375:, a gel-like material, and are laid in protective flat, rounded egg capsules joined to form a paper-like chain of egg cases, commonly called a "Mermaid's Necklace". On average each capsule contains 0–99 eggs, with most strings having 40–160 capsules. After laying their egg cases, female knobbed whelk will bury one end of the egg case into the substrate, thus providing an anchor for the developing fertilized eggs and preventing the string of egg cases from washing ashore where it would dehydrate. Fertilized eggs develop in the capsules. Young emerge with a shell approximately 2–4 mm in length.
56:
297:
289:
31:
364:
310:
The shell of most knobbed whelks is dextral, meaning that it is right-handed. If the shell is held in front of the viewer, with the spiral end up and the opening facing the viewer, the opening will be on the animal's right side. The shell is thick and strong and has six clockwise coils. The surface
331:
of the summer and winter months, these sea snails live in deep water, at depths of up to 48 m. In the milder weather of the spring and fall they live in shallow water, on near-shore or intertidal mud flats and sand flats.
354:
Knobbed whelks are slow moving odour-mediated predators that have a considerable ability for temporal integration of signals and can successfully navigate prey odour plumes in naturally turbulent environments.
311:
is sculpted with fine striations and there is a ring of knob-like projections protruding from the widest part of the coil. The color is ivory or pale gray, and the large
1603:
1755:
1642:
344:
They wedge a bivalve open using the edge of their shell, and insert their long proboscis to eat the flesh of their victim. They rasp at the flesh using their
596:
1740:
1577:
1616:
1745:
1655:
413:
378:
Young are preyed upon by crustaceans, horseshoe crabs, and fish, primarily drum species. Adult whelks are eaten by loggerhead sea turtles.
327:
The knobbed whelk lives subtidally and is migratory, alternating between deep and shallow water, depending on the time of year. During the
371:
Mating and egg laying occur during the spring and fall migration. Internally fertilized eggs are surrounded by a transparent mass of
562:
480:
1707:
1750:
1621:
589:
507:"Temporal and spatial sampling strategies maintain tracking success of whelks to prey patches of differing distributions"
1564:
1392:
1647:
1181:
1156:
269:
55:
1517:
1213:
969:
582:
315:(the inside of the opening) is orange. The canal inside is wide and the entrance can be closed by a horny oval
1474:
1377:
1052:
963:
775:
717:
628:
257:
177:
43:
1532:
1467:
1113:
1080:
680:
506:
1681:
1569:
1427:
1403:
1387:
958:
946:
833:
316:
160:
1735:
1712:
1108:
1011:
936:
808:
770:
707:
643:
390:, the knobbed whelk is used by humans as food in such dishes as salads (raw), burgers, fritters, and
277:
265:
440:
1422:
1208:
467:
1634:
452:
1128:
1031:
1021:
1006:
1001:
910:
902:
897:
765:
685:
675:
633:
526:
402:
312:
50:
1699:
234:
is the second largest species of busycon whelk, ranging in size up to 12 in (305 mm).
1686:
1608:
1668:
1460:
1437:
1354:
1240:
1197:
1191:
1162:
1151:
887:
882:
818:
813:
670:
558:
552:
1673:
1349:
1301:
1251:
1245:
1186:
1123:
1016:
952:
752:
659:
518:
296:
221:
1133:
1118:
1103:
1098:
702:
691:
406:
349:
328:
107:
484:
1491:
1432:
1382:
1372:
1276:
1047:
1026:
941:
877:
857:
249:
211:
1729:
1496:
1397:
1290:
1283:
1075:
1070:
872:
867:
862:
828:
780:
760:
421:
253:
117:
530:
288:
1143:
665:
522:
1694:
1629:
1590:
1309:
1036:
916:
892:
823:
803:
785:
722:
697:
224:
127:
1501:
1341:
1267:
984:
653:
273:
97:
1555:
1314:
1257:
1232:
838:
727:
648:
335:
214:
203:
200:
67:
30:
363:
1549:
1506:
611:
87:
1582:
1364:
1332:
1041:
993:
928:
741:
638:
391:
372:
261:
217:
196:
137:
1595:
1451:
1090:
849:
795:
712:
417:
345:
339:
77:
1526:
1414:
1223:
1173:
1062:
733:
574:
401:
shells, the shell of the knobbed whelk can be made into a natural
398:
387:
362:
295:
287:
231:
207:
1660:
620:
458:
Smithsonian Marine
Station at Fort Pierce. Retrieved 2018-12-01.
1530:
578:
443:
World
Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2011-11-28.
348:, a rough tongue-like organ that has thousands of tiny
557:. New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 97.
1539:
1484:
1450:
1413:
1363:
1340:
1331:
1300:
1266:
1231:
1222:
1172:
1142:
1089:
1061:
992:
983:
927:
848:
794:
751:
619:
610:
505:Wilson, Miranda L.; Weissburg, Marc J. (2012).
590:
8:
237:It is the only extant species in the genus
1527:
1337:
1228:
989:
616:
597:
583:
575:
29:
20:
416:used the knobbed whelk as a component in
433:
334:On the shallow-water mud flats whelks
1756:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Gmelin
7:
342:, clams, and other marine bivalves.
264:. This species is common along the
14:
248:Knobbed whelks are native to the
54:
1741:Symbols of Georgia (U.S. state)
420:, the shell beads exchanged in
409:in order to form a mouthpiece.
481:"Anatomy of the knobbed whelk"
405:by cutting off the tip of the
1:
523:10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.08.024
441:Busycon carica (Gmelin, 1791)
1746:Gastropods described in 1791
1772:
468:Knobbed Whelk: Shell Money
352:(tooth-like protrusions).
1515:
1099:Black-foot opihi/Hawaiian
166:
159:
51:Scientific classification
49:
37:
28:
23:
970:Placopecten magellanicus
814:New Zealand green-lipped
1475:Acanthopleura granulata
1044:(group of four species)
551:White, Richard (1991).
258:Cape Cod, Massachusetts
44:Bethany Beach, Delaware
1468:Acanthopleura echinata
1378:Atlantic white-spotted
829:Asian/Philippine green
368:
307:
293:
227:, the busycon whelks.
1751:Symbols of New Jersey
1682:Paleobiology Database
1404:Amphioctopus fangsiao
1048:South African abalone
920:("true oyster" genus)
686:California butterclam
470:Retrieved 2011-11-28.
366:
299:
291:
38:A live individual of
1129:Ribbed Mediterranean
644:Grooved carpet shell
292:Knobbed whelk shells
16:Species of gastropod
1124:Rayed Mediterranean
718:Japanese littleneck
397:As is also true of
1497:Land snail farming
911:Gillardeau oysters
629:Atlantic jackknife
369:
308:
294:
206:, or in the US, a
1723:
1722:
1669:Open Tree of Life
1533:Taxon identifiers
1524:
1523:
1502:Gastropod anatomy
1461:Chiton magnificus
1446:
1445:
1423:New Zealand arrow
1327:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1198:Kelletia lischkei
1163:Littorina sitkana
1109:Yellow-foot opihi
979:
978:
873:Colchester native
554:The Middle Ground
284:Shell description
268:coast. It is the
185:
184:
1763:
1716:
1715:
1703:
1702:
1690:
1689:
1677:
1676:
1664:
1663:
1651:
1650:
1638:
1637:
1625:
1624:
1612:
1611:
1599:
1598:
1586:
1585:
1573:
1572:
1560:
1559:
1558:
1528:
1338:
1252:Chorus giganteus
1229:
990:
953:Pecten jacobaeus
660:Mactra stultorum
617:
599:
592:
585:
576:
569:
568:
548:
542:
541:
539:
537:
517:(6): 1323–1330.
511:Animal Behaviour
502:
496:
495:
493:
492:
483:. Archived from
477:
471:
465:
459:
450:
444:
438:
414:American Indians
329:weather extremes
172:
59:
58:
33:
21:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1760:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1711:
1706:
1698:
1693:
1685:
1680:
1672:
1667:
1659:
1654:
1646:
1641:
1633:
1628:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1602:
1594:
1589:
1581:
1576:
1568:
1563:
1554:
1553:
1548:
1535:
1525:
1520:
1511:
1507:Bivalve anatomy
1480:
1442:
1428:Japanese flying
1409:
1359:
1319:
1296:
1262:
1218:
1168:
1138:
1119:Common European
1085:
1057:
975:
959:Peruvian calico
923:
844:
841:(mussel family)
790:
747:
692:Senilia senilis
606:
605:Edible mollusks
603:
573:
572:
565:
550:
549:
545:
535:
533:
504:
503:
499:
490:
488:
479:
478:
474:
466:
462:
451:
447:
439:
435:
430:
384:
361:
353:
343:
333:
325:
286:
246:
199:of very large
181:
174:
168:
155:
108:Caenogastropoda
53:
42:at low tide at
17:
12:
11:
5:
1769:
1767:
1759:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1704:
1691:
1678:
1665:
1652:
1639:
1626:
1613:
1600:
1587:
1574:
1561:
1545:
1543:
1541:Busycon carica
1537:
1536:
1531:
1522:
1521:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1510:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1492:Oyster farming
1488:
1486:
1485:Related topics
1482:
1481:
1479:
1478:
1471:
1464:
1456:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1344:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1277:Cornu aspersum
1272:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1178:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
998:
996:
987:
981:
980:
977:
976:
974:
973:
966:
961:
956:
949:
944:
939:
933:
931:
925:
924:
922:
921:
913:
908:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
854:
852:
846:
845:
843:
842:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
800:
798:
792:
791:
789:
788:
786:Giant Atlantic
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
757:
755:
749:
748:
746:
745:
738:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
708:Triangle shell
705:
700:
695:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
625:
623:
614:
608:
607:
604:
602:
601:
594:
587:
579:
571:
570:
563:
543:
497:
472:
460:
454:Busycon carica
445:
432:
431:
429:
426:
412:Historically,
383:
380:
367:Whelk egg case
360:
357:
324:
321:
301:Busycon carica
285:
282:
250:North Atlantic
245:
242:
193:Busycon carica
183:
182:
175:
170:Busycon carica
164:
163:
157:
156:
152:B. carica
149:
147:
143:
142:
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
47:
46:
40:Busycon carica
35:
34:
26:
25:
24:Knobbed whelk
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1768:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1714:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1529:
1519:
1514:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1388:Pacific giant
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1291:Helix pomatia
1288:
1286:
1285:
1284:Helix lucorum
1281:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
999:
997:
995:
991:
988:
986:
982:
972:
971:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
954:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
932:
930:
926:
919:
918:
914:
912:
909:
907:
905:
904:Ostra chilena
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
855:
853:
851:
847:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
809:Mediterranean
807:
805:
802:
801:
799:
797:
793:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
756:
754:
750:
744:
743:
739:
737:(razor genus)
736:
735:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
693:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
676:Pacific razor
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
661:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
634:Atlantic surf
632:
630:
627:
626:
624:
622:
618:
615:
613:
609:
600:
595:
593:
588:
586:
581:
580:
577:
566:
564:9781139495684
560:
556:
555:
547:
544:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
501:
498:
487:on 2005-04-02
486:
482:
476:
473:
469:
464:
461:
457:
455:
449:
446:
442:
437:
434:
427:
425:
423:
422:North America
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
381:
379:
376:
374:
365:
358:
356:
351:
347:
341:
337:
330:
322:
320:
318:
314:
306:
302:
298:
290:
283:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
254:North America
251:
243:
241:
240:
235:
233:
228:
226:
223:
219:
216:
213:
209:
205:
202:
198:
194:
190:
189:knobbed whelk
179:
173:
171:
165:
162:
161:Binomial name
158:
154:
153:
148:
145:
144:
141:
140:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
118:Neogastropoda
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
57:
52:
48:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1540:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1402:
1393:Southern red
1289:
1282:
1275:
1250:
1224:Other snails
1203:
1196:
1161:
968:
951:
937:Atlantic bay
915:
903:
868:Southern mud
740:
732:
690:
671:Ocean quahog
658:
553:
546:
534:. Retrieved
514:
510:
500:
489:. Retrieved
485:the original
475:
463:
456:Gmelin, 1791
453:
448:
436:
411:
396:
385:
377:
370:
359:Reproduction
326:
309:
304:
300:
260:to northern
247:
244:Distribution
238:
236:
230:The knobbed
229:
192:
188:
186:
169:
167:
151:
150:
138:
39:
18:
1736:Busyconinae
1695:SeaLifeBase
1630:NatureServe
1591:iNaturalist
1438:Neon flying
1144:Periwinkles
1104:Turtle/talc
1037:Green ormer
947:New Zealand
917:Crassostrea
898:Sydney rock
776:New Zealand
698:Smooth clam
666:Blunt gaper
424:for trade.
270:state shell
225:Busyconidae
128:Busyconidae
1730:Categories
1355:Bottletail
1342:Cuttlefish
1302:Freshwater
1246:Korean mud
1209:Pear whelk
985:Gastropods
942:Great/king
888:Windowpane
883:Portuguese
819:California
723:Razor clam
703:Soft-shell
491:2020-02-18
428:References
274:New Jersey
104:Subclass:
98:Gastropoda
1350:Spineless
1214:Lightning
1182:Channeled
839:Mytilidae
728:Pod razor
649:Hard clam
382:Human use
350:denticles
317:operculum
252:coast of
215:gastropod
204:sea snail
201:predatory
146:Species:
74:Kingdom:
68:Eukaryota
1635:2.110831
1609:11369503
1550:Wikidata
1518:Category
1433:Humboldt
1383:Big blue
1241:Mud-flat
1192:Kellet's
1032:Greenlip
1027:Blacklip
929:Scallops
612:Bivalves
536:26 April
531:53174907
392:chowders
386:As with
313:aperture
305:eliceans
239:Busycon.
195:) is a
180:, 1791)
124:Family:
88:Mollusca
84:Phylum:
78:Animalia
64:Domain:
1583:2302937
1556:Q310059
1452:Chitons
1365:Octopus
1333:Inkfish
1315:Nerites
1204:Knobbed
1091:Limpets
1076:Elegant
1063:Conches
1053:Chilean
994:Abalone
878:Pacific
863:Olympia
858:Eastern
850:Oysters
796:Mussels
753:Cockles
742:Paphies
639:Geoduck
373:albumen
340:oysters
323:Habitat
278:Georgia
266:Georgia
262:Florida
220:in the
218:mollusk
197:species
139:Busycon
134:Genus:
114:Order:
94:Class:
1713:160185
1674:226934
1661:160185
1596:208724
1373:Common
1258:Bailer
1187:Common
1174:Whelks
1157:Banded
1152:Common
1134:Rustic
906:/Bluff
781:Sydney
771:Goolwa
761:Common
713:Tuatua
561:
529:
418:wampum
388:conchs
346:radula
222:family
212:marine
178:Gmelin
1708:WoRMS
1687:93862
1648:55857
1622:74071
1604:IRMNG
1570:29481
1415:Squid
1398:Mimic
1310:Apple
1114:China
1071:Queen
1017:Green
1012:Black
1002:White
964:Yesso
824:Brown
766:Blood
734:Ensis
681:Venus
654:Horse
621:Clams
527:S2CID
407:spire
403:bugle
399:conch
303:ssp.
256:from
232:whelk
208:whelk
1700:2913
1656:OBIS
1643:NCBI
1617:ITIS
1578:GBIF
1565:BOLD
1268:Land
1042:Pāua
1022:Pink
893:Rock
834:Date
804:Blue
559:ISBN
538:2023
336:prey
276:and
210:, a
187:The
1233:Sea
1081:Dog
1007:Red
519:doi
338:on
272:of
1732::
1710::
1697::
1684::
1671::
1658::
1645::
1632::
1619::
1606::
1593::
1580::
1567::
1552::
525:.
515:84
513:.
509:.
394:.
319:.
280:.
598:e
591:t
584:v
567:.
540:.
521::
494:.
191:(
176:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
