498:
633:
flowed from Heaven's will through the person of the ruler to his lords and his family. The sovereign was held to be Heaven's eldest son in a manner analogous to the patrilineal kin-based society of
Predynastic Zhou. If the sovereign was insufficiently virtuous, Heaven would choose a new successor, portended by various omens or disasters. King Wen was said to be mandated by Heaven because the virtue of the Shang kings had declined too greatly. While this political theory gained a great deal of sophistication over time, it seems to have begun with King Wen reading the skies.
677:
599:, a rebel state opposed to Shang, conquering both. One year later he attacked Chong, home of Hu, Marquis of Chong, his arch-enemy, and defeated it, gaining access to the Ford of Meng through which he could cross his army to attack Shang. By then he had obtained about two thirds of the whole kingdom either as direct possessions or sworn allies. That same year he moved his administrative capital city one hundred kilometers east from Mount Qi to
1129:
22:
156:
618:. The name "Wen" now means "the Cultured" or "the Civilizing" and was made into an official royal name by King Wu in honor of his father. He was the only noble to bear the posthumous name "Wen" for almost the entire first half of the Zhou dynasty, despite its common usage as an epithet of eulogy, suggesting a special privilege.
667:
The transmitted record does not place King Wen's receipt of the
Mandate in his biography, although the widespread traditions that hold the idea of its existence to be true universally agree that he did receive it at some point during his career. While his conquests, imprisonment, establishments, and
585:
Subsequently, upon returning home Wen secretly began to plot to overthrow King Zhou. In his first year as
Overlord of the West, he settled a land dispute between the states of Yu and Rui, earning greater recognition among the nobles. It is by this point that some nobles began calling him "king". The
668:
rebellion form a traditional relative chronology, the absolute date calculated by modern scholars of the celestial phenomena that formed the seed of what has been called the Zhou dynasty's most important contribution to
Chinese political thought cannot be securely slotted into King Wen's timeline.
632:
The theory of political legitimacy that prevailed during the Zhou dynasty and found adherents throughout the following millennia was known as the
Mandate of Heaven. According to this theory, Heaven established the sovereign lexically the same way a sovereign would establish a vassal, legitimacy
581:
and made into meat cakes which were fed to his father in Youli. However, many officials (in particular San
Yisheng and Hong Yao) respected Wen for his honorable governance and gave King Zhou so many gifts – including gold, horses, and women – that he released Wen, and also bestowed upon him his
594:
barbarians and occupied a portion of their land. The following year, he campaigned against Mixu, a state whose chief had been harassing the smaller states of Ruan and Gong, thus annexing the three of them. The following year, he attacked Li, a puppet of Shang, and the next year he attacked
582:
personal weapons and invested him with the special rank of
Overlord of the West (Western Shang). Wen offered a piece of his land in Western Luo to King Zhou, who in turn allowed Wen to make one last request. He requested that the Burning Pillar punishment be abolished, and so it was..
2284:. quote: "管、蔡、郕、霍、魯、衛、毛、聃、郜、雍、曹、滕、畢、原、酆、郇，文之昭也。" translation by Durrent, Li, Schaberg (2016:380-1): "the domains of Guan, Cai, Cheng, Huo, Lu, Wei, Mao, Dan, Gao, Yong, Cao, Teng, Bi, Yuan, Feng, and Xun for King Wen’s sons of the odd-numbered generations"
1830:
Pines notes (p. 717): “King Wen of Zhou’s 周文王 (d. ca. 1047 BCE) position under the Shang dynasty, Xibo 西伯, should be translated "overlord of the West," not "Earl of the West".” He further notes that this reading anticipates and is cognate with the title
603:, placing the Shang under imminent threat. The following year, however, the Overlord of the West died before he could cross the Ford. Nonetheless, that other sources suggest he died in battle during the Zhou campaign against the Shang.
2946:
769:. He is also said to have written the judgments which are appended to each hexagram. The most commonly used sequence of the 64 hexagrams is attributed to him and is usually referred to as the
2396:
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in five hundred years' time of the five planets visible to the naked eye could be seen in the constellation of Cancer, followed a few seasons later by an apparition of
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3728:
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2433:
3708:
3627:
1241:
3544:
2566:
2139:
Chen
Sanping (2002). "Son of Heaven and Son of God: Interactions among Ancient Asiatic Cultures regarding Sacral Kingship and Theophoric Names".
1847:
Khayutina, Maria (2008). "Western "Capitals" of the
Western Zhou Dynasty: Historical Reality and Its Reflections Until the Time of Sima Qian".
2926:
2970:
2183:
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1957:
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3173:
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3158:
3118:
3208:
3028:
2475:
105:
39:
650:. One or more of these was interpreted by King Wen as a visible sign indicating his divine appointment. Early records, such as the
1731:
ranks him as King Wen's 17th son like
Marquis of Feng. Here Count of Xun is treated as the 18th son following the ordering of the
1713:
ranks him as King Wen's 17th son like Count of Xun. Here Marquis of Feng is treated as the 17th son following the ordering of the
3718:
3113:
2963:
2890:
2882:
2258:, quote: "召公為太保，周公為太傅，太公為太師。" translation: "The Duke of Shao acted as Grand Protector, the Duke of Zhou as Grand Tutor, and the
86:
3571:
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2232:
1888:
58:
43:
497:
2281:
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ranks Zai as King Wen's 10th son like Du. Here Zai is treated as the 10th son following Shiji's & Zuozhuan's orderings
3738:
3675:
1683:
ranks Du as King Wen's 10th son like Zai. Here Du is treated as the 5th son following Shiji's & Zuozhuan's orderings
65:
3399:
2559:
651:
3254:
676:
72:
32:
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2076:(2007). "On the identity of Shang Di 上帝 and the origin of the concept of a Celestial Mandate (Tian Ming 天命)".
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54:
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643:
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3611:
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3317:
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2934:
2930:
2918:
2914:
2906:
2870:
2552:
2174:
Kern, Martin (2010). "Early Chinese Literature, Beginnings Through Western Han". In Owen, Stephen (ed.).
2902:
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922:
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3347:
3332:
3143:
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2409:
1755:
660:, describe Heaven's Mandate in terms of an actual astronomic event: "the great command in the sky" (
590:
fishing in the Pan River and hired him as a military counselor. He also repelled an invasion of the
3619:
3368:
2807:
2722:
2390:
2399:; quote: "召公，文王庶子。"; rough translation: "The Duke of Shao was King Wen's son by a secondary wife."
2239:
quote: "武王同母兄弟十人。母曰太姒，文王正妃也。其長子曰伯邑考，次曰武王發，次曰管叔鮮，次曰周公旦，次曰蔡叔度，次曰曹叔振鐸，次曰成叔武，次曰霍叔處，次曰康叔封，次曰冉季載。冉季載最少。"
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and fathered ten sons and one daughter by her, plus at least another eight sons with concubines.
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2471:
2373:; quote: "邵公、周公之兄也" rough translation: "The Duke of Shao was the Duke of Zhou's older brother"
2179:
2119:
1963:
1953:
1941:
770:
627:
426:
243:
79:
2311:
1906:
Falkenhausen, Lothar von (1996). "The Concept of Wen in the Ancient Chinese Ancestral Cult".
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119:
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1873:<Gernet, J., (2019). EL MUNDO CHINO. Bogotá, Colombia: Editorial Planeta Colombiana>
1667:
1168:
859:
760:
607:
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528:
347:
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252:
192:
2008:
Song, Yunwoo (2019). "The Emergence of the Notion of Predetermined Fate in Early China".
1982:
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in the late 12th century BC, leaving the young Chang as the Elder of the Zhou lineage.
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454:
417:
2393:(Complete Collection of Illustrations and Writings from the Earliest to Current Times)
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1833:
866:
815:
486:
475:; 'Elder of Zhou region' mentioned in inscriptions H11:82 & H11:84 among
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303:
261:
2215:
2035:
Pankenier, David W. (1995). "The cosmo-political background of Heaven's Mandate".
2348:
412:. Ji Chang himself died before the end of the Zhou-Shang War, and his second son
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782:
748:
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577:, went to King Zhou to plead for his freedom, but was executed in a rage by
536:
458:
431:
2414:
ChinaKnowledge.de - An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History, Literature and Art
2333:
ChinaKnowledge.de - An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History, Literature and Art
2316:
ChinaKnowledge.de - An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History, Literature and Art
2299:
ChinaKnowledge.de - An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History, Literature and Art
2236:
1760:
ChinaKnowledge.de - An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History, Literature and Art
1650:, which had not yet developed at this early stage of the written language.
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3183:
3123:
3103:
846:
825:
591:
574:
544:
248:
2160:
2097:
2056:
1860:
921:, a younger son succeeded the Zhou fief (prominent descendants included
763:
in their various permutations to create the sixty-four hexagrams of the
751:, whose followers played a significant role in shaping Chinese culture.
3429:
3239:
3013:
2365:
1788:
765:
737:
578:
566:
540:
524:
130:
1927:
3409:
3249:
3128:
1696:; note the same phonetic component 冉; possibly due to scribal error,
797:
747:
are hymns in praise of King Wen. He was additionally a great hero of
722:
551:
375:
236:
126:
2370:
441:, also known as "Lord Zhou", they are different historical persons.
1919:
430:
are praises to the legacy of King Wen. Some consider him the first
3424:
3163:
2178:. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 23.
829:
675:
642:, two unusual celestial phenomena took place. In May, the densest
573:) after he was slandered by the Marquis of Chong. His eldest son,
570:
562:
496:
413:
3229:
1175:" lists King Wen's sons in a slightly different order of birth:
2959:
2548:
1811:
Pines, Yuri (2020). "Names and Titles in Eastern Zhou Texts".
15:
759:
King Wen is also credited with having stacked the eight
1908:
Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR)
606:
Four years after his death, his second son, known as
420:, and posthumously honored him as the founder of the
695:
reverent and concordant the illustrious assistants.
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3472:
3392:
3361:
3288:
3222:
3006:
2999:
2841:
2703:
2623:
2583:
1948:. Translated by Harari, Yuval Noah; Purcell, John;
1781:
Problems in the Studies of Zhou Oracle-Bone Scripts
543:. Jili was betrayed and executed by the Shang king
353:
343:
317:
295:
242:
232:
222:
212:
202:
198:
188:
178:
170:
162:
141:
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2043:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 121–176.
610:, followed his footsteps and crushed the Shang at
535:, a vassal clan of the Kingdom of Shang along the
206:1152 BC (traditional) or 1112 BC (modern estimate)
2460:). Shanghai Ci Shu Chu Ban She (Shanghai), 1979
785:gave King Wen the title "Greatest of All Kings".
687:1900 CE, housed in the Philadelphia Museum of Art
561:, fearing Wen's growing power, imprisoned him in
437:Although frequently confused with his fourth son
2386:Records of the Generations of Emperors and Kings
1952:. London: Penguin Random House UK. p. 219.
2084:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 1–46.
1893:. 10 vols. Beijing: Zhonghua Publishing, 1963.
1217:Fourteenth son: Xiu, Marquis of Teng (滕侯 / 滕叔繡)
690:
2349:"Those whom kings consider not their subjects"
416:completed the conquest of Shang following the
2971:
2560:
2455:
1199:Eight son: Feng, Ruler of Kang then Wey (康叔封)
1148:
1139:
1120:
1112:
1104:
1095:
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1061:
1052:
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853:
819:
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518:
480:
326:
307:
8:
1214:Thirteenth son: Zhenduo, Ruler of Cao (曹叔振鐸)
697:Dignified, dignified are the many officers,
2176:The Cambridge History of Chinese Literature
701:Responding in praise to the one in Heaven,
384:; 1152–1050 BC, the Cultured King) was the
3003:
2978:
2964:
2956:
2567:
2553:
2545:
2481:
2252:Records of ritual matters by Dai the Elder
2247:
2245:
2147:(3). Cambridge University Press: 289–325.
1246:
154:
138:
3628:Creation of the Gods I: Kingdom of Storms
2118:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1983:"What Is the Mandate of Heaven in China?"
1242:Family tree of Chinese monarchs (ancient)
800:, of the Youshen lineage of the Si clan (
713:"Eulogies of Zhou – Clear Temple" (
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
2216:Vol. 20 Tables of Persons - Then and Now
2116:Bureaucracy and the State in Early China
2068:
2066:
2010:Dao: A Journal of Comparative Philosophy
1837:, originally spelled with the same word.
699:holding fast to the virtue of King Wen.
1746:
1612:
1159:Served as Grand Protector to King Cheng
1783:(MA). University of British Columbia.
1754:Theobald, Ulrich (December 19, 2010).
1465:
1461:
1451:
1354:
1255:
1251:
292:
2470:. Crown Publishers (New York), 1982.
2410:"Shao Gong Shi 召公奭, the Duke of Shao"
1981:Szczepanski, Kallie (1 August 2019).
1946:Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind
1901:
1899:
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1555:
1545:
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1226:Seventeenth son: Marquis of Feng (豐侯)
1196:Seventh son: Wu, Ruler of Cheng (郕叔武)
1181:Second son: Fa, King Wu of Zhou (周武王)
705:Greatly illustrious, greatly honored,
703:they hurry swiftly within the temple.
7:
2141:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society
1756:"Zhou Wenwang 周文王, King Wen of Zhou"
1659:Not listed among King Wen's sons by
1220:Fifteenth son: Gao, Duke of Bi (畢公高)
1202:Ninth son: Zheng, Ruler of Mao (毛叔鄭)
1184:Third son: Xian, Ruler of Guan (管叔鮮)
465:), etc.) identified King Wen with a
44:adding citations to reliable sources
2237:"Hereditary Houses of Guan and Cai"
1187:Fourth son: Dan, Duke of Zhou (周公旦)
3729:Investiture of the Gods characters
1205:Tenth son: Zai, Ruler of Ran (冉季載)
1193:Sixth son: Chu, Ruler of Huo (霍叔處)
129:sometimes known by that name, see
14:
1229:Eighteenth son: Count of Xun (郇伯)
1223:Sixteenth son: Count of Yuan (原伯)
1190:Fifth son: Du, Ruler of Cai (蔡叔度)
917:Dan's son Boqin ruled as Duke of
3709:11th-century BC Chinese monarchs
1127:
736:Many of the older odes from the
693:Ah! Solemn is the clear temple,
501:Painting of King Wen of Zhou by
20:
3362:Four Chief Disciples of Jiejiao
1819:(5–6). Leiden: Brill: 714–720.
1727:Possibly due to scribal error,
1709:Possibly due to scribal error,
1679:Possibly due to scribal error,
1211:Twelfth son: Count of Yong (雍伯)
1208:Eleventh son: Ruler of Gao (郜叔)
31:needs additional citations for
3572:Nezha Conquers the Dragon King
3064:Foursome of Nine Dragon Island
2312:"The Regional State of Teng 滕"
2233:Records of the Grand Historian
1855:. Harrassowitz Verlag: 25–65.
1646:
1636:
1264:Gongshu Zulei (1192 - 1158 BC)
727:
471:
380:
1:
2911:5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
2329:"The Regional State of Wei 魏"
2295:Mao Gong 毛公, the Dukes of Mao
1171:"Register of surnames of the
707:may never be weary of men.
684:
2282:"Duke Xi -24th year - zhuan"
3529:The Investiture of the Gods
3481:The Investiture of the Gods
3400:Dragon King of the East Sea
2452:Ci Hai Bian Ji Wei Yuan Hui
1287:Gugong Danfu (1158–1126 BC)
424:. Many of the hymns of the
3755:
2310:Theobald, Ulrich (2018),
2256:Protectors and Tutors (保傅)
2022:10.1007/s11712-019-09684-1
1463:
1348:
1253:
1239:
1178:Eldest son: Bo Yikao (伯邑考)
625:
586:following year, Wen found
404:during the final years of
124:
117:
3724:Kings of the Zhou dynasty
3521:The Legend and the Hero 2
3435:Old Man of the South Pole
2860:
2614:
2533:
2524:
2516:
2511:
2484:
2456:
2327:Theobald, Ulrich (2018),
2200:The Origins of Statecraft
2153:10.1017/S1356186302000330
2090:10.1017/S0362502800001796
2049:10.1017/S0362502800004466
1825:10.1163/15685322-10656P06
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1631:
1539:
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680:As depicted in the album
661:
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397:
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327:
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308:
302:
291:
153:
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3059:Five Colored-Face Devils
2531:1099 – c. 1050 BC
2408:Theobald, Ulrich (2011)
2371:"Pneuma & Longevity"
2293:Theobald, Ulrich (2012)
2016:(4). Springer: 509–529.
828:and a younger sister of
814:Lady, of the Zi clan of
508:Japan, Edo period, 1632.
400:), the patriarch of the
118:Not to be confused with
3719:Shang dynasty musicians
3545:Investiture of the Gods
3513:The Legend and the Hero
3290:Twelve Golden Immortals
2992:Investiture of the Gods
682:Portraits of Famous Men
479:excavated at Zhouyuan (
449:Chinese scholars (e.g.
283:Zhenduo, Marquis of Cao
174:1100–1050 BC (50 years)
3612:New Gods: Nezha Reborn
3318:Wenshu Guangfa Tianzun
1779:Lin, Sen-Shou (1995).
1640:here is to be read as
1094:, ruled as Duke of Bi
734:
688:
523:), Wen was the son of
510:
335: "First Founder")
679:
500:
3734:Shang dynasty people
3497:The Legend of Ne Zha
3353:Qingxu Daode Zhenjun
3144:Qiongxiao Niangniang
2468:The Chinese Heritage
2434:Searchable full text
1009:), ruled Kang, then
958:Sixth son: Zhenduo (
434:of Chinese history.
285:Xiu, Marquis of Teng
148:Overlord of the West
136:Overlord of the West
40:improve this article
3739:Deified Chinese men
3620:New Gods: Yang Jian
2391:Gujin Tushu Jicheng
1449:(1125 BC - 1050 BC)
1339:Jili, Elder of Zhou
281:Zai, Monarch of Dan
279:Zheng, Count of Mao
277:Chu, Monarch of Huo
3245:King Zhou of Shang
3199:Yunxiao Niangniang
2388:(帝王世紀), quoted in
2218:" with annotations
1989:. Dotdash Meredith
1942:Harari, Yuval Noah
1789:10.14288/1.0098998
1039:By other spouses:
912:King Cheng of Zhou
689:
559:King Zhou of Shang
511:
275:Wu, Count of Cheng
218:Cheng (Zhou state)
55:"King Wen of Zhou"
3686:
3685:
3537:Hakyu Hoshin Engi
3468:
3467:
3308:Huanglong Zhenren
3094:Jiutou Zhiji Jing
3019:Bixiao Niangniang
2953:
2952:
2543:
2542:
2534:Succeeded by
2486:King Wen of Zhou
2351:quote: "召公，文王子也。"
2185:978-0-521-85558-7
2125:978-0-521-88447-1
1959:978-0-09-959008-8
1598:
1597:
1395:Tai Jiang of Pang
971:Seventh son: Wu (
923:Duke Ding of Zhou
824:), a daughter of
777:Posthumous honors
771:King Wen sequence
739:Classic of Poetry
628:Mandate of Heaven
622:Mandate of Heaven
427:Classic of Poetry
361:
360:
339:
338:
334:
259:, Marquis of Guan
216:1050 BC (aged 62)
125:For the ruler of
116:
115:
108:
90:
3746:
3445:Tongtian Jiaozhu
3270:King Wen of Zhou
3004:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2957:
2618:
2585:Predynastic Zhou
2569:
2562:
2555:
2546:
2520:Ji, King of Zhou
2517:Preceded by
2507:
2500:
2491:Predynastic Zhou
2482:
2463:
2459:
2458:
2440:
2423:
2417:
2406:
2400:
2380:
2374:
2358:
2352:
2342:
2336:
2325:
2319:
2308:
2302:
2291:
2285:
2273:
2267:
2249:
2240:
2225:
2219:
2209:
2203:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2070:
2061:
2060:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1903:
1894:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1844:
1838:
1828:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1776:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1766:
1751:
1735:
1725:
1719:
1707:
1701:
1690:
1684:
1677:
1671:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1629:
1623:
1617:
1447:King Wen of Zhou
1247:
1152:
1151:
1143:
1142:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1115:
1111:Marquis of Feng
1108:
1107:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1080:
1079:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1064:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1046:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1016:Tenth son: Zai (
1008:
1007:
991:
990:
986:Eight son: Chu (
982:
981:
977:), ruled Cheng (
976:
975:
963:
962:
950:
949:
931:
902:
891:
890:
874:
873:
857:
856:
852:Second son: Fa (
823:
822:
805:
804:
732:
729:
720:
686:
663:
641:
640:
522:
521:
509:
484:
483:
473:
468:
399:
386:posthumous title
382:
373:
364:King Wen of Zhou
332:
330:
329:
311:
310:
293:
287:Gao, Count of Bi
268:, Marquis of Cai
183:Ji, King of Zhou
165:Predynastic Zhou
158:
139:
120:Duke Wen of Zhou
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
3754:
3753:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3743:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3652:
3634:
3559:
3464:
3450:Yuanshi Tianzun
3388:
3384:Guiling Shengmu
3374:Jinling Shengmu
3357:
3348:Daoxing Tianzun
3333:Lingbao Dafashi
3284:
3275:King Wu of Zhou
3218:
3139:Princess Longji
2995:
2984:
2954:
2949:
2856:
2837:
2699:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2579:
2573:
2539:
2537:King Wu of Zhou
2530:
2522:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2487:
2461:
2448:
2446:Further reading
2443:
2426:Yuanhe Xingzuan
2424:
2420:
2407:
2403:
2381:
2377:
2359:
2355:
2343:
2339:
2326:
2322:
2309:
2305:
2292:
2288:
2274:
2270:
2264:Grand Preceptor
2250:
2243:
2226:
2222:
2210:
2206:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2072:
2071:
2064:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1960:
1940:
1939:
1935:
1905:
1904:
1897:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1849:Oriens Extremus
1846:
1845:
1841:
1829:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1778:
1777:
1773:
1764:
1762:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1738:
1729:Yuanhe xingzuan
1726:
1722:
1711:Yuanhe xingzuan
1708:
1704:
1698:Yuanhe xingzuan
1694:Yuanhe Xingzuan
1691:
1687:
1681:Yuanhe xingzuan
1678:
1674:
1668:Yuanhe Xingzuan
1658:
1654:
1630:
1626:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1244:
1238:
1169:Yuanhe Xingzuan
1128:
1066:), Duke of Mao
925:
910:and regent for
896:
860:King Wu of Zhou
791:
779:
757:
733:
712:
709:
706:
704:
702:
700:
698:
696:
694:
674:
648:Comet 1P/Halley
638:
637:
630:
624:
614:, founding the
539:in present-day
531:, the Elder of
507:
506:
495:
447:
348:King Ji of Zhou
313:
297:Posthumous name
286:
284:
282:
280:
278:
276:
274:
269:
264:
260:
255:
253:King Wu of Zhou
251:
228:
227:Bi (Zhou state)
217:
208:Bi (Zhou state)
207:
193:King Wu of Zhou
137:
134:
123:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
3752:
3750:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3704:1056 BC deaths
3701:
3699:1152 BC births
3691:
3690:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3679:
3678:
3666:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3624:
3616:
3608:
3600:
3592:
3584:
3580:League of Gods
3576:
3567:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3549:
3541:
3533:
3525:
3517:
3509:
3505:Gods of Honour
3501:
3493:
3485:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3440:Randeng Daoren
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3381:
3379:Wudang Shengmu
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3343:Yuding Zhenren
3340:
3338:Cihang Zhenren
3335:
3330:
3325:
3323:Puxian Zhenren
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3044:Chong Yingbiao
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3008:
3007:Semi-fictional
3001:
2997:
2996:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2960:
2951:
2950:
2861:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2848:
2846:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2684:Gonghe Regency
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2589:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2549:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2532:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2512:Regnal titles
2509:
2508:
2488:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2464:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2441:
2418:
2401:
2375:
2353:
2337:
2320:
2303:
2286:
2268:
2241:
2220:
2204:
2191:
2184:
2166:
2131:
2124:
2103:
2062:
2027:
2000:
1973:
1958:
1933:
1920:10.2307/495623
1895:
1875:
1866:
1839:
1803:
1801:Cihai, p. 201.
1794:
1771:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1736:
1720:
1702:
1685:
1672:
1652:
1624:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1444:
1441:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1103:Count of Yuan
1101:
1086:
1073:
1058:
1051:Count of Yong
1049:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1022:), ruled Ran (
1014:
997:
984:
969:
956:
939:
938:
937:
934:Gonghe Regency
915:
880:
863:
850:
836:
835:
834:Other spouses.
832:
808:
807:
790:
787:
778:
775:
756:
753:
710:
691:
673:
670:
626:Main article:
623:
620:
557:At one point,
494:
491:
446:
443:
418:Battle of Muye
359:
358:
355:
351:
350:
345:
341:
340:
337:
336:
322:
321:
315:
314:
300:
299:
289:
288:
273:, Count of Wey
246:
240:
239:
234:
230:
229:
226:
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
204:
200:
199:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
180:
176:
175:
172:
168:
167:
160:
159:
151:
150:
144:
143:
135:
114:
113:
96:September 2017
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3751:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3714:Guqin players
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3672:
3671:
3667:
3665:
3664:Fengshen bang
3662:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3649:
3648:
3647:Mystic Heroes
3644:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3630:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3486:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3471:
3461:
3460:Zhao Gongming
3458:
3456:
3455:Zhunti Daoren
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3369:Duobao Daoren
3367:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3328:Taiyi Zhenren
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3298:Guang Chengzi
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3204:Zhang Guifang
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3179:Xianhe Tongzi
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3054:Fang Brothers
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2981:
2976:
2974:
2969:
2967:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2859:
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2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2840:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2702:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2575:Kings of the
2570:
2565:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2521:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2498:
2493:
2492:
2483:
2477:
2476:0-517-54475-X
2473:
2469:
2465:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2422:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2387:
2384:
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56:
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51:Find sources:
45:
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27:
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3169:Su Quanzhong
3154:Shen Gongbao
3079:Huang Yuanji
2990:
2899:N. Dynasties
2895:S. Dynasties
2844:Eastern Zhou
2842:Remnants at
2705:Eastern Zhou
2682:
2625:Western Zhou
2602:
2577:Zhou dynasty
2527:King of Zhou
2525:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2467:
2462:(in Chinese)
2451:
2430:Siku Quanshu
2425:
2421:
2413:
2404:
2397:vol. 63 / 91
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2106:
2081:
2077:
2074:Allan, Sarah
2040:
2036:
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2009:
2003:
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1986:
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1945:
1936:
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1886:
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425:
422:Zhou dynasty
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38:Please help
33:verification
30:
3670:Hoshin Engi
3639:Video games
3489:Soul Hunter
3405:Erlang Shen
3260:San Yisheng
3255:Nangong Kuo
3149:Queen Jiang
3069:Huang Feihu
3039:Chong Houhu
3034:Chong Heihu
2987:Xu Zhonglin
2891:16 Kingdoms
2345:Bai Hu Tong
2212:Book of Han
2078:Early China
2037:Early China
1662:Book of Han
1153:, ruler of
999:Ninth son:
941:Fifth son:
926: [
908:Grand Tutor
897: [
865:Third son:
845:First son:
842:By Tai Si:
781:In 196 BC,
652:inscription
472:Zhōufāng bó
445:Archaeology
319:Temple name
179:Predecessor
3693:Categories
3604:Jiang Ziya
3588:I Am Nezha
3556:(upcoming)
3303:Chi Jingzi
3265:Shang Rong
3235:Jiang Ziya
3223:Historical
3194:Yunzhongzi
3089:Jiang Huan
3084:Ji Shuqian
3049:Deng Zhong
3000:Characters
2883:3 Kingdoms
2466:Wu, K. C.
2438:wikisource
2383:Huangfu Mi
2361:Wang Chong
2260:Grand Duke
1813:T'oung Pao
1765:2021-04-27
1602:References
1240:See also:
1144:, Duke of
1028:) or Dan (
906:Served as
755:Divination
657:Da Yu ding
644:clustering
588:Jiang Ziya
451:Wang Yunwu
402:Zhou state
66:newspapers
3313:Ju Liusun
3214:Zheng Lun
3174:Wen Zhong
3134:Pipa Jing
3109:Leizhenzi
3099:Kong Xuan
3074:Huang Gun
3024:Chen Tong
2432:version.
2395:(古今圖書集成)
2277:Zuo zhuan
2254:(大戴禮記), "
2228:Sima Qian
1987:ThoughtCo
1968:910498369
1883:Sima Qian
1742:Citations
1733:Zuo Zhuan
1716:Zuo Zhuan
992:), ruled
964:), ruled
951:), ruled
894:Zhou fief
875:), ruled
803:太姒 姒姓 有莘氏
783:Han Gaozu
749:Confucius
728:Qīng miào
537:Wei River
493:Biography
459:Li Xueqin
432:epic hero
388:given to
189:Successor
3676:chapters
3280:Bo Yikao
3189:Yin Jiao
3184:Yang Ren
3159:Shen Jie
3124:Lu Xiong
3119:Liu Qian
3104:Lady Yin
2828:Shenjing
2788:Zhending
2202:, p. 42.
2161:25188290
2114:(2008).
2098:23354211
2057:23351765
1993:28 April
1944:(2015).
1914:: 1–22.
1861:24048045
1236:Ancestry
1134:Possibly
847:Bo Yikao
826:Wen Ding
761:trigrams
711:—
636:In 1059
592:Quanrong
575:Bo Yikao
545:Wen Ding
390:Ji Chang
249:Bo Yikao
142:Ji Chang
3657:Related
3415:Li Jing
3393:Deities
3240:Jiao Ge
3209:Zhao Qi
3029:Chen Wu
3014:Ao Bing
2506:1056 BC
2499:1152 BC
2457:辞海编辑委员会
2366:Lunheng
2198:Creel.
2112:Li Feng
1060:Zheng (
936:-fame);
932:of the
793:Wives:
766:I Ching
743:Shijing
715:Chinese
654:on the
608:King Wu
579:lingchi
567:Tangyin
541:Shaanxi
529:Ji Jili
517:Chang (
394:Chinese
368:Chinese
357:Tai Ren
325:Shizu (
131:Zhao Mo
80:scholar
3631:(2023)
3623:(2022)
3615:(2021)
3607:(2020)
3599:(2019)
3596:Ne Zha
3591:(2016)
3583:(2016)
3575:(1979)
3553:Zhaoge
3548:(2019)
3540:(2018)
3532:(2014)
3524:(2009)
3516:(2007)
3508:(2001)
3500:(1999)
3492:(1999)
3484:(1990)
3410:Jinzha
3250:Mei Bo
3129:Mei Wu
3114:Li Gen
2923:W. Xia
2808:Weilie
2723:Zhuang
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789:Family
725::
723:pinyin
717::
672:Legacy
525:Tairen
396::
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376:pinyin
370::
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344:Father
237:Tai Si
233:Spouse
223:Burial
127:Nanyue
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2867:Shang
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2638:Cheng
2504:Died:
2497:Born:
2157:JSTOR
2143:. 3.
2094:JSTOR
2053:JSTOR
1924:JSTOR
1889:Shiji
1857:JSTOR
1620:Rebus
1607:Notes
1075:Xiu (
930:]
901:]
830:Di Yi
816:Shang
571:Henan
563:Youli
552:Taisi
513:Born
414:Ji Fa
306:Wen (
244:Issue
171:Reign
87:JSTOR
73:books
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