Vandals - Knowledge (XXG)

302: 830: 2466: 1782: 56: 48: 1210: 1687: 1475: 1218: 1611:) were a constant source of tension in their African state. Catholic bishops were exiled or killed by Genseric and laymen were excluded from office and frequently suffered confiscation of their property. He protected his Catholic subjects when his relations with Rome and Constantinople were friendly, as during the years 454–57, when the Catholic community at Carthage, being without a head, elected Deogratias bishop. The same was also the case during the years 476–477 when Bishop Victor of 1582: 2441:, which also remained the official language of the Vandal administration (most of the staff seems to have been native Berber/Roman). Levels of literacy in the ancient world are uncertain, but writing was integral to administration and business. Studies of literacy in North Africa have tended to centre around the administration, which was limited to the social elite. However, the majority of the population of North Africa did not live in urban centres. 564: 1397: 4198: 7927: 995: 5275: 3709: 738: 2804:(University of Wisconsin Press) 1989, highlight the Vandals' role as continuators: Frank Clover stresses continuities in North African Roman mosaics and coinage and literature, whereas Averil Cameron, drawing upon archaeology, documents how swift were the social, religious and linguistic changes once the area was conquered by Byzantium and then by Islam. 1341:. His siege of Palermo in 440 was a failure as was the second attempt to invade Sicily near Agrigento in 442 (the Vandals occupied the island from 468 to 476 when it was ceded to Odovacer). Historian Cameron suggests that the new Vandal rule may not have been unwelcomed by the population of North Africa as the great landowners were generally unpopular. 1312:, where he was joined by Aspar's army. During the summer of 432, Genseric soundly defeated the joint forces of both Bonifacius and Aspar, which enabled him to seize Hippo Regius unopposed. Genseric and Aspar subsequently negotiated a peace treaty of some sorts. Upon seizing Hippo Regius, Genseric made it the first capital of the Vandal kingdom. 556: 2451:; apart from their names, little is known about the poets themselves, not even when they were writing. Their work drew on earlier Roman traditions. Modern scholars generally hold the view that the Vandals allowed the Romans in North Africa to carry on with their way of life with only occasional interference. 1634:: "Genseric, one of the most powerful personalities of the "era of the Migrations", died on 25 January 477, at the great age of around 88 years. According to the law of succession which he had promulgated, the oldest male member of the royal house was to succeed. Thus he was succeeded by his son 1356:

was that the Vandal take-over of Carthage and North Africa led to widespread destruction. However, recent archaeological investigations have challenged this assertion. Although Carthage's Odeon was destroyed, the street pattern remained the same and some public buildings were renovated. The political

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Roland Steinacher: Wenden, Slawen, Vandalen. Eine frühmittelalterliche pseudologische Gleichsetzung und ihr Nachleben bis ins 18. Jahrhundert. In: W. Pohl (Hrsg.): Auf der Suche nach den Ursprüngen. Von der Bedeutung des frühen Mittelalters (Forschungen zur Geschichte des Mittelalters 8), Wien 2004,

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ware discovered across the Mediterranean dating from the Vandal period of North Africa to challenge the assumption that the Vandal rule of North Africa was a time of economic instability. When the Vandals raided Sicily in 440, the Western Roman Empire was too preoccupied with war with Gaul to react.

627:

but does not say where they live, or which peoples are within this category. On the other hand, Tacitus and Ptolemy give information about the position of Varini, Burgundians, and Gutones in this period, and these indications suggest that the Vandals in this period lived between the Oder and Vistula

668:

as a large group of tribes between the Vistula and the Oder. Strabo and Ptolemy do not mention the Vandals at all, only the Lugii, Tacitus mentions them in a passage about the ancestry of the Germanic peoples without saying where they lived, and Pliny the Elder in contrast mentions the Vandals but

1615:

sent him, during a period of peace, a sharp refutation of Arianism and suffered no punishment. Huneric, Genseric's successor, issued edicts against Catholics in 483 and 484 in an effort to marginalise them and make Arianism the primary religion in North Africa. Generally most Vandal kings, except

59:

A 16th century perception of the Vandals, illustrated in the manuscript "Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel" which means "Theater of all the peoples and nations of the earth with their

5476:

Stefan Donecker; Roland Steinacher, Rex Vandalorum – The Debates on Wends and Vandals in Swedish Humanism as an Indicator for Early Modern Patterns of Ethnic Perception, in: ed. Robert Nedoma, Der Norden im Ausland – das Ausland im Norden. Formung und Transformation von Konzepten und Bildern des

1844:". In the words of historian Roger Collins: "The remaining Vandals were then shipped back to Constantinople to be absorbed into the imperial army. As a distinct ethnic unit they disappeared". Some of the few Vandals remained at North Africa while more migrated back to Spain. In 546 the Vandalic 1565:

reached a treaty with them, and in 476 Genseric was able to conclude a "perpetual peace" with Constantinople. Relations between the two states assumed a veneer of normality. From 477 onwards, the Vandals produced their own coinage, restricted to bronze and silver low-denomination coins. The

1465:

received Genseric and implored him to abstain from murder and destruction by fire, and to be satisfied with pillage. Whether the pope's influence saved Rome is, however, questioned. The Vandals departed with countless valuables. Eudoxia and her daughter Eudocia were taken to North Africa.

699:

In archaeology, the Vandals are associated with the Przeworsk culture, but the culture probably extended over several central and eastern European peoples. Their origin, ethnicity and linguistic affiliation are heavily debated. The bearers of the Przeworsk culture mainly practiced

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stems from the Vandals' reputation as the barbarian people who sacked and looted Rome in AD 455. The Vandals were probably not any more destructive than other invaders of ancient times, but writers who idealized Rome often blamed them for its destruction. For example, English

1236:. Although numbers are unknown and some historians debate the validity of estimates, based on Procopius' assertion that the Vandals and Alans numbered 80,000 when they moved to North Africa, Peter Heather estimates that they could have fielded an army of around 15,000–20,000. 2567:. The term was quickly adopted across Europe. This new use of the term was important in colouring the perception of the Vandals from later Late Antiquity, popularizing the pre-existing idea that they were a barbaric group with a taste for destruction. Vandals and other " 1648:(484–496), his cousin and successor, sought internal peace with the Catholics and ceased persecution once more. Externally, the Vandal power had been declining since Genseric's death, and Gunthamund lost early in his reign all but a small wedge of western Sicily to the 1126:(his mother was a slave) had held a prominent position at the Vandal court, rising to the throne unchallenged. In 429, the Vandals departed Spain which remained almost totally in Roman hands until 439, when the Sueves, confined to Gallaecia moved south and captured 1117:

in 425. The capture of the maritime city of Cartagena enabled the Vandals to engage in widespread naval activities. In 428 Gunderic captured Seville for a second time but died while laying siege to the city's church. He was succeeded by his half-brother

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Carthage on October 19. The city was captured without a fight; the Vandals entered the city while most of the inhabitants were attending the races at the hippodrome. Genseric made it his capital, and styled himself the King of the Vandals and

1243:, the military ruler of the region. Seeking to establish himself as an independent ruler in Africa or even become Roman Emperor, Bonifacius had defeated several Roman attempts to subdue him, until he was mastered by the newly appointed Gothic 829: 1281:

On 28 August 430, three months into the siege, St. Augustine (who was 75 years old) died, perhaps from starvation or stress, as the wheat fields outside the city lay dormant and unharvested. The death of Augustine shocked the Regent of the

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Die Vandalen: die Könige, die Eliten, die Krieger, die Handwerker. Publikation zur Ausstellung "Die Vandalen"; eine Ausstellung der Maria-Curie-Sklodowska-Universität Lublin und des Landesmuseums Zamość ... ; Ausstellung im

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declared war, with the stated intention of restoring Hilderic to the Vandal throne. The deposed Hilderic was murdered in 533 on Gelimer's orders. While an expedition was en route, a large part of the Vandal army and navy was led by

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Clarke, S. 1997: ‘Abandonment, rubbish disposal and “special” deposits’, in Meadows, K., Lemke, C. and Heron, J. (eds), TRAC 96. Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference Sheffield 1996, Oxford,

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Judith George explains that "Analysis of the poems in their context holds up a mirror to the ways and values of the times". Very little work of the poets of Vandal North Africa survives, but what does is found in the

5521: 3002:, p. 4 "Goths, Vandals, and other East Germanic tribes were differentiated from the Germans... In keeping with this classification, post-Tacitean Scandinavians were also no longer counted among the Germans...." 2620:"Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel par Luc Dheere peintre et sculpteur Gantois[manuscript]" 1446:, to marry him. Diplomacy between the two factions broke down, and in 455 with a letter from Licinia Eudoxia, begging Genseric's son to rescue her, the Vandals took Rome, along with the Empress and her daughters 4663: 615:, but only in a passage explaining legends about the origins of the Germanic peoples. He names them as one of the groups sometimes thought to be one of the oldest divisions of these peoples, along with the 1315:

The Romans and the Vandals concluded a treaty in 435 giving the Vandals control of the Mauretania and the western half of Numidia. Genseric chose to break the treaty in 439 when he invaded the province of

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writes that he probably contributed more to the destruction of Rome than any of his contemporaries. Although the barbarians controlled Hispania, they still comprised a tiny minority among a much larger

642:

The Hasdingi, who later led the invasion of Carthage, do not appear in written records until the 2nd century and the time of the Marcomannic wars. The Lacringi appear in 3rd century records.

281:" to describe any pointless destruction, particularly the "barbarian" defacing of artwork. However, some modern historians have emphasised the role of Vandals as continuators of aspects of 2718: 677:

have noted that Ptolemy seems to distinguish the Silingi from the Lugii, and in the 2nd century the Hasdings, when they appear in the Roman record, are also distinguished from the Lugii.

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Although the Vandals had fended off attacks from the Romans and established hegemony over the islands of the western Mediterranean, they were less successful in their conflict with the

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Theodosius II, emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, dispatched an expedition to deal with the Vandals in 441; however, it only progressed as far as Sicily. The Western Empire under

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concludes that at this time the Vandals were located in the region around the Middle and Upper Danube. It is possible that such Middle Danubian Vandals were part of the Gothic king

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border in May–June 430 by Bonifacius. Negotiations broke down, and Bonifacius was soundly defeated. Bonifacius subsequently barricaded himself inside Hippo Regius with the Vandals

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While the Hasdingian Vandals were already established in the Middle Danube for centuries, it is less clear where the Silingian Vandals had been living though it may have been in

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Robert Kasperski, Ethnicity, ethnogenesis, and the Vandals: Some Remarks on a Theory of Emergence of the Barbarian Gens, „Acta Poloniae Historia” 112, 2015, pp. 201–242.

1720:. He granted it religious freedom; consequently, Catholic synods were once more held in North Africa. However, he had little interest in war, and left it to a family member, 1434:

offered his daughter's hand in marriage to Genseric's son. Before this treaty could be carried out, however, politics again played a crucial part in the blunders of Rome.

1824:). Some Vandal women married Byzantine soldiers and settled in north Algeria and Tunisia. The choicest Vandal warriors were formed into five cavalry regiments, known as 1620:, persecuted Trinitarian Christians to a greater or lesser extent, banning conversion for Vandals, exiling bishops and generally making life difficult for Trinitarians. 1856:, defected from the Byzantines and raised a rebellion with Moorish support. He was able to capture Carthage, but was assassinated by the Byzantines shortly afterwards. 2465: 1781: 3245: 954:

In 405 AD the Vandals advanced from Pannonia travelling west along the Danube without much difficulty, but when they reached the Rhine, they met resistance from the

656:

The Lugii, who were also mentioned in early classical sources in the same region, are likely to have been the same people as the Vandals. The Lugii are mentioned by

4679: 2864:, Mitteilungen der Schlesischen Gesellschaft für Volkskunde 27, 1926, 20–41. "R. Much has brought forth a relatively convincing argument to show that the very name 681:

notes that "In all likelihood the Lugians and the Vandals were one cultic community that lived in the same region of the Oder in Silesia, where it was first under

1427:'s death, however, the Romans could afford to turn their attention back to the Vandals, who were in control of some of the richest lands of their former empire. 5471: 7963: 5455:

Pierre Courcelle: Histoire littéraire des grandes invasions germaniques. 3rd edition Paris 1964 (Collection des études Augustiniennes: Série antiquité, 19).

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Roland Steinacher: Vandalen – Rezeptions- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte. In: Hubert Cancik (Hrsg.): Der Neue Pauly, Stuttgart 2003, Band 15/3, S. 942–946,

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centre of Carthage was the Byrsa Hill. New industrial centres emerged within towns during this period. Historian Andy Merrills uses the large amounts of

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In AD 278, Emperor Probus on defeating the Vandals and Burgundians, transferred many of them to Britain. It is unknown where they were settled, though

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and then under Germanic domination." This may account for the differentiation between the Celtic Lugii and their more Germanic successors the Vandals.

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in north Algeria) where they integrated themselves with the Berbers. Many others were put into imperial service or fled to the two Gothic kingdoms (

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seems to be a likely candidate. The city bears the name of the Silingi, is only one of six that existed in Roman Britain that did not survive the

2705: 1078:, where he was also proclaimed king of the Silingi Vandals. In 422, Gunderic decisively defeated a Roman-Suebi-Gothic coalition led by the Roman 776:, which resulted in widespread destruction and the first invasion of Italy in the Roman Empire period. During the Marcomannic Wars (166–180) the 8104: 1290:, who feared the consequences if her realm lost its most important source of grain. She raised a new army in Italy and convinced her nephew in 1763:

and nephew Gibamund fell in battle. Gelimer then lost heart and fled. Belisarius quickly took Carthage while the surviving Vandals fought on.

1554:, hacked them to pieces and threw the pieces overboard on the way to Carthage. In 469 the Vandals gained control of Sicily but were forced by 1142:

population, approximately 200,000 out of 6,000,000. Shortly after seizing the throne, Genseric was attacked from the rear by a large force of

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During the next thirty-five years, with a large fleet, Genseric looted the coasts of the Eastern and Western Empires. Vandal activity in the

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North Africa, comprising north Tunisia and eastern Algeria in the Vandal period, became a Roman province again, from which the Vandals were

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to relinquish it in 477 except for the western port of Lilybaeum (lost in 491 after a failed attempt on their part to re-take the island).

2913: 3513: 5478: 3202: 3158: 3154: 3114: 3068: 3018: 2911:

Studien zur vandalischen Geschichte. Die Gleichsetzung der Ethnonyme Wenden, Slawen und Vandalen vom Mittelalter bis ins 18. Jahrhundert

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high-denomination imperial money was retained, demonstrating in the words of Merrills "reluctance to usurp the imperial prerogative".

838: 795:

was obliged to protect the middle course of the Danube against Vandals. They made peace and stayed on the eastern bank of the Danube.

6983: 6770: 5529: 5502: 5491: 5463: 5431: 5412: 5401: 5391: 5341: 5326: 4596: 3838: 3583: 3174: 3144:

Vandals. Germanic people, perhaps originally from the Baltic region, who invaded Gaul in ad 406, and established a kingdom in Spain.

3130: 3090: 3044: 1233: 1204: 47: 5545: 3752: 3419: 2763: 2710: 2679: 2648: 1778:, second city of the Vandal Kingdom, and in 534 Gelimer surrendered to the Byzantine conqueror, ending the Kingdom of the Vandals. 1374:, and the eastern half of Numidia, and were confirmed in control of Proconsular Africa as well as the Vandal Kingdom as the first 1062:. The remainder of his people and the remnants of the Silingi, who were nearly wiped out, subsequently appealed to the Vandal king 5358:

Guido M. Berndt, Konflikt und Anpassung: Studien zu Migration und Ethnogenese der Vandalen (Historische Studien 489, Husum 2007),

3621:

Fulford, Michael (2000). "Human Remains from the North Gate, Silchester: An 'Early' and a 'Late' Radiocarbon Date from the City".

1089:. It is likely that many Roman and Gothic troops deserted to Gunderic following the battle. For the next five years, according to 8114: 7956: 6945: 5285: 3757: 3424: 2715: 2684: 2653: 1071: 430: 2505:

in Latin. The title was shortened to "King of Denmark" in 1972. Starting in 1540, Swedish kings (following Denmark) were styled

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were able to land unopposed 10 miles (16 km) from Carthage. Gelimer quickly assembled an army, and met Belisarius at the

7897: 7165: 6970: 6830: 6399: 5616: 5369:

Hans-Joachim Diesner: Vandalen. In: Paulys Realencyclopädie der class. Altertumswissenschaft (RE Suppl. X, 1965), S. 957–992.

5249: 4964: 1259:. It is possible that Bonifacius had sought Genseric as an ally against Sigisvult, promising him a part of Africa in return. 1308:

Around July–August 431, Genseric raised the siege of Hippo Regius, which enabled Bonifacius to retreat from Hippo Regius to

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linguistic branch, like Gothic. The Goths left behind the only text corpus of the East Germanic language type, especially a

1672:(496–523), owing to his religious fanaticism, was hostile to Catholics, he contented himself with bloodless persecutions". 765:, who appear together with the Hasdingi. Only the Silingi had been mentioned in early Roman works, and are associated with 6313: 6307: 6195: 4101:

J.B. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, Dover Vol. I. pp. 254, 258, 410 Library of Congress Catalog Number −58-11273

3242: 1209: 215: 7046: 6107: 4057: 3877: 1751:, Gelimer's brother, to Sardinia to deal with a rebellion. As a result, the armies of the Byzantine Empire commanded by 1530:. In 468 the Western and Eastern Roman empires launched an enormous expedition against the Vandals under the command of 5438: 1770:, some 20 miles (32 km) from Carthage. Again, the Vandals fought well but broke, this time when Gelimer's brother 7949: 7912: 6925: 4546: 4224: 3150: 1573:. Situated south of the Vandal kingdom, the Berbers inflicted two major defeats on the Vandals in the period 496–530. 1106: 136: 306: 3587: 7997: 7073: 6700: 5571: 5115: 4916: 4884: 4852: 1638:(477–484), who at first tolerated Catholics, owing to his fear of Constantinople, but after 482 began to persecute 1502: 1486: 4697:

History of the Later Roman Empire, from the Death of Theodosius I to the Death of Justinian (A.D. 395 to A.D. 565)

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Migrations of the Vandals from Scandinavia through Dacia, Gaul, Iberia, and into North Africa. Grey: Roman Empire.

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delivered in 291, reported two different conflicts outside the empire wherein Burgundians were associated with

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as allies of Rome. However they eventually caused problems in Dacia and moved further south, towards the lower

310: 65: 3414: 2674: 1534:, which reportedly was composed of 100,000 soldiers and 1,000 ships. The Vandals defeated the invaders at the 7941: 1274:

and his priests prayed for relief from the invaders, knowing full well that the fall of the city would spell

8037: 8032: 7265: 7155: 7145: 7140: 6960: 6940: 6897: 4748: 4606: 4229: 3166: 3122: 3082: 3036: 2510: 2145: 1840:. He was also offered the rank of a patrician but had to refuse it because he was not willing to change his 1535: 1123: 723: 601: 508: 223: 31: 1686: 7667: 7100: 7095: 7078: 7022: 6917: 3464: 2540: 1698: 1058:(Southern France), crushed the Silingi Vandals in 417 and the Alans in 418, killing the western Alan king 535: 39: 6965: 6855: 5290: 3574:

Andrew H. Merrills, "Vandals, Romans and Berbers: New Perspectives on Late Antique North Africa", 2004,

2121: 1664: 1630: 1267: 975: 895:(in about 330) granted them lands on the right bank of the Danube, they lived for the next sixty years. 892: 860: 156: 144: 93: 4266:, a great admirer of Leo quite willing to adjust a date or bend a point (Steven Muhlberger, "Prosper's 1474: 1217: 3611:

Archaeological Fieldwork and Opportunities Bulletin. Archaeological Institute of America. 2002. p. 63.

1732:

faction within the royal family led a revolt, raising the banner of national Arianism, and his cousin

1329:, to denote the inclusion of the Alans of northern Africa into his alliance. His forces also occupied 978:, probably while it was frozen, to invade Gaul, which they devastated terribly. Under Godigisel's son 8109: 8057: 7056: 7027: 6930: 5321:

Clover, Frank M: The Late Roman West and the Vandals. Aldershot 1993 (Collected studies series 401),

5150: 4723:

Conant, Jonathan (2004). "Literacy and Private Documentation in Vandal North Africa: The Case of the

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era, and appears to have been ritually cursed – likely by the Anglo-Saxons – before being abandoned.

753:

In the 2nd century, two or three distinct Vandal peoples came to the attention of Roman authors, the

745:(ruled 117–38), showing the location of the Vandilii East Germanic tribes, then inhabiting the upper 1581: 1133:

Genseric is often regarded by historians as the most able barbarian leader of the Migration Period.

8119: 8042: 8022: 7892: 7105: 6505: 6113: 5346: 5191: 2317: 1817: 1353: 1275: 967: 799: 270: 60:

various clothes and ornaments, both ancient and modern, diligently depicted in nature". Painted by

2974: 833:

Reconstruction of an Iron Age warrior's garments representing a Vandalic man, with his hair in a "

456:. However, modern scholars derive "Wend" from "Veneti", and do not equate the Veneti and Vandals. 8067: 7972: 7275: 7127: 7066: 6955: 6887: 6863: 5027: 3654: 3638: 3575: 2881: 2470: 1829: 1821: 1478: 1391: 1375: 1271: 908: 527: 247: 5105: 2935:"The Terms Wende-Winde, Wendisch-Windisch in the Historiographic Tradition of the Slovene Lands" 4984:

Merrills, Andy (2004). "Vandals, Romans and Berbers: Understanding Late Antique North Africa".

4803: 4728: 2910: 1561:

In the 470s, the Romans abandoned their policy of war against the Vandals. The Western general

1485:

In 456 a Vandal fleet of 60 ships threatening both Gaul and Italy was ambushed and defeated at

479:. The connection is considered tenuous at best and more plausibly the result of chance, though 8099: 8052: 7051: 6902: 6877: 6800: 6795: 6788: 6733: 6338: 5594: 5525: 5498: 5487: 5459: 5427: 5408: 5397: 5387: 5359: 5337: 5322: 5253: 5225: 5195: 5154: 5119: 5084: 5059: 5033: 5012: 4991: 4970: 4949: 4920: 4888: 4856: 4832: 4809: 4781: 4756: 4734: 4724: 4669: 4648: 4610: 4512: 4506: 4268: 4263: 4188: 3834: 3687: 3646: 3579: 3510: 3170: 3126: 3086: 3072: 3064: 3040: 2956: 2584: 2564: 2556: 2518: 2486: 2482: 1794: 1519: 1490: 1435: 1412: 1174: 1134: 1094: 1086: 1007: 851: 719: 713: 694: 531: 472: 401: 386: 290: 172: 116: 89: 5477:

Anderen vom Mittelalter bis heute (Wiener Studien zur Skandinavistik 15, Wien 2006) 242–252.

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The Vandals' traditional reputation: a coloured steel engraving of the Sack of Rome (455) by

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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the

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and Silingi Vandals who voluntarily subjected themselves to the rule of Hasdingian leader

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The Barbarians: Warriors & Wars of the Dark Ages, Tim Newark (Blandford Press, 1985).

1378:

was officially recognized as an independent kingdom in former Roman territory instead of

780:(or Astingi), led by the kings Raus and Rapt (or Rhaus and Raptus) moved south, entering 4184:

Christianity in Roman Africa: The Development of Its Practices and Beliefs– Google Knihy

2767: 8062: 7757: 7541: 7205: 6892: 6629: 5497:

Walter Pohl: Die Völkerwanderung. Eroberung und Integration. Stuttgart 2002, S. 70–86,

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Till Goths, and Vandals, a rude Northern race, / Did all the matchless Monuments deface

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and claimed the Western throne. Petronius then forced Valentinian III's widow, empress

1424: 1291: 1287: 1200: 678: 674: 441: 354: 286: 219: 155:

and, fearing that they might be targeted next, the Vandals were also pushed westwards,

85: 61: 1653: 1550:

at Kenipolis with heavy losses. In retaliation, the Vandals took 500 hostages at

822:, and other Vandals, probably Hasdingi in the Carpathian region, were associated with 8088: 7618: 7516: 7479: 7439: 7305: 7034: 6993: 6659: 6617: 6575: 5450: 5279: 5047: 4941: 4566:

Dryden, John, "To Sir Godfrey Kneller", 1694. Dryden also wrote of Renaissance Italy

3720: 3715: 3014: 1736:(530–534) became king. Hilderic, Hoamer and their relatives were thrown into prison. 1404: 1298: 1039: 916: 468: 362: 282: 3658: 1228:(422–431 CE), who was defeated by the Vandals. Legends: DOMINUS NOSTRIS / CARTAGINE. 994: 806:

had defeated the Vandals and Burgundians near a river (sometimes proposed to be the

788:

area. Together with the Hasdingi were the Lacringi, who were possibly also Vandals.

381:, meaning 'water', based on the idea that the tribe was originally located near the 151:

from the east forced many Germanic tribes to migrate west into the territory of the

7210: 7200: 7183: 7000: 6653: 6641: 6635: 6611: 6605: 6539: 6187: 6125: 6093: 6033: 6021: 5884: 5840: 5372:

Hans-Joachim Diesner: Das Vandalenreich. Aufstieg und Untergang. Stuttgart 1966. 5.

5140: 3923: 2572: 2309: 1775: 1681: 1382:. The Empire retained western Numidia and the two Mauretanian provinces until 455. 1371: 1349: 1252: 1147: 834: 807: 727: 593: 504: 422: 251: 152: 97: 17: 5426:, 1848. Reprinted 2006 (unabridged with editorial comments) Evolution Publishing, 4716:

The Cambridge Ancient History. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, A.D. 425–600

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The Cambridge Ancient History. Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors, A.D. 425–600

1813: 5243: 5218: 5185: 5144: 5109: 5074: 5006: 4985: 4910: 4878: 4846: 4771: 4665:

A History of Spain from the Earliest Times to the Death of Ferdinand the Catholic

4600: 3873: 1522:, it became important to the Roman Empire to destroy the Vandal kingdom. In 460, 911:, was described as being of Vandal descent. Vandals raided the Roman province of 429:

that the Vandalic kings were descended from Aurvandil (comparable to the case of

7692: 7650: 7573: 7486: 7354: 7344: 7255: 7039: 6782: 6682: 6647: 6593: 6581: 6563: 6551: 6527: 6281: 6027: 5991: 5931: 5872: 5375:

Helmut Castritius: Die Vandalen. Etappen einer Spurensuche. Stuttgart u.a. 2007.

2544: 2494: 1805: 1743: 1694: 1639: 1543: 1416: 1163: 670: 480: 437: 426: 414: 350: 266: 255: 246:. They fended off several Roman attempts to recapture the African province, and 124: 2872:, University of California publications: Folklore studies, nr. 19, 1968, p. 53. 1066:

to accept the Alan crown. Later Vandal kings in North Africa styled themselves

737: 452:, which has been used for various Slavic-speaking groups and is still used for 7869: 7657: 7640: 7588: 7578: 7563: 7531: 7521: 7399: 7349: 7225: 7220: 7188: 6907: 6743: 6587: 6569: 6545: 6485: 6467: 6447: 6258: 6252: 6084: 5961: 5943: 5878: 5817: 5804: 5775: 5730: 5687: 5664: 5407:

L'Afrique vandale et Byzantine. Teil 2, Turnhout 2003 (Antiquité Tardive 11),

5396:

L'Afrique vandale et Byzantine. Teil 1. Turnhout 2002 (Antiquité Tardive 10),

4705:

Cameron, Averil (2000). "The Vandal conquest and Vandal rule (A.D. 429–534)".

3241:"The Geography of Claudius Ptolemy", Book II, Chapter 10: "Greater Germany"". 2490: 2304: 2295: 2279: 1904: 1898: 1752: 1690: 1669: 1645: 1531: 1506: 1462: 1240: 1222: 1055: 939: 920: 872: 868: 476: 445: 4327:

J.B. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, 1958 edition, pp. 254, 327, 410

4053: 2960: 2706:"History of Europe: Barbarian migrations and invasions: The Germans and Huns" 1538:, capturing the Western fleet, and destroying the Eastern through the use of 7992: 7987: 7864: 7859: 7849: 7782: 7687: 7583: 7546: 7536: 7496: 7449: 7444: 7394: 7334: 7260: 7250: 7230: 7193: 7178: 6623: 6599: 6441: 6411: 6393: 6381: 6228: 6210: 6131: 6119: 6063: 5955: 5896: 5831: 5812: 5794: 5786: 5435: 4644: 4540: 3999: 3995: 3966: 3962: 2568: 2534: 2460: 1956: 1874: 1853: 1649: 1551: 1539: 1379: 1248: 1182: 1151: 1051: 1047: 1035: 1015: 983: 943: 811: 701: 620: 409: 342: 278: 274: 195: 184: 3650: 2951: 2934: 1366:

secured peace with the Vandals in 442. Under the treaty the Vandals gained

1054:, who invaded Iberia on the orders of the Romans before receiving lands in 555: 4987:

Vandals, Romans and Berbers: New Perspectives on Late Antique North Africa

4805:

Vandals, Romans and Berbers: New Perspectives on Late Antique North Africa

4730:

Vandals, Romans and Berbers: New Perspectives on Late Antique North Africa

1836:

states that "Gelimer was honourably treated and received large estates in

8047: 7837: 7822: 7802: 7787: 7767: 7742: 7727: 7722: 7702: 7672: 7662: 7613: 7603: 7598: 7429: 7414: 7389: 7369: 7339: 7329: 7324: 7295: 7290: 7280: 7215: 7173: 6882: 6710: 6692: 6533: 6521: 6453: 6435: 6429: 6417: 6405: 6387: 6357: 6299: 6264: 6240: 6234: 6200: 6009: 6003: 5997: 5979: 5973: 5967: 5908: 5848: 5740: 5735: 5703: 5697: 5653: 5629: 4777: 4262:

account of the event was followed by his continuator in the 6th century,

2498: 2270: 2045: 2036: 1910: 1886: 1880: 1841: 1798: 1729: 1713: 1617: 1612: 1608: 1600: 1592: 1587: 1523: 1498: 1451: 1367: 1330: 1309: 1256: 1167: 1119: 1102: 1090: 1082: 1063: 1011: 1003: 979: 904: 888: 863:. At the time, these Vandals were living in lands later inhabited by the 846: 819: 815: 792: 777: 762: 758: 636: 559:

Germanic and Proto-Slavic tribes of Central Europe around 3rd century BC.

516: 496: 417:

to mean 'Shining Vandal'. Much forwarded the theory that the tribal name

382: 322: 235: 211: 203: 176: 168: 132: 1652:

which was lost in 491 and had to withstand increasing pressure from the

1262:

Advancing eastwards along the coast, the Vandals were confronted on the

1130:(Mérida), the see city of Roman administration for the whole peninsula. 8027: 8002: 7854: 7842: 7807: 7797: 7792: 7772: 7762: 7737: 7677: 7635: 7608: 7526: 7459: 7454: 7434: 7424: 7379: 7374: 7364: 7359: 7300: 7285: 7235: 6775: 6557: 6515: 6479: 6473: 6375: 6369: 6363: 6351: 6345: 6270: 6246: 6154: 6148: 6101: 6057: 6051: 5985: 5949: 5937: 5925: 5902: 5860: 5854: 5756: 5750: 5643: 5177:

Religiões da Lusitania na parte que principalmente se refere a Portugal

5080: 2975:"Vandali (Vandals) (Germans): Incorporating the Asdingas & Silingi" 2420: 2411: 2128: 1939: 1916: 1892: 1868: 1837: 1760: 1733: 1702: 1635: 1604: 1570: 1562: 1555: 1547: 1497:. In 457 a mixed Vandal-Berber army returning with loot from a raid in 1494: 1334: 1263: 1114: 1075: 1070:("King of the Vandals and Alans"). In 419 AD the Hasdingi Vandals were 1059: 1023: 1019: 974:

they managed to defeat the Franks, and on December 31, 405 the Vandals

927: 884: 880: 867:, where they were surrounded "on the east the Goths, on the west the 766: 754: 746: 742: 665: 661: 632: 605: 464: 231: 180: 112: 108: 3833:

Late Roman Spain and its Cities, Michael Kulikowsi, 2004, pp. 173-180

3642: 810:, and sent many of them to Britain. During this same period, the 11th 377:), meaning 'to wind'. Alternatively, it has been derived from a root * 8012: 7874: 7827: 7812: 7777: 7752: 7717: 7712: 7645: 7630: 7568: 7506: 7491: 7469: 7419: 7409: 7404: 7317: 7312: 7270: 7240: 6762: 6496: 6423: 6325: 6319: 6166: 6160: 5866: 1809: 1790: 1505:

in a surprise attack by Western Emperor Majorian at the mouth of the

1239:

According to Procopius, the Vandals came to Africa at the request of

955: 912: 876: 864: 823: 785: 657: 597: 460: 314: 227: 81: 5563: 4639:. Studies in the Early Middle Ages. Vol. 32. pp. 537–569. 4632: 1526:

launched an expedition against the Vandals, but was defeated at the

639:, who were Suebians living on the Elbe, and stretching to the Oder. 6815: 5278: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the 3634: 1832:

frontier. Some entered the private service of Belisarius. The 1913

966:, around 20,000 Vandals, including Godigisel himself, died in this 361:. The etymology of the name remains unclear. According to linguist 7747: 7732: 7707: 7697: 7682: 7625: 7593: 7558: 7553: 7511: 7501: 7384: 7245: 7088: 6719: 6331: 6045: 6039: 6015: 5890: 5767: 5722: 5447:

Ludwig Schmidt: Geschichte der Wandalen. 2. Auflage, München 1942.

3686:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 94–95. 2560: 2514: 2501:

in modern Germany. The title "King of the Wends" is translated as

2464: 2438: 1780: 1771: 1748: 1725: 1685: 1656: 1580: 1395: 1326: 1302: 1244: 1216: 1208: 1186:) is derived from the Arabic adoption of the name of the Vandals. 1143: 1043: 1031: 993: 971: 856: 828: 781: 736: 682: 651: 624: 568: 562: 554: 512: 453: 449: 300: 239: 207: 199: 160: 140: 120: 46: 2800:

Contrasting articles in Frank M. Clover and R.S. Humphreys, eds,

2437:

All Vandals that modern historians know about were able to speak

1766:

On December 15, 533, Gelimer and Belisarius clashed again at the

982:, the Vandals plundered their way westward and southward through 8017: 7817: 7464: 6172: 6069: 5355:

F. Papencordt's Geschichte der vandalischen Herrschaft in Afrika

4250:

Ralph W. Mathisen, Petronius Maximus (17 March 455 - 22 May 455)

959: 567:

Tribes of Central Europe in the mid-1st century AD. The Vandals/

206:. Gunderic was then pushed from Gallaecia to Baetica by a Roman- 167:

along with other tribes in 406. In 409, the Vandals crossed the

164: 148: 104: 7945: 6819: 5567: 5554: 4568:

reviving from the trance/Of Vandal, Goth and Monkish ignorance.

1461:

offers the only fifth-century report that, on 2 June 455, Pope

1430:

In an effort to bring the Vandals into the fold of the Empire,

4718:. Vol. XIV. Cambridge University Press. pp. 124–126. 4709:. Vol. XIV. Cambridge University Press. pp. 553–559. 4311: 4309: 3602:, "Wandalowie i ich afrykańskie państwo" p. 59, Warszawa 1992. 1845: 1759:; the Vandals were winning the battle until Gelimer's brother 483:

is considered the probable homeland of the tribe prior to the

5520:: Les Maures et l'Afrique romaine. 4e.-7e. siècle. Rom 2003 ( 3684:

Barbarian Tides: The Migration Age and the Later Roman Empire

2870:

The divine twins: an Indo-European myth in Germanic tradition

2814: 2812: 2810: 958:, who populated and controlled Romanized regions in northern 143:

around 330 AD, where they received permission to settle from

5032:. Vol. 2. University of California Press. p. 281. 4633:"Hidden Tracks: On the Vandal's Paths to an African Kingdom" 2525:

dropped the title in 1973 and now styles himself simply as "

64:

in the second half of the 16th century and preserved in the

4773:

Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation

1542:. Following up the attack, the Vandals tried to invade the 1481:

and tribes after the end of the Western Roman Empire in 476

588:

in a broad way to define one of the major groupings of all

635:

who were later counted as Vandals, as living south of the

400:, both literally meaning 'Vandal-sea' and designating the 30:"Vandal" and "Vandali" redirect here. For other uses, see 5318:

Christian Courtois: Les Vandales et l'Afrique. Paris 1955

1518:

As a result of the Vandal sack of Rome and piracy in the

4802:

George, Judith (2004). "Vandal Poets in their Context".

4375: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4181:

Patout Burns, J.; Jensen, Robin M. (November 30, 2014).

3225: 3223: 2868:

reflects the worship of the Divine Twins." Donald Ward,

1716:(523–530) was the Vandal king most tolerant towards the 51:

Vandalic gold foil jewellery from the 3rd or 4th century

5522:

Bibliothèque des Écoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome

2563:, to describe the destruction of artwork following the 440:

authors equated two classical ethnonyms, "Vandals" and

5310: 4545:. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & Söner. p. 188. 2829: 2827: 2590:

Timeline of Germanic kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula

887:

was killed. The Vandals then migrated to neighbouring

592:. Tribes within this category who he mentions are the 459:

The name of the Vandals has been connected to that of

115:

from around 120 BC. They are associated with the

4827:

Deep into Mani: Journey to the Southern Tip of Greece

2477:

Since the Middle Ages, kings of Denmark were styled "

1213:

The Vandal Kingdom at its greatest extent in the 470s

4315: 1232:

The Vandals under Genseric (also known as Geiseric)

571:

are depicted in green, in the area of modern Poland.

7883: 7164: 7126: 6916: 6870: 6761: 6742: 6718: 6709: 6691: 6673: 6504: 6495: 6298: 6280: 6219: 6186: 6141: 6092: 6083: 5918: 5839: 5830: 5803: 5785: 5766: 5721: 5663: 5628: 4963:Mallory, James P.; Adams, Douglas Q., eds. (1997). 1693:may be this bearded figure on the right of Emperor 1093:, Gunderic created widespread havoc in the western 1074:by a joint Roman-Suebi coalition. Gunderic fled to 369:('turned, twisted'), itself derived from the verb * 103:The Vandals migrated to the area between the lower 5294:. Vol. 15. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 5217: 5051: 4824: 2571:" groups had long been blamed for the fall of the 1705:, which celebrates the reconquest of Italy by the 898:In the late 4th century and early 5th, the famous 495:As the Vandals eventually came to live outside of 273:writers characterized the Vandals as prototypical 5386:, Volume 2 of Baker History of the Church, 2005, 4823:Greenhalgh, P. A. L.; Eliopoulos, Edward (1985), 4714:Collins, Roger (2000). "Vandal Africa, 429–533". 3874:"Breve historia del reino suevo de Gallaecia (1)" 879:)." The Vandals were attacked by the Gothic king 471:of Swedish prehistory, corresponding to the late 365:, it may stem from the Proto-Germanic adjective * 265:As the Vandals plundered Rome for fourteen days, 198:invaded Iberia in 418. They almost wiped out the 4401: 4399: 1344:The impression given by ancient sources such as 962:. According to the Frigeridus fragment cited by 722:itself, but it is believed to be of the extinct 4164: 4162: 1774:fell in battle. Belisarius quickly advanced to 915:in the winter of 401/402. From this, historian 139:, the Vandals were confined to Pannonia by the 111:rivers in the second century BC and settled in 4416: 4414: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4143: 3946: 3944: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3846: 2981:. English Place-name Society. 31 December 1999 2850:. Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. p. 487. 907:(died 408), the chief minister of the Emperor 519:(early Scandinavians), were counted among the 7957: 6831: 5579: 4579: 4077: 4021: 3867: 3865: 3821: 3809: 3540: 3482: 3451: 3447: 3445: 3161:; Singleton, Charles; Jones, Spencer (eds.). 8: 3733:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 3401: 3313: 3119:The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology 2746: 1724:. When Hoamer suffered a defeat against the 580:The earliest mention of the Vandals is from 305:Neck ring with plug clasp from the Vandalic 6862:origin primarily identified as speakers of 5336:-Schloss Bevern ... Nordstemmen 2003. 5307:"Vandals Exhibit Sacks Some Cultural Myths" 5076:Defending Rome: The Masters of the Soldiers 4946:The Fall of the Roman Empire: A New History 4542:Sweden: Historical and statistical handbook 4036: 4034: 4032: 4030: 3742: 3740: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 1709:under the skillful leadership of Belisarius 855:, the Hasdingi came into conflict with the 389:in Denmark). The stem can also be found in 258:'s forces reconquered the province for the 7964: 7950: 7942: 6838: 6824: 6816: 6715: 6501: 6089: 5836: 5782: 5586: 5572: 5564: 5551: 3493: 3491: 3297: 3295: 2802:Tradition and Innovation in Late Antiquity 1595:. Legends: D N HILDIRIX REX / KARTG FELIX. 1415:was so substantial that the sea's name in 5245:The Roman Empire and Its Germanic Peoples 4505:Norman Berdichevsky (21 September 2011). 3856: 2950: 2894:Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum 1301:, to send an army to North Africa led by 467:, Sweden, which is also eponymous of the 119:and were possibly the same people as the 80:who first inhabited what is now southern 5420:Philip Henry Stanhope, 5th Earl Stanhope 5184:Waldman, Carl; Mason, Catherine (2006). 4808:. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 133–144. 4733:. Ashgate Publishing. pp. 199–224. 4668:. Vol. 1. Year Books. p. 410. 4348: 4134: 4122: 4040: 3374: 3286: 3163:The Oxford Companion to Military History 2818: 1473: 54: 7903:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England 6308:List of legendary kings of the Lombards 5005:Merrills, Andy; Miles, Richard (2010). 4753:Altnordisches Etymologisches Worterbuch 4456: 4420: 4390: 4379: 4360: 4300: 4288: 4168: 4153: 4110: 4089: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4004: 3983: 3971: 3950: 3898: 3805: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3795: 3786: 3528: 3497: 3385: 3383: 3301: 2999: 2788: 2611: 1607:subjects (including both Catholics and 728:4th-century translation of the Gospels. 250:in 455. Their kingdom collapsed in the 214:(reigned 428–477), the Vandals entered 5556:Articles and topics related to Vandals 4492: 4480: 4468: 4187:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. 3229: 5546:Kingdom of the Vandals – location map 4966:Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture 4912:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: P–Z 4880:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F–O 4848:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A–E 3910: 2757: 2755: 2419: 2417: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2400: 2398: 2396: 2394: 2392: 2390: 2388: 2386: 2370: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2340: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2332: 2330: 2315: 2313: 2303: 2294: 2292: 2287: 2285: 2278: 2276: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2221: 2205: 2203: 2201: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2144: 2142: 2140: 2138: 2136: 2134: 2127: 2115: 2089: 2065: 2063: 2061: 2055: 2044: 2042: 2035: 2033: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2016: 1998: 1982: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1938: 1936: 1934: 1932: 1930: 421:reflects worship of Aurvandil or the 210:coalition in 419. In 429, under king 7: 6796:List of legendary kings of the Geats 4444: 4432: 4405: 4336: 3389: 2833: 2507:Suecorum, Gothorum et Vandalorum Rex 1002:On October 13, 409 they crossed the 407:The Germanic mythological figure of 4570:("To the Earl of Roscommon", 1680). 3748:"Spain: Visigothic Spain to c. 500" 2846:Corazza, Vittoria Dolcetti (1986). 1924:Family tree of the kings of Vandals 1097:. In 425, the Vandals pillaged the 923:' invasion of Italy in 405–406 AD. 277:. This led to the use of the term " 6728:List of legendary kings of Denmark 3078:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium 1423:(i. e. Sea of the Vandals). After 1014:received land from the Romans, as 791:In about 271 AD the Roman Emperor 772:These peoples appeared during the 733:Introduction into the Roman Empire 631:Ptolemy furthermore mentioned the 285:, in the transitional period from 25: 6771:List of legendary kings of Sweden 5485:History of the Vandal Persecution 5288:". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 5179:. Vol. 3. Imprensa Nacional. 5175:Vasconcellos, José Leite (1913). 4508:An Introduction to Danish Culture 4279:.3 (July 1986), pp 240–244). 3188:Vandals were a Germanic people... 1205:Vandalic conquest of Roman Africa 194:On the orders of the Romans, the 7926: 7925: 5510:Grosser Atlas zur Weltgeschichte 5273: 5187:Encyclopedia of European Peoples 5054:A Handbook of Germanic Etymology 4316:Greenhalgh & Eliopoulos 1985 4272:: was there an edition of 443?" 3707: 970:, but then with the help of the 431:many other Germanic tribal names 7908:Christianization of Scandinavia 5029:Ancient Civilizations of Africa 4549:from the original on 2013-05-26 4201:from the original on 2016-12-26 4060:from the original on 2017-10-20 3930:from the original on 2017-08-10 3880:from the original on 2012-01-07 3430:from the original on 2013-08-28 3209:from the original on 2013-05-30 3032:The Oxford Classical Dictionary 2979:Kingdoms of the Germanic Tribes 2721:from the original on 2014-07-14 839:Archaeological Museum of Kraków 718:Very little is known about the 7898:Christianization of the Franks 6971:Continental Germanic mythology 5351:Byzantium: The Early Centuries 5250:University of California Press 3876:(in Spanish). Celtiberia.net. 3777:Vasconcellos 1913, p. 551 3753:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 3420:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2766:. Roman Empire. Archived from 2711:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2680:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2649:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2489:", the Wends being a group of 1546:, but were driven back by the 875:and on the south the Hister ( 1: 8105:5th century in sub-Roman Gaul 5744: 5711: 5707: 5691: 5678: 5674: 5669: 5647: 5634: 5620: 5612: 3758:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 3425:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 3058:Vandals, a Germanic people... 2716:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2685:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2654:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 1493:by the Western Roman general 1038:(West) and the region around 704:and occasionally inhumation. 604:(otherwise unknown), and the 34:. For more information about 5312:International Herald Tribune 3104:Vandals... a Germanic people 1864:Known kings of the Vandals: 1170:River while trying to flee. 463:, the name of a province in 254:of 533–34, in which Emperor 36:vandalism on Knowledge (XXG) 7913:Christianization of Iceland 4770:Frassetto, Michael (2003). 4694:Bury, John Bagnell (1923). 4662:Burke, Ulick Ralph (1900). 4225:Online Etymology Dictionary 3872:Cossue (28 November 2005). 2575:by writers and historians. 1577:Domestic religious tensions 1278:for many Roman Christians. 538:, they are classified as a 499:, they were not considered 147:. Around 400, raids by the 137:Crisis of the Third Century 8146: 6701:List of monarchs of Frisia 5284:Löffler, Klemens (1912). " 5116:Cambridge University Press 4917:Greenwood Publishing Group 4885:Greenwood Publishing Group 4853:Greenwood Publishing Group 4700:. Vol. II. Macmillan. 4635:. In Curta, Florin (ed.). 4511:. McFarland. p. 163. 3415:"Germany: Ancient History" 2458: 1679: 1511: 1389: 1198: 1068:Rex Wandalorum et Alanorum 711: 692: 649: 526:Since the Vandals spoke a 29: 7983: 7921: 6853: 6290:List of kings of Burgundy 5601: 5561: 5384:Christians and Barbarians 5111:Our Forefathers, Volume 2 5073:Reynolds, Julian (2011). 5011:. John Wiley & Sons. 4631:Berndt, Guido M. (2010). 4580:Merrills & Miles 2010 4078:Merrills & Miles 2010 4022:Merrills & Miles 2010 3822:Merrills & Miles 2010 3810:Merrills & Miles 2010 3541:Merrills & Miles 2010 3483:Merrills & Miles 2010 3452:Merrills & Miles 2010 2380: 2378: 2376: 2368: 2364: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2326: 2301: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2233: 2231: 2229: 2219: 2215: 2213: 2211: 2199: 2195: 2193: 2191: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2169: 2167: 2153: 2125: 2109: 2107: 2105: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2087: 2083: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2059: 2057: 2010: 2008: 2006: 1996: 1992: 1990: 1988: 507:authors. Neither another 40:Knowledge (XXG):Vandalism 7151:North Germanic languages 7136:Germanic parent language 6752:Petty kingdoms of Norway 4969:. Taylor & Francis. 4755:(1977 ed.). Brill. 3913:, p. 410 (Volume 1) 3901:, p. 281 (Volume 2) 3682:Goffart, Walter (2006). 3402:Mallory & Adams 1997 3314:Waldman & Mason 2006 2764:"History of the Vandals" 2747:Waldman & Mason 2006 1943:king of Hasdingi Vandals 1599:Differences between the 1234:crossed to Africa in 429 1173:It is possible that the 1150:who had managed to take 1046:also controlled part of 425:, possibly involving an 413:has been interpreted by 311:Kunsthistorisches Museum 307:Treasure of Osztrópataka 224:Roman province of Africa 191:(south-central Iberia). 66:Ghent University Library 8115:5th century in Hispania 7975:established around the 7156:West Germanic languages 7146:East Germanic languages 7141:Proto-Germanic language 6961:Proto-Germanic folklore 6898:Romano-Germanic culture 5607:(ca. 3,000 BC–500 AD), 5315:, August 25, 2001. 5220:The Inheritance of Rome 5216:Wickham, Chris (2009). 4645:10.1484/M.SEM-EB.3.5097 4607:Bristol Classical Press 3730:Encyclopædia Britannica 3344:"Land and People, p.25" 3167:Oxford University Press 3123:Oxford University Press 3083:Oxford University Press 3037:Oxford University Press 2473:(1824–1904), c. 1860–80 1808:. Many Vandals went to 1190:Kingdom in North Africa 741:The Roman empire under 576:Early classical sources 357:form reconstructed as * 248:sacked the city of Rome 187:(northwest Iberia) and 32:Vandal (disambiguation) 8130:Early Germanic peoples 5424:The Life of Belisarius 4990:. Ashgate Publishing. 4909:Jaques, Tony (2007c). 4877:Jaques, Tony (2007b). 4845:Jaques, Tony (2007a). 3203:"Natural History 4.28" 2952:10.7152/ssj.v12i1.3797 2555:was coined in 1794 by 2474: 2415:king of Vandals, Alans 2299:king of Vandals, Alans 2283:king of Vandals, Alans 2274:king of Vandals, Alans 2132:king of Vandals, Alans 2049:king of Vandals, Alans 2040:king of Vandals, Alans 1801: 1710: 1662:According to the 1913 1628:According to the 1913 1596: 1482: 1408: 1229: 1214: 1154:. This Suebi army was 1122:, who although he was 999: 842: 802:reported that emperor 750: 611:Tacitus mentioned the 572: 560: 536:early Germanic culture 448:, leading to the term 444:, and applied both to 353:, all going back to a 318: 100:in the fifth century. 69: 52: 6966:Anglo-Saxon mythology 6856:Ethnolinguistic group 6778:(9th–12th centuries) 5615:300–538 AD), and the 5291:Catholic Encyclopedia 5151:John Wiley & Sons 4539:J. Guinchard (1914). 3356:on September 26, 2007 3333:, p.298, footnote 47. 3073:Kazhdan, Alexander P. 3025:; Spawforth, Antony; 2468: 2459:Further information: 2122:Valentinianic dynasty 1834:Catholic Encyclopedia 1784: 1697:in the mosaic in the 1689: 1665:Catholic Encyclopedia 1631:Catholic Encyclopedia 1584: 1477: 1399: 1296:Eastern Roman Emperor 1220: 1212: 1146:under the command of 997: 893:Constantine the Great 861:Constantine the Great 832: 740: 566: 558: 511:-speaking group, the 304: 220:established a kingdom 145:Constantine the Great 94:Mediterranean islands 58: 50: 8033:Kingdom of the Aurès 7993:Anglo-Saxon kingdoms 6730:(7th–10th centuries) 4637:Neglected Barbarians 2595:Vandal War (439-442) 1768:Battle of Tricamarum 1757:Battle of Ad Decimum 1699:Church of San Vitale 1514:Vandal War (461-468) 1459:Prosper of Aquitaine 1318:Africa Proconsularis 1284:Western Roman Empire 1251:, who captured both 1180:(and its derivative 1022:(Northwest) and the 871:, on the north the 584:, who used the term 542:by modern scholars. 260:Eastern Roman Empire 8043:Ostrogothic kingdom 7893:Gothic Christianity 6316:(5th-6th centuries) 6310:(3rd-4th centuries) 6114:Theodoric the Great 5347:John Julius Norwich 5192:Infobase Publishing 5081:Xlibris Corporation 5026:Mokhtar, G (1981). 4831:, Faber and Faber, 4274:Classical Philology 3404:, pp. 217, 301 3015:Heather, Peter John 2909:Roland Steinacher " 2848:Il mare dei Germani 2821:, pp. 653–654. 2493:formerly living in 2318:Theodoric the Great 1828:, stationed on the 1818:Ostrogothic Kingdom 1785:Vandal cavalryman, 1528:Battle of Cartagena 1354:Fulgentius of Ruspe 1276:conversion or death 1030:(South), while the 968:Vandal-Frankish war 859:around the time of 761:, and possibly the 222:which included the 84:. They established 27:East Germanic tribe 18:King of the Vandals 8068:Visigothic kingdom 8028:Kingdom of Odoacer 7998:Burgundian kingdom 7988:Alamannian kingdom 7973:Barbarian kingdoms 7276:Germani cisrhenani 6984:Funerary practices 6888:Pre-Roman Iron Age 6864:Germanic languages 5441:2015-06-07 at the 5378:Ivor J. Davidson, 4495:, pp. 138–139 4471:, pp. 199–200 4447:, pp. 124–150 4435:, pp. 133–135 4363:, pp. 125–126 4113:, pp. 553–554 4092:, pp. 124–125 4043:, pp. 130–131 3986:, pp. 197–198 3576:Ashgate Publishing 3516:2013-11-05 at the 3470:2021-02-21 at the 3248:2022-11-02 at the 3065:Hitchner, R. Bruce 2916:2007-01-19 at the 2882:Annales Alamannici 2862:Wandalische Götter 2749:, pp. 821–825 2675:"Germanic peoples" 2475: 2471:Heinrich Leutemann 2321:king of Ostrogoths 2022:West Roman Emperor 1826:Vandali Iustiniani 1822:Visigothic Kingdom 1802: 1711: 1603:Vandals and their 1597: 1483: 1479:Barbarian kingdoms 1409: 1392:Sack of Rome (455) 1270:the city. Inside, 1230: 1215: 1000: 843: 751: 573: 561: 534:) and belonged to 475:leading up to the 319: 70: 53: 8082: 8081: 8076: 8075: 8053:Sub-Roman Britain 8023:Kingdom of Altava 7939: 7938: 7111:Gothic and Vandal 6903:Germanic Iron Age 6878:Nordic Bronze Age 6860:Northern European 6813: 6812: 6809: 6808: 6801:King of the Goths 6754:(6th–9th century) 6734:King of the Wends 6669: 6668: 6182: 6181: 6079: 6078: 5826: 5825: 5617:Germanic Iron Age 5595:Germanic monarchs 5364:978-3-7868-1489-4 5231:978-0-670-02098-0 5224:. Penguin Books. 5201:978-1-4381-2918-1 5160:978-1-4051-3756-0 5146:The Early Germans 5125:978-1-107-67723-4 5065:978-90-04-12875-0 5048:Orel, Vladimir E. 5039:978-0-520-06697-7 5018:978-1-4051-6068-1 4997:978-0-7546-4145-2 4976:978-1-884964-98-5 4955:978-0-333-98914-2 4838:978-0-571-13523-3 4815:978-0-7546-4145-2 4762:978-90-04-05436-3 4740:978-0-7546-4145-2 4725:Albertini Tablets 4675:978-1-4437-4054-8 4654:978-2-503-53125-0 4616:978-1-85399-503-3 4518:978-0-7864-6401-2 4269:Epitoma Chronicon 4264:Victor of Tunnuna 4194:978-0-8028-6931-9 3693:978-0-8122-3939-3 3329:, p.23; Goffart, 3023:Hornblower, Simon 2585:Migrations period 2565:French Revolution 2430: 2429: 1536:Battle of Cap Bon 1436:Petronius Maximus 1376:barbarian kingdom 1135:Michael Frassetto 1087:Battle of Tarraco 1008:Iberian peninsula 976:crossed the Rhine 883:, and their king 720:Vandalic language 714:Vandalic language 695:Przeworsk culture 689:Przeworsk culture 528:Germanic language 473:Germanic Iron Age 402:Mediterranean Sea 309:displayed at the 291:Early Middle Ages 173:Iberian Peninsula 123:. Expanding into 117:Przeworsk culture 90:Iberian Peninsula 16:(Redirected from 8137: 8003:Frankish kingdom 7977:Migration Period 7966: 7959: 7952: 7943: 7929: 7928: 7885:Christianization 7475:Ripuarian Franks 6847:Germanic peoples 6840: 6833: 6826: 6817: 6716: 6502: 6090: 5837: 5783: 5746: 5713: 5709: 5693: 5680: 5676: 5671: 5649: 5636: 5622: 5614: 5609:Migration Period 5588: 5581: 5574: 5565: 5552: 5514: 5483:Victor of Vita, 5334:Weserrenaissance 5295: 5277: 5276: 5263: 5235: 5223: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5180: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5106:Schütte, Gudmund 5101: 5099: 5097: 5069: 5057: 5043: 5022: 5001: 4980: 4959: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4873: 4871: 4869: 4841: 4830: 4819: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4766: 4744: 4719: 4710: 4701: 4690: 4688: 4687: 4678:. 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8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8087: 8086: 8080: 8079: 8074: 8073: 8071: 8070: 8065: 8063:Vandal kingdom 8060: 8055: 8050: 8048:Rugian kingdom 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7984: 7981: 7980: 7971: 7969: 7968: 7961: 7954: 7946: 7937: 7936: 7934: 7933: 7922: 7919: 7918: 7916: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7889: 7887: 7881: 7880: 7878: 7877: 7872: 7867: 7862: 7857: 7852: 7847: 7846: 7845: 7840: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7654: 7653: 7648: 7643: 7638: 7633: 7623: 7622: 7621: 7611: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7550: 7549: 7544: 7542:Thracian Goths 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7483: 7482: 7477: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7427: 7422: 7417: 7412: 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Written 484. 5481: 5474: 5467: 5456: 5453: 5448: 5445: 5416: 5405: 5394: 5382:, Chapter 11, 5380:A Public Faith 5376: 5373: 5370: 5367: 5356: 5353: 5344: 5329: 5319: 5316: 5301: 5298: 5297: 5296: 5265: 5264: 5259:978-0520085114 5258: 5236: 5230: 5213: 5200: 5181: 5172: 5159: 5137: 5124: 5102: 5090:978-1477164600 5089: 5070: 5064: 5044: 5038: 5023: 5017: 5002: 4996: 4981: 4975: 4960: 4954: 4942:Heather, Peter 4938: 4926:978-0313335396 4925: 4906: 4894:978-0313335389 4893: 4874: 4862:978-0313335372 4861: 4842: 4837: 4820: 4814: 4799: 4787:978-1576072639 4786: 4767: 4761: 4745: 4739: 4720: 4711: 4702: 4691: 4674: 4659: 4653: 4628: 4615: 4597:Anderson, John 4591: 4588: 4585: 4584: 4572: 4559: 4531: 4517: 4497: 4485: 4473: 4461: 4449: 4437: 4425: 4410: 4395: 4383: 4365: 4353: 4341: 4329: 4320: 4305: 4293: 4281: 4252: 4243: 4211: 4193: 4173: 4158: 4139: 4127: 4115: 4103: 4094: 4082: 4070: 4045: 4026: 4009: 3988: 3976: 3955: 3940: 3915: 3903: 3891: 3861: 3857:Frassetto 2003 3842: 3826: 3814: 3791: 3779: 3770: 3736: 3721:Chisholm, Hugh 3699: 3692: 3674: 3664: 3635:10.2307/526928 3613: 3604: 3592: 3567: 3558: 3545: 3533: 3521: 3502: 3487: 3475: 3456: 3441: 3406: 3394: 3379: 3367: 3335: 3318: 3306: 3291: 3279: 3266: 3253: 3234: 3232:, p. 549. 3219: 3194: 3192: 3191: 3175: 3147: 3131: 3121:(3 ed.). 3113:, ed. (2009). 3107: 3091: 3061: 3045: 3035:(4 ed.). 3004: 2992: 2966: 2922: 2902: 2898:Adam Bremensis 2886: 2874: 2853: 2838: 2836:, p. 446. 2823: 2806: 2793: 2791:, pp. 379 2781: 2751: 2732: 2697: 2666: 2635: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2580: 2577: 2557:Henri Grégoire 2527:King of Sweden 2509:("King of the 2503:vandalorum rex 2456: 2453: 2434: 2433:Latin literacy 2431: 2428: 2426: 2425: 2418: 2416: 2409: 2407: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2397: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2389: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2355: 2353: 2351: 2349: 2347: 2345: 2343: 2341: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2327: 2324: 2323: 2314: 2312: 2302: 2300: 2293: 2291: 2286: 2284: 2277: 2275: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2230: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2222: 2220: 2218: 2216: 2214: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2206: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2192: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2151: 2150: 2143: 2141: 2139: 2137: 2135: 2133: 2126: 2124: 2113: 2112: 2110: 2108: 2106: 2104: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2090: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2068: 2066: 2064: 2062: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2050: 2043: 2041: 2034: 2032: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2014: 2013: 2011: 2009: 2007: 2005: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1997: 1995: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1981: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1961: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1944: 1937: 1935: 1933: 1931: 1925: 1922: 1921: 1920: 1914: 1908: 1902: 1896: 1890: 1884: 1878: 1872: 1861: 1858: 1812:(today called 1707:Byzantine army 1680:Main article: 1677: 1674: 1625: 1622: 1578: 1575: 1512:Main article: 1471: 1468: 1425:Attila the Hun 1390:Main article: 1387: 1384: 1346:Victor of Vita 1292:Constantinople 1288:Galla Placidia 1201:Vandal Kingdom 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 991: 988: 951: 948: 935: 932: 734: 731: 712:Main article: 709: 706: 693:Main article: 690: 687: 679:Herwig Wolfram 675:Walter Goffart 650:Main article: 647: 644: 577: 574: 552: 549: 547: 544: 492: 491:Classification 489: 355:Proto-Germanic 298: 295: 287:Late Antiquity 218:. By 439 they 62:Lucas de Heere 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8142: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8092: 8090: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8034: 8031: 8029: 8026: 8024: 8021: 8019: 8018:Hunnic empire 8016: 8014: 8013:Gepid kingdom 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7985: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7967: 7962: 7960: 7955: 7953: 7948: 7947: 7944: 7932: 7924: 7923: 7920: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7882: 7876: 7873: 7871: 7868: 7866: 7863: 7861: 7858: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 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6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6869: 6865: 6861: 6857: 6852: 6848: 6841: 6836: 6834: 6829: 6827: 6822: 6821: 6818: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6790: 6787: 6785: 6784: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6768: 6766: 6764: 6760: 6753: 6750: 6749: 6747: 6745: 6741: 6735: 6732: 6729: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6708: 6702: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6690: 6684: 6681: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6672: 6661: 6660:Childeric III 6658: 6655: 6652: 6649: 6646: 6643: 6640: 6637: 6634: 6631: 6628: 6625: 6622: 6619: 6618:Theuderic III 6616: 6613: 6610: 6607: 6604: 6601: 6598: 6595: 6592: 6589: 6586: 6583: 6580: 6577: 6576:Childebert II 6574: 6571: 6568: 6565: 6562: 6559: 6556: 6553: 6550: 6547: 6544: 6541: 6538: 6536:(481/482–511) 6535: 6532: 6530:(457–481/482) 6529: 6526: 6524:(445/448–457) 6523: 6520: 6518:(428–445/448) 6517: 6514: 6513: 6511: 6507: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6494: 6487: 6484: 6481: 6478: 6475: 6472: 6469: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6452: 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5413:2-503-52262-9 5410: 5406: 5403: 5402:2-503-51275-5 5399: 5395: 5393: 5392:0-8010-1275-9 5389: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5374: 5371: 5368: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5342:3-9805898-6-2 5339: 5335: 5330: 5328: 5327:0-86078-354-5 5324: 5320: 5317: 5314: 5313: 5308: 5305:Blume, Mary. 5304: 5303: 5299: 5293: 5292: 5287: 5281: 5280:public domain 5272: 5271: 5270: 5269: 5261: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5246: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5227: 5222: 5221: 5214: 5203: 5197: 5193: 5189: 5188: 5182: 5178: 5173: 5162: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5147: 5142: 5141:Todd, Malcolm 5138: 5127: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5112: 5107: 5103: 5092: 5086: 5082: 5078: 5077: 5071: 5067: 5061: 5056: 5055: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5035: 5031: 5030: 5024: 5020: 5014: 5010: 5009: 5003: 4999: 4993: 4989: 4988: 4982: 4978: 4972: 4968: 4967: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4948:. Macmillan. 4947: 4943: 4939: 4928: 4922: 4918: 4914: 4913: 4907: 4896: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4881: 4875: 4864: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4849: 4843: 4840: 4834: 4829: 4828: 4821: 4817: 4811: 4807: 4806: 4800: 4789: 4783: 4779: 4775: 4774: 4768: 4764: 4758: 4754: 4750: 4749:de Vries, Jan 4746: 4742: 4736: 4732: 4731: 4726: 4721: 4717: 4712: 4708: 4703: 4699: 4698: 4692: 4682:on 2014-08-21 4681: 4677: 4671: 4667: 4666: 4660: 4656: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4629: 4618: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4603: 4598: 4594: 4593: 4589: 4581: 4576: 4573: 4569: 4563: 4560: 4548: 4544: 4543: 4535: 4532: 4520: 4514: 4510: 4509: 4501: 4498: 4494: 4489: 4486: 4483:, p. 138 4482: 4477: 4474: 4470: 4465: 4462: 4458: 4453: 4450: 4446: 4441: 4438: 4434: 4429: 4426: 4423:, p. 126 4422: 4417: 4415: 4411: 4408:, p. 131 4407: 4402: 4400: 4396: 4393:, p. 555 4392: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4357: 4354: 4350: 4349:Merrills 2004 4345: 4342: 4339:, p. 125 4338: 4333: 4330: 4324: 4321: 4317: 4312: 4310: 4306: 4303:, p. 383 4302: 4297: 4294: 4291:, p. 264 4290: 4285: 4282: 4278: 4275: 4271: 4270: 4265: 4261: 4256: 4253: 4247: 4244: 4232:on 2014-04-13 4231: 4227: 4226: 4221: 4215: 4212: 4200: 4196: 4190: 4186: 4185: 4177: 4174: 4171:, p. 553 4170: 4165: 4163: 4159: 4156:, p. 125 4155: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4135:Merrills 2004 4131: 4128: 4124: 4123:Merrills 2004 4119: 4116: 4112: 4107: 4104: 4098: 4095: 4091: 4086: 4083: 4079: 4074: 4071: 4059: 4055: 4049: 4046: 4042: 4041:Reynolds 2011 4037: 4035: 4033: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4018: 4016: 4014: 4010: 4007:, p. 124 4006: 4003:3.5.23–24 in 4002: 4001: 3997: 3992: 3989: 3985: 3980: 3977: 3974:, p. 512 3973: 3970:3.5.18–19 in 3969: 3968: 3964: 3959: 3956: 3953:, p. 124 3952: 3947: 3945: 3941: 3929: 3925: 3919: 3916: 3912: 3907: 3904: 3900: 3895: 3892: 3879: 3875: 3868: 3866: 3862: 3859:, p. 173 3858: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3843: 3840: 3839:0-8018-7978-7 3836: 3830: 3827: 3823: 3818: 3815: 3811: 3806: 3804: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3792: 3789:, p. 999 3788: 3783: 3780: 3774: 3771: 3759: 3755: 3754: 3749: 3743: 3741: 3737: 3732: 3731: 3726: 3722: 3717: 3716:public domain 3703: 3700: 3695: 3689: 3685: 3678: 3675: 3668: 3665: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3617: 3614: 3608: 3605: 3601: 3596: 3593: 3589: 3585: 3584:0-7546-4145-7 3581: 3577: 3571: 3568: 3562: 3559: 3555: 3549: 3546: 3542: 3537: 3534: 3531:, p. 195 3530: 3525: 3522: 3519: 3515: 3512: 3506: 3503: 3499: 3494: 3492: 3488: 3484: 3479: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3466: 3463:Dio Cassius, 3460: 3457: 3453: 3448: 3446: 3442: 3429: 3426: 3422: 3421: 3416: 3410: 3407: 3403: 3398: 3395: 3391: 3386: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3375:Merrills 2004 3371: 3368: 3352: 3345: 3339: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3322: 3319: 3316:, p. 498 3315: 3310: 3307: 3303: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3289:, p. 198 3288: 3287:Anderson 1938 3283: 3280: 3276: 3273:Walter Pohl, 3270: 3267: 3263: 3257: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3244: 3238: 3235: 3231: 3226: 3224: 3220: 3208: 3204: 3198: 3195: 3189: 3178: 3176:9780191727467 3172: 3168: 3164: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3145: 3134: 3132:9780191727139 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3105: 3094: 3092:9780195187922 3088: 3084: 3080: 3079: 3074: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3059: 3048: 3046:9780191735257 3042: 3038: 3034: 3033: 3028: 3024: 3020: 3016: 3012: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3001: 2996: 2993: 2980: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2962: 2958: 2953: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2926: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2912: 2906: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2890: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2857: 2854: 2849: 2842: 2839: 2835: 2830: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2819:de Vries 1962 2815: 2813: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2797: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2782: 2769: 2765: 2762:Brian, Adam. 2758: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2733: 2720: 2717: 2713: 2712: 2707: 2701: 2698: 2686: 2682: 2681: 2676: 2670: 2667: 2655: 2651: 2650: 2645: 2639: 2636: 2625: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2605: 2600: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2554: 2550: 2546: 2542: 2537: 2536: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2454: 2452: 2450: 2449: 2442: 2440: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2413: 2385: 2382: 2374: 2373: 2366: 2358: 2329: 2325: 2322: 2319: 2311: 2306: 2297: 2281: 2272: 2260: 2257: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2237: 2235: 2227: 2225: 2224: 2217: 2209: 2207: 2197: 2189: 2187: 2179: 2177: 2156: 2152: 2147: 2130: 2123: 2118: 2114: 2111: 2095: 2093: 2092: 2085: 2069: 2067: 2054: 2052: 2047: 2038: 2023: 2020: 2015: 2012: 2004: 2002: 2001: 1994: 1986: 1984: 1965: 1963: 1958: 1941: 1929: 1923: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1860:List of kings 1859: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1783: 1779: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1715: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1683: 1676:Turbulent end 1675: 1673: 1671: 1667: 1666: 1660: 1658: 1655: 1654:autochthonous 1651: 1647: 1643: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1632: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1602: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1583: 1576: 1574: 1572: 1567: 1564: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1520:Mediterranean 1515: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1501:were soundly 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1480: 1476: 1470:Consolidation 1469: 1467: 1464: 1463:Leo the Great 1460: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1428: 1426: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1413:Mediterranean 1406: 1405:Karl Briullov 1402: 1398: 1393: 1385: 1383: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1323: 1319: 1313: 1311: 1306: 1304: 1300: 1299:Theodosius II 1297: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1237: 1235: 1227: 1226:Comes Africae 1224: 1219: 1211: 1206: 1202: 1195:Establishment 1194: 1189: 1187: 1185: 1184: 1179: 1178: 1171: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1140:Hispano-Roman 1136: 1131: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1116: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1095:Mediterranean 1092: 1088: 1084: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1040:Carthago Nova 1037: 1034:got lands in 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1010:. There, the 1009: 1005: 996: 989: 987: 985: 981: 977: 973: 969: 965: 961: 957: 949: 947: 945: 941: 933: 931: 929: 924: 922: 918: 917:Peter Heather 914: 910: 906: 903: 902: 896: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 874: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 853: 848: 845:According to 840: 836: 831: 827: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 796: 794: 789: 787: 783: 779: 775: 770: 768: 764: 760: 756: 748: 744: 739: 732: 730: 729: 725: 724:East Germanic 721: 715: 707: 705: 703: 696: 688: 686: 684: 680: 676: 672: 667: 663: 659: 653: 645: 643: 640: 638: 634: 629: 626: 622: 618: 614: 609: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 575: 570: 565: 557: 550: 545: 543: 541: 537: 533: 529: 524: 522: 518: 514: 510: 509:East Germanic 506: 505:ancient Roman 502: 498: 490: 488: 486: 482: 478: 474: 470: 469:Vendel Period 466: 462: 457: 455: 451: 447: 443: 439: 434: 432: 428: 424: 420: 416: 412: 411: 405: 403: 399: 395: 392: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 364: 363:Vladimir Orel 360: 356: 352: 348: 344: 340: 336: 332: 328: 324: 316: 312: 308: 303: 296: 294: 292: 288: 284: 283:Roman culture 280: 276: 272: 268: 263: 261: 257: 253: 249: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 225: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 192: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 101: 99: 95: 91: 87: 83: 79: 75: 67: 63: 57: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 7832: 7211:Anglo-Saxons 7201:Adrabaecampi 7184:Bucinobantes 6926:Architecture 6781: 6654:Theuderic IV 6642:Chilperic II 6636:Dagobert III 6612:Childeric II 6606:Chlothar III 6540:Childebert I 6506:Merovingians 6456: 6337: 6220: 6188:Anglo-Saxons 6126:Amalasuintha 6022:Chindasuinth 5885:Theodoric II 5694:9 BCE–18 CE) 5672:9 BCE–37 CE, 5637:9 BCE–21 CE) 5603:Attested in 5518:Yves Modéran 5509: 5508:Westermann, 5484: 5470:S. 329–353. 5423: 5383: 5379: 5350: 5311: 5289: 5268:Attribution: 5267: 5266: 5244: 5219: 5205:. Retrieved 5186: 5176: 5164:. Retrieved 5145: 5129:. Retrieved 5110: 5094:. Retrieved 5075: 5053: 5028: 5007: 4986: 4965: 4945: 4930:. Retrieved 4911: 4898:. Retrieved 4879: 4866:. Retrieved 4847: 4826: 4804: 4791:. Retrieved 4772: 4752: 4729: 4715: 4706: 4696: 4684:. Retrieved 4680:the original 4664: 4636: 4620:. Retrieved 4601: 4590:Bibliography 4575: 4567: 4562: 4551:. Retrieved 4541: 4534: 4522:. Retrieved 4507: 4500: 4488: 4476: 4464: 4459:, p. 77 4457:Wickham 2009 4452: 4440: 4428: 4421:Collins 2000 4391:Cameron 2000 4386: 4380:Löffler 1912 4361:Collins 2000 4356: 4344: 4332: 4323: 4318:, p. 21 4301:Jaques 2007b 4296: 4289:Jaques 2007a 4284: 4276: 4273: 4267: 4255: 4246: 4234:. Retrieved 4230:the original 4223: 4214: 4203:. Retrieved 4183: 4176: 4169:Cameron 2000 4154:Collins 2000 4137:, p. 11 4130: 4125:, p. 10 4118: 4111:Cameron 2000 4106: 4097: 4090:Collins 2000 4085: 4080:, p. 60 4073: 4062:. Retrieved 4048: 4005:Collins 2000 3998: 3991: 3984:Heather 2005 3979: 3972:Heather 2005 3965: 3958: 3951:Collins 2000 3932:. Retrieved 3918: 3906: 3899:Mokhtar 1981 3894: 3882:. Retrieved 3829: 3817: 3812:, p. 50 3787:Jaques 2007c 3782: 3773: 3751: 3728: 3702: 3683: 3677: 3667: 3626: 3622: 3616: 3607: 3595: 3588:Google Books 3570: 3561: 3553: 3548: 3543:, p. 34 3536: 3529:Heather 2005 3524: 3505: 3498:Schütte 2013 3485:, p. 27 3478: 3459: 3454:, p. 30 3432:. Retrieved 3418: 3409: 3397: 3392:, p. 25 3370: 3358:. Retrieved 3351:the original 3338: 3330: 3327:Die Germanen 3326: 3321: 3309: 3304:, p. 42 3302:Wolfram 1997 3282: 3275:Die Germanen 3274: 3269: 3261: 3256: 3237: 3211:. Retrieved 3197: 3187: 3180:. Retrieved 3162: 3143: 3136:. Retrieved 3118: 3103: 3096:. Retrieved 3076: 3057: 3050:. Retrieved 3030: 3007: 3000:Wolfram 1997 2995: 2983:. Retrieved 2978: 2969: 2942: 2938: 2925: 2905: 2889: 2877: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2856: 2847: 2841: 2801: 2796: 2789:Heather 2005 2784: 2772:. Retrieved 2768:the original 2723:. Retrieved 2709: 2700: 2678: 2669: 2647: 2638: 2627:. Retrieved 2624:lib.ugent.be 2623: 2614: 2573:Roman Empire 2559:, bishop of 2552: 2548: 2533: 2531: 2506: 2502: 2497:and eastern 2476: 2446: 2443: 2436: 2316: 2310:Amal dynasty 2017: 1863: 1833: 1825: 1803: 1795:Bordj Djedid 1793:pavement at 1786: 1765: 1738: 1712: 1682:Vandalic War 1663: 1661: 1644: 1629: 1627: 1598: 1586: 1568: 1560: 1517: 1484: 1456: 1429: 1420: 1410: 1400: 1386:Sack of Rome 1372:Tripolitania 1350:Quodvultdeus 1343: 1314: 1307: 1280: 1261: 1253:Hippo Regius 1238: 1231: 1225: 1181: 1176: 1172: 1148:Heremigarius 1132: 1124:illegitimate 1067: 1001: 953: 937: 934:In Britannia 925: 899: 897: 850: 844: 837:" (160 AD), 835:Suebian knot 797: 790: 771: 752: 717: 698: 655: 641: 630: 612: 610: 594:Burgundiones 585: 579: 525: 520: 500: 494: 458: 435: 423:Divine Twins 418: 408: 406: 397: 393: 378: 374: 370: 366: 358: 346: 338: 330: 326: 320: 271:early-modern 264: 252:Vandalic War 216:North Africa 193: 175:, where the 153:Roman Empire 102: 98:North Africa 73: 71: 44: 8110:Roman Libya 7651:Nahanarvali 7574:Hilleviones 7487:Frisiavones 7355:Cananefates 7345:Burgundians 7256:Banochaemae 7106:Anglo-Saxon 7057:Anglo-Saxon 7023:Anglo-Saxon 7006:Anglo-Saxon 6989:Anglo-Saxon 6783:Ynglingatal 6683:Agilolfings 6648:Chlothar IV 6594:Sigebert II 6582:Chlothar II 6564:Chilperic I 6552:Charibert I 6528:Childeric I 6339:Interregnum 6282:Burgundians 6231:(until 406) 6028:Recceswinth 5992:Reccared II 5932:Theudigisel 5873:Theodoric I 5650:9 BCE–9 CE) 5513:(in German) 5436:Evolpub.com 5418:Lord Mahon 5008:The Vandals 4493:George 2004 4481:George 2004 4469:Conant 2004 3924:"CNG Coins" 3629:: 356–358. 3434:January 16, 3230:Berndt 2010 3182:January 25, 3138:January 25, 3098:January 25, 3052:January 25, 2551:. The term 2545:John Dryden 2541:Restoration 2495:Mecklenburg 1842:Arian faith 1744:Justinian I 1695:Justinian I 1640:Manichaeans 1605:Trinitarian 1544:Peloponnese 1417:Old English 1407:, 1833–1836 1247:of Africa, 1164:Hermigarius 990:In Hispania 671:Walter Pohl 481:Scandinavia 427:origin myth 415:Rudolf Much 351:Old English 331:Wendilenses 267:Renaissance 256:Justinian I 226:as well as 183:settled in 135:during the 127:during the 8120:Mauretania 8089:Categories 7870:Vinoviloth 7658:Marcomanni 7641:Helveconae 7619:Heaðobards 7589:Istvaeones 7579:Ingaevones 7564:Hermunduri 7532:Ostrogoths 7522:Greuthungi 7400:Chattuarii 7226:Angrivarii 7221:Ampsivarii 7189:Lentienses 7018:Literature 6908:Viking Age 6744:Norwegians 6588:Dagobert I 6570:Sigebert I 6546:Chlothar I 6486:Desiderius 6468:Hildeprand 6448:Aripert II 6259:Thrasamund 6253:Gunthamund 6085:Ostrogoths 5982:( 610-612) 5962:Reccared I 5944:Athanagild 5919:Post-Balti 5879:Thorismund 5818:Vithimiris 5805:Greuthungi 5776:Radagaisus 5731:Ariovistus 5688:Maroboduus 5665:Marcomanni 5479:Uibk.ac.at 5472:Uibk.ac.at 5096:17 January 4900:17 January 4868:17 January 4793:17 January 4686:2014-08-21 4553:2012-10-03 4205:2016-12-25 4064:2009-05-18 3934:2017-08-10 3911:Burke 1900 3761:Retrieved 3511:chapter 22 3243:transcript 3213:2014-01-14 2688:Retrieved 2657:Retrieved 2629:2020-08-25 2606:References 2553:Vandalisme 2491:West Slavs 2305:Amalafrida 2296:Thrasamund 2280:Gunthamund 1905:Thrasamund 1899:Gunthamund 1753:Belisarius 1691:Belisarius 1670:Thrasamund 1650:Ostrogoths 1646:Gunthamund 1540:fire ships 1532:Basiliscus 1507:Garigliano 1487:Agrigentum 1241:Bonifacius 1223:Bonifacius 1177:Al-Andalus 1109:, sacking 1107:Mauritania 1056:Septimania 940:Silchester 921:Radagaisus 873:Hermanduri 869:Marcomanni 477:Viking Age 446:West Slavs 410:Aurvandill 347:Wend(e)las 317:, Austria. 275:barbarians 7865:Vidivarii 7860:Victohali 7850:Vangiones 7783:Thuringii 7688:Nuithones 7584:Irminones 7547:Visigoths 7537:Thervingi 7497:Gambrivii 7450:Dulgubnii 7445:Dauciones 7395:Chasuarii 7335:Brondings 7261:Bastarnae 7251:Baiuvarii 7231:Armalausi 7194:Raetovari 7128:Languages 7096:Symbology 6956:Folklore 6951:Festivals 6662:(737–751) 6656:(721–737) 6650:(717–719) 6644:(715–721) 6638:(711–715) 6632:(695–711) 6626:(691–695) 6624:Clovis IV 6620:(675–691) 6614:(673–675) 6608:(657–673) 6602:(639–657) 6600:Clovis II 6596:(639–656) 6590:(623–639) 6584:(584–629) 6578:(575–595) 6572:(561–575) 6566:(561–584) 6560:(561–593) 6554:(561–567) 6548:(511–561) 6542:(511–558) 6509:(428–751) 6488:(756–774) 6482:(749–756) 6476:(744–749) 6464:(712–744) 6462:Liutprand 6450:(702–712) 6442:Raginpert 6438:(700–702) 6432:(689–700) 6420:(688–689) 6414:(671–688) 6412:Perctarit 6402:(662–671) 6396:(661–662) 6394:Perctarit 6390:(661–662) 6384:(653–661) 6382:Aripert I 6378:(652–653) 6372:(636-652) 6366:(626–636) 6360:(616–626) 6354:(590–616) 6348:(584–590) 6342:(574–584) 6334:(572–574) 6328:(568–572) 6322:(546–565) 6273:(530–534) 6267:(523–530) 6261:(496–523) 6255:(484–496) 6249:(477–484) 6243:(428–477) 6237:(407–428) 6229:Godigisel 6211:Wuffingas 6196:Genealogy 6175:(551-553) 6169:(541-552) 6157:(540-541) 6151:(536-540) 6142:Post-Amal 6134:(534-536) 6132:Theodahad 6128:(534-535) 6122:(526-534) 6120:Athalaric 6116:(475-526) 6110:(469-475) 6108:Theodemir 6104:(447-469) 6072:(714-721) 6066:(711-714) 6064:Achila II 6060:(710-712) 6054:(694-710) 6048:(687-702) 6042:(680-687) 6036:(672-680) 6030:(649-672) 6024:(642-653) 6018:(639-642) 6012:(636-639) 6006:(631-636) 6000:(621-631) 5988:(612-621) 5976:(603-610) 5970:(601-603) 5964:(586-601) 5958:(568-586) 5956:Liuvigild 5952:(567-572) 5946:(554-567) 5940:(549-554) 5934:(548-549) 5928:(531-548) 5911:(522-531) 5905:(507-513) 5899:(484-507) 5897:Alaric II 5893:(466-484) 5887:(453-466) 5881:(451-453) 5875:(418-451) 5869:(415-418) 5857:(410-415) 5851:(395-410) 5832:Visigoths 5813:Ermanaric 5795:Athanaric 5787:Thervingi 5759:(448-456) 5753:(438-448) 5644:Segimerus 5605:Antiquity 5058:. Brill. 4524:3 October 4445:Bury 1923 4433:Bury 1923 4406:Bury 1923 4337:Bury 1923 4260:Prosper's 3996:Procopius 3963:Procopius 3884:11 August 3623:Britannia 3552:Goffart, 3509:Jordanes 3390:Todd 2009 3155:"Vandals" 3115:"Vandals" 3069:"Vandals" 3019:"Vandals" 2961:0193-1075 2860:R. Much, 2834:Orel 2003 2690:6 January 2569:barbarian 2535:vandalism 2461:Vandalism 1957:Godigisel 1919:(530–534) 1913:(523–530) 1907:(496–523) 1901:(484–496) 1895:(477–484) 1889:(428–477) 1883:(407–428) 1877:(359–406) 1875:Godigisel 1854:Guntarith 1740:Byzantine 1668:: "While 1609:Donatists 1552:Zakynthos 1380:foederati 1268:besieging 1249:Sigisvult 1183:Andalusia 1152:Lusitania 1111:Cartagena 1080:patrician 1052:Visigoths 1048:Gallaecia 1036:Lusitania 1016:foederati 1006:into the 984:Aquitaine 944:Sub-Roman 841:, Poland. 812:panegyric 702:cremation 621:Gambrivii 454:Lusatians 394:wentilsēo 387:sea inlet 375:*winđanan 345:, and as 343:Old Norse 279:vandalism 196:Visigoths 185:Gallaecia 171:into the 8100:Carthage 7931:Category 7838:Hasdingi 7823:Usipetes 7803:Tubantes 7788:Toxandri 7768:Tencteri 7743:Suarines 7728:Sicambri 7723:Semnones 7703:Reudigni 7673:Mattiaci 7663:Marsacii 7614:Lombards 7604:Lacringi 7599:Juthungi 7430:Corconti 7415:Cherusci 7390:Charudes 7370:Chaedini 7340:Bructeri 7325:Bateinoi 7296:Eburones 7291:Condrusi 7286:Caeroesi 7281:Atuatuci 7216:Ambrones 7179:Brisgavi 7174:Alemanni 7052:Paganism 6941:Clothing 6936:Calendar 6883:Germania 6693:Frisians 6534:Clovis I 6522:Merovech 6454:Ansprand 6436:Liutpert 6430:Cunipert 6418:Cunipert 6406:Garibald 6400:Grimoald 6388:Godepert 6358:Adaloald 6300:Lombards 6265:Hilderic 6241:Gaiseric 6235:Gunderic 6201:Iclingas 6010:Chintila 6004:Sisenand 5998:Suintila 5980:Gundemar 5974:Witteric 5968:Liuva II 5909:Amalaric 5849:Alaric I 5747:419-438) 5741:Hermeric 5736:Hunimund 5704:Ballomar 5700:(18 CE-) 5698:Catualda 5654:Arminius 5630:Cherusci 5623:476–793) 5524:, 314), 5439:Archived 5242:(1997). 5143:(2009). 5108:(2013). 5050:(2003). 4944:(2005). 4778:ABC-CLIO 4751:(1962). 4602:Germania 4599:(1938). 4547:Archived 4236:12 April 4199:Archived 4058:Archived 3928:Archived 3878:Archived 3659:33704958 3651:16432945 3514:Archived 3468:Archived 3428:Archived 3360:July 30, 3246:Archived 3207:Archived 3153:(2004). 3067:(2005). 3029:(eds.). 3017:(2012). 2933:(1990). 2914:Archived 2884:, 795 ad 2719:Archived 2644:"Vandal" 2579:See also 2499:Holstein 2485:and the 2288:Gelarius 2271:Hilderic 2046:Gaiseric 2037:Gunderic 1911:Hilderic 1887:Gaiseric 1881:Gunderic 1806:expelled 1799:Carthage 1742:Emperor 1714:Hilderic 1618:Hilderic 1613:Cartenna 1593:Hilderic 1588:denarius 1524:Majorian 1503:defeated 1499:Campania 1452:Placidia 1421:Wendelsæ 1368:Byzacena 1337:and the 1331:Sardinia 1310:Carthage 1264:Numidian 1257:Carthage 1221:Coin of 1168:Guadiana 1156:defeated 1120:Genseric 1103:Hispania 1091:Hydatius 1083:Castinus 1072:defeated 1064:Gunderic 1012:Hasdingi 1004:Pyrenees 980:Gunderic 909:Honorius 905:Stilicho 889:Pannonia 847:Jordanes 820:Alamanni 816:Maximian 798:In 278, 793:Aurelian 778:Hasdingi 763:Lacringi 759:Hasdingi 708:Language 637:Semnones 628:rivers. 613:Vandilii 532:Vandalic 530:(mainly: 517:Norsemen 497:Germania 438:medieval 398:wendelsǣ 383:Limfjord 371:wenđanan 359:Wanđilaz 323:ethnonym 242:and the 236:Sardinia 212:Genseric 204:Gunderic 179:and the 177:Hasdingi 169:Pyrenees 157:crossing 133:Pannonia 8125:Numidia 8095:Vandals 7855:Varisci 7843:Silingi 7833:Vandals 7808:Tulingi 7798:Triboci 7793:Treveri 7773:Teutons 7763:Taifals 7738:Sitones 7678:Nemetes 7636:Helisii 7609:Lemovii 7527:Gutones 7460:Firaesi 7455:Favonae 7435:Cugerni 7425:Cobandi 7380:Chamavi 7375:Chaemae 7365:Casuari 7360:Caritni 7330:Betasii 7301:Paemani 7236:Auiones 7101:Warfare 7079:Scripts 7047:Numbers 6871:History 6776:Yngling 6675:Bavaria 6558:Guntram 6516:Chlodio 6480:Aistulf 6474:Ratchis 6376:Rodoald 6370:Rothari 6364:Arioald 6352:Agilulf 6346:Authari 6271:Gelimer 6247:Huneric 6221:Vandals 6155:Ildibad 6149:Vitiges 6102:Valamir 6058:Roderic 6052:Wittiza 5986:Sisebut 5950:Liuva I 5926:Theudis 5903:Gesalec 5861:Sigeric 5855:Athaulf 5757:Rechiar 5751:Rechila 5286:Vandals 5282:: 5166:9 March 5131:9 March 4622:9 March 3763:8 March 3725:Vandals 3718:: 3586:p.34, ( 3556:, ch.5. 3264:, p.85. 3075:(ed.). 2985:10 June 2920:", 2002 2900:1075 ad 2774:May 21, 2725:8 March 2659:8 March 2547:wrote, 2424:general 2421:Ammatus 2412:Gelimer 2129:Huneric 2117:Eudocia 1940:Wisimar 1917:Gelimer 1893:Huneric 1871:(d.335) 1869:Wisimar 1850:Numidia 1838:Galatia 1830:Persian 1761:Ammatas 1734:Gelimer 1703:Ravenna 1636:Huneric 1624:Decline 1571:Berbers 1563:Ricimer 1556:Odoacer 1548:Maniots 1509:river. 1495:Ricimer 1491:Corsica 1448:Eudocia 1438:killed 1335:Corsica 1115:Seville 1085:at the 1076:Baetica 1060:Attaces 1024:Silingi 1020:Asturia 950:In Gaul 928:Silesia 885:Visimar 881:Geberic 800:Zosimus 767:Silesia 755:Silingi 747:Vistula 743:Hadrian 666:Ptolemy 662:Tacitus 633:Silingi 606:Gutones 586:Vandili 551:Origins 546:History 521:Germani 501:Germani 465:Uppland 339:Vendill 327:Wandali 289:to the 232:Corsica 189:Baetica 181:Silingi 131:and to 113:Silesia 109:Vistula 88:on the 76:were a 74:Vandals 7875:Warini 7828:Vagoth 7813:Tungri 7778:Thelir 7758:Swedes 7753:Sunici 7718:Saxons 7713:Rugini 7646:Manimi 7631:Diduni 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