1294:
1190:, and a number of French-built buildings were still standing and in use until recently. During this period, the city of Suruç served as the regional center of Kobanî. The area was marked by several border crossings with Turkey, unsanctioned by either the Turkish or French Mandatory governments. The crossings became a source of numerous Turkish complaints and led to the establishment of a French intelligence office in Kobanî to monitor border activity. Throughout the 20th century, the border remained officially closed even as the neighbouring towns of
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communities in Turkey and Iraq. Assistance was also offered by several
European organizations. As of May 2015, Turkey has kept the border closed but allowed some materials to reach the city. The international community, including the US, has not shown interest in rebuilding the town, nor have they pressured Turkey on the matter. By May 2015 more than 50,000 people had returned to the destroyed town. In May the Kobanî authorities, with the help of the municipality of
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65:
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1322:), the US-led coalition began to target ISIL with a larger number of airstrikes. From September 2014 through January 2015, hundreds of airstrikes struck ISIL fighters and leveled most of the administrative buildings and houses in the city center, helping to stop the ISIL advance. On 20 October there were reports that Turkey, under significant US pressure, would allow Kurdish fighters from
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153:
552:(عين العرب), is a translation of this. The word "spring" refers to the creek that used to flow east of the village, and during the summer Arab nomads would bring their herds to the location. This village was located south of a small lake that dried up in the 1960s. The name Mürşitpinar is still used as the name for the western village and the railway station in the Turkish side.
1266:(YPG) took control of Kobanî on 19 July 2012. The Syrian authorities in Kobanî and other Kurdish towns evacuated the government offices and centers without any fighting taking place between the Syrian and Kurdish forces. Since July 2012, Kobanî has been under Kurdish control. The YPG and Kurdish politicians anticipated autonomy for the area, which they consider part of
91:
1198:—both of which had smaller Kurdish populations—were allowed to have commercial border crossings, a situation which economically marginalised Kobanî for many years. However, there was limited traffic at the Kobanî-Mürşitpinar gate and passengers from Kobanî often crossed through it to travel by train to Aleppo. By 2011, as a result of the
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but water and power have yet to be restored. Although commerce is trickling back to life (...), more than half of the residential structures still standing are little more than blown out concrete shells. Yet the spirit of the people endures: Some now use defused ISIS rounds as ashtrays and flower pots."
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9 April 2009. Hussein Ali
Hussein, "Ayn Al-Arab over a century" (عين العرب في مئة عام), Dar Al-Aqsa, Damascus (2007); the book is a history of the town compiled for its centennial from accounts in living memory (notably from one Mohamed Abdi, who according to Hussein died in 1998 aged 118, as well
1976:
9 April 2009. Hussein Ali
Hussein, "Ayn Al-Arab over a century" (عين العرب في مئة عام), Dar Al-Aqsa, Damascus (2007); the book is a history of the town compiled for its centennial from accounts in living memory (notably from one Mohamed Abdi, who according to Hussein died in 1998 aged 118, as well
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in Kobanî, close to the
Turkish border crossing and launched a surprise assault on the town. At least 220 Kurdish civilians were massacred in mass killings by ISIL fighters or were killed by the group's rockets. Many more were wounded by the attack, making it one of the worst massacres carried out by
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When Syria gained independence from France in 1946, the intelligence building served as the political office of the Kobanî area's highest-ranking local administrator. Kobanî started to develop as a city in the 1950s when it was further separated from Suruç as a result of the
Turkish government mining
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as a "small
Kurdish village around 35 km (22 mi) east of the Euphrates" comprising a small cluster of square mud-brick huts, many with domed roofs; the local chief's hut was notable among these in its incorporation of European-style doors and windows and its concrete flooring. The area was
1481:
In an
October 2016 report from the city of Kobanî, U.S. academic Si Sheppard observed: "Since the siege of Kobanî ended, reconstruction has barely begun to compensate for the havoc wrought on the city by both ISIS artillery and coalition airstrikes (...). Herculean efforts have cleared the streets,
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to, among others, all residents of Kobane because, she said, facts on the ground demonstrate that these peaceful people are not safe in their enclaves, partly because of their ethnic origin and/or religion, and they are therefore in urgent need for immediate attention from the global community. She
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forces managed to defend a part of Kobanî and later several nearby settlements. After weeks of isolation, which resulted from Turkey's preventing arms and fighters from entering the town (which in turn was due to the general hostility of the
Turkish establishment towards Kurds with any links to the
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launched a worldwide campaign aimed at, among other things, raising awareness about Kobanî and the brutal attacks its residents were subjected to, and building connections between potential partners and communities whose work is relevant to the campaign, including individuals, groups, communities,
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said that ISIL fired at anything that moved. Islamic State also committed a massacre in the village of Barkh Butan, about 20 kilometers south of Kobanî, executing at least 23 Syrian Kurds, among them women and children. Kurdish forces and the Syrian government claimed the vehicles had entered the
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After the ISIL siege was broken in early 2015, the Kobane
Reconstruction Board asked for international assistance. According to a spokesman for the Syrian Kurds who control the town, Kobanî had been 70% destroyed. There have been several attempts to support Kobanî, especially from the Kurdish
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On 4 November 2014, Akrawi said that "a massacre can be avoided, if there is a well-organized and well-defined plan on how to deal with IS – a plan that sets out the strategic and tactical activities to be undertaken at the international, regional and local levels," adding that journalists,
1459:, managed to restore the water pump and supply for the urban area after 8 months without running water, repairing the pipelines and cleaning the main water tank. By May 2016, despite the challenges of the blockade by Turkey, reconstruction and return of inhabitants was well on the way.
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1525:, to the town to prevent it from coming under Turkish attack. Pro-government forces entered the town by mid October 2019 and Syrian State Media circulated images of Syrian troops raising the Syrian flag in the town. Following the acceptance of the
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The humanitarian response to the people from Kobanî who were displaced to Suruc, Turkey, was highly polarized, with actors associated with the
Turkish state on the one hand, and the pro-Kurdish movement on the other. In September 2014,
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tribes which had previously occupied the area. Local Kurds living in the plains to the east of the modern town reportedly provided lodgings at their encampment for a French-led archaeological team on its way to survey the nearby ancient
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from the nearby hills, partially because the German companies responsible for its construction were lax in providing payment and compensation to local landowners. German engineers staying in the area from 1912 to 1913 described
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villages. As a consequence of the ISIL occupation, up to 200,000 Kurdish refugees fled from Kobanî Canton to Turkey. Turkish authorities did not allow the refugees to enter with any vehicles or livestock that they had.
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said that more than 200 Kurdish civilians were massacred. Women and children were among the bodies found inside houses and on the streets of Kobanî and its surrounding villages. The
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Kobanî during the bombardment of ISIL targets by US-led forces. Photo taken from Turkish-Syrian border at Suruç, Turkey showing refugee camp in the middle distance (October 2014)
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The newly built town began to form south of a simple train station built in 1912 along the railway by workers from the nearby town of Suruç. The train station was part of the
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in the 1960s while others moved to bigger cities, including Aleppo and Beirut, as well as cities in the US and other countries. The town was also home to a small
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Kobanî Canton had been under attack by ISIL militants for several months. In September 2014, militants occupied most of the Kobanî region, seizing more than 100
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Prior to the Syrian Civil War, Kobanî was recorded as having a population of close to 45,000. According to 2013 estimates, the majority of the inhabitants were
1106:), Kurdish raiders from the Busrawi and Shahin Bey clans—rivals who lived south and east of today's Kobanî - reportedly harassed work crews attempting to mine
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asked the international community to make sure that the victims are not forgotten; they should be rescued, protected, fully assisted and compensated fairly.
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civil control of the town, while Syrian and Russian forces took up positions along the border areas and began military patrols along the city's streets.
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is “Gesellschaft”, whereas "Kompanie" (meaning company) refers solely to military units. Others have suggested that the origin of the middle of the word
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to cross into Kobanî. About 150 Kurdish troops were admitted on 29 October, which then began to turn the tide of the siege in favor of the Kurds. The
1202:, traffic through this gate increased. Wounded and sick people could cross to the Turkish side while trucks carrying goods crossed into Kobanî from
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1947:
1270:. After similar less intense events earlier in 2014, on 2 July the town and surrounding villages came under a massive attack from fighters of the
1478:(MSF) had been sending them special medical equipment. It was established in a hospital formerly owned by Dr. Ezzat Afandi, an Austrian citizen.
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2498:"YPG retakes the entire city of Ayn al- Arab "Kobani" after 112 days of clashes with IS militants • The Syrian Observatory For Human Rights"
1972:
Other sources that refer to this subject include Nedal Yousef, 'Interview with Hussein Amin Hussein about 'Ayn al-Arab – One Hundred Years
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along the railway line in 1921, the northern part of Ayn al-Arab was left on the Turkish side. This small settlement is incorporated in the
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Some of the Kurds who settled in Kobanî were originally from the Kurdish regions in Turkey. Some fled persecution following the Kurdish-led
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3300:"بعد أكثر من 40 سنة.. طائرة تركية تستهدف منزل مكث فيه عبدالله أوجلان أول قائد لحزب العمال الكردستاني في منطقة عين العرب (كوباني)"
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2013:
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Maunsell's ethnographical map of northern Syria in 1910. Location of Ayn al-Arab (Arab punar) marked on top center of map
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1274:. On 16 September, ISIL resumed its siege of Kobanî with a full-scale assault from the west and the south of the city.
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community, but their numbers dwindled and the town's only Syriac Orthodox church was demolished in the early 1960s.
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3092:"Kobane / Cizire Update 90: Kurdish Advance in Cizire Continues Taking 20+ Villages from Islamic State in 48 Hours"
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1585:, narrates the 2015 siege of the city of Kobane, inspired for the lead character on the actual female's commander
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humanitarian- and human rights organizations are not allowed to pass through Turkish checkpoints near the border.
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gate. By the middle of the 20th century, there were three Armenian churches and two schools in the town, but many
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Isis in Kobani: Turkey's act of abandonment may mark an 'irrevocable breach' with Kurds across the region
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that the city is placed along from 1911. However, this is doubted by some who point out that company in
419:(YPG) militia in 2012 and became the administrative center of the Kobani Canton, later transformed into
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The city's infrastructural layout was largely planned and constructed by French authorities during the
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1066:. These tribes had progressively migrated in from the north during the 19th century, pushing back the
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1827:"Kobani: destroyed and riddled with unexploded bombs, but its residents dare to dream of a new start"
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3192:"What the Syrian Kurds Have Wrought. The radical, unlikely, democratic experiment in northern Syria"
2343:"NATO's Secret Kurdish War: Turkey Prepares Iraq-Style Attacks Inside Syria – OpEd – Eurasia Review"
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settled in the newly built town around 1915, and were soon joined by more Kurds from nearby areas.
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1600:: a two-year-old whose image made global headlines after he drowned on 2 September 2015 in the
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to retreat from Kobanî on 26 January 2015, thus lifting the siege. The city is currently under
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2790:"Dr Widad Akrawi Interviewed at RojNews: Do you see a new Kurdish massacre looming in Kobane?"
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according to a 2013 estimate, about 90% Kurds, close to 5% Arab and Turkmen, and 1% Armenians.
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3511:"Gemellaggio con Kobane, città simbolo della resistenza contro l'Isis: Sel deposita mozione"
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2420:"ISIL seizes 21 Kurdish villages in northern Syria, close in on Kobanî – World News Report"
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Nedal Yousef, 'Interview with Hussein Amin Hussein about 'Ayn al-Arab – One Hundred Years
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opened a hospital in the city under the name of "Kobani Hospital", their first hospital in
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In 1892, there were three homesteads situated in the area. During the construction of the
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438:. Most of the eastern parts of the city were destroyed and most of the population fled to
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Weather Online, Weather Base, BBC Weather and My Weather 2, accessed 10 November 2012
1911:
1529:, Kurdish military forces were mandated to withdraw from the town. Nevertheless, the
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women. IS militants, however, were not able to occupy all of Kobanî itself, as the
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could come from the German "Bahn", meaning road, as the railroad was in fact named
3249:"On Syria's border, a snapshot of Kurdish town's 2018 calm ahead of current storm"
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3485:"Napoli in gemellaggio con Kobane: "Vicini a chi lotta per la pace e la libertà""
2298:(in Turkish). Turkish Interior Ministry. 26 March 2013. p. 3. Archived from
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2293:"Sınır Kapıları Listesi HUDUT KAPILARI NEVİLERİN GÖRE-AÇIKLAMALI SINIR ÜLKELERİ"
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Boyes, William (March 1916). "Persönliche Erinnerungen vom Bau der Bagdadbahn".
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3274:"Russian military police deploy in Syria's Kobani as part of deal with Turkey"
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2390:"Isis onslaught against Kurds in Syria brings 'man-made disaster' into Turkey"
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in Italy became a partner city of Kobani. Also in 2015, the Italian cities of
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By 2019, atrocities by ISIL have driven many families of Kobani to convert to
1306:
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The Technologist: Mitteilungen des deutsch-amerikanischen Techniker-Verbandes
1578:" where he reported his experience among the defenders of the Rojava region.
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Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
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had stayed in the city during 1979. The house was used as a museum by the
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The documentary "Radio Kobani" won the Award for Best Documentary at the
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1857:"Syrian government forces set to enter Kobani and Manbij after SDF deal"
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2160:"حسين أمين حسين"...يتحدث عن مدينة "عين العرب" في مئة عام.. (esyria.sy)
2064:
The district of Kobanî comprises about 170 villages: Gérard Chaliand,
1974:"حسين أمين حسين"...يتحدث عن مدينة "عين العرب" في مئة عام.. (esyria.sy)
17:
7621:
7576:
7486:
7461:
7456:
7446:
7411:
7381:
7231:
7191:
7171:
7081:
7051:
6816:
6737:
6717:
6682:
6642:
6637:
6612:
6562:
6547:
6542:
6504:
6439:
6195:
5998:
5928:
5571:
5526:
5501:
5450:
5375:
5138:
4919:
4874:
4699:
4654:
4644:
4519:
4504:
4489:
4479:
4434:
4399:
4389:
4278:
3969:
3703:
3669:
3433:"Roma si gemella con Kobane: "Simbolo di resistenza" - QuotidianoNet"
3168:
1644:
1640:
1471:
1267:
1160:
1128:
1107:
1103:
545:
439:
267:
2516:
2501:
2207:
1509:, which put the city's administration under existential threat, the
3573:
The Daughters of Kobani: A Story of Rebellion, Courage, and Justice
2717:"Dr. Widad Akrawi Xelata Aştiyê pêşkêşî Kobanê û Şengalê hat kirin"
2644:"Dr Akrawi Dedicated Peace Award to Yezidis, Christians and Kobane"
2447:"Hundreds Wait for Kobani Fighting to End, Risking Lives at Border"
2116:
Dead towns and living men: Being pages from an antiquary's notebook
2093:"200,000 civilians try to escape violence in Syrian city of Aleppo"
2070:
Office International de Renseignements sur les Sauterelles de Damas
1887:"The Second Report: Ayn al-Arab/Kobani, Etana Billetin-First issue"
7616:
7586:
7106:
7076:
7011:
6911:
6841:
6811:
6489:
6474:
6449:
6417:
5590:
5074:
4924:
4639:
4589:
4459:
4349:
3652:
3381:"New Kobane clock tower symbol of Kurdish resistance against ISIS"
3218:"Christianity grows in Syrian town once besieged by Islamic State"
2325:"More Kurdish Cities Liberated As Syrian Army Withdraws from Area"
1496:
1292:
1286:
1276:
1141:
404:
158:
2839:"Syrian Kurds say thwart big Islamic State attack on border town"
2208:أكراد سورية لا يريدون الانفصال نحارب النظام و"النصرة" ونخشى مجازر
7336:
6607:
6557:
6469:
6459:
4894:
4683:
4338:
1636:
1331:
1067:
1008:
461:
6388:
6216:
5974:
5747:
5622:
5427:
5265:
5115:
4825:
4315:
3680:
3623:
6856:
3066:"Closed Turkish border endangers present and future of Kobani"
3050:
2911:"ISIS 'kills at least 146 civilians' in Kobane, activists say"
2893:"Islamic State kills at least 145 civilians in Syria's Kobani"
1335:
1327:
1319:
445:
In mid October 2019, Kurdish forces accepted the entry of the
2875:"Syria crisis: Islamic State 'kills 120 civilians' in Kobane"
1003:
3615:
Recommendations for reconstructing Kobani on www.kobani.net
2597:"Dr Widad Akrawi awarded International Pfeffer Peace Prize"
2517:"Mapping action and identity in the Kobani crisis response"
1116:
apparently also known for its swarms of biting sand-flies.
2948:"Isis in Kobani: Why we ignore the worst of the massacres"
415:, the city came under the control of the Kurdish-majority
2811:"Islamic State attack puts Kobani reconstruction at risk"
2665:"Dr. Widad Akrawi Barış ödülünü Kobanê ve Şengal'e adadı"
1446:
city from across the border, an action denied by Turkey.
1297:
Paris Kurds rally in support of Kobanî on 1 November 2014
3614:
3047:"Syrian town tries to rise from ashes after ISIS defeat"
3002:"Syria crisis: IS re-enters Kurdish-held city of Kobane"
2966:"Syria Islamic State: Kurds 'claim control over Kobane'"
2984:"IS 'executes 23 Kurds' in village near Syria's Kobane"
2930:"Mass Killings by ISIL Fighters in Syrian Kurdish Town"
2857:"HRW: ISIS murdered 233 civilians in Kobanê since June"
1489:, while others chose to become atheists and agnostics.
1517:
in which the latter would deploy limited parts of the
1167:
district and still has a little railway station and a
1123:
project launched by the Ottoman government to connect
1565:
International Documentary Festival – Amsterdam (IDFA)
2413:
2411:
1501:
Russian military police in Kobanî on 23 October 2019
382:
358:
6786:
6522:
6429:
6344:
6304:
6279:
6259:
6229:
6119:
6084:
6029:
6009:
5987:
5877:
5760:
5705:
5670:
5635:
5580:
5555:
5475:
5440:
5390:
5365:
5315:
5278:
5228:
5163:
5128:
5083:
5058:
5033:
5013:
4983:
4933:
4838:
4713:
4673:
4623:
4573:
4443:
4328:
4268:
4158:
4113:
4038:
3953:
3828:
3693:
2618:"Dr. Widad Akrawi Receives the Pfeffer Peace Award"
2194:"Kurdish Leader Denies Syrian Kurds Seek Secession"
2066:
A People Without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan
1359:, President of Defend International, dedicated her
442:. In 2015, many returned and reconstruction began.
302:
292:
278:
261:
250:
242:
234:
229:
221:
213:
208:
200:
188:
176:
164:
146:
37:
2384:
2382:
2091:Ivan Watson; Shiyar Sayed Mohamad (29 July 2012).
2007:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1804:"Syrian Kurds 'drive Islamic State out of Kobane'"
1159:in 1925. After the demarcation of the border with
430:From September 2014 to January 2015, the city was
1910:, founded on 13 April 1903 with 40% ownership of
1790:, Table 4.1 Cantons of the Rojava Administration.
1531:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
1470:, after several international organizations like
425:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
2048:"Explained: Kobane or Ayn al-Arab? - World News"
1688:"General Census of Population and Housing 2004:
1610:is a Syrian Kurdish poet, writer and translator.
453:in a bid to stop Turkey from invading the town.
3408:. Kurdishquestion. 5 April 2015. Archived from
3322:"Kobani film wins best Dutch documentary award"
2575:"Artist Jane Adams invited to join DI campaign"
1507:2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria
2206:Originally published in Arabic by Al-Hayat as
2027:
2025:
2023:
1798:
1796:
6400:
3635:
1062:, many but not all of which were part of the
544:'Spring of the Arabs'), and Kobanî's
505:
487:
481:
333:
318:
8:
3355:"Kobane wartet auf einen Angriff der Türkei"
3324:. ARA News. 25 November 2016. Archived from
2769:"Save The Yazidis: The World Has To Act Now"
2691:"Peace award dedicated to Kobanî and Şengal"
2554:"Save The Yazidis: The World Has To Act Now"
1908:Sociéte Impériale du Chemin de fer de Bagdad
1740:"40 thousand have returned to Kobanê so far"
1682:
1680:
1574:published a comics-illustrated book called "
1555:and the strike only caused material damage.
994:
517:The Ottoman name of the eastern village was
54:
3113:"Syria civil war: New beginnings in Kobane"
2196:. Translated by Sami-Joe Abboud. Al Monitor
1527:Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone Agreement
6407:
6393:
6385:
6226:
6213:
5984:
5971:
5757:
5744:
5632:
5619:
5437:
5424:
5275:
5262:
5125:
5112:
4835:
4822:
4325:
4312:
3690:
3677:
3642:
3628:
3620:
3607:
2240:(in Arabic). qenshrin.com. 18 October 2005
1301:In captured villages, militants committed
993:
574:
34:
2222:"Bir Ermeni çocuğun Kobani hatıraları..."
2163:as "other centenarians from the region").
2108:
2106:
1977:as "other centenarians from the region").
1825:Graham-Harrison, Emma (31 January 2015).
1581:The 2022 fiction film Kobane directed by
7688:Populated places in Ayn al-Arab District
3135:"KRC opens the first hospital in Kobani"
2263:The Kurds in Syria: The Forgotten People
1213:
2743:"Xelata Aştiyê diyarî Kobanê hat kirin"
1880:
1878:
1676:
291:
260:
228:
220:
207:
199:
145:
110:
76:
61:
50:
1787:
1361:2014 International Pfeffer Peace Award
338:
327:
2068:, 1993, p. 195. name of the station:
2014:"Erdogan plays 'Arab card' in Kobani"
1942:
1940:
480:One theory of the origin of the name
394:
301:
277:
249:
241:
233:
212:
187:
175:
163:
7:
7683:Populated places established in 1915
3406:"Rome Declares Kobane 'Sister City'"
2119:. Oxford University Press. pp.
1851:
1849:
1426:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
1272:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
1058:, the area was mainly populated by
526:
436:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
3542:Syria: Hot Spots in Global Politics
3141:. 24 September 2016. Archived from
2192:Cheterian, Vikin (2 October 2013).
2032:Movsesian, Mark (27 October 2014).
2012:Tastekin, Fehim (28 October 2014).
1948:"Explained: Kobane or Ayn al-Arab?"
1443:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights
1435:Syrian Observatory for Human Rights
1424:On 25 June 2015, fighters from the
1084:
488:
372:
348:
319:
55:
3064:Geerdink, Fréderike (9 May 2015).
2220:Korucu, Serdar (24 October 2014).
1920:Anatolische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft
1493:Entry of Syrian and Russian forces
1177:Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic
25:
2500:. 26 January 2015. Archived from
2445:Ayla Albayrak (17 October 2014).
1433:ISIL in Syria. In another report
1226:was the administrative center of
407:, lying immediately south of the
6513:
6416:
4302:
4296:
3651:
3216:Davidson, John (16 April 2019).
3045:Paton Walsh, Nick (5 May 2015).
2472:"Turkey to Allow Reinforcements"
2267:. London: Pluto Press. pp.
2237:السريان ..... عين العرب وتل أبيض
2134:Heuzey, Léon; Hamdy-Bey (1899).
1406:
1397:
1386:
562:hot-summer Mediterranean climate
151:
89:
82:
63:
5707:Rasm Harmil al-Imam Subdistrict
3431:QuotidianoNet (23 April 2015).
3190:Si Sheppard (25 October 2016).
3165:"Das "Wiener Spital" in Kobane"
3090:Clifford, Peter (15 May 2015).
1746:. 17 March 2015. Archived from
3459:"Roma abbraccia Kobane - Core"
1889:. Etana Files. 1 December 2013
1769:Ehmed, Raman (12 March 2020).
1450:Reconstruction and development
1437:and spokesman for the Kurdish
90:
1:
3571:Gayle Tzemach Lemmon (2021).
2928:Hubbard, Ben (27 June 2015).
2371:. 6 July 2014. Archived from
2365:"What's happening in Kobane?"
2113:Woolley, Sir Leonard (1920).
566:Köppen climate classification
217:7 km (3 sq mi)
1928:Schweizerische Kreditanstalt
1696:Central Bureau of Statistics
1647:approved the preparation of
1570:In 2015, the Italian author
1533:was reported to still be in
7693:Towns in Aleppo Governorate
5672:Kuweires Sharqi Subdistrict
5392:Shuyukh Tahtani Subdistrict
5085:Shaykh al-Hadid Subdistrict
3780:al-Muslimiyah al-Shamaliyah
3465:(in Italian). 24 April 2015
2136:"Les ruines de Arslan-Tash"
1806:. BBC News. 26 January 2015
1712:Also available in English:
1505:Following the start of the
697:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
627:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
506:
482:
403:-majority city in northern
383:
359:
334:
243: • Estimate
7709:
4294:
3830:Tell ad-Daman Subdistrict
1932:Banca Commerciale Italiana
1375:
1251:
976:
577:
411:. As a consequence of the
225:520 m (1,710 ft)
69:View of Kobanî during the
6511:
6423:Cities and towns of Syria
6225:
6212:
5983:
5970:
5756:
5743:
5631:
5618:
5436:
5423:
5274:
5261:
5230:Urum al-Kubra Subdistrict
5124:
5111:
4834:
4821:
4324:
4311:
3689:
3676:
3664:
3539:Abboud, Samer N. (2018).
3115:. Al Jazeera. 13 May 2016
1715:"Syria: 2004 census data"
1439:People's Protection Units
1417:Martyrs' Cemetery, Kobanî
1264:People's Protection Units
1087:) in the summer of 1883.
1047:
1021:—
928:
884:
840:
766:
696:
626:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
597:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
417:People's Protection Units
131:36.8910278°N 38.3536111°E
111:
77:
62:
51:
44:
5165:Ibbin Samaan Subdistrict
3695:Mount Simeon Subdistrict
3353:Kobane, Petra Ramsauer.
3224:. Kobanî. Archived from
2236:
1513:reached a deal with the
1511:Syrian Democratic Forces
1476:Médecins Sans Frontières
1254:Rojava–Islamist conflict
578:Climate data for Kobanî
5317:al-Jalbiyah Subdistrict
5280:Ayn al-Arab Subdistrict
4575:Tell Rifaat Subdistrict
2451:The Wall Street Journal
1661:Ayn al-Arab Subdistrict
1631:International relations
1523:Russian Military Police
1131:. Refugees fleeing the
512:"Anatolische Eisenbahn"
451:Russian Military Police
7212:Khirbet al-Tin Mahmoud
6658:al-Mukharram al-Foqani
6086:Al-Khafsah Subdistrict
6031:Abu Qilqil Subdistrict
5637:Dayr Hafir Subdistrict
4040:Darat Izza Subdistrict
3342:. IMDB. 23 March 2023.
2515:McGee, Thomas (2016).
2259:Yildiz, Kerim (2005).
2224:(in Turkish). Radikal.
2034:"Kobani, Then and Now"
1502:
1298:
1282:
1235:
1147:
534:
396:[ʕeːnelˈʕɑrɑb]
136:36.8910278; 38.3536111
6346:Tell Aran Subdistrict
6246:Abu Jurayn al-Safirah
6231:As-Safira Subdistrict
6156:Ras al-Ayn al-Bumane'
5879:Ghandoura Subdistrict
5762:Jarabulus Subdistrict
4985:Jandairis Subdistrict
4160:al-Zirbah Subdistrict
4115:al-Hadher Subdistrict
3770:Maratat al-Muslimiyah
3683:Mount Simeon District
3302:. SOHR. 16 April 2021
3253:www.timesofisrael.com
2210:on 28 September 2013.
1916:Imperial Ottoman Bank
1500:
1296:
1280:
1217:
1157:Sheikh Said rebellion
1145:
995:Historical population
498:Konya-Baghdad Railway
280: • Summer (
32:City in Aleppo, Syria
7542:al-Surah al-Saghirah
6306:Khanasir Subdistrict
6281:al-Hajib Subdistrict
6146:al-Nasiriyah Fawqani
6121:Maskanah Subdistrict
6011:Abu Kahf Subdistrict
5268:Ayn al-Arab District
5195:Kafr Nasih al-Atarib
5015:Maabatli Subdistrict
4445:Akhtarin Subdistrict
3328:on 27 November 2016.
2533:10.33182/ks.v4i1.406
2305:on 20 September 2013
1771:"Kobanî yan Kobanê?"
1694:(in Arabic). Syrian
1666:Ayn al-Arab District
1547:destroyed the house
1540:On 16 April 2021, a
1464:Kurdish Red Crescent
1349:Defend International
1239:of the border area.
1232:Ayn al-Arab District
7387:Rasm Harmil al-Imam
6151:Qashlat Yusef Basha
6111:al-Mahsanah Khafsah
5716:Rasm Harmil al-Imam
5625:Dayr Hafir District
5060:Sharran Subdistrict
3955:Haritan Subdistrict
3765:Maghayer Khan Tuman
3412:on 13 December 2016
2843:Reuters, Yahoo News
2671:on 11 November 2014
2504:on 16 October 2015.
2396:. 22 September 2014
2052:Hürriyet Daily News
1702:on 24 November 2015
1690:Ain al-Arab nahiyah
1462:In September 2016,
1064:Milli confederation
996:
885:Average snowy days
841:Average rainy days
409:Syria–Turkey border
329:[koˈbaːniː]
127: /
6219:As-Safira District
5989:Manbij Subdistrict
5949:Qubbat at-Turkuman
5750:Jarabulus District
5557:Al-Rai Subdistrict
5442:Al-Bab Subdistrict
5407:Tell Abyad Tahtani
5367:Sarrin Subdistrict
5307:Jaadat al-Samaawat
5130:Atarib Subdistrict
4935:Bulbul Subdistrict
4715:Sawran Subdistrict
4270:Zammar Subdistrict
3940:Tabara al-Khusheir
3658:Aleppo Governorate
3600:(2016 documentary)
3171:. 31 December 2014
2934:The New York Times
2749:on 20 October 2014
2723:on 20 October 2014
2697:on 20 October 2014
2624:on 19 October 2015
2375:on 7 January 2015.
2054:. 28 October 2014.
1986:Patrick Cockburn,
1567:in November 2016.
1503:
1372:June 2015 massacre
1299:
1283:
1236:
1228:Nahiya Ayn al-Arab
1210:Syria pre-autonomy
1148:
340:[koˈbaːne]
7660:
7659:
7002:al-Hajar al-Aswad
6382:
6381:
6378:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6261:Banan Subdistrict
6208:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6046:Arab Hassan Kabir
5966:
5965:
5962:
5961:
5859:Umm Rutha Tahtani
5829:Jarabulus Tahtani
5739:
5738:
5735:
5734:
5614:
5613:
5610:
5609:
5582:Tadef Subdistrict
5477:Arima Subdistrict
5419:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5257:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5107:
5106:
5103:
5102:
4840:Afrin Subdistrict
4817:
4816:
4813:
4812:
4650:Ma'arat Umm Hawsh
4625:Mare' Subdistrict
4292:
4291:
4288:
4287:
3805:Tell Shair Samaan
3575:. Penguin Press.
3556:978-1-509-52241-5
3280:. 23 October 2019
3139:Hawar News Agency
2861:Dicle News Agency
2478:. 21 October 2014
1924:Wiener Bankverein
1863:. 13 October 2019
1602:Mediterranean Sea
1542:Turkish Air Force
1515:Syrian Government
1355:In October 2014,
1175:emigrated to the
1133:Armenian genocide
1094:(launched by the
1052:
1051:
981:
980:
931:relative humidity
543:
381:
357:
312:
311:
235: • City
214: • City
103:Location in Syria
16:(Redirected from
7700:
7678:Euphrates Region
7507:al-Shaykh Maskin
7207:Khirbet Ghazaleh
7037:Harran al-Awamid
6628:Maarat al-Numaan
6623:Jisr ash-Shughur
6517:
6421:
6420:
6409:
6402:
6395:
6386:
6227:
6214:
5985:
5972:
5758:
5745:
5652:Humaymah Kabirah
5633:
5620:
5438:
5425:
5357:Ras al-Ayn Qibli
5332:Jubb Faraj Kabir
5276:
5263:
5126:
5113:
5035:Rajo Subdistrict
4836:
4823:
4675:Nubl Subdistrict
4330:Azaz Subdistrict
4326:
4313:
4306:
4300:
4230:Othmaniya Kabira
3935:Rasm al-Mofakker
3875:Ballas al-Jadida
3865:Atshana Gharbiya
3860:Atshana Sharqiya
3730:Duwayr al-Zaytun
3691:
3678:
3656:
3655:
3644:
3637:
3630:
3621:
3611:
3586:
3560:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3522:
3507:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3496:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3377:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3366:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3336:
3330:
3329:
3318:
3312:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3244:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3228:on 21 April 2019
3213:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3176:
3161:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3131:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3109:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3087:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3024:
3018:
3017:
3015:
3013:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2980:
2974:
2973:
2962:
2956:
2955:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2925:
2919:
2918:
2907:
2901:
2900:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2745:. Archived from
2739:
2733:
2732:
2730:
2728:
2719:. Archived from
2713:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2693:. Archived from
2687:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2667:. Archived from
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2620:. Archived from
2614:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2494:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2483:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2431:
2422:. Archived from
2415:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2386:
2377:
2376:
2369:Kurdish Question
2361:
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2310:
2304:
2297:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2266:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2217:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2170:
2164:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2131:
2125:
2124:
2110:
2101:
2100:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2044:
2038:
2037:
2029:
2018:
2017:
2009:
1994:
1984:
1978:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1954:. 28 August 2014
1944:
1935:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1861:The Defense Post
1853:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1800:
1791:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1698:. Archived from
1684:
1428:detonated three
1410:
1401:
1390:
1243:Syrian Civil War
1220:Syrian Civil War
1200:Syrian Civil War
1188:Mandatory period
1086:
1010:
1005:
997:
575:
538:
528:
509:
491:
490:
485:
421:Euphrates Region
413:Syrian civil war
398:
393:
386:
376:
374:
362:
352:
350:
342:
337:
332:, also rendered
331:
326:
322:
321:
285:
157:
155:
154:
142:
141:
139:
138:
137:
132:
128:
125:
124:
123:
120:
93:
92:
86:
67:
58:
57:
35:
21:
7708:
7707:
7703:
7702:
7701:
7699:
7698:
7697:
7663:
7662:
7661:
7656:
7512:Shayukh Tahtani
7502:Shaykh al-Hadid
7352:Qalaat al-Madiq
7222:Ma'arrat Misrin
7197:Kuwayris Sharqi
6782:
6748:al-Suqaylabiyah
6743:ash-Shaykh Badr
6518:
6509:
6425:
6415:
6413:
6383:
6370:
6340:
6300:
6275:
6255:
6221:
6200:
6141:Mujammaa Huttin
6115:
6080:
6025:
6005:
5979:
5977:Manbij District
5958:
5873:
5752:
5731:
5701:
5681:Kuweires Sharqi
5666:
5627:
5606:
5576:
5551:
5471:
5432:
5430:Al-Bab District
5411:
5401:Shuyukh Tahtani
5386:
5382:Shuyukh Fawqani
5361:
5311:
5270:
5249:
5224:
5159:
5120:
5118:Atarib District
5099:
5094:Shaykh al-Hadid
5079:
5054:
5029:
5009:
4979:
4929:
4830:
4809:
4709:
4669:
4619:
4569:
4439:
4430:Tulayl ash-Sham
4320:
4307:
4301:
4284:
4264:
4154:
4145:Maryamin Samaan
4109:
4095:Qabtan al-Jabal
4034:
4005:Maarat al-Artiq
3949:
3890:Buwaida Saghira
3824:
3685:
3672:
3660:
3650:
3648:
3593:
3583:
3570:
3567:
3565:Further reading
3557:
3538:
3535:
3530:
3520:
3518:
3509:
3508:
3504:
3494:
3492:
3483:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3466:
3457:
3456:
3452:
3442:
3440:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3404:
3403:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3379:
3378:
3374:
3364:
3362:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3338:
3337:
3333:
3320:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3303:
3298:
3297:
3293:
3283:
3281:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3257:
3255:
3247:Genesove, Ziv.
3246:
3245:
3241:
3231:
3229:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3200:
3198:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3174:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3146:
3145:on 3 March 2018
3133:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3116:
3111:
3110:
3106:
3096:
3094:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3074:
3072:
3063:
3062:
3058:
3044:
3043:
3039:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3009:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2972:. 27 June 2015.
2964:
2963:
2959:
2954:. 27 June 2015.
2952:The Independent
2946:
2945:
2941:
2927:
2926:
2922:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2899:. 26 June 2015.
2891:
2890:
2886:
2881:. 26 June 2015.
2873:
2872:
2868:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2822:
2820:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2726:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2700:
2698:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2674:
2672:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2616:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2521:Kurdish Studies
2514:
2513:
2509:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2481:
2479:
2476:The Independent
2470:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2453:
2444:
2443:
2439:
2429:
2427:
2426:on 13 July 2018
2417:
2416:
2409:
2399:
2397:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2348:
2346:
2345:. 3 August 2012
2341:
2340:
2336:
2331:. 20 July 2012.
2323:
2322:
2318:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2279:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2219:
2218:
2214:
2199:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2155:
2151:
2133:
2132:
2128:
2112:
2111:
2104:
2090:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2063:
2059:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2036:. First Things.
2031:
2030:
2021:
2011:
2010:
1997:
1993:7 October 2014.
1985:
1981:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1890:
1885:
1883:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1855:
1854:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1809:
1807:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1786:
1782:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1753:
1751:
1750:on 13 July 2018
1738:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1713:
1705:
1703:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1674:
1657:
1633:
1617:
1594:
1561:
1549:Abdullah Öcalan
1495:
1452:
1422:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1403:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1380:
1378:Kobanî massacre
1374:
1344:
1324:Iraqi Kurdistan
1260:
1258:Siege of Kobanî
1252:Main articles:
1250:
1245:
1212:
1181:Syriac Orthodox
1169:border crossing
1153:
1121:Baghdad Railway
1092:Baghdad Railway
992:
987:
982:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
558:
523:Ottoman Turkish
478:
390:North Levantine
388:
324:
298:
279:
152:
150:
135:
133:
129:
126:
121:
118:
116:
114:
113:
107:
106:
105:
104:
101:
100:
99:
98:
94:
73:
53:
47:
40:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7706:
7704:
7696:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7665:
7664:
7658:
7657:
7655:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7422:al-Sabe' Biyar
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7277:Mashta al-Helu
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7117:Jubb al-Jarrah
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6987:al-Ghizlaniyah
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6793:
6791:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6705:
6700:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6655:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6615:
6610:
6605:
6600:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6529:
6527:
6520:
6519:
6512:
6510:
6508:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6457:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6436:
6434:
6427:
6426:
6414:
6412:
6411:
6404:
6397:
6389:
6380:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6372:
6371:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6350:
6348:
6342:
6341:
6339:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6310:
6308:
6302:
6301:
6299:
6298:
6293:
6285:
6283:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6273:
6265:
6263:
6257:
6256:
6254:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6235:
6233:
6223:
6222:
6217:
6210:
6209:
6206:
6205:
6202:
6201:
6199:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6161:Saan al-Ghazal
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6125:
6123:
6117:
6116:
6114:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6090:
6088:
6082:
6081:
6079:
6078:
6073:
6071:Hayyah Kabirah
6068:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6035:
6033:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6015:
6013:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5993:
5991:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5968:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5941:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5883:
5881:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5834:Marma al-Hajar
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5794:al-Haluwaniyah
5791:
5786:
5784:al-Bir Tahtani
5781:
5779:al-Bir Fawqani
5776:
5766:
5764:
5754:
5753:
5748:
5741:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5729:
5724:
5719:
5711:
5709:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5699:
5694:
5689:
5684:
5676:
5674:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5649:
5641:
5639:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5616:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5586:
5584:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5574:
5569:
5561:
5559:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5481:
5479:
5473:
5472:
5470:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5446:
5444:
5434:
5433:
5428:
5421:
5420:
5417:
5416:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5404:
5396:
5394:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5384:
5379:
5371:
5369:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5321:
5319:
5313:
5312:
5310:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5284:
5282:
5272:
5271:
5266:
5259:
5258:
5255:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5245:Urum al-Sughra
5242:
5234:
5232:
5226:
5225:
5223:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5169:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5142:
5134:
5132:
5122:
5121:
5116:
5109:
5108:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5098:
5097:
5089:
5087:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5072:
5064:
5062:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5047:
5039:
5037:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5019:
5017:
5011:
5010:
5008:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4989:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4939:
4937:
4931:
4930:
4928:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4844:
4842:
4832:
4831:
4828:Afrin District
4826:
4819:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4765:Kafr Burayshah
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4719:
4717:
4711:
4710:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4679:
4677:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4629:
4627:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4579:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4449:
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4334:
4332:
4322:
4321:
4316:
4309:
4308:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4282:
4274:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4210:Huweir al-Eiss
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4164:
4162:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4119:
4117:
4111:
4110:
4108:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4044:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3959:
3957:
3951:
3950:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3930:Oweinat Kabira
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
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3847:
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3834:
3832:
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3797:
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3762:
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3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3699:
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3686:
3681:
3674:
3673:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3592:
3591:External links
3589:
3588:
3587:
3582:978-0525560685
3581:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3555:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3502:
3476:
3450:
3423:
3397:
3372:
3359:NZZ am Sonntag
3345:
3331:
3313:
3291:
3265:
3239:
3208:
3182:
3156:
3126:
3104:
3082:
3056:
3037:
3019:
3008:. 25 June 2015
2993:
2975:
2957:
2939:
2920:
2902:
2884:
2866:
2848:
2830:
2819:. 26 June 2015
2802:
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2760:
2734:
2708:
2682:
2656:
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2489:
2463:
2437:
2407:
2378:
2356:
2334:
2316:
2284:
2277:
2251:
2227:
2212:
2184:
2165:
2149:
2126:
2102:
2083:
2074:
2072:, 1930, p. 43.
2057:
2039:
2019:
1995:
1979:
1965:
1936:
1900:
1874:
1845:
1817:
1792:
1780:
1761:
1731:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1656:
1653:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1616:
1615:Notable sights
1613:
1612:
1611:
1605:
1593:
1592:Notable people
1590:
1576:Kobane Calling
1560:
1557:
1494:
1491:
1451:
1448:
1415:
1414:
1405:
1404:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1382:
1381:
1376:Main article:
1373:
1370:
1343:
1340:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1211:
1208:
1152:
1151:French Mandate
1149:
1137:Ottoman Empire
1096:Ottoman Empire
1060:Kurdish tribes
1050:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1001:
991:
990:Ottoman period
988:
986:
983:
979:
978:
974:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
943:
940:
937:
934:
926:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
882:
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872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
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845:
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838:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
764:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
694:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
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628:
624:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
580:
579:
573:
557:
554:
492:) is the word
477:
474:
392:pronunciation:
373:عَيْن الْعَرَب
363:), officially
310:
309:
306:
300:
299:
296:
294:
290:
289:
286:
276:
275:
265:
259:
258:
255:
248:
247:
244:
240:
239:
236:
232:
231:
227:
226:
223:
219:
218:
215:
211:
210:
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
192:
186:
185:
180:
174:
173:
168:
162:
161:
148:
144:
143:
109:
108:
102:
96:
95:
88:
87:
81:
80:
79:
78:
75:
74:
68:
60:
59:
56:عَيْن الْعَرَب
49:
48:
45:
42:
41:
38:
31:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7705:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7670:
7668:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7642:al-Yaarubiyah
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7632:Urum al-Kubra
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7592:Tell al-Daman
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7347:al-Qahtaniyah
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7322:al-Nashabiyah
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7307:al-Musayfirah
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
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7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
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7225:
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7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7182:Khan Shaykhun
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7152:Kafr Takharim
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
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7110:
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7098:
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7068:
7065:
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7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6947:al-Darbasiyah
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
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6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
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6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6852:Assal al-Ward
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6802:Abu al-Thuhur
6800:
6798:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6785:
6779:
6776:
6774:
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6759:
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6751:
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6711:
6709:
6706:
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6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
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6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
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6506:
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6438:
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6428:
6424:
6419:
6410:
6405:
6403:
6398:
6396:
6391:
6390:
6387:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6356:
6352:
6351:
6349:
6347:
6343:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6316:
6312:
6311:
6309:
6307:
6303:
6297:
6294:
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6287:
6286:
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6282:
6278:
6272:
6271:
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6266:
6264:
6262:
6258:
6252:
6249:
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6241:
6237:
6236:
6234:
6232:
6228:
6224:
6220:
6215:
6211:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6131:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6122:
6118:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6096:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6087:
6083:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6066:Hamir Labidah
6064:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6051:Awsajli Kabir
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6041:
6037:
6036:
6034:
6032:
6028:
6022:
6021:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6012:
6008:
6002:
6001:
6000:
5995:
5994:
5992:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5973:
5969:
5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5889:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5880:
5876:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5774:
5773:
5768:
5767:
5765:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5746:
5742:
5728:
5725:
5723:
5720:
5718:
5717:
5713:
5712:
5710:
5708:
5704:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5688:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5648:
5647:
5643:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5634:
5630:
5626:
5621:
5617:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5588:
5587:
5585:
5583:
5579:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5567:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5554:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5532:Kherbet Kiyar
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5503:
5500:
5498:
5495:
5493:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5478:
5474:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5443:
5439:
5435:
5431:
5426:
5422:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5327:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5314:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5277:
5273:
5269:
5264:
5260:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5239:Urum al-Kubra
5236:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5221:
5220:al-Shaykh Ali
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5205:Maarat Atarib
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5162:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5136:
5135:
5133:
5131:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5114:
5110:
5096:
5095:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5082:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5063:
5061:
5057:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5040:
5038:
5036:
5032:
5026:
5025:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5012:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4991:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4982:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4890:Burj Abdullah
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4860:Awlad al-Arab
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4824:
4820:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4790:al-Yaarubiyah
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4725:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4712:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
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4560:Turkman Bareh
4558:
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4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4540:Tal'ar Sharqi
4538:
4536:
4535:Tal'ar Gharbi
4533:
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4348:
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4345:al-Fayruziyah
4343:
4341:
4340:
4336:
4335:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4318:Azaz District
4314:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4281:
4280:
4276:
4275:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4261:
4260:Ziyara Samaan
4258:
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4043:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4030:Yaqed al-Adas
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4015:Shaykh Najjar
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
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3973:
3971:
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3945:Um al-Karamel
3943:
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3928:
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3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3839:Tell al-Daman
3836:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3827:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3815:al-Dhahabiyah
3813:
3811:
3810:Tell Shughayb
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
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3775:al-Muslimiyah
3773:
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3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3720:Ayn al-Kabira
3718:
3716:
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3711:
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3706:
3705:
3701:
3700:
3698:
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3692:
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3594:
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3584:
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3574:
3569:
3568:
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3552:
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3545:. Cambridge:
3544:
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3516:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3490:
3486:
3480:
3477:
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3438:
3437:QuotidianoNet
3434:
3427:
3424:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3398:
3386:
3385:www.rudaw.net
3382:
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2657:
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2639:
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2623:
2619:
2613:
2610:
2598:
2592:
2589:
2577:. 4 June 2012
2576:
2570:
2567:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2511:
2508:
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2274:
2270:
2265:
2264:
2255:
2252:
2239:
2231:
2228:
2223:
2216:
2213:
2209:
2195:
2188:
2185:
2180:
2177:(in German).
2176:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2158:
2153:
2150:
2145:
2142:(in French).
2141:
2137:
2130:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2087:
2084:
2078:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2043:
2040:
2035:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:. Al-Monitor.
2015:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1983:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1912:Deutsche Bank
1909:
1904:
1901:
1888:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1834:
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1765:
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1720:
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1697:
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1691:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1671:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1652:
1651:with Kobani.
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1630:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1591:
1589:
1588:
1587:Zehra Penaber
1584:
1579:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1538:
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1516:
1512:
1508:
1499:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1468:Kobanî Canton
1465:
1460:
1458:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1431:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1400:
1389:
1379:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1279:
1275:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1255:
1248:Siege by ISIL
1247:
1242:
1240:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1218:Prior to the
1216:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1150:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1002:
999:
998:
989:
984:
975:
971:
968:
965:
962:
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
944:
941:
938:
935:
932:
927:
923:
920:
917:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
883:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
839:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
770:
769:precipitation
765:
759:
754:
749:
744:
739:
734:
729:
724:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
695:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
625:
581:
576:
572:
570:
567:
563:
560:Kobanî has a
555:
553:
551:
550:ʿAyn al-ʿArab
547:
541:
536:
532:
524:
520:
515:
513:
508:
503:
499:
495:
484:
475:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
454:
452:
448:
443:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
391:
385:
384:ʿAyn al-ʿArab
379:
370:
366:
361:
355:
346:
341:
336:
330:
316:
307:
305:
295:
287:
283:
273:
269:
266:
264:
256:
254:
251: •
245:
237:
224:
216:
203:
196:
193:
191:
184:
181:
179:
172:
169:
167:
160:
149:
140:
112:Coordinates:
85:
72:
71:siege in 2014
66:
43:
36:
30:
27:City in Syria
19:
7637:Wadi al-Oyun
7477:al-Shaddadah
7362:al-Qaryatayn
7312:al-Mushannaf
7112:al-Jawadiyah
7092:al-Janudiyah
7072:Ibbin Samaan
7017:al-Hamidiyah
6907:Bir al-Helou
6892:Barri Sharqi
6862:Ayn al-Fijah
6788:Sub-district
6703:Ra's al-'Ayn
6633:al-Malikiyah
6353:
6331:al-Samiriyah
6326:Rasm Al-Nafl
6313:
6288:
6268:
6238:
6128:
6101:Khan al-Humr
6093:
6038:
6018:
5997:
5996:
5939:Tell Aghbar
5886:
5809:Ayn al-Bayda
5770:
5769:
5722:Shaykh Ahmad
5714:
5697:Rasm al-Abed
5679:
5662:Umm el-Marra
5644:
5589:
5564:
5484:
5449:
5399:
5374:
5324:
5288:
5287:
5237:
5174:Ibbin Samaan
5172:
5137:
5092:
5067:
5050:Meidan Ekbis
5042:
5022:
4992:
4955:Darmashkanli
4942:
4847:
4800:Az-Zahiriyah
4722:
4682:
4632:
4582:
4452:
4380:al-Malikiyah
4360:Kafr Khasher
4337:
4277:
4235:Rasm al-Eiss
4167:
4122:
4100:al-Sakhriyah
4047:
4020:Shaykh Zayat
3962:
3837:
3702:
3666:
3598:Radio Kobani
3597:
3572:
3541:
3519:. Retrieved
3517:(in Italian)
3514:
3505:
3493:. Retrieved
3491:(in Italian)
3488:
3479:
3467:. Retrieved
3462:
3453:
3441:. Retrieved
3439:(in Italian)
3436:
3426:
3414:. Retrieved
3410:the original
3400:
3388:. Retrieved
3384:
3375:
3363:. Retrieved
3358:
3348:
3334:
3326:the original
3316:
3304:. Retrieved
3294:
3282:. Retrieved
3277:
3268:
3256:. Retrieved
3252:
3242:
3230:. Retrieved
3226:the original
3221:
3211:
3199:. Retrieved
3196:The Atlantic
3195:
3185:
3173:. Retrieved
3159:
3149:24 September
3147:. Retrieved
3143:the original
3129:
3117:. Retrieved
3107:
3095:. Retrieved
3085:
3073:. Retrieved
3069:
3059:
3040:
3031:
3022:
3010:. Retrieved
3005:
2996:
2987:
2978:
2969:
2960:
2951:
2942:
2933:
2923:
2914:
2905:
2896:
2887:
2878:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2845:. July 2015.
2842:
2833:
2821:. Retrieved
2814:
2805:
2793:. Retrieved
2784:
2774:29 September
2772:. Retrieved
2763:
2751:. Retrieved
2747:the original
2737:
2725:. Retrieved
2721:the original
2711:
2699:. Retrieved
2695:the original
2685:
2673:. Retrieved
2669:the original
2659:
2649:24 September
2647:. Retrieved
2638:
2628:30 September
2626:. Retrieved
2622:the original
2612:
2600:. Retrieved
2591:
2581:29 September
2579:. Retrieved
2569:
2559:12 September
2557:. Retrieved
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2527:(1): 51–77.
2524:
2520:
2510:
2502:the original
2492:
2480:. Retrieved
2475:
2466:
2454:. Retrieved
2450:
2440:
2428:. Retrieved
2424:the original
2398:. Retrieved
2394:The Guardian
2393:
2373:the original
2368:
2359:
2347:. Retrieved
2337:
2328:
2319:
2307:. Retrieved
2300:the original
2287:
2262:
2254:
2242:. Retrieved
2230:
2215:
2198:. Retrieved
2187:
2178:
2174:
2168:
2157:
2152:
2143:
2139:
2129:
2115:
2096:
2086:
2077:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2051:
2042:
1990:
1982:
1968:
1956:. Retrieved
1951:
1927:
1919:
1907:
1903:
1891:. Retrieved
1865:. Retrieved
1860:
1836:. Retrieved
1832:The Guardian
1830:
1820:
1808:. Retrieved
1783:
1774:
1764:
1752:. Retrieved
1748:the original
1743:
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1704:. Retrieved
1700:the original
1689:
1634:
1580:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1539:
1534:
1521:, backed by
1504:
1487:Christianity
1484:
1480:
1461:
1453:
1423:
1366:
1357:Widad Akrawi
1354:
1345:
1300:
1284:
1261:
1237:
1223:
1185:
1154:
1118:
1112:
1089:
1053:
771:mm (inches)
568:
559:
549:
518:
516:
493:
479:
472:minorities.
455:
444:
429:
364:
314:
313:
52:Ayn al-Arab
29:
7607:Tell Salhab
7602:Tell Rifaat
7402:al-Ruhaybah
7287:al-Masmiyah
7262:al-Mansurah
7122:Jubb Ramlah
7102:al-Jarniyah
6982:al-Ghariyah
6952:Deir Atiyah
6877:Ayn al-Nasr
6867:Ayn Halaqim
6733:al-Sanamayn
6698:al-Qutayfah
6553:Ayn al-Arab
6495:Rif Dimashq
6455:Deir ez-Zor
6431:Governorate
6181:Tell Akhdar
6106:al-Maamurah
5954:al-Suwaydah
5924:Jubb al-Dam
5854:Qirq Maghar
5789:al-Hajaliah
5326:al-Jalbiyah
5297:al-Farazdaq
5290:Ayn al-Arab
5215:al-Sahharah
5185:Kafr Karmin
4960:Deir Ballut
4950:Burj Haider
4770:Kafr Shoush
4755:al-Judaydah
4745:Hawar Kilis
4610:Shaykh Issa
4584:Tell Rifaat
4545:Tall Battal
4355:Kafr Kalbin
4250:Tell Hidyah
4245:Tell Allush
4000:Kafr Hamrah
3895:Deir Saliba
3755:Kafr Saghir
3533:Works cited
3521:15 February
3515:AnconaToday
3495:15 February
3489:NapoliToday
3469:15 February
3443:15 February
3361:(in German)
3175:31 December
3032:Help Kobane
2538:11 November
2418:IPD Group.
2244:11 December
2181:(3): 80–86.
1991:Independent
1788:Abboud 2018
1626:Clock Tower
1621:Arin Mirkan
1583:Özmel Yasar
1572:Zerocalcare
1519:Syrian Army
1204:Mürşitpınar
1098:to connect
1077:Arslan Tash
1056:World War I
519:Arab Punarı
447:Syrian Army
432:under siege
365:Ayn al-Arab
195:Ayn al-Arab
190:Subdistrict
183:Ayn al-Arab
166:Governorate
134: /
7667:Categories
7652:az-Ziyarah
7612:Tell Tamer
7597:Tell Hamis
7582:al-Tamanah
7562:al-Sukhnah
7482:al-Shajara
7427:al-Sabkhah
7367:al-Qurayya
7327:al-Nasirah
7257:al-Malihah
7177:al-Khafsah
7162:al-Karamah
7142:Kafr Batna
7032:Harbnafsah
6937:Darat Izza
6847:al-Asharah
6832:al-Arishah
6797:Abu Qilqil
6768:al-Thawrah
6763:Tell Abyad
6578:Dayr Hafir
6500:as-Suwayda
6465:al-Hasakah
6361:Tell Hasil
6191:al-Zahirah
6176:Tell Aswad
6166:al-Tadamon
6095:Al-Khafsah
6076:Jubb Hamza
6040:Abu Qilqil
5944:Tell Hajar
5909:Arab Azzah
5864:Yusuf Bayk
5844:Qandariyah
5727:Tell Ayoub
5646:Dayr Hafir
5597:Tell Rahal
5542:Oweishiyeh
5462:Abu Taltal
5457:Abu Jabbar
5200:Kafr Nuran
5180:Kafr Halab
5005:Kafr Safra
4975:Karzahayel
4795:al-Yamamah
4665:Tell Qarah
4615:Tell Jabin
4600:Kafr Naseh
4595:Deir Jamal
4550:Tall Tanah
4525:Qar Kalbin
4405:al-Salameh
4150:Tell Dadin
4049:Darat Izza
3995:Kafr Bssin
3915:Kafr Obeid
3910:Jubb Aleis
3790:Rasm Assan
3760:Khan Tuman
3284:28 October
3258:28 October
3232:16 October
3201:25 October
2988:Yahoo News
2915:Yahoo News
2823:2 November
2816:Relief Web
2753:20 October
2727:20 October
2701:20 October
2675:20 October
2602:20 October
2482:29 October
2456:29 October
2430:29 October
2400:29 October
2349:29 October
2309:3 November
2278:0745324991
1952:Daily News
1867:28 October
1838:2 November
1810:26 January
1754:12 October
1724:15 October
1706:15 October
1672:References
1598:Alan Kurdi
1457:Diyarbakır
1192:Tell Abyad
1113:Arab Punar
535:Arap Pınar
527:عرب پیناری
325:pronounced
230:Population
122:38°21′13″E
119:36°53′28″N
7647:al-Zirbah
7627:Uqayribat
7397:al-Riqama
7342:al-Qadmus
7292:al-Mazraa
7217:al-Kiswah
7167:al-Kasrah
7157:Kafr Zita
7147:Kafr Nabl
7067:al-Huwash
7022:al-Hamraa
6977:Ghandoura
6972:Ghabaghib
6962:al-Dumayr
6897:Beit Jinn
6827:al-Ariqah
6753:Talkalakh
6723:Salamiyah
6713:as-Safira
6708:al-Rastan
6693:al-Qusayr
6618:Jarabulus
6598:al-Haffah
6588:Duraykish
6533:Abu Kamal
6355:Tell Aran
6240:as-Safira
6171:Talhuthan
6061:Dandaniya
5899:Al-Shahid
5894:Al-Kuliya
5888:Ghandoura
5772:Jarabulus
5657:al-Jabbul
5522:Haji Kusa
5190:Kafr Naha
5145:al-Abzamo
4900:Kafr Nabu
4885:Beit Adin
4870:Baselhaya
4785:Shuwayrin
4775:Murayghil
4750:Ihtaimlat
4730:Baraghida
4705:al-Zahraa
4605:Kafr Naya
4475:Bahwartah
4465:Aq Burhan
4410:Shamarikh
4365:Kaljibrin
4200:Bawabiyah
4169:al-Zirbah
4124:al-Hadher
4070:Kafrantin
4065:Bishqatin
4055:Bshantara
3920:al-Mintar
3845:Abu Rweil
3820:al-Wadihi
3416:19 August
3278:France 24
2795:9 October
2146:(5): 617.
1744:BestaNûçe
1635:In 2015,
1545:airstrike
1430:car bombs
1352:and NGOs
1338:control.
1307:kidnapped
1303:massacres
1173:Armenians
1054:Prior to
977:Source:
378:romanized
354:romanized
349:كُوبَانِي
263:Time zone
222:Elevation
7572:Talbiseh
7567:al-Tabni
7557:al-Susah
7547:al-Suwar
7527:Sirghaya
7442:Saidnaya
7417:Sabburah
7372:Qurqania
7317:Muzayrib
7297:Muhambal
7282:Maskanah
7237:Maaloula
7227:Maabatli
7202:Khanaser
7127:Jindires
7097:Jaramana
7087:al-Jalaa
7062:Huraytan
7042:al-Hirak
7007:al-Hajib
6992:al-Hader
6957:al-Dimas
6922:Busayrah
6872:Ayn Issa
6807:Akhtarin
6778:Zabadani
6673:Qamishli
6524:District
6485:Quneitra
6445:Damascus
6315:Khanasir
6290:al-Hajib
6130:Maskanah
6056:Dakhirah
6020:Abu Kahf
5869:Zugharah
5839:Mazaalah
5799:al-Jamel
5692:al-Raa'i
5687:Mazburah
5547:Qabbasin
5517:Haddabat
5512:Deir Qaq
5497:Barlahin
5467:Ameriyeh
5302:al-Haqel
5155:al-Jinah
5024:Maabatli
4994:Jindires
4965:Fafertin
4915:Maryamin
4855:Ain Dara
4805:Zayzafun
4740:Duwaybiq
4690:Bayanoun
4565:Ziadiyah
4555:Tat Hims
4495:Duweidan
4454:Akhtarin
4415:Shamarin
4385:Maraanaz
4225:Kassibeh
4220:Jubb Kas
4205:Humayrah
4075:al-Hoteh
4010:Naqqarin
3880:Batranah
3850:Ameriyeh
3735:Haddadin
3667:Capital:
3340:"Kobane"
3306:16 April
3006:BBC News
2970:BBC News
2879:BBC News
2200:28 April
1893:28 April
1775:ZIMANNAS
1655:See also
1649:twinning
1608:Jan Dost
1535:de facto
1342:Reaction
1196:Jarablus
1075:site of
1073:Assyrian
929:Average
767:Average
470:Armenian
399:), is a
308:SY020600
178:District
7532:Slinfah
7497:Shathah
7492:Sharran
7452:Saraqib
7437:Sahnaya
7407:al-Saan
7302:Muhasan
7272:Markada
7187:Khasham
7137:al-Qabu
7132:al-Jiza
7057:al-Hawl
7027:Harasta
6997:Hadidah
6967:Furqlus
6942:Darkush
6932:al-Dana
6902:Binnish
6882:Babbila
6837:Armanaz
6790:centres
6773:Yabroud
6758:al-Tall
6728:Salkhad
6688:Qudsaya
6678:Qardaha
6668:Palmyra
6663:an-Nabk
6653:Mhardeh
6648:Mayadin
6573:Darayya
6568:Baniyas
6526:centres
6480:Latakia
6433:centres
6366:Zira'ah
6321:Qulayaa
6251:Aqrabah
6186:Tishrin
5934:Nabghah
5904:Al-Qadi
5814:Balaban
5804:Amarnah
5602:al-Waqf
5507:al-Burj
5352:Ramilah
5347:Qinayah
5210:Awayjil
5069:Sharran
5000:Jalamah
4880:Basufan
4660:Talalin
4515:Kadrish
4510:Ka'ibah
4500:Ghaytun
4425:Tatiyah
4420:Sijaraz
4395:Nayarah
4375:Ma'arin
4370:Al-Krum
4240:Talafeh
4215:Jazraya
4140:Jmeimeh
4135:Dalamah
4130:al-Eiss
4085:Injarah
4060:Basrtun
3980:Bashkoy
3964:Haritan
3925:Mreiqes
3795:Saqlaya
3750:Hreibel
3390:11 July
3365:11 July
3222:Reuters
3012:25 June
2897:Reuters
1958:21 June
1926:, 7.5%
1922:, 7.5%
1719:UN OCHA
1330:forced
1287:Kurdish
1135:in the
1125:Baghdad
1100:Baghdad
1081:Kurdish
1048:Source:
985:History
836:(15.3)
762:(47.4)
757:(33.3)
752:(39.4)
747:(48.6)
742:(57.7)
737:(66.0)
732:(66.9)
727:(60.8)
722:(52.2)
717:(43.7)
712:(37.0)
707:(33.4)
702:(30.0)
692:(72.3)
687:(49.8)
682:(61.5)
677:(76.6)
672:(89.1)
667:(97.0)
662:(97.5)
657:(90.5)
652:(80.2)
647:(72.1)
642:(58.3)
637:(49.5)
632:(45.9)
556:Climate
542:
531:Turkish
494:company
466:Turkmen
460:, with
434:by the
423:of the
401:Kurdish
380::
356::
304:Geocode
253:Nahiyah
201:Founded
147:Country
7673:Kobanî
7622:Thiban
7577:Taldou
7522:Sinjar
7487:Shaqqa
7467:Sawran
7462:Sarrin
7457:Sarmin
7447:Salqin
7412:Saasaa
7392:al-Rai
7382:Rankus
7242:Madaya
7232:Maadan
7192:Kirnaz
7172:Kessab
7082:Jayrud
7052:Hisyah
6917:Bulbul
6817:Arbeen
6738:Shahba
6718:Safita
6683:Qatana
6643:Masyaf
6638:Manbij
6613:Jableh
6563:al-Bab
6548:Atarib
6543:Arihah
6505:Tartus
6440:Aleppo
6296:Hawwaz
6196:Zunqul
6136:Mallah
5999:Manbij
5929:Lilawa
5919:Fursan
5849:Qirata
5824:Haymar
5572:Sosyan
5566:Al-Rai
5527:Hezwan
5502:Bizaah
5451:al-Bab
5376:Sarrin
5342:Qibbah
5150:Batibo
5139:Atarib
4970:Jalbul
4944:Bulbul
4920:Oqayba
4905:Kalota
4875:Basuta
4724:Sawran
4700:Ratyan
4655:Sunbul
4645:Herbel
4530:Taanah
4520:Qabtan
4505:Ghurur
4490:Dudyan
4480:Baruza
4470:Arshaf
4435:Yahmul
4400:Naddah
4390:Menagh
4279:Zammar
4195:Barqum
4190:Barnah
4025:Shamer
3985:Hayyan
3970:Anadan
3900:Hmeidi
3870:Ballas
3800:Siefat
3785:Qarras
3740:Hayyan
3704:Aleppo
3670:Aleppo
3606:
3579:
3553:
3547:Polity
3169:Kurier
3119:13 May
3097:12 May
3075:12 May
3070:Beacon
3028:"News"
2275:
1918:, 10%
1914:, 30%
1645:Ancona
1641:Naples
1623:Statue
1472:UNICEF
1268:Rojava
1224:Kobanî
1161:Turkey
1129:Berlin
1108:basalt
1104:Berlin
1085:Shêran
1043:+12.1%
1040:44,821
1032:−26.8%
1029:40,000
1018:54,681
831:(2.8)
826:(1.5)
821:(0.9)
816:(0.1)
801:(0.1)
796:(1.0)
791:(1.5)
786:(2.0)
781:(2.3)
776:(3.1)
583:Month
548:name,
546:Arabic
507:Kobanî
502:German
489:كوباني
483:Kobanî
468:, and
440:Turkey
387:
369:Arabic
360:Kūbānī
345:Arabic
335:Kobanê
320:كوباني
315:Kobanî
293:P-Code
257:78,130
246:40,000
238:44,821
171:Aleppo
156:
97:Kobanî
39:Kobanî
18:Kobanê
7617:Tedef
7587:Tasil
7552:Suran
7537:Suluk
7472:Sebei
7432:Sadad
7357:Qarah
7267:Mare'
7252:Malah
7247:Mahin
7107:Jasim
7077:Ihsim
7012:Hajin
6927:Da'el
6912:Bosra
6887:Banan
6842:Arwad
6822:Arima
6812:Amuda
6608:Izra'
6603:Harem
6583:Douma
6538:Afrin
6490:Raqqa
6475:Idlib
6450:Daraa
6270:Banan
5914:Belis
5819:Dabis
5591:Tadef
5537:Maran
5492:Arran
5486:Arima
5075:Qatma
4925:Qibar
4910:Kimar
4865:Barad
4849:Afrin
4760:Kafra
4695:Mayer
4640:Fafin
4634:Mare'
4590:Ahras
4485:Dabiq
4460:Ablah
4350:Jarez
4255:Zitan
4185:Banes
4180:Arada
4105:Taqad
4090:Irhab
3975:Babis
3905:Hober
3885:Burda
3855:Arjel
3745:Hilan
3725:Azzan
3715:Assan
3710:Abtin
2329:Rudaw
2303:(PDF)
2296:(PDF)
2123:–221.
1930:, 5%
1559:Media
1165:Suruç
1127:with
1102:with
1037:2016
1015:2005
622:Year
458:Kurds
405:Syria
297:C1946
268:UTC+2
159:Syria
7517:Shin
7377:Rajo
7337:Nubl
7332:Nawa
7047:Hish
6558:Azaz
6470:Homs
6460:Hama
5044:Rajo
4895:Inab
4780:Rael
4684:Nubl
4339:Azaz
4175:Abad
3604:IMDb
3577:ISBN
3551:ISBN
3523:2017
3497:2017
3471:2017
3463:Core
3445:2017
3418:2016
3392:2020
3367:2020
3308:2021
3286:2019
3260:2019
3234:2019
3203:2016
3177:2014
3151:2016
3121:2016
3099:2015
3077:2015
3014:2015
2825:2023
2797:2015
2776:2015
2755:2014
2729:2014
2703:2014
2677:2014
2651:2015
2630:2015
2604:2014
2583:2015
2561:2014
2540:2016
2484:2014
2458:2014
2432:2014
2402:2014
2351:2014
2311:2014
2273:ISBN
2246:2014
2202:2014
1960:2015
1895:2014
1869:2019
1840:2023
1812:2015
1756:2015
1726:2015
1708:2015
1643:and
1637:Rome
1474:and
1332:ISIL
1313:and
1305:and
1262:The
1256:and
1230:and
1194:and
1068:Arab
1026:2015
1004:Pop.
1000:Year
933:(%)
891:1.5
888:2.5
811:(0)
806:(0)
740:14.3
735:18.9
730:19.4
725:16.0
720:11.2
700:−1.1
690:22.4
680:16.4
675:24.8
670:31.7
665:36.1
660:36.4
655:32.5
650:26.8
645:22.3
640:14.6
619:Dec
616:Nov
613:Oct
610:Sep
607:Aug
604:Jul
601:Jun
598:May
595:Apr
592:Mar
589:Feb
586:Jan
540:lit.
476:Name
462:Arab
449:and
209:Area
204:1915
46:City
6857:Awj
6593:Fiq
6336:Tat
5337:Mil
4735:Bel
4080:Hur
3990:Fah
3602:at
3051:CNN
2529:doi
2121:178
2097:CNN
1553:YPG
1336:YPG
1328:YPG
1320:PKK
1315:YPJ
1311:YPG
1079:î (
972:52
969:75
966:55
963:47
960:44
957:34
954:34
951:40
948:42
945:56
942:60
939:67
936:75
880:56
877:10
844:11
834:389
760:8.6
755:0.7
750:4.1
745:9.2
715:6.5
710:2.8
705:0.8
685:9.9
635:9.7
630:7.7
571:).
569:Csa
282:DST
272:EET
7669::
3549:.
3513:.
3487:.
3461:.
3435:.
3383:.
3357:.
3276:.
3251:.
3220:.
3194:.
3167:.
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3068:.
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3030:.
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2986:.
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2932:.
2913:.
2895:.
2877:.
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2519:.
2474:.
2449:.
2410:^
2392:.
2381:^
2367:.
2327:.
2271:.
2269:25
2179:21
2144:43
2138:.
2105:^
2095:.
2050:.
2022:^
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1950:.
1939:^
1877:^
1859:.
1848:^
1829:.
1795:^
1773:.
1742:.
1717:.
1679:^
1222:,
1206:.
1083::
1009:±%
924:6
921:2
918:0
915:0
912:0
909:0
906:0
903:0
900:0
897:0
894:0
874:6
871:4
868:2
865:0
862:0
859:2
856:4
853:5
850:5
847:7
829:72
824:37
819:23
794:25
789:39
784:52
779:58
774:78
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533::
529:,
525::
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375:,
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351:,
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343:,
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2248:.
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