1349:
831:
1555:
478:
1751:
1707:
399:
1721:
1736:
1957:
1649:
Vamsakata in
Saurashtra. Abhyantarika-vihara (before 567 CE) was built by a lady Mimma. Kakka Mankila added Kakka-vihara to Dudda-vihara mandala before 589 CE and another Gohaka-vihara was built there before 629 CE. The Yakshasura-vihara for nuns at Vallabhi was built around middle of the sixth century. Before 549 CE, Ajita, a merchant, built Ajita-vihara, probably besides the Yakshasura-vihara. Purnabhatta-vihara was built by Purnabhatta before 638 CE to the later group. Skandabhatta II, grandson of Mahasandhivigrahaka Sandabhatta I, built a Sandabhatta-vihara at Yodhavaka.
1594:
67:
955:
1778:
791:
564:
50:
1566:ÅilÄditya VI, also known as Dhrubhaá¹a, reigned c. 762 to c. 776 CE. As he had issued a grant from Anandpura (Vadnagar), it is assumed that he was on expansion again taking advantage of the prevailing situation in Rastrakutas and was in a struggle with the Pratiharas. Saurashtra was again invaded by the Tajjikas (Arabs) in 776 CE (AH 159). They captured the township of Barada but the epidemic broke out. The Arabs had to return and the Caliph had decided to stop further attempt to enter India. Agguka I of the
535:
547:
1902:
1422:
973:
1766:
733:
601:(new revised translation published in 1981), Bhanugupta and his chieftain or noble Goparaja participated in a battle against the "Maittras" in 510 CE, thought to be the Maitrakas (the reading being without full certainty, but "as good as certain" according to the authors). This would directly allude to the conflict between Valabhi and the Magadhan Empire during the reign of Droá¹asiá¹ha. The inscription reads:
610:, a distinguished hero on earth, a mighty ruler, brave being equal to Partha. And along with him Goparaja, following (him) without fear, having overtaken the Maittras and having fought a very big and famous battle, went to heaven, becoming equal to Indra, the best of the gods; and (his) devoted, attached, beloved, and beauteous wife, clinging (to him), entered into the mass of fire (funeral pyre).
879:
868:
1913:. Large number of copper and silver coins are found in Vallabhi and elsewhere. There are two types of coins found. The first were 6" in diameter and weighted 29 grains. They were perhaps earlier coins modeled after the Western Kshatrapa coins. Later coins were similar to the Gupta coins in shape, size and legends. Like Gupta coins, they were not made of pure silver but silver-coated.
1377:ÅilÄditya was a son of ÅilÄditya, the elder brother of Kharagraha II. As Kharagraha II had no son, he assumed the throne. He reigned from c. 658 to 685 CE. He has mentioned his father Derabhaá¹á¹a in his grants. He had probably recovered the Lata region from the Sendraka governor under the Chalukyas. The Chalukyas recovered the region under Vikramaditya I and placed his son
914:
and
Vindhya. He probably had helped Pulakeshin in a war against Kalachuris and may be gained the region as a result. He may have ruled the region independently till his death. His son and successor ÅilÄditya may have ruled the region as an arrangement with his brother Karagraha. A queen named Janjika is mentioned in one of copperplates which may be a wife of ÅilÄditya I.
3130:
675:
In these grants, Dhruvasena's father Bhaá¹Ã¡rka and his elder brothers are described as 'great MáheÅvaras' that are followers of Åiva, while
Dhruvasena himself is called 'Paramabhágavata', the great Vaiá¹£á¹ava. He must be liberal in religious beliefs. In the 535 CE grant, he had made an arrangement for a
1892:
and the beginning of their complex designs in temple architecture. These temples also point to the second of the two early
Gujarat temple architecture schools; the north Gujarat early Nagara style and the Saurashtra style which initially influenced and ultimately ousted by the evolving Nagara style.
1640:
The copper plate inscriptions of
Maitrakas mentions religious edifices, Brahmanical as well as Buddhist. Some Buddhist monuments were constructed by the Maitrakas themselves. Some Brahmanical shrines includes Shiva temple at Vatapadra in Saurashtra (before 609 CE), Bhartishwara temple (extant in 631
1280:
After death of
Dharasena III, he was succeeded by his younger brother Dhruvasena II also known as BalÄditya, the "rising son". He reigned from c. 627-641 CE. He was well versed in grammar and the science of polity. Hiuen Tsang had written "a lively and hasty disposition and his wisdom and statecraft
913:
He had a son named
Derabhaá¹á¹a. He was succeeded by his younger brother Kharagraha I. It seems that there must have been a contest between his elder brother Upendra and him but finally Kharagraha I had succeeded. Derabhaá¹á¹a is mentioned to had helped ÅilÄditya is conquering some region between Sahya
846:
has a prophetic account of one ÅÃláditya who will be a propagator of religion in
Vikrama Saá¹vat 477 (420 CE). The work is comparatively modern and does not correspond to chronology and dating of the Valabhi kingdom. Although no reliance can be placed on the date still his second name Dharmáditya
817:
He had made land grants to
Brahmanas noted in his copperplate grants. One of his grants of 254 or 257 VE mentions solar eclipse which had helped in establish the dating of the Valabhi Era (VE). His one grant mentions Sthiramati, the Buddhist monk mentioned by Chinese traveler Hiuen Tsang. One
1648:
Several
Buddhist monuments were built by Maitrakas. Majority of them were built in and around Vallabhi. Bhataraka probably the Bhataraka-vihara. Princess Dudda, sister of Dhruvasena I, built Dudda-vihara around the onset of the sixth century. Before 605 CE, ÅilÄditya I built ÅilÄditya-vihara
893:
He was Shaiva. The one of his grant, to a temple of Åiva, has for its Dútaka the illustrious Kharagraha apparently the brother and successor of the king. He had made grants to sun temple and Buddhist monks show that he tolerated and respected Buddhism also. The writer of one of the grants is
700:. Kalpa Sutra mentions that the public reading of it started at Anandapura (Vadnagar) to relieve Dhruvasena from the grief of the death of his son. Based on his grants, it known that his kingdom extended from Dwarika to Valabhi, whole Saurashtra peninsula and as far as Vadnagar in the north.
1471:ÅilÄditya IV was a son of ÅilÄditya III who probably had Dharasena as his personal name. He ruled from c. 710 to 740 CE. Chalukya king Vikramaditya II had captured the Kheá¹aka region from Valabhi with the presumed help of Jayabhatta IV, the king of Lata. Sanjan plate of 733 CE informs that
942:
as a successor of ÅilÄditya must be Dharasena III according to Virji while Jayaswal consider him as Kharagraha. He was Åaiva too. He had some gain in north Gujarat. He must have lost some power as his neighbouring kingdoms; Chalukya and Harshvardhan were in constant struggle.
719:
Dhruvasena I was succeeded by his younger brother Dharapaá¹á¹a who reigned for a very short period, c. 549 to c. 553. He must be old when he ascended to the throne as his elder brothers ruled before him and thus his reign may have been short. He is the only ruler described as
1368:
Kharagraha II Dharamaditya was a successor of his younger brother Dhruvasena II. He had made a grant from military camp at Pulindaka which suggest that he was in a continued struggle with Chalukyas. He reigned from c. 655 to 658. He had no son.
1530:(not to be confused with Gujarat; Gurjaradesa referred to eastern Rajasthan, then, the domain of the Pratiharas) before the invasion. He probably had tried to recover Malwa as one of his grant (760 CE) is made from military camp at Godraka (
1348:
830:
361:
Following the decline of the Magadhan Empire, Bhaá¹Ärka, the military governor of the Saurashtra region, founded the Maitraka dynasty in 475. He was followed by his son Dharasena I, who also used the title of general
1884:
s are known of this period, at Kadvar and Bhansara. The Shaivaite monastery at the Khimeshwara group of temples is the oldest known Brahminical monastery of India, preceding three centuries to that in central India.
1486:, during the Caliphate of Hisham (724-743 CE). The invasion was carried out in 735-736 CE, and mentioned by the kingdom of Lata. The Muslims invaded all of the Gurjara region of north and south. The Navsari plate of
758:
Ishwaravarman. The Raivataka (Girnar) hill is mentioned in his Jaunpur stone inscription but who won the war is unclear as the inscription is fragmentary. It is assumed that Guhasena must have repelled the attack.
1554:
1293:
had mentioned that he had given refuge to the king of Valabhi in a struggle with Hará¹£a. But it is unclear that he was Dhruvasena II or Dharasena IV. Huien Tsang had mentioned that he had married the daughter of
4260:
672:(in 528 CE). Dhruvasena probably had to acknowledge to overlord-ship of Yashodharman. It is known that they had regained their glory as Yashodharman's rule was short lived and was supplanted by the Guptas.
781:
had recorded one such legend but epigraph evidence does not support the assumption. Virji also makes the point that Gahlots were Brahmanas as per their inscriptions while the Maitrakas were Kshatriyas.
4255:
1641:
CE), Goddess Kotammahika temple at Trisangamaka (extant in 639 CE, built during or before reign of Droá¹asiá¹ha), Pandurarya temple at Hathab in Saurashtra (502 CE inscription). Other temples include
1750:
66:
894:
mentioned as the minister of peace and war Chandrabhaá¹á¹i; the Dútaka or causer of the gift in two of the Buddhist grants is Bhaá¹á¹a ÃdityayaÅas apparently some military officer. The Jain work
1502:), Mauryas and Gurjaras (of Lata) and proceeded towards the Deccan. Jayabhatta helped the Maitrakas in battle at Valabhi at which they had defeated the Arabs but eventually lost. Finally at
814:
for sometime between which reflect in the changes in titles. From Haraha inscription it known that Ishanavarman held sway over several rulers and Dharasena may have had to submit to him.
1534:). He must have failed to recover Malwa but nonetheless recovered the Kheá¹aka (Kheda) region. He had to face another invasion of the Tajjika (Arabs) from the sea in 759 CE fighting for
743:
Dharapaá¹á¹a was succeeded by Guhasena who reigned from c. 553 to c. 569 CE. He must be great king as the all later ruler from ÅilÄditya I to the last ruler records his name in grants.
766:, the vehicle of Shiva. He was interested in Buddhism in his last years of reign which is known from his grants. Guhasena wrote poems in Sanskrit, Prakrit and Saurseni Apabhramsa.
453:, who had established himself as the independent ruler of Gujarat approximately in the last quarter of 5th century when the Gupta empire weakened. He continued to use the title of
922:ÅilÄditya I was succeeded by his younger brother Kharagraha I, also known as Ishwaragraha. Virdi copperplate grant (616 CE) of Kharagraha I proves that his territories included
926:
which is mentioned as "victorious camp". He was probably in a continued struggle with Hará¹£a started during the reign of his brother. He was Åaiva and reigned c. 615 - 621 CE.
4280:
4270:
684:
was probably held during his rule which was arranged by his wife Chandralekha. During these days, he had lost his son as the Vallabhi council has condoled on loss.
477:
1570:
dynasty had claimed in his inscription a victory thus they had to withdraw. The Maitraka dynasty ended by c. 783 CE. The fall of the dynasty is attributed to the
1267:
1329:. He had made grants to Buddhist Viharas and Brahmanas. He was a patron of scholars and the master archer. Probably during his reign, the Bhatti, the author of
762:
All his copper-plates record donations to Buddhist monasteries. He was a devotee of Shiva as mentioned in his grants and the copperplate bore the symbol of the
1843:), Gayatri temple and Naga temple and Sun temple at Pasnavada, early temples at Junagadh, Gosa, Boricha, Prabhas Patan, Savri, Navadra, Suvarnatirth temple at
954:
4265:
2835:
750:
along his name like his predecessors, which denotes the cessation of displaying of the nominal allegiance to Magadha. He had assumed the sovereign title of
1720:
1434:
1706:
1735:
3795:
1578:
Apart from legendary accounts which connects fall of Vallabi with the Tajjika (Arab) invasions, no historical source mention how the dynasty ended.
1888:
These temples are austere in their design and simple in decoration. They are important in architectural study to know the origin of Nagara-style
370:. Guhasena (r. 556â570) stop recognising the suzerainty of the emperor of Magadha and his son, Dharasena II started using the sovereign title of
934:
Kharagraha was succeeded by his son Dharasena III. He reigned from c. 621 to 627 CE. His only grant is made from the military camp at Kheá¹aka (
493:(general). He reigned approximately from 174 to 180 Valabhi Era (VE) (c. 493â499 CE). It seems that he further consolidated power in weakening
49:
398:
3691:
3647:
3557:
3152:
1800:
except the one at Kalsar and few temples in the Barda hills region. Several temples of them are located in the territories controlled by the
1777:
385:
following which the kingdom became independent again after his death in 647. The kingdom collapsed in 776 after prolonged Arab invasions.
1947:
Translation: " of the illustrious the Shaivaite, Bhattaraka, the great king; the great Kshtrapa; the Lord and the devotee of Maheshwara.
1281:
were shallow". He further adds that "he had attached himself to the precious three recently", viz. the Buddha, Dhamma, and Sangha of
3297:
1479:
1340:
As Dharasena IV had no son, the succession transferred to the elder branch, Derabhaá¹á¹a lineage. He was succeeded by Dhruvasena III.
637:
648:
Dhruvasena I was the third son of Bhaá¹Ärka and the younger brother of Droá¹asiá¹ha. He reigned c. 519 - c. 549 CE. During his rule,
517:
known from his copperplate dated 183 VE (502 CE). It is known that his coronation was attended by some higher authority, probably
457:(general). Apart from his military accomplishments, not much is known from the copper-plates. He was Åaiva according to the title
3637:
2828:
838:
Dharasena II was succeeded by ÅÄ«lÄditya I who is also called DharmÄditya, the "sun of Dharma". He reigned from c. 590 - 615 CE.
3951:
1840:
1110:
910:. He is praised in accounts of Hiuen Tsang as a "monarch of great administrative ability and of rare kindness and compassion".
469:. Almost all the Maitraka inscriptions start with his name. He is known only from the copperplate inscriptions of descendants.
314:
300:
275:
3360:
1695:
Most of the constructions in this period were made of non-durable materials like bricks and wood. None of them survives now.
1645:
temple at Madasara-sthali (extant in 676 CE), Sun temple at Vatapadra (609 CE) and Bhadreniyaka (611 CE); all in Saurashtra.
1538:. The naval fleet under Amarubin Jamal was sent by Hasham, the governor of Sindh to the coast of Barda (the Barda hills near
1352:
Parsvanatha with two other tirthankaras, yaksha and yakshi, Maitraka, 9th Century, Akota, Gujarat, National Museum, New Delhi
703:
During his rule, the Garulakas or Garudakas had accepted the Kingdom of Valabhi as their overlord. The Garulaka had captured
2979:
Sinha, Nandini (2016-08-11). "Early Maitrakas, Landgrant Charters and Regional State Formation in Early Medieval Gujarat".
1956:
1916:
The obverse of coin had the head of the kings facing right, as in Kshatrapa coins, but no legends or date. The reverse had
1765:
1289:, thus Shaiva. He had renewed the grant to the Kottammhikadevi, a Hindu temple, by his ancestor Droá¹asiá¹ha. Dadda II, the
2592:
2581:
2570:
1796:. More than hundred temples of this period is known. Almost all of them are located along the coastal belt of the western
1593:
960:
834:
Coinage of ÅilÄditya (Maitraka, 606-616 CE, Gujarat), with head of king and geometric designs. National Museum, New Delhi.
3681:
1601:
There were administrative divisions managed by head of the division and helped by his subordinates. The highest division
2885:
Chakravarti king Dharasena IV (also known with the titles Param Bhaá¹Ärka, Maharajadhiraja, Parameshwara) (c. 644-c. 651)
2722:
676:
Buddhist monastery at Valabhi built by his Buddhist niece DuážážÃ¡ (or Lulá?). He had made several grants to Brahmanas of
4250:
3845:
2821:
2612:
887:
Copper plate grant issued by ÅÄ«lÄditya I, dated year 290 aÅvayuja badi 10 recording a donation of villages and lands.
653:
1400:ÅilÄditya was a son and the successor of ÅilÄditya II. He reigned from c. 690 - 710 CE. Probably during this period,
711:
and it his clear from their grants that they were Vaishnavas. They had made grants to Brahmanas and Buddhists alike.
501:, the King of Avanti who had himself captured many regions formerly under Magadha. Chandralekha, who is described in
2222:
2059:
1535:
1487:
1438:
1204:
790:
3788:
1475:
Indra I had forcefully married Chalukya princess Bhvanaga at Kaira (Kheda) so the region must be under them then.
4224:
2733:
2233:
2127:
2116:
2105:
1483:
1457:
1426:
4275:
4229:
3872:
3860:
1928:) is added in reverse of some later coins. These symbols are surrounded by the legend in debased characters of
1832:
1242:
563:
1526:
After the Arab invasion, the fragmented western states were organised under ÅilÄditya V. Malwa was lost to th
906:, though exaggerated, mentions that he had expelled some Buddhists from his kingdom sympathetic to his rival
4115:
3781:
3749:. Raopura, Vadodara: Faculty of Education and Psychology, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. pp.
2442:
1378:
3664:
4146:
4019:
3914:
3115:
1356:
Dhruvasena III was a son of Derabhaá¹á¹a. He reigned from c. 650 to 654-655 CE. He had dropped the title of
3549:
Resistance at the Edge of Empires: The Archaeology and History of the Bannu basin from 1000 BC to AD 1200
3350:
690:, the Jain text, was compiled probably during the reign of Dhruvasena, 980 or 993 years after the death (
4188:
4078:
3126:. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency. Vol. I. Part I. The Government Central Press. pp. 85â86.
2690:
1101:
1052:
546:
1901:
1271:
Location of the Gurjaras, and neighbouring South Asian polities circa 600 CE, after the retreat of the
1421:
4178:
4068:
3963:
3812:
1856:
1680:
were transferred to safer places. The temples of Parshwanatha and Shantinatha existed at Vardhamana (
1506:, the confederate army led by Chalukya troops routed the Arabs. Pulakeshin was awarded the titles of
1137:
1128:
898:
mentions that its author was his preceptor. His equal treatment to all religions justifies his title
335:
810:. He reigned from 569 to 589â90 CE. It is considered that he had become subordinate to Kannauj king
534:
461:
used for him in grants by his descendants. It seems that he transferred the capital from Girinagar (
4173:
4127:
4088:
3936:
3830:
2492:
1797:
1615:
1224:
1215:
443:
3766:
Ancient history of Saurashtra: being a study of the Maitrakas of Valabhi V to VIII centuries A. D.
3547:
4203:
4198:
4183:
4141:
4098:
4093:
4024:
4009:
3887:
3882:
3840:
3825:
3429:
2996:
2392:
2304:
2138:
2014:
1986:
1967:
1619:
1146:
998:
431:
378:
4083:
4034:
4004:
3982:
3977:
3931:
3919:
3687:
3643:
3553:
3356:
3293:
2744:
2602:
2532:
2522:
2482:
2462:
1910:
1793:
1657:
1527:
972:
307:
1909:
The Maitrakas continued coinage styles established by their predecessors; the Guptas and the
4208:
4073:
4056:
4051:
4029:
4014:
3946:
3909:
3850:
3618:
3421:
2988:
2772:
2680:
2512:
2502:
2452:
2432:
2372:
2024:
1685:
1382:
1318:
1290:
1233:
692:
681:
661:
355:
124:
3119:
4156:
4103:
4039:
3892:
3865:
2643:
2542:
2284:
1618:
which came to be known far and wide for its scholastic pursuits and was compared with the
1559:
1255:
1063:
989:
755:
482:
371:
3750:
1788:
The architecture is in continuum of earlier Gupta period architecture found in caves at
732:
71:
Kingdom of Valabhi under Maitrakas (in blue) and their contemporaries in India in 590 AD
4161:
4151:
4061:
3902:
3897:
3804:
3409:
3071:
2711:
2622:
2472:
2362:
2351:
2294:
2274:
2264:
1499:
1405:
1317:
Dharasena IV succeeded Dhruvasena II and reigned from c. 641 to 650 CE. He had subdued
1295:
1285:. he had made grants to Buddhist Viharas and Hindu temples alike. He used the title of
774:
686:
513:
Droá¹asiá¹ha (c. 499 - c. 519 CE), a younger brother of Dharasena I, declared himself as
293:
3764:
3609:
Richards, J.F. (1974). "The Islamic frontier in the east: Expansion into South Asia".
3219:
4244:
4193:
3941:
3134:
3000:
2382:
2341:
2096:
2086:
1929:
1852:
1816:
1789:
1726:
1669:
1665:
1478:
Biladuri, the Arab historian informs that the kingdom was invaded by the Arabs under
1164:
1155:
1119:
1072:
1025:
1007:
724:, the devotee of the sun god. He is known by the copperplate grants of his grandson.
489:
Bhaá¹Ärka was succeeded by his eldest son Dharasena I who also used only the title of
419:
351:
339:
1546:
dynasty which was in allegiance with the Maitrakas. He reigned from c. 740 -762 CE.
704:
4166:
4044:
3997:
3820:
2792:
2402:
2331:
2243:
2200:
2172:
1673:
1653:
1642:
1392:
in 677 CE (AH 57) but give no details. He must have been defeated by ÅilÄditya II.
980:
811:
763:
665:
649:
594:
505:
of Devasena as the daughter of the king of Ujjayani and the queen of Dhruvasena I.
494:
450:
280:
55:
1863:, Balej, Bhansara, Odadar; and the shrines at Bokhira, Chhaya, Visavada, Kuchadi,
1664:
temple at Vallabhi existed. At the time of destruction of Vallabhi, the images of
847:
gives support to his identification with the ÅÃláditya of the Máhátmya. Based on
818:
independent grant dated 574 CE made by Garulaka king Simhaditya is also found at
3992:
3924:
3855:
2782:
2700:
2652:
1880:
1860:
1661:
1585:) became independent and established their own dynasty on the fall of Vallabhi.
1472:
1447:
1272:
1195:
1090:
625:
215:
3744:
2992:
878:
867:
3987:
3622:
2253:
1808:
1712:
1175:
1081:
1016:
669:
607:
598:
580:
576:
32:
3070:
Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol.3 (inscriptions Of The Early Gupta Kings)
583:
mentions a "very big and famous battle" between the Guptas and the Maitrakas.
2422:
1872:
1848:
1828:
1824:
1801:
1567:
1558:
Valabhi (Saurashtra) drachms. Late 5th-8th century CE. Capped head right in
1543:
1539:
1495:
1401:
778:
498:
446:
481:
Coinage of Dharasena (Maitraka, 570â606 CE, Gujarat), on the model of the
426:"Of the illustrious, the Shaivaite, Bhattaraka, the great king; the great
3877:
3769:
Indian History and Culture Series. Konkan Institute of Arts and Sciences.
2924:
2412:
2211:
1917:
1677:
1282:
1043:
1034:
819:
737:
697:
677:
657:
629:
518:
411:
367:
347:
201:
108:
104:
90:
80:
1388:
Arab historians mention that the Arab commander Ismail had attacked the
1385:
and Dadda III was probably in the constant struggle with the Maitrakas.
4110:
3433:
2802:
1868:
1864:
1836:
1741:
1681:
1603:
1582:
1503:
1430:
1360:
and was Shaiva. He may have lost his sway on Lata region to Chalukyas.
1322:
184:
798:
Gahasena was succeeded by his son Dharasena II, who used the title of
2633:
1844:
1820:
1812:
1757:
1689:
1531:
1389:
1306:
1302:
923:
907:
770:
708:
462:
427:
382:
3425:
1309:
so whole modern central and north Gujarat were under the Maitrakas.
3683:
India's Road to Nationhood: A Political History of the Subcontinent
1943:
Rájño, Mahákshatrapasa Bhatarakasa Mahesara Årà Åarvva Bhaá¹á¹Ã¡rakasa
1490:
mentions that the Tajjika (Arabs) had destroyed the Kachchelas (of
2928:
1955:
1921:
1900:
1575:
1553:
1491:
1420:
1347:
935:
856:
852:
829:
731:
707:
probably with help of Valabhi. They probably has an emblem of the
633:
476:
415:
3773:
3133:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1855:. Other extant temples include the temple groups at Khimeshwara,
1571:
616:
590:
552:
465:) to Vallabhi. The legends of all Valabhi coins are marked with
3777:
1607:
were headed by Rashtrapati or Amatya and the lowest division
754:. During his early rule, the Maitraka kingdom was invaded by
794:
Maliya inscription of Dharasena II of the year 252 (571 CE).
1937:
Rájño Mahákshatrapasa Bhatárakasa MahesaraâÅrà Bhaá¹á¹Ã¡rakasa
424:
Rájño Mahákshatrapasa Bhatárakasa MahesaraâÅrà Bhaá¹á¹Ã¡rakasa
2962:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2948:
3374:
3372:
3320:
3318:
3229:
3227:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3093:
3091:
1684:) and Dostatika as well as probably the temple of Yakshi
1327:
Paramabhattaraka Mahrajadhiraja Parameshvara Chakravartin
1321:(south Gujarat) as he has issued copperplate grants from
4261:
States and territories disestablished in the 8th century
3355:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 26,146.
851:
and his grants, it is known that his rule extended from
636:, leading to his mention as "ruler of the earth" in the
2882:
Dhruvasena II (also known as BalÄditya) (c. 640-c. 644)
2873:ÅÄ«lÄditya I (also known as DharmÄditya) (c. 595-c. 615)
1893:
The Saurashtra style disappeared by the tenth century.
1542:). The invasion was defeated by the naval fleet of the
1581:
The governors of Girinagar (Girnar) and Vamanasthali (
4256:
States and territories established in the 5th century
3151:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFKailash_Chand_Jain1991 (
624:
It is also around this time, or soon after, that the
802:
in his early grants and later readopts the title of
4217:
4126:
3962:
3811:
3410:"The Maitraka and the Saindhava Temples of Gujarat"
2858:
Dronasinha (also known as Maharaja) (c. 500-c. 520)
238:
225:
212:
194:
177:
165:
149:
137:
123:
115:
100:
86:
76:
21:
3146:
1960:An inscribed copper-plate of the Maitraka dynasty
1611:(equivalent to village) was headed by Gramakuta.
1298:of Kannauj, probably as the marriage allegiance.
228:
1597:Administrative divisions in the Maitraka kingdom
1934:
1433:(724-740 CE). ÅilÄditya IV was affected by the
1381:as its governor. The region was still ruled by
603:
442:(general) Bhaá¹Ärka, was a military governor of
1839:and Kalika Temple), two temples near Dhrewad (
3789:
2829:
2050: â Pre Urban Harappan Sindh Type Pottery
377:The kingdom came under the suzerainty of the
26:
8:
3408:Nanavati, J. M.; Dhaky, M. A. (1969-01-01).
3044:, University of Calcutta, Calcutta, pp.553-4
497:. the Maitrkas had a marriage alliance with
402:Coinage of Bhaá¹Ärka (Maitrakas of Valabhi).
3753:â47 – via Cornell University Library.
1435:Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent
155:
3796:
3782:
3774:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3278:
2836:
2822:
1963:
1819:at Kalsar, group of temples at Vasai near
1807:The extant temples of this period are the
366:). His son, Droá¹asiá¹ha proclaimed himself
65:
18:
3541:
3539:
1562:style. Trident with Brahmi legend around.
1466: Kingdom of Valabhi (c.475âc.776 CE)
2906:ÅÄ«lÄditya VI Dhrubhaá¹a ( c. 762- c. 776)
1592:
1337:, flourished. It is a grammatical poem.
1325:. he had assumed the imperial titles of
789:
397:
3763:Virji, Krishnakumari Jethabhai (1955).
3546:Petrie, Cameron A. (28 December 2020).
2944:
2916:
1966:
1835:, Khimrana, two temples at Dhrasanvel (
1831:, Visavada, Kinderkheda, Pata, Miyani,
1702:
1514:, the Repeller of the Unrepellable and
4281:Medieval empires and kingdoms of India
4271:8th-century disestablishments in India
3110:
3108:
3106:
3730:
3718:
3706:
3596:
3584:
3572:
3530:
3518:
3506:
3494:
3482:
3470:
3458:
3446:
3403:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3378:
3336:
3324:
3309:
3269:
3257:
3245:
3233:
3218:Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum Vol 3
3206:
3189:
3177:
3165:
3097:
3082:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3053:
3036:
3034:
3025:
3013:
2966:
606:(Verses 3-4) (There is) the glorious
527:Eran pillar inscription of Bhanugupta
237:
224:
211:
193:
176:
172:
148:
136:
132:
122:
7:
3642:. Northern Book Centre. p. 85.
3292:, S.Chand & Company, New Delhi,
4266:5th-century establishments in India
3288:Mahajan V.D. (1960, reprint 2007).
1905:Drachm of the Matraikas of Valabhi.
1652:Literary sources also mention some
342:from 475 to 776. It was founded by
3686:. Allied Publishers. p. 186.
3120:"I. THE CHÃVAážÃS (A. D. 720â956.)"
3042:Political History of Ancient India
2888:Dhruvasena III (c. 650-c. 654-655)
2560:Medieval and early modern periods
1510:, the solid pillar of the Deccan,
406:: Head of the kings facing right.
16:Kingdom in Western India (475â776)
14:
1636:Mentioned in the literary sources
736:Five Jain Bronzes recovered from
638:Eran boar inscription of Toramana
521:as they had a marriage alliance.
3680:Pochhammer, Wilhelm von (2005).
3352:A Historical atlas of South Asia
3349:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978).
3128:
1776:
1764:
1749:
1734:
1719:
1705:
971:
953:
877:
866:
769:Early historians had considered
746:Guhasena stopped using the term
562:
545:
533:
312:
298:
273:
48:
3669:. Good Companions. p. 106.
197:
3639:A Journey Through India's Past
3611:Journal of South Asian Studies
2897:ÅÄ«lÄditya III (c. 690- c. 710)
2042: â Pre-Prabhas Assemblage
1756:Ruined temples at Sonkansari,
842:assigns him thirty years. The
183:establishes a feudal realm in
1:
3746:Universities in ancient India
2903:ÅÄ«lÄditya V ( c. 740- c. 762)
2900:ÅÄ«lÄditya IV (c. 710- c. 740)
2894:ÅÄ«lÄditya II (c. 658- c. 685)
2891:Kharagraha II (c. 655-c. 658)
2879:Dharasena III (c. 626-c. 640)
2571:Gujarat under Delhi Sultanate
1920:, the trident, the emblem of
748:Paramabhattaraka Padanudhyata
577:Eran stone pillar inscription
485:. National Museum, New Delhi.
343:
180:
143:
3666:Cultural Heritage of Gujarat
3636:Mani, Chandra Mauli (2005).
3552:. Oxbow Books. p. 148.
2876:Kharagraha I (c. 615-c. 626)
2870:Dharasena II (c. 570-c. 595)
2861:Dhruvasena I (c. 520-c. 550)
1867:, Tukada, Akhodar, Kalavad,
1771:Temple at Sonkansari, Ghumli
1518:, the refuge of the people.
1412:Muslim invasions and decline
3414:Artibus Asiae. Supplementum
3040:Roychaudhuri, H.C. (1972).
2855:Dharasena I (c. 493-c. 499)
2004:Chalcolithic to Bronze Age
569:Rubbing of the inscription.
4297:
2993:10.1177/025764300101700201
2927:or trident, the symbol of
2864:Dharapaá¹á¹a (c. 550-c. 556)
2156: â Prabhas Assemblage
2077: â Micaceous Red Ware
2069: â Reserved Slip Ware
1488:Avanijanashraya Pulakeshin
1439:Umayyad campaigns in India
430:; the Lord and devotee of
4225:Template:History of India
3623:10.1080/00856407408730690
2867:Gruhasena (c. 556-c. 570)
2734:Agencies of British India
2164: â Lustrous Red Ware
2106:Indus Valley Civilisation
1783:Parshvanath temple, Balej
1484:Caliphal province of Sind
1458:Caliphal province of Sind
1427:Caliphal province of Sind
555:stone pillar inscription.
252:
248:
173:
161:
133:
64:
45:
40:
4230:Template:Medieval Deccan
3663:Patel, Kalahans (1996).
2852:Bhaá¹Ärka (c. 470-c. 492)
1952:List of kings of Valabhi
1744:, Dhrasanvel, Okhamandal
1498:, Surastra, Chavotkata (
938:). Chapala mentioned in
682:Jain council at Vallabhi
3147:Kailash Chand Jain 1991
2443:Chalukyas of Navasarika
1688:on the summit of Mount
1508:Dakshinapatha Svadharna
1404:held by Jayasekhara of
947:Dhruvasena II BalÄditya
27:
4020:Kingdom of Bundelkhand
3915:Kingdom of Anahilavada
3116:James Macnabb Campbell
1961:
1949:
1906:
1598:
1563:
1550:ÅilÄditya VI Dhrubhaá¹a
1528:Kingdom of Gurjaradesa
1512:Anivartaka-nivartayitr
1468:
1353:
835:
795:
777:) as his descendants.
740:
622:
619:of Bhanugupta, 510 CE.
486:
435:
294:Kingdom of Anahilavada
240:⢠Disestablished
4189:Sultanate of Khandesh
4025:Kingdom of Trikalinga
3968:(Post Tripartite Era)
3873:Kingdom of Mahishmati
2848:The list as follows:
2527:(c. 970 â c. 1070 CE)
1959:
1904:
1847:, Jhamra, Degam near
1631:Temples and monuments
1596:
1557:
1424:
1379:Dharashraya Jayasimha
1351:
1301:His rule extended to
833:
793:
735:
480:
418:) with legend in the
401:
87:Common languages
4179:Sultanate of Gujarat
4069:Kingdom of Jaisalmer
3743:Apte, D. G. (1950).
2477:(c. 690 â c. 940 CE)
2467:(c. 730 â c. 960 CE)
2447:(c. 660 â c. 739 CE)
2437:(c. 580 â c. 738 CE)
2427:(c. 725 â c. 950 CE)
2377:(c. 250 â c. 500 CE)
2015:Chalcolithic Gujarat
1815:), Pachtar, Prachi,
1446: Desert areas (
1268:class=notpageimage|
940:Manju-Sri-Mula-Kalpa
849:Manju-Sri-Mula-Kalpa
840:Manju-Sri-Mula-Kalpa
381:during the reign of
200:adopts the title of
96:Sauraseni Apabhramsa
58:on a blue background
4174:Sultanate of Bengal
4089:Sultanate of Multan
3978:Kingdom of Junagadh
3964:Middle Medieval Era
3937:Tripartite Struggle
3878:Kingdom of Samatata
3831:Kingdom of Thanesar
2493:Rashtrakuta dynasty
2323:(380 BCE â 1299 CE)
1616:Vallabhi University
1614:Maitrakas set up a
1425:Campaigns from the
904:Åatruñjaya Máhátmya
896:Åatruñjaya Máhátmya
844:Åatruñjaya Máhátmya
806:and later again as
775:Guhilas of Medapata
414:trident (symbol of
354:, and ruled by the
4251:History of Gujarat
4199:Kingdom of Bikaner
4184:Sultanate of Malwa
4142:Sultanate of Delhi
4094:Kingdom of Mithila
4079:Kingdom of Kalyani
4010:Kingdom of Sambhar
4005:Kingdom of Amarkot
3888:Kingdom of Kashmir
3841:Kingdom of Gurjara
3836:Kingdom of Valabhi
3826:Kingdom of Kannauj
3813:Early Medieval Era
3733:, p. 230â247.
3709:, p. 102â105.
3599:, p. 101â102.
3124:History of Gujarát
2981:Studies in History
2969:, p. 225â229.
2762:Post-independence
2537:(c. 940 â 1243 CE)
2487:(c. 875 â 1472 CE)
2393:Traikutaka dynasty
2356:(312 BCE â 400 CE)
2305:Saurashtra kingdom
2223:Black and Red Ware
2201:Vedic Civilisation
2173:Vedic Civilisation
2060:Black and Red Ware
2034: â Padri Ware
2029:(c. 3950â1900 BCE)
1968:History of Gujarat
1962:
1911:Western Kshatrapas
1907:
1841:Kalika Mata Temple
1620:Nalanda University
1599:
1574:invasion from the
1564:
1482:, Governor of the
1469:
1354:
859:in western India.
836:
796:
773:(Gohil) of Mewar (
741:
722:Paramaditya-Bhakta
487:
436:
379:Kingdom of Kannauj
332:Kingdom of Valabhi
23:Kingdom of Valabhi
4238:
4237:
4209:Kingdom of Orissa
4128:Late Medieval Era
4084:Kingdom of Marwar
4035:Kingdom of Bengal
3983:Emirate of Multan
3932:Kingdom of Dahala
3920:Kingdom of Bengal
3693:978-81-7764-715-0
3649:978-81-7211-194-6
3587:, p. 97â100.
3559:978-1-78570-304-1
3072:Main text p.352sq
2931:; Used in coinage
2846:
2845:
2811:
2810:
2753:
2752:
2745:Bombay Presidency
2661:
2660:
2603:Gujarat Sultanate
2593:Tughlaq Sultanate
2551:
2550:
2533:Chaulukya dynasty
2523:Chalukyas of Lata
2483:Chudasama dynasty
2463:Gurjara-Pratihara
2407:(405 â c. 730 CE)
2367:(c. 119 â 405 CE)
2321:Classical period
2312:
2311:
2234:Painted Grey Ware
2181:
2180:
1995:
1994:
1991:(before 4000 BCE)
1978:(before 4000 BCE)
1798:Saurashtra region
1660:. Around 601 CE,
1656:dedicated to the
1536:Umayyad Caliphate
1305:, a town west of
855:to the oceans of
664:, as well as the
589:According to the
459:Parama-Maheshwara
328:
327:
324:
323:
320:
319:
308:Saindhava dynasty
286:
285:
4288:
4204:Kingdom of Mewat
4194:Kingdom of Sindh
4134:
4133:
4111:Lords of Magadha
4074:Kingdom of Kutch
4057:Kingdom of Sindh
4052:Kingdom of Amber
4030:Kingdom of Malwa
4015:Kingdom of Mewar
3970:
3969:
3910:Kingdom of Gauda
3883:Kingdom of Nepal
3851:Kingdom of Sindh
3846:Kingdom of Malwa
3798:
3791:
3784:
3775:
3770:
3755:
3754:
3740:
3734:
3728:
3722:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3698:
3697:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3633:
3627:
3626:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3575:, p. 94â96.
3570:
3564:
3563:
3543:
3534:
3528:
3522:
3521:, p. 90â93.
3516:
3510:
3504:
3498:
3497:, p. 85â88.
3492:
3486:
3485:, p. 83â84.
3480:
3474:
3473:, p. 81â82.
3468:
3462:
3456:
3450:
3449:, p. 71â80.
3444:
3438:
3437:
3405:
3382:
3381:, p. 71â75.
3376:
3367:
3366:
3346:
3340:
3339:, p. 65â69.
3334:
3328:
3327:, p. 63â64.
3322:
3313:
3312:, p. 59â61.
3307:
3301:
3286:
3273:
3272:, p. 58â59.
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3248:, p. 46â47.
3243:
3237:
3236:, p. 42â45.
3231:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3209:, p. 38â42.
3204:
3193:
3187:
3181:
3180:, p. 35â37.
3175:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3131:
3127:
3112:
3101:
3100:, p. 33â34.
3095:
3086:
3085:, p. 31â33.
3080:
3074:
3068:
3057:
3056:, p. 28â30.
3051:
3045:
3038:
3029:
3028:, p. 26â27.
3023:
3017:
3016:, p. 21â25.
3011:
3005:
3004:
2976:
2970:
2964:
2932:
2921:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2773:Saurashtra State
2769:
2768:
2765:
2681:Portuguese India
2677:
2676:
2673:
2670:Colonial period
2582:Khalji Sultanate
2567:
2566:
2563:
2517:(9â10th century)
2513:Western Chalukya
2507:(9â10th century)
2503:Paramara dynasty
2453:Empire of Harsha
2433:Gurjaras of Lata
2373:Vakataka dynasty
2328:
2327:
2324:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2025:Anarta tradition
2011:
2010:
2007:
1983:
1982:
1979:
1964:
1780:
1768:
1753:
1738:
1723:
1709:
1465:
1455:
1445:
1383:Gurjaras of Lata
1287:Paramamaheshwara
1262:
1260:
1251:
1249:
1238:
1236:
1229:
1227:
1220:
1218:
1211:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1191:
1188:
1180:
1178:
1171:
1169:
1160:
1158:
1151:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1133:
1131:
1124:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1106:
1104:
1097:
1095:
1086:
1084:
1077:
1075:
1068:
1066:
1059:
1057:
1048:
1046:
1039:
1037:
1030:
1028:
1021:
1019:
1012:
1010:
1003:
1001:
994:
992:
985:
983:
976:
975:
967:
965:
957:
881:
870:
822:along with him.
654:Kingdom of Malwa
620:
617:Eran inscription
566:
549:
537:
356:Maitraka dynasty
316:
315:
302:
301:
290:
289:
277:
276:
270:
269:
254:
253:
204:(vassal prince)
69:
52:
30:
19:
4296:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4276:Former kingdoms
4241:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4213:
4132:(Sultanate Era)
4131:
4130:
4129:
4122:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3958:
3942:Kingdom of Lata
3821:Magadhan Empire
3807:
3802:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3742:
3741:
3737:
3729:
3725:
3717:
3713:
3705:
3701:
3694:
3679:
3678:
3674:
3662:
3661:
3657:
3650:
3635:
3634:
3630:
3608:
3607:
3603:
3595:
3591:
3583:
3579:
3571:
3567:
3560:
3545:
3544:
3537:
3529:
3525:
3517:
3513:
3505:
3501:
3493:
3489:
3481:
3477:
3469:
3465:
3457:
3453:
3445:
3441:
3426:10.2307/1522666
3407:
3406:
3385:
3377:
3370:
3363:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3335:
3331:
3323:
3316:
3308:
3304:
3287:
3276:
3268:
3264:
3256:
3252:
3244:
3240:
3232:
3225:
3217:
3213:
3205:
3196:
3188:
3184:
3176:
3172:
3164:
3160:
3150:
3145:
3141:
3129:
3114:
3113:
3104:
3096:
3089:
3081:
3077:
3069:
3060:
3052:
3048:
3039:
3032:
3024:
3020:
3012:
3008:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2965:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2935:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2842:
2813:
2812:
2766:
2763:
2755:
2754:
2712:Princely states
2674:
2671:
2663:
2662:
2564:
2561:
2553:
2552:
2543:Vaghela dynasty
2497:(8â9th century)
2363:Western Satraps
2325:
2322:
2314:
2313:
2285:Dwaraka kingdom
2227:(1300â1000 BCE)
2194:
2191:
2183:
2182:
2167:(1900â1300 BCE)
2159:(2200â1700 BCE)
2151:(2200â1700 BCE)
2143:(1900â1300 BCE)
2132:(2600â1900 BCE)
2128:Mature Harappan
2121:(3300â2600 BCE)
2110:(3300â1300 BCE)
2080:(2600â1600 BCE)
2072:(3950â1900 BCE)
2053:(3000â2600 BCE)
2045:(3200â2600 BCE)
2037:(3600â2000 BCE)
2008:
2006:(4000â1300 BCE)
2005:
1997:
1996:
1980:
1977:
1954:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1899:
1871:, Pasthar, and
1784:
1781:
1772:
1769:
1760:
1754:
1745:
1739:
1730:
1724:
1715:
1710:
1633:
1628:
1591:
1552:
1524:
1516:Avanijanashraya
1467:
1463:
1461:
1453:
1451:
1443:
1419:
1414:
1398:
1375:
1366:
1346:
1319:Kingdom of Lata
1315:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1008:
1006:
1004:
999:
997:
995:
990:
988:
986:
981:
979:
977:
970:
968:
963:
961:
959:
949:
932:
920:
891:
890:
889:
888:
884:
883:
882:
873:
872:
871:
828:
788:
756:King of Kannauj
752:Maharajadhiraja
730:
717:
646:
621:
615:
593:inscription of
587:
586:
585:
584:
572:
571:
570:
567:
558:
557:
556:
550:
542:
541:
538:
529:
528:
511:
495:Magadhan Empire
483:Western Satraps
475:
451:Magadhan Empire
396:
391:
372:Maharajadhiraja
352:Magadhan Empire
313:
299:
281:Magadhan Empire
274:
241:
231:
218:
205:
187:
152:
151:⢠762â776
140:
139:⢠475â493
125:Maharajadhiraja
95:
93:
72:
60:
59:
53:
36:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4294:
4292:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4243:
4242:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4138:
4136:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4054:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4042:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
4001:
4000:
3995:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3972:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3817:
3815:
3809:
3808:
3805:Medieval India
3803:
3801:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3757:
3756:
3735:
3723:
3721:, p. 105.
3711:
3699:
3692:
3672:
3655:
3648:
3628:
3601:
3589:
3577:
3565:
3558:
3535:
3523:
3511:
3499:
3487:
3475:
3463:
3451:
3439:
3383:
3368:
3361:
3341:
3329:
3314:
3302:
3274:
3262:
3250:
3238:
3223:
3211:
3194:
3182:
3170:
3158:
3139:
3118:, ed. (1896).
3102:
3087:
3075:
3058:
3046:
3030:
3018:
3006:
2987:(2): 151â163.
2971:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2789:
2788:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2729:
2728:
2725:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2707:
2706:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2623:Maratha Empire
2619:
2618:
2615:
2613:Mughal Gujarat
2609:
2608:
2605:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2588:
2587:
2584:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2548:
2547:(1243â1299 CE)
2545:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2525:
2519:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2475:
2473:Chavda dynasty
2469:
2468:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2457:( 7th century)
2455:
2449:
2448:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2417:(475 â 767 CE)
2415:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2397:(388 â 454 CE)
2395:
2389:
2388:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2352:Indo-Scythians
2348:
2347:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:Sindhu kingdom
2290:
2289:
2287:
2280:
2279:
2277:
2275:Anarta kingdom
2270:
2269:
2267:
2265:Abhira kingdom
2260:
2259:
2258:(1700â300 BCE)
2256:
2250:
2249:
2246:
2244:Maha Janapadas
2240:
2239:
2238:(1200â600 BCE)
2236:
2229:
2228:
2225:
2218:
2217:
2216:(1500â600 BCE)
2214:
2207:
2206:
2205:(2000â500 BCE)
2203:
2195:
2192:(1500â300 BCE)
2189:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2178:
2177:(2000â500 BCE)
2175:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2141:
2134:
2133:
2130:
2123:
2122:
2119:
2117:Early Harappan
2112:
2111:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2064:(3950â900 BCE)
2062:
2055:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2027:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1953:
1950:
1898:
1895:
1811:, Sonkansari (
1786:
1785:
1782:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1763:
1761:
1755:
1748:
1746:
1740:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1718:
1716:
1711:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1699:Extant temples
1638:
1637:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1590:
1589:Administration
1587:
1551:
1548:
1523:
1520:
1462:
1452:
1442:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:was attacked.
1406:Chavda dynasty
1397:
1394:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1345:
1344:Dhruvasena III
1342:
1314:
1311:
1266:
1265:
1253:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1202:
1193:
1182:
1173:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1099:
1088:
1079:
1070:
1061:
1050:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1014:
1005:
996:
987:
978:
969:
958:
952:
951:
950:
948:
945:
931:
928:
919:
916:
886:
885:
876:
875:
874:
865:
864:
863:
862:
861:
827:
824:
787:
784:
729:
726:
716:
713:
645:
642:
613:
612:
611:
574:
573:
568:
561:
560:
559:
551:
544:
543:
539:
532:
531:
530:
526:
525:
524:
523:
510:
507:
474:
471:
395:
392:
390:
387:
336:early medieval
326:
325:
322:
321:
318:
317:
310:
304:
303:
296:
287:
284:
283:
278:
266:
265:
260:
250:
249:
246:
245:
242:
239:
236:
235:
232:
229:Arab invasions
226:
223:
222:
219:
213:
210:
209:
206:
195:
192:
191:
188:
178:
175:
174:
171:
170:
167:
163:
162:
159:
158:
153:
150:
147:
146:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:
127:
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
102:
98:
97:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
70:
62:
61:
54:
47:
46:
43:
42:
38:
37:
25:
22:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4293:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4246:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4125:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4085:
4082:
4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3961:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3799:
3794:
3792:
3787:
3785:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3768:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3752:
3748:
3747:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3715:
3712:
3708:
3703:
3700:
3695:
3689:
3685:
3684:
3676:
3673:
3668:
3667:
3659:
3656:
3651:
3645:
3641:
3640:
3632:
3629:
3624:
3620:
3617:(1): 91â109.
3616:
3612:
3605:
3602:
3598:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3569:
3566:
3561:
3555:
3551:
3550:
3542:
3540:
3536:
3533:, p. 94.
3532:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3512:
3509:, p. 88.
3508:
3503:
3500:
3496:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3479:
3476:
3472:
3467:
3464:
3461:, p. 80.
3460:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3440:
3435:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3364:
3358:
3354:
3353:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3298:81-219-0887-6
3295:
3291:
3290:Ancient India
3285:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3263:
3260:, p. 47.
3259:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3242:
3239:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3192:, p. 38.
3191:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3171:
3168:, p. 34.
3167:
3162:
3159:
3154:
3149:, p. 75.
3148:
3143:
3140:
3136:
3135:public domain
3125:
3121:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3076:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3007:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2975:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2917:
2910:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2839:
2834:
2832:
2827:
2825:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2759:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2667:
2666:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2557:
2556:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2520:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2420:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2400:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2390:
2387:(30 â 375 CE)
2386:
2384:
2383:Kushan Empire
2381:
2380:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2359:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2346:(321â184 BCE)
2345:
2343:
2342:Maurya Empire
2340:
2339:
2336:(380â321 BCE)
2335:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2318:
2317:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2248:(600â300 BCE)
2247:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2187:
2186:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:Late cultures
2147:
2146:
2142:
2140:
2139:Late Harappan
2136:
2135:
2131:
2129:
2125:
2124:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2056:
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2016:
2013:
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1990:
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1930:Brahmi script
1927:
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1896:
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1850:
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1826:
1822:
1818:
1817:Firangi Deval
1814:
1810:
1809:temple at Gop
1805:
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1799:
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1791:
1779:
1774:
1767:
1762:
1759:
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1727:Firangi Deval
1722:
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1714:
1708:
1703:
1698:
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1696:
1693:
1691:
1687:
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1679:
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1666:Chandraprabha
1663:
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1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1416:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1396:ÅilÄditya III
1395:
1393:
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1384:
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1372:
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1364:Kharagraha II
1363:
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1359:
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1199:
1190:
1189:
1179:
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1130:SHAILODBHAVAS
1123:
1114:
1105:
1096:
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1067:
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1038:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1002:
993:
984:
974:
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956:
946:
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930:Dharasena III
929:
927:
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880:
869:
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592:
582:
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522:
520:
516:
508:
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503:Dharasanasara
500:
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472:
470:
468:
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448:
445:
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429:
425:
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420:Brahmi script
417:
413:
409:
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400:
393:
388:
386:
384:
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375:
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369:
365:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
340:Western India
337:
333:
311:
309:
306:
305:
297:
295:
292:
291:
288:
282:
279:
272:
271:
268:
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168:
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128:
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68:
63:
57:
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44:
39:
34:
29:
28:Valabhi RÄjya
20:
3835:
3765:
3745:
3738:
3726:
3714:
3702:
3682:
3675:
3665:
3658:
3638:
3631:
3614:
3610:
3604:
3592:
3580:
3568:
3548:
3526:
3514:
3502:
3490:
3478:
3466:
3454:
3442:
3417:
3413:
3351:
3344:
3332:
3305:
3289:
3265:
3253:
3241:
3214:
3185:
3173:
3161:
3142:
3123:
3078:
3049:
3041:
3021:
3009:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2919:
2847:
2793:Bombay State
2403:Gupta Empire
2332:Nanda Empire
1942:
1936:
1935:
1932:. It reads,
1925:
1915:
1908:
1889:
1887:
1879:
1877:
1806:
1787:
1694:
1674:Parshwanatha
1651:
1647:
1643:Saptamatrika
1639:
1626:Architecture
1613:
1608:
1602:
1600:
1580:
1565:
1525:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1477:
1470:
1460:(712-854 CE)
1417:ÅilÄditya IV
1399:
1387:
1376:
1373:ÅilÄditya II
1367:
1358:Chakravartin
1357:
1355:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1316:
1313:Dharasena IV
1300:
1296:Hará¹£avardhan
1291:King of Lata
1286:
1279:
1217:LATER GUPTAS
1185:
1184:
1112:PANDUVAMSHIS
1092:
939:
933:
921:
918:Kharagraha I
912:
903:
899:
895:
892:
848:
843:
839:
837:
816:
812:Ishanavarman
807:
803:
799:
797:
786:Dharasena II
768:
761:
751:
747:
745:
742:
721:
718:
702:
691:
685:
674:
650:Yashodharman
647:
644:Dhruvasena I
623:
595:Gupta Empire
588:
514:
512:
502:
490:
488:
467:Sri-Bhaá¹Ärka
466:
458:
454:
439:
437:
423:
407:
403:
376:
363:
360:
331:
329:
263:Succeeded by
262:
257:
156:Siladitya VI
56:Coat of arms
3988:Kabul Shahi
3952:Rashtrakuta
2797:(1947â1960)
2787:(1947â1956)
2783:Kutch State
2777:(1948â1956)
2749:(1618â1947)
2738:(1819â1947)
2727:(1819â1947)
2723:Residencies
2716:(till 1948)
2705:(1858â1947)
2701:British Raj
2695:(1819â1858)
2691:Company Raj
2685:(1534â1961)
2672:(1819â1961)
2657:(1365â1947)
2653:Cutch State
2627:(1756â1819)
2617:(1573â1756)
2607:(1407â1573)
2597:(1320â1407)
2586:(1298â1320)
2575:(1298â1407)
2562:(1299â1819)
1861:Nandeshwara
1794:Khambhalida
1662:Shantinatha
1522:ÅilÄditya V
1473:Rashtrakuta
1448:Thar Desert
1335:Ravanavadha
1331:Bhattikavya
1273:Alchon Huns
900:DharmÄditya
826:ÅÄ«lÄditya I
808:Mahasamanta
687:Kalpa Sutra
626:Alchon Huns
540:Eran pillar
473:Dharasena I
338:kingdom in
258:Preceded by
216:Sovereignty
4245:Categories
4116:Pithipatis
3731:Virji 1955
3719:Virji 1955
3707:Virji 1955
3597:Virji 1955
3585:Virji 1955
3573:Virji 1955
3531:Virji 1955
3519:Virji 1955
3507:Virji 1955
3495:Virji 1955
3483:Virji 1955
3471:Virji 1955
3459:Virji 1955
3447:Virji 1955
3379:Virji 1955
3362:0226742210
3337:Virji 1955
3325:Virji 1955
3310:Virji 1955
3300:, pp.594-6
3270:Virji 1955
3258:Virji 1955
3246:Virji 1955
3234:Virji 1955
3207:Virji 1955
3190:Virji 1955
3178:Virji 1955
3166:Virji 1955
3098:Virji 1955
3083:Virji 1955
3054:Virji 1955
3026:Virji 1955
3014:Virji 1955
2967:Virji 1955
2939:References
2254:Epic India
2097:Jorwe Ware
2087:Malwa Ware
1976:Stone Age
1924:. An axe (
1823:, Kadvar,
1802:Saindhavas
1713:Gop Temple
1496:Saindhavas
1177:TOCHARIANS
1018:ZHANGZHUNG
962:South Asia
715:Dharapaá¹á¹a
670:Mihirakula
608:Bhanugupta
599:Bhanugupta
581:Bhanugupta
509:Droá¹asiá¹ha
449:under the
444:Saurashtra
432:Maheshwara
198:Dronasimha
116:Government
33:Shauraseni
3001:162126329
2423:Saindhava
2212:Janapadas
2190:Iron Age
1987:Stone Age
1873:Porbandar
1857:Shrinagar
1849:Porbandar
1829:Sutrapada
1825:Bileshwar
1729:at Kalsar
1568:Saindhava
1544:Saindhava
1540:Porbandar
1402:Panchasar
1235:CHALUKYAS
1206:MANDAVYA-
1036:SAMATATAS
1000:LICCHAVIS
779:James Tod
447:peninsula
101:Religion
3420:: 3â83.
2925:Trishula
2591: â
2580: â
2413:Maitraka
2232: â
2221: â
2210: â
2137: â
2126: â
2115: â
2095: â
2085: â
2058: â
2023: â
1918:Trishula
1890:shikhara
1678:Mahavira
1670:Adinatha
1560:Ksatrapa
1437:and the
1283:Buddhism
1226:THANESAR
1139:GONANDAS
1103:KALINGAS
1065:PALLAVAS
1056:KUNDINAS
1045:KAMARUPA
820:Palitana
804:Maharaja
738:Vallabhi
728:Guhasena
698:Mahavira
678:Vadnagar
658:Harisena
632:invaded
630:Toramana
614:â
515:Maharaja
499:Harisena
491:Senapati
455:Senapati
440:Senapati
428:Kshtrapa
412:Trishula
394:Bhaá¹Ärka
368:Maharaja
364:senapati
344:Bhatarka
202:Maharaja
181:Bhatarka
144:Bhatarka
119:Monarchy
109:Shaivism
105:Hinduism
91:Sanskrit
81:Vallabhi
4218:Related
4157:Tughlaq
4104:Oiniwar
4040:Chandra
3947:Gurjara
3893:Karkota
3866:Habbari
3861:Brahman
3434:1522666
3220:p.164ff
2807:(1960â)
2803:Gujarat
2764:(1947â)
2743: â
2732: â
2721: â
2710: â
2644:Gaekwad
2642: â
2632: â
2361: â
2303: â
2293: â
2283: â
2273: â
2263: â
1926:parashu
1897:Coinage
1869:Bhanvad
1865:Ranavav
1837:Magderu
1833:Pindara
1790:Uparkot
1742:Magderu
1682:Wadhwan
1654:temples
1604:Vishaya
1583:Vanthli
1504:Navsari
1500:Chavdas
1431:Gujarat
1323:Bharuch
1257:PERSIAN
1187:VALABHI
1166:WESTERN
1148:KANNAUJ
1093:ALCHONS
1054:VISHNU-
991:PANDYAS
800:Samanta
771:Gahlots
705:Dwarika
693:Nirvana
660:of the
652:of the
408:Reverse
404:Obverse
389:History
350:in the
348:General
334:was an
227:â¢
214:â¢
196:â¢
185:Valabhi
179:â¢
166:History
94:Prakrit
77:Capital
41:475â776
4162:Sayyid
4152:Khalji
4147:Mamluk
4099:Karnat
4062:Soomra
3903:Lohara
3898:Utpala
3690:
3646:
3556:
3432:
3359:
3296:
2999:
2634:Peshwa
1845:Dwarka
1821:Dwarka
1813:Ghumli
1758:Ghumli
1690:Girnar
1686:Ambika
1532:Godhra
1480:Junaid
1464:
1456:
1454:
1444:
1390:Ghogha
1307:Ujjain
1303:Ratlam
1259:EMPIRE
1248:CHURIS
1083:NEZAKS
1074:ALUPAS
1027:CHERAS
1009:CHOLAS
964:600 CE
924:Ujjain
902:. The
709:Garuda
680:. The
662:Ujjain
597:ruler
519:Ujjain
463:Girnar
383:Harsha
169:
129:
3998:Hindu
3430:JSTOR
2997:S2CID
2929:Shiva
2911:Notes
1922:Shiva
1658:Jinas
1609:Grama
1576:sindh
1492:Kutch
1429:into
1246:KALA-
1244:EARLY
1197:SINDH
1168:TURKS
1157:TAKKA
1121:GAUDA
982:MORIS
936:Kheda
908:Hará¹£a
857:Kutch
853:Malwa
764:Nandi
696:) of
668:king
634:Malwa
628:king
416:Shiva
4167:Lodi
4045:Sena
3993:Turk
3925:Pala
3688:ISBN
3644:ISBN
3554:ISBN
3357:ISBN
3294:ISBN
3153:help
2923:The
1881:kund
1878:Two
1853:Ghed
1792:and
1676:and
1572:Arab
1208:PURA
666:Huna
591:Eran
575:The
553:Eran
438:The
346:, a
330:The
3856:Rai
3619:doi
3422:doi
2989:doi
1494:),
1333:or
579:of
244:776
234:735
221:553
208:499
190:475
4247::
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3613:.
3538:^
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3418:26
3416:.
3412:.
3386:^
3371:^
3317:^
3277:^
3226:^
3197:^
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3105:^
3090:^
3061:^
3033:^
2995:.
2985:17
2983:.
2947:^
1940:or
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1859:,
1827:,
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
