169:
36:
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196:. This produces a signal which travels back to the spinal cord and synapses (without interneurons) at the level of L3 or L4 in the spinal cord, completely independent of higher centres. From there, an
674:
Fine, Edward J.; Ziad
Darkhabani, M. (2009-01-01). "Chapter 16 History of the development of the neurological examination". In Aminoff, Michael J.; Boller, François; Swaab, Dick F. (eds.).
204:, triggering contraction. This contraction, coordinated with the relaxation of the antagonistic flexor hamstring muscle causes the leg to kick. There is a latency of around 18
231:
in the pathway leading to contraction of the quadriceps muscle. Instead, the sensory neuron synapses directly on a motor neuron in the spinal cord. However, there
254:
After the tap of a hammer, the leg is normally extended once and comes to rest. The absence or decrease of this reflex is problematic, and known as
242:
This test of a basic automatic reflex may be influenced by the patient consciously inhibiting or exaggerating the response; the doctor may use the
160:. Many animals, most significantly humans, have been seen to have the patellar reflex, including dogs, cats, horses, and other mammalian species.
741:
Gurfinkel' VS, Lipshits MI, Popov KE (1974). "Is the stretch reflex a basic mechanism in the system of regulation of human vertical posture?".
653:
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527:
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274:, anxiety or nervousness. The test itself assesses the nervous tissue between and including the L2 and L4 segments of the spinal cord.
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between stretch of the patellar tendon and the beginning of contraction of the quadriceps femoris muscle. This is a reflex of
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and during sleep. On the other hand, multiple oscillation of the leg (pendular reflex) following the tap may be a sign of
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311:
in 1877: "Striking the tendon below the patella gives rise to a sudden extension of the leg, known as the knee-jerk."
333:, October 1921, wrote: "Itinerant preacher stemming Broadway on a soap box. And gets only an occasional knee-jerk."
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Volpe, Joseph J. (2018-01-01), Volpe, Joseph J.; Inder, Terrie E.; Darras, Basil T.; de Vries, Linda S. (eds.),
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296:(1833–1890) simultaneously reported the patellar tendon or knee reflex in 1875. The term
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678:. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 95. Elsevier. pp. 213–233.
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The term began to be used figuratively from the early 20th century onwards.
701:
351: – Regulation of movement within organisms possessing a nervous system
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an inhibitory interneuron used to relax the antagonistic hamstring muscle (
754:
223:
The patellar reflex is a clinical and classic example of the monosynaptic
220:, allowing to keep one's balance with little effort or conscious thought.
1076:
17:
762:
Pinnock CA, Lin ES, Smith T (2003). "Physiology of the
Nervous System".
266:. Exaggerated (brisk) deep tendon reflexes such as this can be found in
185:
60: in this article. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
136:
Schematic representation of patellar tendon reflex (knee jerk) pathway
801:
278:
634:"Chapter 9 - Neurological Examination: Normal and Abnormal Features"
167:
131:
774:
720:"'Knee-jerk reaction' - the meaning and origin of this phrase"
550:"Electromyography and Disorders of the Central Nervous System"
29:
770:
467:
554:
548:
Brown, William F. (1984-01-01), Brown, William F. (ed.),
461:
Ramahi, A. A.; Katirji, B.; Devereaux, M. (2014-01-01),
418:
Encyclopedia of Infant and Early
Childhood Development
465:, in Aminoff, Michael J.; Daroff, Robert B. (eds.),
416:, in Haith, Marshall M.; Benson, Janette B. (eds.),
384:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 499–.
1059:
991:
970:
912:
859:
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638:Volpe's Neurology of the Newborn (Sixth Edition)
345: – Sustained contraction of vibrated muscle
156:which tests the L2, L3, and L4 segments of the
172:Representation of the patellar reflex pathway.
786:
506:Johns, Paul (2014-01-01), Johns, Paul (ed.),
420:, San Diego: Academic Press, pp. 11–23,
258:. This reflex may be diminished or absent in
246:in order to ensure a more valid reflex test.
8:
766:(2nd ed.). Greenwich Medical Media Ltd.
469:, Oxford: Academic Press, pp. 918–922,
373:
371:
556:, Butterworth-Heinemann, pp. 459–489,
793:
779:
771:
713:
711:
514:, Churchill Livingstone, pp. 49–59,
357: – Medical maneuver to test reflexes
200:conducts an efferent impulse back to the
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
764:Fundamentals of Anaesthesia, 2nd Edition
508:"Chapter 4 - Sensory and motor pathways"
367:
277:The patellar reflex is often tested in
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604:
7:
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454:
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58:adding citations to reliable sources
646:10.1016/b978-0-323-42876-7.00009-0
562:10.1016/b978-0-409-95042-7.50017-7
520:10.1016/b978-0-443-10321-6.00004-7
475:10.1016/b978-0-12-385157-4.01159-3
378:William J. Weiner (30 July 2010).
25:
640:, Elsevier, pp. 191–221.e8,
591:"Endocrinology - Hyperthyroidism"
381:Neurology for the Non-Neurologist
426:10.1016/b978-012370877-9.00133-x
34:
45:needs additional citations for
1:
1109:Symmetrical tonic neck reflex
684:10.1016/s0072-9752(08)02116-7
412:Pedroso, F. S. (2008-01-01),
463:"Lower Motor Neuron Lesions"
294:Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal
281:to test the nervous system.
595:Core Concepts of Pediatrics
1151:
268:upper motor neuron lesions
260:lower motor neuron lesions
202:quadriceps femoris muscle
1130:Examination of the knee
1102:Crossed extensor reflex
851:Pharyngeal (gag) reflex
842:Vestibulo-ocular reflex
877:Brachioradialis reflex
818:Pupillary light reflex
343:Tonic vibration reflex
237:reciprocal innervation
173:
137:
1049:Churchill–Cope reflex
1004:Bezold–Jarisch reflex
512:Clinical Neuroscience
330:The Coshocton Tribune
250:Clinical significance
212:which helps maintain
171:
135:
971:Superficial reflexes
846:Oculocephalic reflex
823:Accommodation reflex
676:History of Neurology
300:was recorded by Sir
290:Wilhelm Heinrich Erb
54:improve this article
1082:Golgi tendon reflex
1024:Oculocardiac reflex
838:Caloric reflex test
355:Jendrassik maneuver
325:New York Day-By-Day
264:cerebellar diseases
244:Jendrassik maneuver
27:Monosynaptic reflex
1039:Reflex tachycardia
1034:Reflex bradycardia
983:Cremasteric reflex
914:Primitive reflexes
315:In popular culture
198:alpha motor neuron
174:
144:, also called the
138:
1117:
1116:
1097:Withdrawal reflex
999:Bainbridge reflex
897:Ankle jerk reflex
655:978-0-323-42876-7
571:978-0-409-95042-7
529:978-0-443-10321-6
484:978-0-12-385158-1
435:978-0-12-370877-9
391:978-1-60547-239-3
194:quadriceps muscle
130:
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69:"Patellar reflex"
16:(Redirected from
1142:
1092:Startle response
1067:List of reflexes
978:Abdominal reflex
861:Stretch reflexes
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745:(in Russian).
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227:. There is no
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188:stretches the
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110:December 2020
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65:Find sources:
59:
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43:This article
41:
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1045:Respiratory
891:
763:
749:(4): 744–8.
746:
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724:Phrasefinder
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659:, retrieved
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395:. Retrieved
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306:Textbook of
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1087:Optokinetic
927:Gastrocolic
229:interneuron
158:spinal cord
146:knee reflex
1124:Categories
1029:Baroreflex
957:Tonic neck
661:2020-12-23
577:2020-12-23
535:2020-12-23
490:2020-12-23
441:2020-12-23
414:"Reflexes"
362:References
327:column in
308:physiology
225:reflex arc
80:newspapers
962:Parachute
743:Biofizika
617:ignored (
607:cite book
323:, in his
298:knee-jerk
164:Mechanism
150:knee-jerk
18:Knee jerk
1135:Reflexes
1077:H-reflex
947:Stepping
802:Reflexes
702:19892119
337:See also
952:Sucking
942:Rooting
755:4425696
735:Sources
304:in his
285:History
279:infants
218:balance
214:posture
192:in the
186:patella
180:with a
152:, is a
94:scholar
922:Galant
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397:4 July
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101:JSTOR
87:books
937:Moro
888:Leg
868:Arm
751:PMID
698:PMID
688:ISBN
650:ISBN
619:help
566:ISBN
524:ISBN
479:ISBN
430:ISBN
399:2011
386:ISBN
216:and
140:The
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680:doi
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