2221:
49:
1551:
2592:
2038:
2051:
1818:
2414:
1547:, the smaller string ensemble with cimbalom remained the norm into the twentieth century. American klezmer as it developed in dancehalls and wedding banquets of the early twentieth century had a more complete orchestration not unlike those used in popular orchestras of the time. They use a clarinet, saxophone, or trumpet for the melody, and make great use of the trombone for slides and other flourishes.
168:
1880:
1916:
1760:
1002:. Beregovsky, writing in the 1930s, noted that despite the dance being very commonly played across a wide area, he suspected that it had its roots in an older German dance. This dance continued to be known in the United States even after other complex European klezmer dances had been forgotten. In some regions the music of a Sher could be interchangeable with a Freylekhs.
2173:
were often "Russian" cultural works translated into a
Yiddish context. After 1948, Soviet Jewish culture entered a phase of repression, meaning that Jewish music concerts, whether tied to Hebrew, Yiddish, or instrumental klezmer, were no longer allowed to be performed. Moisei Beregovsky's academic work was shut down in 1949 and he was arrested and deported to
160:
1539:, a large Turkish drum, and several extra violins. The inclusion of Jews in tsarist army bands during the 19th century may also have led to the introduction of typical military band instruments into klezmer. With such large orchestras, the music was arranged so that the bandleader soloist could still be heard at key moments. In
2155:
553:, and a general fall in the popularity of klezmer music in the United States, the music began to be popularized again in the late 1970s in the so-called Klezmer Revival. During the 1980s and onwards, musicians experimented with traditional and experimental forms of the genre, releasing fusion albums combining the genre with
740:
Few klezmer musicians before the late nineteenth century had formal musical training, but they inherited a rich tradition with its own advanced musical techniques. Each musician had their understanding of how the style should be "correctly" performed. The usage of these ornaments was not random; the
2421:
The 1980s saw a second wave of revival, as interest grew in more traditionally inspired performances with string instruments, largely with non-Jews of the United States and
Germany. Musicians began to track down older European klezmer, by listening to recordings, finding transcriptions, and making
2172:
Jewish music in the Soviet Union, and the continued use of klezmer music, went through several phases of official support or censorship. The officially supported Soviet Jewish musical culture of 1920s involved works based on or satirizing traditional melodies and themes, whereas those of the 1930s
509:
of
Central and Eastern Europe. The essential elements of the tradition include dance tunes, ritual melodies, and virtuosic improvisations played for listening; these would have been played at weddings and other social functions. The musical genre incorporated elements of many other musical genres
2177:
in 1951. The repression was eased in the mid-1950s as some Jewish and
Yiddish performances were allowed to return to the stage once again. However, the main venue for klezmer has always been traditional community events and weddings, not the concert stage or academic institute; those traditional
2488:
A separate klezmer tradition had developed in Israel in the 20th century. Clarinetists Moshe Berlin and Avrum Leib
Burstein are known exponents of the klezmer style in Israel. To preserve and promote klezmer music in Israel, Burstein founded the Jerusalem Klezmer Association, which has become a
1558:
The melody in klezmer music is generally assigned to the lead violin, although occasionally the flute and eventually clarinet. The other instrumentalists provide harmony, rhythm, and some counterpoint (the latter usually coming from the second violin or viola). The clarinet now often plays the
900:
The repertoire of klezmer musicians was very diverse and tied to specific social functions and dances, especially of the traditional wedding. These melodies might have a non-Jewish origin, or have been composed by a klezmer, but only rarely are they attributed to a specific composer. Generally
860:
describes krekhts as "a sort of weeping or hiccoughing combination of backwards slide and flick of the little finger high above the base note, while the bow does, well, something – which aptly imitates Jewish liturgical singing style." He also noted that the only other place he has heard this
2191:
The first klezmers to arrive in the United States followed the first large waves of
Eastern European Jewish immigration which began after 1880, establishing themselves mainly in large cities like New York, Philadelphia and Boston. Klezmers—often younger members of klezmer families, or less
657:
it came to refer not only to the musician but to the musical genre they played, a meaning which it had not had in
Yiddish. Early 20th century recording industry materials and other writings had referred to it as Hebrew, Jewish, or Yiddish dance music, or sometimes using the Yiddish term
4747:"Unser Rebbe, unser Stalin – ": jiddische Lieder aus den St. Petersburger Sammlungen von Moishe Beregowski (1892–1961) und Sofia Magid (1892–1954); Einleitung, Texte, Noten mit DVD: Verzeichnis der gesamten weiteren 416 Titel, Tondokumente der bearbeiteten und nichtbearbeiteten Lieder
2122:
was one such figure, who sought to find an ancient Middle
Eastern origin for Jewish music in the diaspora. There was also new interest in collecting and studying Jewish music and folklore, including Yiddish songs, folk tales, and instrumental music. An early expedition was by
2168:
Beregovsky, writing in the late 1930s, lamented how little scholars knew about the range of playing technique and social context of
Klezmers from past eras, except for the late nineteenth century which could be investigated through elderly musicians who still remembered it.
2208:, as in Europe. Those early generations of klezmers are much more poorly documented than those working in the 1910s and 1920s; many never recorded or published music, although some are remembered through family or community history, such as the Lemish klezmer family of
844:
and typical klezmer cadences are also important to the style. In particular, the cadences which draw on religious Jewish music identify a piece more strongly as a klezmer tune, even if its broader structure was borrowed from a non-Jewish source. Sometimes the term
1502:(wedding entertainer), although their performances were typically improvised couplets and the calling of ceremonies rather than songs. (The importance of the Badchen gradually decreased by the twentieth century, although they still continued in some traditions.)
2228:
The vitality of the Jewish music industry in major
American cities attracted ever more klezmers from Europe in the 1910s. This coincided with the development of the recording industry, which recorded a number of these klezmer orchestras. By the time of the
1795:. It is among the most common modes in Klezmer and is closely identified with Jewish identity; Beregovsky estimated that roughly a quarter of the Klezmer music he had collected was in Freygish. Among the most well-known pieces composed in this mode are "
2361:
Along with the rise of klezmer "big bands" in the 1910s and 1920s, a handful of Jewish clarinet players who had led those bands became celebrities in their own right, with a legacy that lasted into subsequent decades. The most popular among these were
2352:
by 1930, the market for Yiddish and klezmer recordings in the United States saw a steep decline, which essentially ended the recording career of many of the popular bandleaders of the 1910s and 1920s, and made the large klezmer orchestra less viable.
2030:), and therefore to set their own fees, hire Christians, and so on. Therefore over time this new form of professional musician developed new forms of music and elaborated this tradition across a wide area of Eastern European Jewish life. The rise of
760:, and paraliturgical song, extending the range of human voice into the musical expression possible on instruments. Among those stylistic elements that are considered typically "Jewish" in klezmer music are those which are shared with cantorial or
2465:
In the 1990s, musicians from the San Francisco Bay Area helped further interest in klezmer music by taking it into new territory. Groups such as the New Klezmer Trio inspired a new wave of bands merging klezmer with other forms of music, such as
1522:
and up to twenty for a prestigious occasion. (However, for poor weddings a large klezmer ensemble might only send three or four of its junior members.) In these larger orchestras, on top of the core instrumentation of strings and woodwinds,
1518:. In the mid-nineteenth century, the Clarinet started to appear in those small Klezmer ensembles as well. By the last decades of the century, in Ukraine, the orchestras had grown larger, averaging seven to twelve members, and incorporating
736:
music, it also borrowed from the surrounding folk musics of Central and Eastern Europe and from cosmopolitan European musical forms. Therefore it evolved into an overall style which has recognizable elements from all of those other genres.
2085:
Unlike in the United States, where there was a robust Klezmer recording industry, there was relatively less recorded in Europe in the early twentieth century. The majority of European recordings of Jewish music consisted of Cantorial and
1998:
discouraged musical instruments. Therefore, while there may have been Jewish musicians in different times and places since then, the "Klezmer" arose much more recently. The earliest written record of the use of the word was identified by
1743:
Because there is no agreed-upon, complete system for describing modes in Klezmer music, this list is imperfect and may conflate concepts which some scholars view as separate. Another problem in listing these terms as simple eight-note
1505:
As for the klezmer orchestra, its size and composition varied by time and place. The klezmer bands of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century were small, with roughly three to five musicians playing woodwind or
1563:
and keyed German trumpet—eventually inherited a counter-voice role. Modern klezmer instrumentation is more commonly influenced by the instruments of the 19th-century military bands than the earlier orchestras.
3220:
Schultz, Julia (September 2019). "The impact of Yiddish on the English language: An overview of lexical borrowing in the variety of subject areas and spheres of life influenced by Yiddish over time".
7596:
3424:
Rubin, Joel (2009). "'Like a String of Pearls': Reflections on the Role of Brass Instrumentalists in Jewish Instrumental Klezmer Music and the Trope of 'Jewish Jazz'". In Weiner, Howard T. (ed.).
1731:
Finally, some Klezmer music, and especially that composed in the United States from the mid-twentieth century onwards, may not be composed with these traditional modes, but rather built around
748:
Klezmer musicians apply the overall style to available specific techniques on each melodic instrument. They incorporate and elaborate the vocal melodies of Jewish religious practice, including
1616:
and modal progression. But, as with other types of Ashkenazic Jewish music, it has a complex system of modes which were used in its compositions. Many of its melodies do not fit well in the
4720:
Sholokhova, Lyudmila (2004). "Zinoviy Kiselhof as a Founder of Jewish Musical Folklore Studies in the Russian Empire at the Beginning of the 20th Century.". In Grözinger, Karl-Erich (ed.).
1234:. Although there are many regional types of doina in Romania and Moldova, the Jewish form is typically simpler, with a minor key theme which is then repeated in a major key, followed by a
1728:. This approach dates back to Idelsohn in the early twentieth century, who was very familiar with Middle Eastern music, and has been developed in the past decade by Joshua Horowitz.
2034:
in the late eighteenth century and onwards also contributed to the development of klezmer, due to their emphasis on dancing and wordless melodies as a component of Jewish practice.
6885:
1705:, minor, and "other" modes, which he described in technical terms. In his 1940s works he noted that the majority of the klezmer repertoire seemed to be in a minor key, whether
2794:
they were also portrayed as great artists and virtuosos who delighted the masses. Klezmers also appeared in non-Jewish Eastern European literature, such as in the epic poem
1498:
Klezmer music is an instrumental tradition, without much of a history of songs or singing. In Eastern Europe, Klezmers did traditionally accompany the vocal stylings of the
4155:
7852:
2066:
folk violinists, and who composed dance and display pieces that became widespread even after the composers were gone. Among these figures were Aron-Moyshe Kholodenko "
620:, possibly as a response to the new status of the musicians who were at that time forming professional guilds. Previously the musician may have been referred to as a
530:
folk dances, and religious Jewish music. As the music arrived in the United States, it lost some of its traditional ritual elements and adopted elements of American
5599:
2118:, and their newfound access to academic and conservatory training, created a class of scholars who began to reexamine and evaluate klezmer using modern techniques.
2474:
klezmer/jazz/Middle-Eastern fusion band Davka. The New Orleans Klezmer All-Stars also formed in 1991 with a mixture of New Orleans funk, jazz, and klezmer styles.
6340:
4619:
2599:
The figure of the klezmer, as a romantic symbol of nineteenth century Jewish life, appeared in the art of a number of twentieth century Jewish artists such as
6850:
6332:
1640:
in the nineteenth century, is often used instead, and indeed many klezmer compositions draw heavily on religious music. But it also incorporates elements of
901:
klezmer music can be divided into two broad categories: music for specific dances, and music for listening (at the table, in processions, ceremonial, etc.).
2786:
In Jewish literature, the klezmer was often represented as a romantic and somewhat unsavory figure. However, in nineteenth century works by writers such as
2477:
Starting in 2008, "The Other Europeans" project, funded by several EU cultural institutions, spent a year doing intensive field research in the region of
5991:
2541:
can be interpreted as having been derived from klezmer, as can the "freilach swing" playing of other Jewish artists of the period such as trumpeter
638:
became the preferred term for these professional musicians in Yiddish-speaking Eastern Europe, other types of musicians were more commonly known as
6764:
1756:, how parts of different modes typically interact, and what the cultural significance of a given mode might be in a traditional Klezmer context.
7142:
6719:
5145:
5019:
Loeffler, James (2002). "3: Di Rusishe Progresiv Muzikal Yunyon No. 1 fun Amerike The First Klezmer Union in America". In Slobin, Mark (ed.).
5707:
5672:
5649:
5053:
5028:
2148:
2058:
The nineteenth century also saw the rise of a number of klezmer violin virtuosos who combined the techniques of classical violinists such as
973:, became the most popular klezmer dance form in the United States. Its origin is thought to be in Moldavia and with a deep connection to the
475:
5533:
5971:
2340:. Another such group was the Boibriker Kapelle, which performed on the radio and in concerts trying to recreate a nostalgic, old-fashioned
6965:
4270:
2565:
2005:
653:
It was not until the late 20th century that the word "klezmer" became a commonly known English-language term. During that time, through
192:
3433:
2200:. Some of them found work in restaurants, dance halls, union rallies, wine cellars, and other modern venues in places like New York's
721:, sets it apart from other genres. Although klezmer music emerged from a larger Eastern European Jewish musical culture that included
3823:
Yudishe entsiḳlopedye far Yudishe geshikhṭe, ḳulṭur, religye, filozofye, liṭeraṭur, biografye, bibliografye un andere Yudishe inyonim
2552:
in particular admired klezmer music for embracing both the ecstasy and the despair of human life, and quoted several melodies in his
764:
vocal ornaments, including imitations of sighing or laughing. Various Yiddish terms were used for these vocal-like ornaments such as
7747:
6394:
5912:
5791:
5766:
5474:
5449:
5402:
5377:
5353:
5328:
5277:
5252:
5209:
5128:
5000:
4950:
4900:
4875:
4779:
4754:
4729:
4704:
4642:
4603:
4578:
4538:
4513:
4469:
4414:
4363:
4253:
4228:
4135:
4039:
4014:
3974:
3946:
3921:
3896:
3846:
3804:
3779:
3751:
3726:
3701:
3551:
3509:
3486:
3458:
3347:
3289:
3264:
3149:
3043:
3018:
2993:
2968:
2940:
2659:
2533:" suggests this influence, although the composer did not compose klezmer directly. Some clarinet stylings of swing jazz bandleaders
296:
5574:
2220:
5225:
2018:, as references to them have been found as early as 1511 and 1533. It was in the 1600s that the situation of Jewish musicians in
4093:
2561:
1306:
context, may be slower than non-Jewish waltzes and intended for listening while the wedding parties are seated at their tables.
534:
and popular music. Among the European-born klezmers who popularized the genre in the United States in the 1910s and 1920s were
1933:. In klezmer music, it is often found in greeting and parting pieces, as well as dance tunes. It has some similarities to the
5816:
5184:
4975:
4925:
4804:
4156:"Full Text: Cross-Repertoire Motifs in Liturgical Music of the Ashkenazi Tradition: An Initial Lay of the Land by Boaz Tarsi"
3871:
3204:
2915:
2233:, the industry turned its attention to ethnic dance music and a number of bandleaders were hired by record companies such as
1591:
and often has a cymbal or piece of metal mounted on top, which is struck by a beater or a small cymbal strapped to the hand.
2548:
At the same time, non-Jewish composers were also turning to klezmer for a prolific source of fascinating thematic material.
7742:
6925:
6535:
6321:
2398:. They drew their repertoire from recordings and surviving musicians of U.S. klezmer. In particular, clarinetists such as
48:
5294:
2147:, Soviet scholars of Yiddish and klezmer music. Most of the materials collected in those expeditions are now held by the
1648:
of the 1970s, the terms for Jewish prayer modes are the most common to describe those used in klezmer. The terms used in
7837:
6940:
6801:
5890:
5835:
2557:
2103:
5809:
Yiddish American popular songs, 1895 to 1950 : a catalog based on the Lawrence Marwick roster of copyright entries
5177:
Yiddish American popular songs, 1895 to 1950 : a catalog based on the Lawrence Marwick roster of copyright entries
4968:
Yiddish American popular songs, 1895 to 1950 : a catalog based on the Lawrence Marwick roster of copyright entries
2513:
While traditional performances may have been on the decline, many Jewish composers who had mainstream success, such as
7779:
6903:
6509:
5094:
2431:
1644:
and Eastern European folk musics, making description based only on religious terminology incomplete. Still, since the
543:
3571:
3169:
3060:
7406:
7098:
7086:
6699:
6672:
6404:
2699:
2648:
2471:
1550:
7752:
7675:
7343:
6995:
6930:
6910:
6111:
5739:
2842:
2801:
2580:
2395:
2279:
468:
7847:
7827:
7423:
7418:
7267:
5964:
3525:
2485:
roots, and fuse the music of the two "other European" groups. The resulting band now performs internationally.
2341:
2290:
2246:
1792:
1540:
1129:, a very broad term which can refer to melodies for listening, singing or dancing. Usually a mid-paced song in
841:
4840:
3513:
3821:
2090:
music, with only a few dozen known to exist of Klezmer music. These include violin pieces by artists such as
925:
and intended for group circle dances. Depending on the location this basic dance may also have been called a
7719:
7704:
7611:
7480:
7000:
5095:"The Sounds of Fighting Men, Howlin' Wolf and Comedy Icon Among 25 Named to the National Recording Registry"
2591:
2345:
2266:
Among the European-born klezmers recording during that decade were some from the Ukrainian territory of the
2050:
1780:
377:
4304:"At the Intersection of Music Theory and Ideology: A. Z. Idelsohn and the Ashkenazi Prayer Mode Magen Avot"
7832:
7616:
7177:
6915:
6741:
6704:
6545:
6444:
5070:"Columbia Repertoire History: Foreign Language Recordings – Discography of American Historical Recordings"
2600:
1838:
1568:
183:
83:
4380:
1674:), "manner, mode of life", which describes the typical melodic character, important notes and scale; and
7842:
7579:
7262:
7037:
7030:
6898:
6709:
6370:
6226:
5861:
2837:
2787:
2124:
2119:
1960:
1900:
1698:
1633:
718:
2178:
venues were repressed along with Jewish culture in general, according to anti-religious Soviet policy.
2037:
435:
1697:
and was constrained by having to downplay klezmer's religious aspects, did not use the terminology of
1612:, and is primarily an oral tradition which does not have a well-established literature to explain its
7569:
7564:
7475:
7470:
7120:
7025:
6746:
5395:
New York klezmer in the early twentieth century : the music of Naftule Brandwein and Dave Tarras
4993:
New York klezmer in the early twentieth century : the music of Naftule Brandwein and Dave Tarras
4943:
New York klezmer in the early twentieth century : the music of Naftule Brandwein and Dave Tarras
4571:
New York klezmer in the early twentieth century : the music of Naftule Brandwein and Dave Tarras
4356:
New York klezmer in the early twentieth century : the music of Naftule Brandwein and Dave Tarras
4221:
New York klezmer in the early twentieth century : the music of Naftule Brandwein and Dave Tarras
4128:
New York klezmer in the early twentieth century : the music of Naftule Brandwein and Dave Tarras
3340:
New York klezmer in the early twentieth century : the music of Naftule Brandwein and Dave Tarras
2847:
2642:
1725:
1629:
461:
314:
261:
256:
230:
4661:
Wollock, Jeffrey (Spring 1997). "European Recordings of Jewish Instrumental Folk Music, 1911–1914".
2324:
The mid-1920s also saw a number of popular novelty "Klezmer" groups which performed on the radio or
964:
7757:
7606:
7537:
7311:
7277:
7216:
7204:
7187:
6973:
6789:
6659:
6489:
6048:
5957:
5865:
5153:
2604:
2549:
2260:
2000:
599:
167:
5676:
4820:
Wollock, Jeffrey (Spring 2003). "Soviet Recordings of Jewish Instrumental Folk Music, 1937–1939".
2818:
music teacher is named Herr Julius Klesmer. The novel was later adapted into a Yiddish musical by
1701:, except in some early work in 1929. Instead, he relied on German-inspired musical terminology of
849:
is used only for trills, while other use it for all klezmer ornaments. Unlike in Classical music,
7660:
7655:
7633:
7559:
7532:
7522:
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7428:
7328:
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7245:
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5537:
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4331:
4196:
3403:
3237:
2371:
2329:
2275:
2193:
2136:
1904:
674:
5321:
New York klezmer in the early twentieth century: the music of Naftule Brandwein and Dave Tarras
3011:
New York klezmer in the early twentieth century: the music of Naftule Brandwein and Dave Tarras
2933:
New York klezmer in the early twentieth century: the music of Naftule Brandwein and Dave Tarras
2422:
field recordings of the few klezmorim left in Eastern Europe. Key performers in this style are
7549:
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7485:
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7194:
7150:
7110:
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6580:
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3775:
3747:
3722:
3697:
3547:
3505:
3482:
3454:
3429:
3395:
3343:
3310:
Netsky, Hankus (Winter 1998). "An overview of klezmer music and its development in the U.S.".
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3260:
3200:
3145:
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3014:
2989:
2964:
2936:
2911:
2906:
Beregovsky, Moishe (1982). "4. Jewish Instrumental Folk Music (1937)". In Slobin, Mark (ed.).
2730:
2514:
2481:
under the leadership of Alan Bern and scholar Zev Feldman. They wanted to explore klezmer and
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2294:
2283:
2140:
1788:
1687:
1507:
1430:
742:
670:
539:
449:
291:
5639:
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In the mid-to-late 1970s there was a klezmer revival in the United States and Europe, led by
2212:, Romania, who arrived in Philadelphia in the 1880s and established a klezmer dynasty there.
1390:
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7801:
7769:
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7211:
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7125:
6772:
6525:
6520:
6282:
6263:
5295:"Historic Records as Historical Records: Hersh Gross and His Boiberiker Kapelye (1927–1932)"
4594:
Beregovski, Moshe; Rothstein, Robert; Bjorling, Kurt; Alpert, Michael; Slobin, Mark (2020).
4315:
3387:
3229:
2760:
2619:, was quite taken by the romantic images of the Klezmer in literature, and in particular in
2530:
2349:
2318:
2059:
1858:
1817:
1649:
1625:
1519:
1511:
1398:
910:
Freylekhs. The simplest and most widespread type of klezmer dance tunes are those played in
612:" in a Yiddish context evolved to describe musicians instead of their instruments, first in
576:
492:
268:
159:
2204:. But the major source of income for klezmer musicians seems to have remained weddings and
602:". This expression would have been familiar to literate Jews across the diaspora, not only
7734:
7665:
7638:
7517:
7512:
7497:
7333:
7250:
7064:
7005:
6985:
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6858:
6724:
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6610:
6598:
6515:
6414:
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6121:
6036:
5894:
2819:
2791:
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2526:
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2337:
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2238:
2230:
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2197:
2132:
2087:
2075:
2031:
1872:
1745:
1732:
1645:
1605:
1378:
1303:
1271:
880:
The accompaniment style of the accompanist or orchestra could be fairly impromptu, called
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857:
837:
829:
761:
733:
726:
714:
580:
277:
244:
98:
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2873:
2470:'s Masada and Bar Kokhba, Naftule's Dream, Don Byron's Mickey Katz project and violinist
2106:, the Russian-Jewish Orchestra, Jewish Wedding Orchestra, and Titunshnayder's Orchestra.
1567:
Percussion in early 20th-century klezmer recordings was generally minimal—no more than a
1206:). It features hopping steps and short bursts of running, accompanied by triplets in the
7764:
7709:
7670:
7621:
7586:
7554:
7507:
7338:
7160:
7115:
7010:
6950:
6935:
6863:
6816:
6777:
6502:
6464:
6434:
6241:
6178:
2810:
2722:
2705:
2664:
2653:
2637:
2612:
2572:
2459:
2447:
2435:
2403:
2267:
2234:
2115:
1935:
1868:
1842:
1752:
is that it makes it harder to see how Klezmer melodic structures can work as five-note
1609:
1584:
1394:
1387:. By the twentieth century it had mostly become obsolete and was replaced by the doina.
1227:
603:
519:
511:
506:
430:
401:
394:
389:
382:
365:
357:
131:
93:
88:
31:
5871:
5146:"Fon der Choope (From the Wedding) - Abe Elenkrig's Yidishe Orchestra (April 4, 1913)"
4596:
Jewish instrumental folk music : the collections and writings of Moshe Beregovski
1164:, Polish and Czech dances, respectively, were often played for both Jews and Gentiles.
1109:
time, which originated in Ukraine, and is prominent in the folk music of that country.
7816:
7784:
7648:
7574:
7377:
7020:
7015:
6873:
6811:
6729:
6645:
6640:
6590:
6409:
6355:
6085:
6073:
6058:
6031:
6024:
6019:
5897:, two podcasts (currently inactive) which interviewed klezmer performers and scholars
4335:
3407:
3241:
2751:
2736:
2553:
2534:
2522:
2518:
2402:
and Max Epstein became mentors to this new generation of klezmer musicians. In 1985,
2387:
2383:
2348:, which greatly restricted Jewish immigration from Europe, and then the onset of the
2314:
2310:
2102:, Leon Ahl, and Josef Solinski; flute pieces by S. Kosch, and ensemble recordings by
2091:
2079:
1987:
1930:
1833:
1784:
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1721:
1717:
1706:
1694:
1641:
1434:
1325:
862:
801:
681:
550:
527:
523:
348:
331:
249:
113:
108:
4485:
Zaagsma, Gerben (2000). "The Klezmorim of Prague: About a Jewish Musicians' Guild".
7443:
7382:
7372:
7306:
7284:
7103:
7052:
6821:
6625:
6615:
6530:
6459:
6454:
6365:
6202:
6173:
6148:
6126:
6068:
2805:
2616:
2608:
2391:
2306:
2298:
2253:, a barber and cornet player from a klezmer family in Ukraine whose 1913 recording
2250:
2242:
1810:
1806:
1716:
Another set of terminology sometimes used to describe klezmer music is that of the
1613:
1328:) can be non-Jewish march melodies adapted into joyful singing or playing contexts.
1081:. In the United States, it came to be one of the main dance types after the Bulgar.
1053:
984:
980:
809:
693:
326:
319:
305:
174:
103:
7130:
7091:
4319:
3376:"Musical Fusion and Allusion in the Core and the Transitional Klezmer Repertoires"
2521:, continued to be influenced by the klezmeric idioms heard during their youth (as
680:
The first postwar recordings to use the term "klezmer" to refer to the music were
2800:, which depicted a character named Jankiel Cymbalist, or in the short stories of
7789:
7774:
7392:
7387:
6920:
6734:
6687:
6620:
6479:
6474:
6469:
6439:
6429:
6375:
6360:
6297:
6248:
6216:
6207:
6197:
6190:
6053:
5868:, including the handwritten scores of a number of early American klezmer artists
5226:"Lt. Joseph Frankel's Orchestra - Discography of American Historical Recordings"
4529:
Horowitz, Joshua (2012). "9. The Klezmer Accordion". In Simonett, Helena (ed.).
4303:
4055:
2815:
2796:
2673:
2542:
2455:
2399:
2367:
2271:
2144:
2095:
1879:
1796:
1426:
1202:
1167:
974:
833:
745:
and restraint were and remain important elements of how to interpret the music.
666:
535:
515:
408:
370:
118:
4682:
Chekhov's Band: Eastern European Klezmer Music from the EMI archives, 1908–1913
7729:
7714:
7680:
7353:
7316:
7272:
7238:
7182:
6838:
6782:
6682:
6677:
6635:
6630:
6603:
6424:
6419:
6268:
6231:
6221:
6168:
6143:
6080:
5980:
4797:
Soviet and kosher : Jewish popular culture in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939
3670:
3501:
3233:
2694:
2538:
2482:
2423:
2325:
2099:
2063:
1991:
1908:
1753:
1576:
1572:
1536:
1444:
Parting melodies played at the beginning or end of a wedding day, such as the
866:
805:
558:
442:
425:
5887:
5880:. Comprehensive cross-reference to klezmer recordings and sheet music sources
4531:
The accordion in the Americas : klezmer, polka, tango, zydeco, and more!
4327:
3399:
3116:
Mazor, Yaacov; Seroussi, Edwin (1990). "Towards a Hasidic Lexicon of Music".
2908:
Old Jewish folk music : the collections and writings of Moshe Beregovski
2719:(1996), aired 29 June 1996 on Great Performances (PBS/WNET television series)
1907:. It is sometimes called the "Jewish major". It has some similarities to the
1575:. In Eastern Europe, percussion was often provided by a drummer who played a
7794:
7724:
6990:
6563:
6302:
6258:
6185:
6163:
6153:
6116:
6095:
6063:
5949:
5930:
2727:(1998, directed by Jean-Jacques Zilbermann with soundtrack by Giora Feidman)
2624:
2467:
2128:
2071:
2054:
Portrait of Pedotser (A. M. Kholodenko), nineteenth century klezmer virtuoso
1915:
1759:
1702:
1621:
1617:
1588:
1091:
825:
817:
143:
2430:, Khevrisa, Di Naye Kapelye, Yale Strom, The Chicago Klezmer Ensemble, The
2011:
4094:"The Klezmer Ahava Rabboh Shteyger: Mode, Sub-mode, and Modal Progression"
3391:
2773:
873:
by American violinists gradually diminished since the 1940s, but with the
7490:
7433:
7233:
7228:
7047:
6978:
6570:
6158:
6090:
6041:
2492:
Since the late 1980s, an annual klezmer festival is held every summer in
2478:
2427:
2407:
2333:
2067:
1710:
1532:
1528:
1515:
1438:
945:
756:
722:
654:
531:
286:
221:
216:
147:
6307:
4918:
Soviet and kosher: Jewish popular culture in the Soviet Union, 1923–1939
4200:
4184:
3621:
Avenary, Hanoch (1960). "The Musical Vocabulary of Ashkenazic Hazanim".
3375:
2575:
incorporate aspects of klezmer music, most notably his 2006 composition
2529:
was familiar with klezmer music, and the opening clarinet glissando of "
2332:'s Yiddish-American Jazz Band, whose members would dress as parodies of
2131:
in 1900. The first figure to collect large amounts of klezmer music was
713:
The traditional style of playing klezmer music, including tone, typical
17:
7626:
7348:
7255:
7170:
7042:
6575:
6350:
6292:
6253:
6131:
5575:"The annual Safed Klezmer Festival returns to wow the north of Israel!"
2876:. Humanities: The Magazine of the National Endowment for the Humanities
2302:
2209:
2174:
1983:
1544:
1499:
1267:
1157:
1017:
850:
772:
613:
418:
204:
5743:
1437:
or "oriental" style, and melodies may incorporate references to Greek
7294:
7199:
7074:
7069:
6833:
6806:
6014:
5759:
Klezmer: Music and Community in Twentieth-Century Jewish Philadelphia
5442:
Klezmer: Music and Community in Twentieth-Century Jewish Philadelphia
5046:
Klezmer: Music and Community in Twentieth-Century Jewish Philadelphia
4697:
Klezmer: Music and Community in Twentieth-Century Jewish Philadelphia
4407:
Klezmer: Music and Community in Twentieth-Century Jewish Philadelphia
2497:
2489:
center for learning and performance of klezmer music in the country.
2443:
2205:
2192:
established musicians—started to arrive from the Russian Empire, the
2019:
2015:
1637:
1560:
1524:
1433:. There is no dance for this type of melody, rather it references an
1377:
is a freeform fantasy on a particular motif, ornamented with trills,
1374:
1207:
750:
617:
542:; they were followed by American-born musicians such as Max Epstein,
413:
199:
6287:
4722:
Klesmer, Klassik, jiddisches Lied: jüdische Musikkultur in Osteuropa
4185:"Modulation as an Integral Part of the Modal System in Jewish Music"
2910:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 530–548.
2579:. The piece is for klezmer clarinet (written for Jewish clarinetist
665:
Twentieth century Russian scholars sometimes used the term klezmer;
1624:
terminology used in Western music, nor is the music systematically
7411:
6828:
6794:
6553:
6136:
5849:
5559:
3257:
Sounding Jewish in Berlin: klezmer music and the contemporary city
2590:
2493:
2412:
2219:
2154:
2153:
2139:
from 1907 to 1915. He was soon followed by other scholars such as
2049:
2036:
2023:
1995:
1914:
1878:
1816:
1758:
1549:
1284:
1263:
1231:
1161:
1147:
1125:
1063:
943:(round dance, literally the Belarusian translation of the Russian
729:
209:
5348:(2nd ed.). New York: Schirmer Trade Books. pp. 99–109.
5272:(2nd ed.). New York: Schirmer Trade Books. pp. 107–11.
6558:
5855:
5490:
5421:
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara (1998). "Sounds of sensibility".
3078:
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, Barbara (1998). "Sounds of Sensibility".
1713:, and that around a fifth of the repertoire was in a major key.
554:
5953:
5836:
YIVO Encyclopedia article on Traditional and Instrumental Music
4272:
Chasing Yiddishkayt: A concerto in the context of Klezmer music
853:
is used sparingly, and is treated as another type of ornament.
7438:
5904:
How Sweet the Sound: Music in the Spiritual Lives of Americans
5877:
5864:, a collection of public domain and unpublished scores in the
549:
After the destruction of Jewish life in Eastern Europe during
5883:
5874:, an open archive of digitized Yiddish and klezmer recordings
1514:
today, typically a lead violinist, second violin, cello, and
5845:
1963:
scale that frequently flattens the second and fifth degrees.
1150:
were very popular, whether classical, Russian, or Polish. A
1050:. The dance steps can be performed in a circle or in a line.
166:
158:
5992:
Music on the World Register of Intangible Cultural Heritage
5515:
4970:. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. pp. xix=xxi.
4558:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Bialik Institute. pp. 110–114.
4034:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 100–116.
3941:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 111–113.
3891:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 100–111.
3841:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 146–156.
3799:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 232–233.
3774:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 220–227.
3721:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 261–273.
3696:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 275–298.
3546:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 375–385.
3163:
3161:
2988:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 208–210.
5841:
3259:. Oxford New York, : Oxford University Press. p. 87.
1510:. Another common configuration in that era was similar to
1474:(good night) etc. These types of pieces were sometimes in
856:
In an article about Jewish music in Romania, Bob Cohen of
5573:
Out and AboutUpcoming Events·1 min read (20 March 2023).
5372:. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers. 2007. p. 86.
5323:. Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer. pp. 260–263.
4799:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. xv–xx.
4699:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 10–11.
4508:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 71–73.
4464:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 62–63.
4434:(in Hebrew). Jerusalem: Bialik Institute. pp. 29–45.
4409:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 19–21.
3969:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 93–96.
3144:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 61–67.
3038:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. pp. 216–8.
2704:(1996), about a klezmer-playing clarinetist, directed by
5346:
Klezmer! : Jewish music from Old World to our world
5270:
Klezmer! : Jewish music from Old World to our world
5245:
Klezmer! : Jewish music from Old World to our world
5179:. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. p. xxxiv.
5121:
Klezmer! : Jewish music from Old World to our world
5048:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 98–9.
4130:. Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer. pp. 122–74.
1709:
or others, that around a quarter of the material was in
616:
in the second half of the sixteenth century and then in
5858:, an academic group aiming to study and discuss klezmer
5444:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 4–5.
5423:
Judaism: A Quarterly Journal of Jewish Life and Thought
4920:. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 3–4.
4598:(Second ed.). Evanston, Illinois. pp. I7–I9.
3864:
Voices of a people : the story of Yiddish folksong
3013:. Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer. pp. 71–74.
2691:
The Last Klezmer: Leopold Kozlowski: His Life and Music
1489:
which may have given an air of dignity and seriousness.
1393:
or fantasy is a freeform song, traditionally played at
5811:. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. p. xix.
5204:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 279.
4870:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 129.
4637:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 149.
4009:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 115.
3746:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 147.
3537:
3535:
3533:
3479:
Fiddler on the move : exploring the klezmer world
3380:
Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies
2961:
Fiddler on the move : exploring the klezmer world
1604:
Klezmer music is a genre that developed partly in the
1154:
was a sort of Russian/Spanish waltz known to klezmers.
1121:
which could be played either for dancing or listening.
5786:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 60.
5397:. Rochester, NY: Rochester University. pp. 2–4.
4774:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 24.
4533:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 195.
4297:
4295:
4293:
4248:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 40.
3765:
3763:
3472:
3470:
3453:. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 39.
3333:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3325:
2823:
2254:
1982:
The Bible has several descriptions of orchestras and
1954:
1948:
1942:
1924:
1894:
1888:
1862:
1852:
1826:
1800:
1774:
1768:
1686:), a word meaning "taste" which was commonly used by
1675:
1663:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1405:
1382:
1368:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1319:
1310:
1278:
1257:
1249:
1241:
1235:
1221:
1116:
1084:
1057:
1011:
1005:
968:
956:
950:
938:
932:
926:
887:
795:
783:
645:
639:
633:
621:
607:
570:
5761:. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. p. 9.
4358:. Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer. p. 364.
4223:. Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer. p. 361.
4121:
4119:
4117:
3960:
3958:
3866:(2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 251.
3504:, "The absolutely complete klezmer songbook", 2006,
3481:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 98–122.
3428:. Lanham, MD: The Scarecrow Press. pp. 77–102.
3342:. Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer. p. 176.
3135:
3133:
3131:
2046:
The Eastern European klezmer profession (1700–1930s)
1559:
melody. Brass instruments—such as the French valved
7695:
7595:
7141:
6964:
6884:
6849:
6763:
6658:
6589:
6544:
6488:
6393:
6331:
6320:
6104:
6007:
5998:
4995:. Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer. p. 36.
4945:. Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer. p. 39.
4573:. Rochester, NY: Rochester University. p. 28.
3664:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3652:
2935:. Rochester, NY: Boydell & Brewer. p. 29.
2127:, who collected folk melodies in his birthplace of
1274:, which inspires spiritual arousal or a pious mood.
800:, "pressure" or "stress"). Other ornaments such as
138:
127:
73:
65:
55:
41:
5579:The ESSENTIAL guide to Israel | iGoogledIsrael.com
5023:. University of California Press. pp. 35–51.
3916:. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press. pp. 106–107.
3826:(in Yiddish). Warsaw: Yehudiyah. pp. 163–166.
3650:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3632:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
1226:is a freeform instrumental form borrowed from the
587:, meaning "tools, utensils or instruments of" and
134:ceremonies, especially weddings, in Eastern Europe
5725:Анатолий Львович Каплан. Anatoliĭ Lʹvovich Kaplan
4349:
4347:
4345:
4214:
4212:
4210:
2110:Klezmer in the late Russian empire and Soviet era
2041:Medieval Jewish wedding procession (date unknown)
1600:Western, Cantorial, and Ottoman music terminology
5727:. Leningrad: Khudozhnik RSFSR. pp. 234–236.
5467:Fiddler on the move: exploring the klezmer world
5014:
5012:
4556:הכליזמרים : תולדותיהם, אורח-חיים ויצירותיהם
4449:(in Hebrew). New York: Futuro Press. p. 16.
4432:הכליזמרים : תולדותיהם, אורח-חיים ויצירותיהם
4178:
4176:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4073:
3282:Fiddler on the move: exploring the klezmer world
1929:is a synagogue mode which resembles the Western
5021:American Klezmer : its roots and offshoots
4656:
4654:
4149:
4147:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3361:
3359:
2954:
2952:
2249:to record 78 rpm discs. The first of these was
2014:in 1595. They may have existed even earlier in
1986:making music, but after the destruction of the
1373:, whose name is borrowed from the Ottoman/Arab
1020:Jews, is a more dignified embellished dance in
877:in 1970, dreydlekh had become prominent again.
5702:. Colorado Springs: The Composer's Own Press.
5675:. Bernstein Artists, Inc. 2006. Archived from
5469:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 4.
3305:
3303:
3301:
3284:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 6.
2963:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 7.
2259:(From the Wedding) has been recognized by the
1397:to the guests as they dined. It resembles the
505:) is an instrumental musical tradition of the
69:Jewish instrumental folk music, Freylekh music
5965:
5230:Discography of American Historical Recordings
5074:Discography of American Historical Recordings
3681:. Moscow: Melukhe-farlag "Der Emes": 412–450.
3419:
3417:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2417:Elane Hoffman Watts, klezmer drummer, in 2007
2114:The loosening of restrictions on Jews in the
1846:
1681:
1669:
1657:
1309:Forms centering on bridal rituals, including
881:
789:
777:
765:
627:
500:
469:
8:
5247:. New York: Schirmer Books. pp. 87–94.
4724:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 63–72.
2867:
2865:
2863:
1867:and other Klezmer forms with connections to
1343:(to the table). According to Beregovski the
1115:is generally thought to be a more elaborate
5598:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3170:"Music: Traditional and Instrumental Music"
3061:"Music: Traditional and Instrumental Music"
2670:Jewish Soul Music: The Art of Giora Feidman
2022:improved, as they gained the right to form
606:in Eastern Europe. Over time the usage of "
6541:
6390:
6328:
6004:
5972:
5958:
5950:
5416:
5414:
4749:. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. pp. 40–3.
4618:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3671:"Yidishe klezmer, zeyer shafn un shteyger"
2583:), string orchestra, harp and percussion.
2571:The compositions of Israeli-born composer
2410:to teach klezmer and other Yiddish music.
2010:as being in a Jewish council meeting from
1554:Jewish musicians of Rohatyn (west Ukraine)
476:
462:
154:
47:
38:
5907:. Harvard University Press. p. 182.
5852:, festivals where klezmer music is taught
5738:Rubin, Joel; Ottens, Rita (15 May 2000).
5536:. other-europeans-band.eu. Archived from
4487:East European Meetings in Ethnomusicology
2438:, Steven Greenman, Cookie Segelstein and
2216:Big band klezmer orchestras (1910s–1920s)
2158:Klezmer musicians at a wedding, Ukraine,
5872:Mayrent Collection of Yiddish recordings
4462:Klezmer : music, history and memory
3994:(in Russian). Искусство. pp. 18–19.
3199:. Middle Village, N.Y.: Jonathan David.
2566:String Quartet No. 8 in C minor, op. 110
7853:Intangible Cultural Heritage of Ukraine
3623:Studies in Biblical and Jewish Folklore
2859:
2344:Klezmer sound. With the passing of the
1425:performed by leading klezmorim such as
339:
304:
276:
229:
182:
157:
5673:"Ofer Ben-Amots: The Klezmer Concerto"
5591:
4680:Rubin, Joel; Aylward, Michael (2019).
4611:
2724:L'homme est une femme comme les autres
2717:Itzhak Perlman: In the Fiddler's House
2595:Issachar Ber Ryback - Wedding Ceremony
2135:, who made several expeditions to the
2713:(1996), directed by Stefan Schwietert
2679:A Jumpin' Night in the Garden of Eden
2149:Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine
1441:into an Ashkenazic musical aesthetic.
1410:is a type of virtuosic solo piece in
741:matters of "taste", self-expression,
7:
5862:Yiddish American Popular Sheet Music
4447:Pereq be-Toldot Ha-Amanut Ha-'Amamit
4278:(Doctoral thesis). Temple University
3426:Early Twentieth-Century Brass Idioms
2627:, and depicted them in rich detail.
2187:Early American klezmer (1880s–1910s)
1861:. This mode is often encountered in
828:of cackle-like sound), flageolets (
5560:"The Jerusalem Klezmer Association"
2874:"The Mesmerizing Sounds of Klezmer"
2687:(1989), directed by Simon Broughton
2562:Piano Trio No. 2 in E minor, op. 67
1841:is a minor mode which has a raised
1693:Beregovsky, who was writing in the
1682:
1670:
1658:
882:
790:
778:
766:
628:
501:
496:
5784:Klezmer: music, history and memory
5202:Klezmer: music, history and memory
4868:Klezmer: music, history and memory
4772:Klezmer: music, history and memory
4635:Klezmer: music, history and memory
4506:Klezmer: music, history and memory
4246:Klezmer: music, history and memory
4183:Frigyesi, Judit Laki (1982–1983).
4032:Klezmer: music, history and memory
4007:Klezmer: music, history and memory
3967:Klezmer: music, history and memory
3939:Klezmer: music, history and memory
3889:Klezmer: music, history and memory
3839:Klezmer: music, history and memory
3797:Klezmer: music, history and memory
3772:Klezmer: music, history and memory
3744:Klezmer: music, history and memory
3719:Klezmer: music, history and memory
3694:Klezmer: music, history and memory
3544:Klezmer: music, history and memory
3451:Klezmer: music, history and memory
3142:Klezmer: music, history and memory
3036:Klezmer: music, history and memory
2986:Klezmer: music, history and memory
2681:(1988), directed by Michal Goldman
2442:, flutist Adrianne Greenbaum, and
1381:and so on; it usually ends with a
673:did when publishing in Yiddish or
25:
5370:Jews and American popular culture
4895:. London: Routledge. p. 57.
4841:"Beregovskii, Moisei Iakovlevich"
4308:Journal of Musicological Research
4269:Alford-Fowler, Julia (May 2013).
3675:Literarisher Alamanakh "Sovetish"
3593:Shpil: The Art of Playing Klezmer
2462:also emerged during this period.
2224:Max Leibowitz orchestra from 1921
1939:used in Arabic and Turkish music.
1331:Processional melodies, including
632:) or other terms. After the term
297:We Are Both from the Same Village
30:For the 2015 war-drama film, see
3914:The hammered dulcimer: a history
3625:. Bloomington, Indiana: 187–198.
2777:(2010), directed by Garry Beitel
2615:. Kaplan, making his art in the
2558:Piano Quintet in G minor, op. 57
2301:and Berish Katz), and some from
1857:since they share the same pitch
142:Standard orchestra instruments,
7705:20th-century Western folk music
5644:. Algonquin Books. p. 71.
3197:A history of Yiddish literature
861:particular ornamentation is in
5935:Jewish Music in Eastern Europe
5123:. Schirmer Books. p. 68.
3990:Левик, Сергей Юрьевич (1962).
2769:(2008), directed by Yale Strom
2767:A Great Day on Eldridge Street
2744:(2003), directed by Yale Strom
1845:. It is sometimes compared to
1636:terminology, as developed for
1094:is a fast and catchy dance in
1:
4684:(CD). London: Renair Records.
4554:Stutchewsky, Joachim (1959).
4430:Stutchewsky, Joachim (1959).
4320:10.1080/01411896.2017.1340033
2159:
4160:Jewish Music Research Centre
2660:Les Aventures de Rabbi Jacob
2406:and Adrienne Cooper founded
1791:but also a permanent raised
1170: – a Romanian dance in
788:, "wrinkle" or "fold"), and
5614:"Klezmer Festival in Safed"
4385:Ari Davidow's Klezmer Shack
4302:Tarsi, Boaz (3 July 2017).
3820:Pietruszka, Symcha (1932).
2872:Strom, Yale (Winter 2024).
2824:
2432:Maxwell Street Klezmer Band
2255:
1955:
1949:
1943:
1925:
1895:
1889:
1863:
1853:
1851:. It is closely related to
1827:
1805:". It is comparable to the
1801:
1775:
1769:
1676:
1664:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1406:
1401:of "light" classical music.
1383:
1369:
1345:
1339:
1333:
1320:
1311:
1279:
1258:
1250:
1242:
1236:
1222:
1117:
1085:
1058:
1012:
1006:
969:
957:
951:
939:
933:
927:
888:
796:
784:
646:
640:
634:
622:
608:
571:
7869:
6802:Trinidadian and Tobagonian
4891:Estraikh, Gennady (2008).
4828:(1). Annapolis, MD: 14–32.
4745:Grözinger, Elvira (2008).
29:
6112:American primitive guitar
5989:
5982:Folk and indigenous music
5931:"Jewish Music in Romania"
5293:Wollock, Jeffrey (2007).
4916:Shternshis, Anna (2006).
4795:Shternshis, Anna (2006).
3912:Gifford, Paul M. (2001).
3234:10.1017/S0266078418000494
3195:Liptzin, Solomon (1972).
2843:List of klezmer musicians
2802:Leopold von Sacher-Masoch
2396:Klezmer Conservatory Band
2104:Belf's Romanian Orchestra
1961:variant of the Mogen Ovos
1606:Western musical tradition
1587:. A poyk is similar to a
595:
46:
7178:Bosnian and Herzegovinan
5838:of Eastern European Jews
5698:Ben-Amots, Ofer (2006).
5344:Sapoznik, Henry (2006).
5268:Sapoznik, Henry (2006).
5243:Sapoznik, Henry (1999).
5119:Sapoznik, Henry (1999).
4381:"The Main Klezmer Modes"
3255:Alexander, Phil (2021).
2247:Victor Recording Company
1978:Development of the genre
1652:for these modes include
692:in 1977/78, followed by
80:Old European dance music
5757:Netsky, Hankus (2015).
5740:"A Tickle in the Heart"
5440:Netsky, Hankus (2015).
5319:Rubin, Joel E. (2020).
5044:Netsky, Hankus (2015).
4991:Rubin, Joel E. (2020).
4941:Rubin, Joel E. (2020).
4893:Yiddish in the Cold War
4695:Netsky, Hankus (2015).
4445:Rivkind, Isaac (1960).
4405:Netsky, Hankus (2015).
4354:Rubin, Joel E. (2020).
4219:Rubin, Joel E. (2020).
4126:Rubin, Joel E. (2020).
3669:Beregovski, M. (1941).
3338:Rubin, Joel E. (2020).
3009:Rubin, Joel E. (2020).
2931:Rubin, Joel E. (2020).
2346:Immigration Act of 1924
2328:stages. These included
1883:Adonoy Molokh mode in C
1781:Phrygian dominant scale
1066:) is a circle dance in
591:, "melody"; leading to
6700:by ethnocultural group
6008:By subject or function
5807:Heskes, Irene (1995).
5175:Heskes, Irene (1995).
4966:Heskes, Irene (1995).
4839:Sholokhova, Lyudmila.
3992:Записки оперного певца
2748:Le Tango des Rashevski
2742:Klezmer on Fish Street
2601:Anatoli Lvovich Kaplan
2596:
2418:
2357:Celebrity clarinetists
2225:
2165:
2055:
2042:
1920:
1884:
1847:
1839:Ukrainian Dorian scale
1837:, "altered Dorian" or
1822:
1821:Mi Sheberakh mode in C
1764:
1555:
1315:(seating of the bride)
869:wrote that the use of
776:, "groan" or "moan"),
723:Jewish cantorial music
172:
164:
84:religious Jewish music
6904:Indigenous Australian
5893:30 March 2022 at the
5846:Yiddish Summer Weimar
5782:Feldman, Zev (2016).
5723:Suris, B. D. (1972).
5641:The Essential Klezmer
5534:"The Other Europeans"
5465:Slobin, Mark (2000).
5200:Feldman, Zev (2016).
4866:Feldman, Zev (2016).
4770:Feldman, Zev (2016).
4633:Feldman, Zev (2016).
4504:Feldman, Zev (2016).
4460:Feldman, Zev (2016).
4244:Feldman, Zev (2016).
4030:Feldman, Zev (2016).
4005:Feldman, Zev (2016).
3965:Feldman, Zev (2016).
3937:Feldman, Zev (2016).
3887:Feldman, Zev (2016).
3837:Feldman, Zev (2016).
3795:Feldman, Zev (2016).
3770:Feldman, Zev (2016).
3742:Feldman, Zev (2016).
3717:Feldman, Zev (2016).
3692:Feldman, Zev (2016).
3542:Feldman, Zev (2016).
3477:Slobin, Mark (2000).
3449:Feldman, Zev (2016).
3392:10.1353/sho.2022.0026
3374:Feldman, Zev (2022).
3280:Slobin, Mark (2000).
3140:Feldman, Zev (2016).
3034:Feldman, Zev (2016).
2984:Feldman, Zev (2016).
2959:Slobin, Mark (2000).
2838:List of klezmer bands
2788:Mendele Mocher Sforim
2711:A Tickle in the Heart
2594:
2416:
2223:
2157:
2120:Abraham Zevi Idelsohn
2053:
2040:
1918:
1882:
1820:
1762:
1553:
896:Historical repertoire
170:
162:
27:Style of Jewish music
6747:Cape Breton fiddling
5901:Stowe, D.W. (2004).
5638:Rogovoy, S. (2000).
5393:Rubin, Joel (2020).
4569:Rubin, Joel (2020).
3862:Rubin, Ruth (1973).
2848:Secular Jewish music
2774:The "Socalled" Movie
2759:(2007), directed by
2735:(2002), directed by
2693:(1994), directed by
2685:Fiddlers on the Hoof
2672:(1980), directed by
2663:(1973), directed by
2652:(1971), directed by
2641:(1936), directed by
1919:Mogen Ovos mode in C
1726:Middle Eastern music
1630:Middle Eastern music
1215:Non-dance repertoire
698:Jewish Klezmer Music
669:did not use it, but
662:("Cheerful music").
561:, and other styles.
315:Israeli folk dancing
7838:Jewish music genres
7312:Starogradska muzika
7278:Starogradska muzika
7217:Starogradska muzika
7205:Starogradska muzika
7188:Starogradska muzika
5866:Library of Congress
5154:Library of Congress
5099:Library of Congress
3568:The Fiddle Handbook
2750:(2003) directed by
2649:Fiddler on the Roof
2605:Issachar Ber Ryback
2550:Dmitri Shostakovich
2261:Library of Congress
1583:, sometimes called
1246:is a related genre.
1062:(from the Romanian
600:musical instruments
402:Passover (Haggadah)
257:Mainstream and jazz
139:Typical instruments
7597:Middle Eastern and
6237:Medieval folk rock
5495:stevengreenman.com
4092:Horowitz, Joshua.
2757:Klezmer in Germany
2597:
2556:masterpieces, the
2496:, in the north of
2419:
2372:Shloimke Beckerman
2330:Joseph Cherniavsky
2276:Shloimke Beckerman
2226:
2194:Kingdom of Romania
2166:
2137:Pale of Settlement
2074:", Alter Goyzman "
2070:", Yosef Drucker "
2056:
2043:
1921:
1885:
1823:
1765:
1763:Freygish mode in C
1556:
1508:string instruments
1302:especially in the
696:and Zev Feldman's
598:, meaning "
340:Music for holidays
173:
165:
7810:
7809:
7691:
7690:
7486:Gaelic folk music
6931:Papua New Guinean
6759:
6758:
6654:
6653:
6316:
6315:
6274:New Weird America
5937:. Di Naye Kapelye
5856:Klezmer Institute
5709:978-1-939382-07-8
5651:978-1-56512-863-7
5491:"Steven Greenman"
5055:978-1-4399-0903-4
5030:978-0-520-22717-0
4845:YIVO Encyclopedia
3174:YIVO Encyclopedia
3065:YIVO Encyclopedia
2515:Leonard Bernstein
2434:, the violinists
2364:Naftule Brandwein
2295:Naftule Brandwein
2284:Israel J. Hochman
2141:Moisei Beregovsky
1688:Moisei Beregovsky
1520:brass instruments
1431:Naftule Brandwein
892:, holding onto).
686:East Side Wedding
671:Moisei Beregovsky
575:, as used in the
546:and Ray Musiker.
540:Naftule Brandwein
486:
485:
292:Jerusalem of Gold
163:Menorah(מְנוֹרָה)
153:
152:
132:Ashkenazic Jewish
74:Stylistic origins
16:(Redirected from
7860:
7802:History of music
7770:Progressive rock
6941:Solomon Islander
6899:White Australian
6546:African-American
6542:
6395:Indigenous North
6391:
6329:
6283:Progressive folk
6264:Psychedelic folk
6005:
5983:
5974:
5967:
5960:
5951:
5946:
5944:
5942:
5925:
5923:
5921:
5878:KlezmerGuide.com
5850:Yiddish New York
5823:
5822:
5804:
5798:
5797:
5779:
5773:
5772:
5754:
5748:
5747:
5746:on 4 April 2009.
5742:. Archived from
5735:
5729:
5728:
5720:
5714:
5713:
5700:Klezmer Concerto
5695:
5689:
5688:
5686:
5684:
5669:
5663:
5662:
5660:
5658:
5635:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5610:
5604:
5603:
5597:
5589:
5587:
5585:
5570:
5564:
5563:
5556:
5550:
5549:
5547:
5545:
5540:on 30 April 2011
5530:
5524:
5523:
5512:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5501:
5487:
5481:
5480:
5462:
5456:
5455:
5437:
5431:
5430:
5418:
5409:
5408:
5390:
5384:
5383:
5366:
5360:
5359:
5341:
5335:
5334:
5316:
5310:
5309:
5299:
5290:
5284:
5283:
5265:
5259:
5258:
5240:
5234:
5233:
5222:
5216:
5215:
5197:
5191:
5190:
5172:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5150:
5144:Netsky, Hankus.
5141:
5135:
5134:
5116:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5105:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5066:
5060:
5059:
5041:
5035:
5034:
5016:
5007:
5006:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4963:
4957:
4956:
4938:
4932:
4931:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4888:
4882:
4881:
4863:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4847:. YIVO Institute
4836:
4830:
4829:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4767:
4761:
4760:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4717:
4711:
4710:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4658:
4649:
4648:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4617:
4609:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4566:
4560:
4559:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4526:
4520:
4519:
4501:
4495:
4494:
4482:
4476:
4475:
4457:
4451:
4450:
4442:
4436:
4435:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4379:Horowitz, Josh.
4376:
4370:
4369:
4351:
4340:
4339:
4299:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4277:
4266:
4260:
4259:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4216:
4205:
4204:
4180:
4171:
4170:
4168:
4166:
4151:
4142:
4141:
4123:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4098:
4089:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4052:
4046:
4045:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3987:
3981:
3980:
3962:
3953:
3952:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3884:
3878:
3877:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3834:
3828:
3827:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3792:
3786:
3785:
3767:
3758:
3757:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3689:
3683:
3682:
3666:
3627:
3626:
3618:
3599:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3574:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3539:
3528:
3522:
3516:
3499:
3493:
3492:
3474:
3465:
3464:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3421:
3412:
3411:
3371:
3354:
3353:
3335:
3320:
3319:
3307:
3296:
3295:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3252:
3246:
3245:
3217:
3211:
3210:
3192:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3176:. YIVO Institute
3165:
3156:
3155:
3137:
3126:
3125:
3113:
3088:
3087:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2928:
2922:
2921:
2903:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2881:
2869:
2827:
2761:Kryzstof Zanussi
2577:Klezmer Concerto
2564:(1944), and the
2531:Rhapsody in Blue
2472:Daniel Hoffman's
2350:Great Depression
2319:Joseph Moskowitz
2288:Austro-Hungarian
2258:
2164:
2161:
2060:Ivan Khandoshkin
2009:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1928:
1898:
1892:
1866:
1856:
1850:
1830:
1804:
1787:, having a flat
1778:
1772:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1628:in the way that
1608:but also in the
1488:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1424:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1409:
1386:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1348:
1342:
1337:(street tunes),
1336:
1323:
1314:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1298:
1282:
1261:
1253:
1245:
1239:
1225:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1140:
1120:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1105:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1061:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1015:
1009:
1001:
1000:
999:
998:
972:
960:
954:
942:
936:
930:
924:
923:
922:
921:
891:
885:
884:
830:string harmonics
799:
793:
792:
787:
781:
780:
769:
768:
704:Musical elements
649:
643:
637:
631:
630:
625:
611:
597:
577:Yiddish language
574:
504:
503:
498:
478:
471:
464:
332:Yemenite dancing
269:Jewish art music
155:
128:Cultural origins
51:
39:
21:
7868:
7867:
7863:
7862:
7861:
7859:
7858:
7857:
7848:Yiddish culture
7828:Dance in Israel
7813:
7812:
7811:
7806:
7697:
7687:
7666:Anatolian blues
7598:
7591:
7334:Anatolian blues
7137:
7065:Kamrupi Lokgeet
6960:
6916:Easter Islander
6880:
6845:
6755:
6668:Canadian fiddle
6650:
6585:
6540:
6484:
6396:
6389:
6371:Tierra Caliente
6341:Central America
6323:
6312:
6227:Industrial folk
6100:
6037:Christmas carol
6000:
5994:
5985:
5981:
5978:
5940:
5938:
5928:
5919:
5917:
5915:
5900:
5895:Wayback Machine
5884:Klezmer Podcast
5832:
5827:
5826:
5819:
5806:
5805:
5801:
5794:
5781:
5780:
5776:
5769:
5756:
5755:
5751:
5737:
5736:
5732:
5722:
5721:
5717:
5710:
5697:
5696:
5692:
5682:
5680:
5671:
5670:
5666:
5656:
5654:
5652:
5637:
5636:
5632:
5622:
5620:
5612:
5611:
5607:
5590:
5583:
5581:
5572:
5571:
5567:
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5543:
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5531:
5527:
5514:
5513:
5509:
5499:
5497:
5489:
5488:
5484:
5477:
5464:
5463:
5459:
5452:
5439:
5438:
5434:
5420:
5419:
5412:
5405:
5392:
5391:
5387:
5380:
5368:
5367:
5363:
5356:
5343:
5342:
5338:
5331:
5318:
5317:
5313:
5297:
5292:
5291:
5287:
5280:
5267:
5266:
5262:
5255:
5242:
5241:
5237:
5224:
5223:
5219:
5212:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5187:
5174:
5173:
5169:
5159:
5157:
5148:
5143:
5142:
5138:
5131:
5118:
5117:
5113:
5103:
5101:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5078:
5076:
5068:
5067:
5063:
5056:
5043:
5042:
5038:
5031:
5018:
5017:
5010:
5003:
4990:
4989:
4985:
4978:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4953:
4940:
4939:
4935:
4928:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4903:
4890:
4889:
4885:
4878:
4865:
4864:
4860:
4850:
4848:
4838:
4837:
4833:
4819:
4818:
4814:
4807:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4782:
4769:
4768:
4764:
4757:
4744:
4743:
4739:
4732:
4719:
4718:
4714:
4707:
4694:
4693:
4689:
4679:
4678:
4674:
4660:
4659:
4652:
4645:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4610:
4606:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4581:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4553:
4552:
4548:
4541:
4528:
4527:
4523:
4516:
4503:
4502:
4498:
4484:
4483:
4479:
4472:
4459:
4458:
4454:
4444:
4443:
4439:
4429:
4428:
4424:
4417:
4404:
4403:
4399:
4389:
4387:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4366:
4353:
4352:
4343:
4301:
4300:
4291:
4281:
4279:
4275:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4256:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4231:
4218:
4217:
4208:
4182:
4181:
4174:
4164:
4162:
4153:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4125:
4124:
4115:
4105:
4103:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4071:
4061:
4059:
4056:"KLEZMER MUSIC"
4054:
4053:
4049:
4042:
4029:
4028:
4024:
4017:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3977:
3964:
3963:
3956:
3949:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3924:
3911:
3910:
3906:
3899:
3886:
3885:
3881:
3874:
3861:
3860:
3856:
3849:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3807:
3794:
3793:
3789:
3782:
3769:
3768:
3761:
3754:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3716:
3715:
3711:
3704:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3668:
3667:
3630:
3620:
3619:
3602:
3590:
3586:
3581:
3577:
3565:
3561:
3554:
3541:
3540:
3531:
3523:
3519:
3500:
3496:
3489:
3476:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3436:
3423:
3422:
3415:
3373:
3372:
3357:
3350:
3337:
3336:
3323:
3309:
3308:
3299:
3292:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3267:
3254:
3253:
3249:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3207:
3194:
3193:
3189:
3179:
3177:
3167:
3166:
3159:
3152:
3139:
3138:
3129:
3115:
3114:
3091:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3058:
3057:
3053:
3046:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3021:
3008:
3007:
3003:
2996:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2971:
2958:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2918:
2905:
2904:
2889:
2879:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2861:
2856:
2834:
2820:Avram Goldfaden
2792:Sholem Aleichem
2784:
2633:
2621:Sholem Aleichem
2589:
2527:George Gershwin
2511:
2506:
2504:Popular culture
2452:Brave Old World
2440:Elie Rosenblatt
2390:, Zev Feldman,
2380:
2378:Klezmer revival
2359:
2270:(Abe Elenkrig,
2239:Emerson Records
2231:First World War
2218:
2202:Lower East Side
2198:Austria-Hungary
2189:
2184:
2162:
2133:Susman Kiselgof
2112:
2088:Yiddish Theatre
2076:Alter Chudnover
2048:
2032:Hasidic Judaism
2003:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1903:with a flatted
1896:Adoyshem Molokh
1873:Ukrainian music
1741:
1699:synagogue modes
1646:Klezmer revival
1638:Cantorial music
1602:
1597:
1512:Hungarian bands
1496:
1484:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1475:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1395:Jewish weddings
1359:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1351:
1350:
1297:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1217:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1139:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1130:
1104:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1021:
997:
992:
991:
990:
989:
988:
920:
915:
914:
913:
912:
911:
907:
898:
875:klezmer revival
865:on the violin.
858:Di Naye Kapelye
734:Yiddish theatre
711:
706:
690:Streets of Gold
567:
482:
436:L'Shana Haba'ah
176:
123:
99:Ukrainian music
61:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7866:
7864:
7856:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7840:
7835:
7830:
7825:
7815:
7814:
7808:
7807:
7805:
7804:
7799:
7798:
7797:
7787:
7782:
7777:
7772:
7767:
7765:Outlaw country
7762:
7761:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7722:
7717:
7712:
7710:Acoustic music
7707:
7701:
7699:
7693:
7692:
7689:
7688:
7686:
7685:
7684:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7671:Anatolian rock
7668:
7658:
7653:
7652:
7651:
7646:
7636:
7631:
7630:
7629:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7603:
7601:
7593:
7592:
7590:
7589:
7584:
7583:
7582:
7577:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7546:
7545:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7494:
7493:
7488:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7447:
7446:
7441:
7436:
7426:
7421:
7416:
7415:
7414:
7409:
7399:
7398:
7397:
7396:
7395:
7390:
7385:
7370:
7365:
7360:
7359:
7358:
7357:
7356:
7351:
7346:
7341:
7339:Anatolian rock
7336:
7326:
7321:
7320:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7299:
7298:
7297:
7287:
7282:
7281:
7280:
7275:
7265:
7260:
7259:
7258:
7248:
7243:
7242:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7221:
7220:
7219:
7209:
7208:
7207:
7202:
7192:
7191:
7190:
7185:
7175:
7174:
7173:
7158:
7153:
7147:
7145:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7135:
7134:
7133:
7123:
7118:
7113:
7108:
7107:
7106:
7096:
7095:
7094:
7084:
7079:
7078:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7057:
7056:
7055:
7050:
7045:
7035:
7034:
7033:
7028:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7008:
7003:
6993:
6988:
6983:
6982:
6981:
6970:
6968:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6958:
6953:
6948:
6943:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6923:
6918:
6913:
6908:
6907:
6906:
6901:
6890:
6888:
6882:
6881:
6879:
6878:
6877:
6876:
6866:
6861:
6855:
6853:
6851:South American
6847:
6846:
6844:
6843:
6842:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6825:
6824:
6819:
6817:Chutney parang
6809:
6799:
6798:
6797:
6787:
6786:
6785:
6775:
6769:
6767:
6761:
6760:
6757:
6756:
6754:
6753:
6752:
6751:
6750:
6749:
6739:
6738:
6737:
6732:
6722:
6714:
6713:
6712:
6707:
6697:
6696:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6670:
6664:
6662:
6656:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6607:
6606:
6595:
6593:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6567:
6566:
6556:
6550:
6548:
6539:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6507:
6506:
6505:
6494:
6492:
6486:
6485:
6483:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6432:
6427:
6422:
6417:
6412:
6407:
6401:
6399:
6388:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6379:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6337:
6335:
6326:
6318:
6317:
6314:
6313:
6311:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6285:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6261:
6256:
6251:
6246:
6245:
6244:
6242:Medieval metal
6234:
6229:
6224:
6219:
6214:
6213:
6212:
6211:
6210:
6205:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6183:
6182:
6181:
6179:Medieval metal
6171:
6161:
6156:
6151:
6146:
6141:
6140:
6139:
6129:
6124:
6119:
6114:
6108:
6106:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6077:
6076:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6046:
6045:
6044:
6039:
6029:
6028:
6027:
6022:
6011:
6009:
6002:
5996:
5995:
5990:
5987:
5986:
5979:
5977:
5976:
5969:
5962:
5954:
5948:
5947:
5926:
5913:
5898:
5888:Radiant Others
5881:
5875:
5869:
5859:
5853:
5839:
5831:
5830:External links
5828:
5825:
5824:
5817:
5799:
5792:
5774:
5767:
5749:
5730:
5715:
5708:
5690:
5679:on 6 June 2014
5664:
5650:
5630:
5605:
5565:
5551:
5525:
5507:
5482:
5475:
5457:
5450:
5432:
5410:
5403:
5385:
5378:
5361:
5354:
5336:
5329:
5311:
5285:
5278:
5260:
5253:
5235:
5217:
5210:
5192:
5185:
5167:
5136:
5129:
5111:
5086:
5061:
5054:
5036:
5029:
5008:
5001:
4983:
4976:
4958:
4951:
4933:
4926:
4908:
4901:
4883:
4876:
4858:
4831:
4812:
4805:
4787:
4780:
4762:
4755:
4737:
4730:
4712:
4705:
4687:
4672:
4650:
4643:
4625:
4604:
4586:
4579:
4561:
4546:
4539:
4521:
4514:
4496:
4477:
4470:
4452:
4437:
4422:
4415:
4397:
4371:
4364:
4341:
4314:(3): 208–233.
4289:
4261:
4254:
4236:
4229:
4206:
4189:Musica Judaica
4172:
4143:
4136:
4113:
4069:
4047:
4040:
4022:
4015:
3997:
3982:
3975:
3954:
3947:
3929:
3922:
3904:
3897:
3879:
3872:
3854:
3847:
3829:
3812:
3805:
3787:
3780:
3759:
3752:
3734:
3727:
3709:
3702:
3684:
3677:(in Yiddish).
3628:
3600:
3584:
3575:
3559:
3552:
3529:
3517:
3494:
3487:
3466:
3459:
3441:
3435:978-0810862456
3434:
3413:
3386:(2): 143–166.
3355:
3348:
3321:
3297:
3290:
3272:
3265:
3247:
3212:
3205:
3187:
3168:Feldman, Zev.
3157:
3150:
3127:
3089:
3070:
3059:Feldman, Zev.
3051:
3044:
3026:
3019:
3001:
2994:
2976:
2969:
2948:
2941:
2923:
2916:
2887:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2833:
2830:
2811:Daniel Deronda
2783:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2770:
2764:
2754:
2745:
2739:
2728:
2720:
2714:
2708:
2706:Charlotte Link
2701:Beyond Silence
2697:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2667:
2656:
2654:Norman Jewison
2645:
2638:Yidl Mitn Fidl
2632:
2629:
2613:Chaim Goldberg
2588:
2585:
2581:David Krakauer
2573:Ofer Ben-Amots
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2460:The Klezmatics
2448:Pete Rushefsky
2436:Alicia Svigals
2404:Henry Sapoznik
2379:
2376:
2358:
2355:
2280:Joseph Frankel
2268:Russian Empire
2256:Fon der Choope
2235:Edison Records
2217:
2214:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2116:Russian Empire
2111:
2108:
2047:
2044:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1965:
1964:
1940:
1913:
1912:
1901:synagogue mode
1877:
1876:
1815:
1814:
1783:resembles the
1740:
1737:
1610:Ottoman Empire
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1480:
1450:(be healthy),
1442:
1416:
1402:
1388:
1365:
1355:
1349:was always in
1329:
1316:
1307:
1293:
1275:
1255:
1247:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1191:
1176:
1165:
1155:
1145:
1135:
1122:
1110:
1100:
1089:
1082:
1072:
1051:
1041:
1026:
1016:, named after
1003:
993:
978:
962:
916:
906:
903:
897:
894:
710:
707:
705:
702:
660:Freilech music
604:Ashkenazi Jews
566:
563:
507:Ashkenazi Jews
484:
483:
481:
480:
473:
466:
458:
455:
454:
453:
452:
446:
445:
439:
438:
433:
431:Echad Mi Yodea
428:
422:
421:
416:
411:
405:
404:
398:
397:
392:
386:
385:
380:
374:
373:
368:
362:
361:
353:
352:
342:
341:
337:
336:
335:
334:
329:
323:
322:
317:
309:
308:
302:
301:
300:
299:
294:
289:
281:
280:
274:
273:
272:
271:
265:
264:
259:
253:
252:
247:
242:
234:
233:
227:
226:
225:
224:
219:
213:
212:
207:
202:
196:
195:
187:
186:
180:
179:
171:Flag of Israel
151:
150:
140:
136:
135:
129:
125:
124:
122:
121:
116:
111:
106:
101:
96:
94:Moldovan music
91:
89:Romanian music
86:
81:
77:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
59:
57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
32:Klezmer (film)
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7865:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7833:Hasidic music
7831:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7820:
7818:
7803:
7800:
7796:
7793:
7792:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7785:Roots revival
7783:
7781:
7780:Record labels
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7759:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7740:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7702:
7700:
7694:
7682:
7679:
7677:
7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7663:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7650:
7649:Mizrahi music
7647:
7645:
7642:
7641:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7628:
7625:
7624:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7604:
7602:
7600:
7599:North African
7594:
7588:
7585:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7572:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7544:
7541:
7540:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
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7489:
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7484:
7483:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
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7445:
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
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7427:
7425:
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7420:
7417:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7403:
7400:
7394:
7391:
7389:
7386:
7384:
7381:
7380:
7379:
7378:Celtic fusion
7376:
7375:
7374:
7371:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
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7331:
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7327:
7325:
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7318:
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7313:
7310:
7308:
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7300:
7296:
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7140:
7132:
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7119:
7117:
7114:
7112:
7109:
7105:
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7101:
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7097:
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7080:
7076:
7073:
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7068:
7066:
7063:
7062:
7061:
7058:
7054:
7051:
7049:
7046:
7044:
7041:
7040:
7039:
7036:
7032:
7031:Zhongguo feng
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6998:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6991:Central Asian
6989:
6987:
6984:
6980:
6977:
6976:
6975:
6972:
6971:
6969:
6967:
6963:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6911:Cook Islander
6909:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6897:
6896:
6895:
6892:
6891:
6889:
6887:
6883:
6875:
6874:Gaita zuliana
6872:
6871:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6856:
6854:
6852:
6848:
6840:
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6814:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6804:
6803:
6800:
6796:
6793:
6792:
6791:
6788:
6784:
6781:
6780:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6766:
6762:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6743:
6740:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6730:Quebec fiddle
6728:
6727:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6717:
6715:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6702:
6701:
6698:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6675:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6665:
6663:
6661:
6657:
6647:
6646:Western swing
6644:
6642:
6641:Southern soul
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6600:
6597:
6596:
6594:
6592:
6588:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6565:
6562:
6561:
6560:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6551:
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6543:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6511:
6508:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6499:
6496:
6495:
6493:
6491:
6487:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6445:Kwakwaka'wakw
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6423:
6421:
6418:
6416:
6413:
6411:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6392:
6384:
6381:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6356:Son calentano
6354:
6352:
6349:
6348:
6347:
6344:
6343:
6342:
6339:
6338:
6336:
6334:
6333:North America
6330:
6327:
6325:
6319:
6309:
6306:
6304:
6301:
6299:
6296:
6294:
6291:
6289:
6286:
6284:
6281:
6275:
6272:
6271:
6270:
6267:
6266:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6257:
6255:
6252:
6250:
6247:
6243:
6240:
6239:
6238:
6235:
6233:
6230:
6228:
6225:
6223:
6220:
6218:
6215:
6209:
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6201:
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6199:
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6192:
6189:
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6184:
6180:
6177:
6176:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
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6165:
6162:
6160:
6157:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6147:
6145:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6134:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6109:
6107:
6103:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6086:Sporting song
6084:
6082:
6079:
6075:
6074:Anti-war song
6072:
6071:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6059:Drinking song
6057:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6043:
6040:
6038:
6035:
6034:
6033:
6030:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6017:
6016:
6013:
6012:
6010:
6006:
6003:
5997:
5993:
5988:
5984:
5975:
5970:
5968:
5963:
5961:
5956:
5955:
5952:
5936:
5932:
5927:
5916:
5914:9780674012905
5910:
5906:
5905:
5899:
5896:
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5882:
5879:
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5870:
5867:
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5843:
5840:
5837:
5834:
5833:
5829:
5820:
5814:
5810:
5803:
5800:
5795:
5793:9780190244521
5789:
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5778:
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5770:
5768:9781439909034
5764:
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5476:9780195161809
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5411:
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5404:9781580465984
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5379:9780275987954
5375:
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5002:9781580465984
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4154:Tarsi, Boaz.
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3598:
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3588:
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3579:
3576:
3573:
3569:
3566:Chris Haigh,
3563:
3560:
3555:
3553:9780190244521
3549:
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3530:
3527:
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3515:
3511:
3510:0-8074-0947-2
3507:
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3490:
3488:9780195161809
3484:
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3291:9780195161809
3287:
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3268:
3266:9780190064433
3262:
3258:
3251:
3248:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3222:English Today
3216:
3213:
3208:
3202:
3198:
3191:
3188:
3175:
3171:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3153:
3151:9780190244521
3147:
3143:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3119:
3118:Orbis Musicae
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3074:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3055:
3052:
3047:
3045:9780190244514
3041:
3037:
3030:
3027:
3022:
3020:9781580465984
3016:
3012:
3005:
3002:
2997:
2995:9780190244514
2991:
2987:
2980:
2977:
2972:
2970:9780195161809
2966:
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2955:
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2942:9781580465984
2938:
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2836:
2835:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2821:
2817:
2816:German Jewish
2813:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2793:
2789:
2782:In literature
2781:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2763:and C. Goldie
2762:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2752:Sam Garbarski
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2737:Greg Pritikin
2734:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2721:
2718:
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2712:
2709:
2707:
2703:
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2635:
2634:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2593:
2587:In visual art
2586:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2535:Benny Goodman
2532:
2528:
2524:
2523:Gustav Mahler
2520:
2519:Aaron Copland
2516:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2450:. Bands like
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2388:The Klezmorim
2385:
2384:Giora Feidman
2377:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2315:Max Yankowitz
2312:
2311:Max Leibowitz
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2286:), some from
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2222:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2186:
2182:United States
2181:
2179:
2176:
2170:
2156:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2092:Oscar Zehngut
2089:
2083:
2081:
2080:Josef Gusikov
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2052:
2045:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2007:
2002:
2001:Isaac Rivkind
1997:
1993:
1989:
1988:Second Temple
1985:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1932:
1931:natural minor
1927:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1890:Adonoy Molokh
1887:
1886:
1881:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1849:
1848:Nikriz Makamı
1844:
1840:
1836:
1835:
1834:Av HaRachamim
1829:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1785:Phrygian mode
1782:
1777:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1707:natural minor
1704:
1700:
1696:
1695:Stalinist era
1691:
1689:
1678:
1666:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1599:
1595:Melodic modes
1594:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1562:
1552:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1501:
1494:Orchestration
1493:
1483:
1472:
1466:
1460:
1454:
1448:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1419:
1408:
1403:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1358:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1305:
1296:
1287:), pieces in
1286:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1209:
1205:
1204:
1194:
1179:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1149:
1146:
1138:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1111:
1103:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1086:Broygez-tants
1083:
1075:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1052:
1044:
1029:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1004:
996:
986:
982:
979:
976:
971:
966:
963:
959:
953:
948:
947:
941:
935:
929:
919:
909:
908:
904:
902:
895:
893:
890:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
863:Turkish music
859:
854:
852:
848:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
810:appoggiaturas
807:
803:
798:
786:
775:
774:
763:
759:
758:
753:
752:
746:
744:
738:
735:
731:
728:
724:
720:
719:ornamentation
716:
708:
703:
701:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
682:The Klezmorim
678:
676:
672:
668:
663:
661:
656:
651:
648:
642:
636:
624:
619:
615:
610:
605:
601:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
573:
564:
562:
560:
556:
552:
551:the Holocaust
547:
545:
544:Sid Beckerman
541:
537:
533:
529:
526:, German and
525:
524:Baroque music
521:
517:
513:
508:
494:
490:
479:
474:
472:
467:
465:
460:
459:
457:
456:
451:
448:
447:
444:
441:
440:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
423:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
406:
403:
400:
399:
396:
393:
391:
388:
387:
384:
381:
379:
376:
375:
372:
369:
367:
364:
363:
360:
359:
355:
354:
351:
350:
346:
345:
344:
343:
338:
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
321:
318:
316:
313:
312:
311:
310:
307:
303:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
284:
283:
282:
279:
275:
270:
267:
266:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
237:
236:
235:
232:
228:
223:
220:
218:
215:
214:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
190:
189:
188:
185:
181:
178:
177:Israeli music
169:
161:
156:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
130:
126:
120:
117:
115:
114:Ottoman music
112:
110:
109:Baroque music
107:
105:
102:
100:
97:
95:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
79:
78:
76:
72:
68:
64:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7843:Jewish music
7758:Laws numbers
7656:Pontic Greek
7643:
7523:Pontic Greek
7444:Morris dance
7383:Celtic metal
7307:Balkan brass
7053:Manila sound
6822:Chutney soca
6626:Country rock
6616:Country folk
6510:Folk revival
6366:Son huasteco
6203:Celtic metal
6174:Celtic metal
6149:Folk baroque
6127:Country folk
6081:Sea shanties
6069:Protest song
5939:. Retrieved
5934:
5929:Cohen, Bob.
5918:. Retrieved
5903:
5808:
5802:
5783:
5777:
5758:
5752:
5744:the original
5733:
5724:
5718:
5699:
5693:
5681:. Retrieved
5677:the original
5667:
5655:. Retrieved
5640:
5633:
5621:. Retrieved
5618:Safed Israel
5617:
5608:
5582:. Retrieved
5578:
5568:
5554:
5542:. Retrieved
5538:the original
5528:
5520:klezmers.com
5519:
5510:
5498:. Retrieved
5494:
5485:
5466:
5460:
5441:
5435:
5426:
5422:
5394:
5388:
5369:
5364:
5345:
5339:
5320:
5314:
5308:(1): 44–106.
5305:
5302:ARSC Journal
5301:
5288:
5269:
5263:
5244:
5238:
5229:
5220:
5201:
5195:
5176:
5170:
5158:. Retrieved
5152:
5139:
5120:
5114:
5102:. Retrieved
5098:
5089:
5077:. Retrieved
5073:
5064:
5045:
5039:
5020:
4992:
4986:
4967:
4961:
4942:
4936:
4917:
4911:
4892:
4886:
4867:
4861:
4849:. Retrieved
4844:
4834:
4825:
4822:ARSC Journal
4821:
4815:
4796:
4790:
4771:
4765:
4746:
4740:
4721:
4715:
4696:
4690:
4681:
4675:
4666:
4663:ARSC Journal
4662:
4634:
4628:
4595:
4589:
4570:
4564:
4555:
4549:
4530:
4524:
4505:
4499:
4490:
4486:
4480:
4461:
4455:
4446:
4440:
4431:
4425:
4406:
4400:
4388:. Retrieved
4384:
4374:
4355:
4311:
4307:
4280:. Retrieved
4271:
4264:
4245:
4239:
4220:
4195:(1): 52–71.
4192:
4188:
4163:. Retrieved
4159:
4127:
4104:. Retrieved
4101:Budowitz.com
4100:
4060:. Retrieved
4050:
4031:
4025:
4006:
4000:
3991:
3985:
3966:
3938:
3932:
3913:
3907:
3888:
3882:
3863:
3857:
3838:
3832:
3822:
3815:
3796:
3790:
3771:
3743:
3737:
3718:
3712:
3693:
3687:
3678:
3674:
3622:
3592:
3591:Yale Strom,
3587:
3578:
3567:
3562:
3543:
3526:pp. 101, 102
3524:Strom 2012,
3520:
3514:Introduction
3497:
3478:
3450:
3444:
3425:
3383:
3379:
3339:
3315:
3311:
3281:
3275:
3256:
3250:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3196:
3190:
3178:. Retrieved
3173:
3141:
3121:
3117:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3064:
3054:
3035:
3029:
3010:
3004:
2985:
2979:
2960:
2932:
2926:
2907:
2878:. Retrieved
2814:(1876), the
2809:
2806:George Eliot
2795:
2785:
2772:
2766:
2756:
2747:
2741:
2731:
2723:
2716:
2710:
2700:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2669:
2658:
2647:
2643:Joseph Green
2636:
2617:Soviet Union
2609:Marc Chagall
2598:
2576:
2570:
2560:(1940), the
2547:
2512:
2491:
2487:
2476:
2464:
2420:
2392:Andy Statman
2381:
2360:
2323:
2307:Abe Schwartz
2299:Harry Kandel
2265:
2251:Abe Elenkrig
2243:Okeh Records
2227:
2190:
2171:
2167:
2113:
2084:
2057:
2027:
1981:
1936:Bayati maqam
1934:
1832:
1828:Mi Sheberakh
1811:Arabic music
1776:Ahavo Rabboh
1742:
1730:
1715:
1692:
1653:
1603:
1580:
1566:
1557:
1504:
1497:
1481:
1471:A gute nakht
1462:(good day),
1417:
1356:
1312:Kale-bazetsn
1294:
1262:, a type of
1254:(table tune)
1201:
1192:
1177:
1151:
1136:
1124:
1112:
1101:
1073:
1042:
1027:
994:
985:contra dance
977:genre there.
944:
917:
899:
879:
870:
855:
846:
821:
813:
771:
755:
749:
747:
739:
732:, and later
712:
697:
694:Andy Statman
689:
685:
679:
664:
659:
652:
596:כְּלֵי זֶמֶר
592:
588:
584:
568:
548:
514:(especially
488:
487:
378:Dreidel song
356:
347:
239:
193:Contemporary
104:Polish music
36:
7790:World music
7775:Pub session
7748:Roud number
7743:Collections
7735:Instruments
7617:Azerbaijani
7393:Celtic rock
7388:Celtic punk
7263:Montenegrin
6974:Bangladeshi
6926:Marshallese
6621:Country pop
6512:(1950s–60s)
6498:Appalachian
6361:Son jarocho
6298:Tamang Selo
6217:Folktronica
6208:Celtic punk
6198:Celtic rock
6191:Celtic punk
6054:Dance music
5429:(1): 49–79.
5104:13 February
5079:12 February
4669:(1): 36–55.
3572:Example 4.9
2880:27 December
2797:Pan Tadeusz
2674:Uri Barbash
2665:Gérard Oury
2543:Ziggy Elman
2525:had been).
2456:Hot Pstromi
2400:Dave Tarras
2368:Dave Tarras
2272:Dave Tarras
2163: 1925
2145:Sofia Magid
2096:Jacob Gegna
2064:Bessarabian
2004: [
1807:Maqam Hijaz
1797:Hava Nagila
1754:pentachords
1739:Description
1529:C clarinets
1427:Dave Tarras
1334:Gas-nigunim
1230:shepherd's
834:pedal notes
824:(a kind of
806:grace notes
667:Ivan Lipaev
593:k'lei zemer
583:etymology:
536:Dave Tarras
409:Ma Nishtana
371:Oh Chanukah
119:Greek music
66:Other names
56:Native name
7817:Categories
7730:Folk dance
7725:Folk clubs
7715:Filk music
7681:Tsifteteli
7528:Portuguese
7503:Lithuanian
7363:Belarusian
7354:Tsifteteli
7317:Turbo-folk
7268:Macedonian
7239:Tsifteteli
7183:Sevdalinka
7126:Vietnamese
7082:Indonesian
6894:Australian
6869:Venezuelan
6783:Kontradans
6716:by region
6673:Indigenous
6636:Rockabilly
6631:Honky-tonk
6604:Roots rock
6581:Spirituals
6521:New Mexico
6383:Panamanian
6324:traditions
6269:Freak folk
6222:Indie folk
6169:Folk metal
6144:Filk music
6049:Children's
5999:Types and
5941:9 November
5920:9 November
5842:KlezKanada
5818:0844407453
5544:19 January
5500:19 January
5186:0844407453
4977:0844407453
4927:0253347262
4806:0253347262
4062:19 January
4058:. users.ch
3873:0070541949
3502:Yale Strom
3318:(1): 5–12.
3228:(3): 2–7.
3206:0824601246
2917:081227833X
2854:References
2695:Yale Strom
2539:Artie Shaw
2424:Joel Rubin
2394:, and the
2326:vaudeville
2245:, and the
2125:Joel Engel
2100:H. Steiner
1959:. It is a
1950:Mogen Ovos
1947:resembles
1944:Yishtabakh
1926:Mogen Ovos
1909:Mixolydian
1724:and other
1626:microtonal
1577:frame drum
1573:snare drum
1569:wood block
1537:contrabass
1465:Dobranotsh
1447:Zay gezunt
1200:(Romanian
931:(circle),
867:Yale Strom
826:bent notes
818:glissandos
510:including
450:Bar Yochai
443:Lag BaOmer
426:Chad Gadya
390:Mi Y'malel
383:Al Hanisim
175:Jewish and
7795:Worldbeat
7720:Festivals
7676:Arabesque
7570:Ukrainian
7550:Slovenian
7513:Norwegian
7476:Icelandic
7471:Hungarian
7344:Arabesque
7324:Slovenian
7195:Bulgarian
7121:Pakistani
7111:Mongolian
7001:Cantonese
6986:Bhutanese
6859:Brazilian
6765:Caribbean
6725:Québécois
6611:Bluegrass
6599:Americana
6564:Dixieland
6415:Blackfeet
6322:Regional
6303:Vallenato
6259:Nerd-folk
6186:Folk punk
6164:Folk rock
6154:Folk jazz
6122:Bluegrass
6117:Anti-folk
6096:Work song
6091:War songs
6064:Love song
6001:subgenres
4614:cite book
4336:148956696
4328:0141-1896
3408:253206627
3400:1534-5165
3242:150270104
3124:: 118–43.
2625:Stempenyu
2468:John Zorn
2129:Berdyansk
2072:Stempenyu
1859:intervals
1809:found in
1746:octatonic
1589:bass drum
1533:trombones
1407:Terkisher
1384:Freylekhs
1340:Tsum tish
1266:, called
1251:Tish-nign
1237:Freylekhs
1118:Freylekhs
1092:Kolomeike
871:dreydlekh
847:dreydlekh
743:variation
700:in 1979.
675:Ukrainian
569:The term
565:Etymology
522:) music,
366:Blessings
262:Classical
245:Sephardic
184:Religious
144:accordion
7698:articles
7696:Related
7622:Egyptian
7612:Assyrian
7607:Armenian
7538:Scottish
7491:Hornpipe
7451:Estonian
7434:Hornpipe
7407:Moravian
7290:Romanian
7234:Rebetiko
7212:Croatian
7166:Albanian
7156:Austrian
7143:European
7116:Nepalese
7087:Japanese
7048:Kundiman
7038:Filipino
7021:Pak-kóan
7016:Lâm-kóan
6979:Bhawaiya
6956:Tuvaluan
6946:Tahitian
6886:Oceanian
6790:Jamaican
6742:Maritime
6735:Néo-trad
6720:Prairies
6660:Canadian
6526:Red Dirt
6516:Hawaiian
6503:Old-time
6490:American
6465:Seminole
6435:Iroquois
6405:Canadian
6397:American
6249:Muiñeira
6159:Folk-pop
6042:Koliadka
5891:Archived
5623:24 April
5594:cite web
5584:24 April
4493:: 41–47.
4201:23687593
3595:, 2012,
3570:, 2009,
3086:: 49–55.
2832:See also
2828:(1908).
2568:(1960).
2509:In music
2479:Moldavia
2428:Budowitz
2408:KlezKamp
2342:Galician
2334:Cossacks
2068:Pedotser
1956:Freygish
1869:Romanian
1854:Freygish
1802:Ma yofus
1770:Freygish
1720:used in
1711:Freygish
1665:shteyger
1516:cimbalom
1459:Dobriden
1453:Gas-nign
1439:Hasapiko
1399:fantasia
1379:roulades
1346:Gas-nign
1259:Moralish
1228:Romanian
1152:padespan
1113:Skotshne
946:khorovod
889:tsuhaltn
883:צוהאַלטן
838:mordents
751:khazones
715:cadences
655:metonymy
647:muzikant
579:, has a
532:big band
520:Romanian
502:כּלי־זמר
358:Hanukkah
287:Hatikvah
222:Baqashot
217:Pizmonim
148:cimbalom
18:Kletzmer
7823:Klezmer
7661:Turkish
7644:Klezmer
7639:Israeli
7634:Iranian
7627:Fantezi
7575:Cossack
7560:Swedish
7555:Spanish
7533:Russian
7508:Maltese
7498:Latvian
7456:Finnish
7429:English
7349:Fantezi
7329:Turkish
7302:Serbian
7273:Čalgija
7256:Tallava
7251:Kosovan
7246:Italian
7171:Tallava
7131:Quan họ
7043:Bodabil
7026:Teochew
7011:Jingnan
6996:Chinese
6864:Chilean
6812:Chutney
6778:Haitian
6591:Country
6576:Ragtime
6536:Western
6410:Arapaho
6351:Corrido
6346:Mexican
6293:Skiffle
6254:Neofolk
6132:Dangdut
6105:Fusions
6015:Ballads
5160:19 June
4390:24 June
4282:16 June
4165:27 June
4106:26 June
3312:Judaism
3180:20 June
3080:Judaism
3067:. YIVO.
2825:Ben Ami
2822:titled
2631:In film
2554:chamber
2483:lăutari
2446:player
2338:Hasidim
2303:Romania
2291:Galicia
2206:Simchas
2175:Siberia
2062:and of
1994:, many
1984:Levites
1968:History
1905:seventh
1799:" and "
1722:Ottoman
1650:Yiddish
1642:Baroque
1585:baraban
1545:Belarus
1541:Galicia
1525:cornets
1500:Badchen
1435:Ottoman
1391:Fantazi
1304:Hasidic
1268:Devekut
1243:Volekhl
1158:Mazurka
1148:Waltzes
1018:Hasidic
1007:Khosidl
940:Karahod
851:vibrato
814:glitshn
785:kneytsh
773:Krekhts
762:Hasidic
757:davenen
727:Hasidic
641:muziker
635:klezmer
614:Bohemia
609:klezmer
572:klezmer
512:Ottoman
497:קלעזמער
493:Yiddish
489:Klezmer
419:Adir Hu
349:Shabbat
250:Mizrahi
240:Klezmer
231:Secular
205:Zemirot
60:קלעזמער
42:Klezmer
7543:Gaelic
7518:Polish
7466:German
7461:French
7419:Danish
7373:Celtic
7368:Breton
7295:Manele
7285:Romani
7200:Chalga
7161:Balkan
7151:Alpine
7099:Korean
7092:Min'yō
7075:Sanedo
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