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reads: "all those that dwell here and have two yoke of oxen and ten sheep and two cows and a bed of cloth, he that has more, let him get also a horse". In medieval
Portugal, two-thirds of knights-villein were obligated to partake for a set number of weeks in a
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Commoners usually fought on foot, but if their property indicated a certain level of affluence they were obligated to own a horse and considered knights-villein, the highest class of free commoners, just below the nobility. The town charter of
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They often organized raids on Muslim lands of their own initiative, and settled in or around the frontier towns in southern or eastern
Portugal, giving them a military character. Between the capture of
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Knights-villein provided military service directly to the king, and in exchange were entitled to the same set of privileges as minor nobles for doing so: among others, they did not pay
92:, the conquest of land from al-Andalus to Portugal was mostly undertaken by minor nobles and knights-villein from the towns or rural communities.
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36:) was a free plebeian horsemen who owned land, weapons and a horse, despite not being part of the
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The
Participation of the Nobility in the Reconquest and in the Military Orders
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PEÃO OU CAVALEIRO: a fortuna de um pequeno proprietário de
Sesimbra, em 1369
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if they did not respond to the call to arms in case of foreign invasion.
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territory, being entitled to a share of captured loot, but fined 15
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148:Daily Life in Portugal in the Late Middle Ages
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194:JOSÉ AUGUSTO DA CUNHA FREITAS DE OLIVEIRA:
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159:
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151:Univ of Wisconsin Press, 1971, p. 122.
224:José Augusto de Sotto Mayor Pizarro:
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230:, University of Porto, at brown.edu.
171:, Cambridge University Press, p.148.
14:
40:, being prominent in medieval
1:
262:Medieval history of Portugal
117:Military history of Portugal
145:A. H. De Oliveira Marques:
127:Portugal in the Reconquista
112:Portugal in the Middle Ages
288:
272:Medieval history of Spain
212:A New History of Portugal
90:capture of Lisbon in 1147
168:A History of Portugal
107:Kingdom of Portugal
122:Kingdom of Castile
209:H. V. Livermore:
165:H. V. Livermore:
30:caballero villano
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247:Medieval society
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185:in infopedia.pt.
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182:Cavaleiro-Vilão
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22:Cavaleiro-vilão
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18:knight-villein
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267:Reconquista
252:Middle Ages
102:Reconquista
241:Categories
133:References
72:(raid) on
26:Portuguese
96:See also
42:Portugal
38:nobility
257:Knights
86:Coimbra
70:fossado
57:scutage
46:Castile
34:Spanish
78:soldos
74:Muslim
65:Penela
50:Leon
48:and
32:in
24:in
243::
156:^
52:.
44:,
28:,
16:A
20:(
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