81:
64:
250:
105:
529:. After weeks of isolation as a result of Turkey blocking arms and fighters from entering the city, the US-led coalition finally began to target the ISIL assault forces with airstrikes. This move helped the YPG/YPJ to force ISIL to retreat from the city, and much of the surrounding region was retaken by Kurdish forces. After the successful summer 2015
610:
Around the region, but in particular in the city of Kobanî, economic priorities are the continuing war and reconstruction, including help for returning refugees. Most of the city and surrounding villages have been destroyed or badly damaged, and there is a danger of landmines. As of
January 2017, in
512:
against the
Euphrates Region, capturing more than 100 Kurdish villages. As a consequence of the ISIL occupation, up to 200,000 Kurdish refugees fled from the Euphrates Region to Turkey, allowed in only under the condition that they left their vehicles and livestock behind. While committing massacres
629:
Like in the other regions in the
Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria, primary education in public schools is initially instructed according to each student's mother tongue, be it Kurdish or Arabic. Students then begin to learn their second language of Kurdish or Arabic, as well as
611:
spite off the paucity of resources available and the embargoes imposed on the region, the rebuilding process has made considerable progress; over 70% of damaged roads have been restored, two hospitals rebuilt and another two added, and the 15 schools rebuilt now host over 50,000 students.
80:
634:
in both
Kurdish and Arabic by secondary schooling. Curricula are a topic of continuous debate between the regions' Boards of Education and the Syrian central government in Damascus, which partly pays the teachers. With Euphrates Region being home to a
1521:
642:
The federal, regional and local administrations in Rojava put much emphasis on promoting libraries and educational centers, to facilitate learning and social and artistic activities. One cited example is the May 2016 established
1514:
837:
1377:
1435:
749:
1507:
1142:
1837:
1281:
1050:
380:
The current population of
Euphrates Region is unknown due to substantial refugee movements, but that of Kobane Canton alone before 2014 was estimated at 400,000, with an ethnic
1306:
990:
1858:
1080:
823:
753:
1703:
1674:
1586:
1559:
1530:
298:
136:
1381:
423:
was settled by
Kurdish tribes at the beginning of the 17th century. In modern post-independence Syria, the Kurdish population of the region was subject to heavy-handed
1431:
957:
571:
man). According to the constitutional
Charter of the Social Contract, the Kobanî Canton's Legislative Assembly declared autonomy at its 27 January 2014 session.
1113:
1410:
1327:
1171:
533:
of YPG/YPJ forces against ISIL, municipalities there voted to join the autonomous Kobanî Canton administration, creating the region in its contemporary shape.
775:
1623:
1256:
1195:
1134:
1277:
1042:
1863:
1474:
904:
716:
1356:
1564:
723:
451:
1015:
63:
1579:
546:
1302:
982:
1072:
801:
596:
While there is no significant industrial area in the
Euphrates Region, there is a large number of cement production facilities.
874:
745:
68:
391:
The largest locality of the region and the only one with more than 10,000 inhabitants is according to the 2004 Syrian census,
470:
and Arabs, fled on 21 July. ISIL fighters looted and destroyed the property of Kurds, and in some cases, resettled displaced
1230:
1613:
1603:
949:
928:
514:
230:
1868:
1569:
1103:
1618:
518:
1402:
1331:
1163:
1873:
950:"Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic: Twenty-seventh session"
1878:
1803:
1574:
277:
1608:
1591:
828:
779:
238:
1499:
1648:
1638:
1628:
660:
513:
and kidnapping women in the seized villages, ISIL forces were not able to occupy the entire region, as the
1698:
1554:
1252:
1203:
542:
497:
in July 2013. As ISIL consolidated its authority in Raqqa, Kurdish civilians were forcibly displaced from
444:
349:
334:
326:
318:
1743:
1549:
1490:
385:
357:
209:
117:
1813:
1778:
1708:
833:
530:
414:
365:
302:
219:
552:
176:
1738:
1494:
564:
322:
310:
180:
1733:
1728:
727:
1773:
1763:
1466:
1352:
620:
556:
498:
306:
122:
685:
522:
509:
494:
410:
1633:
1470:
1019:
900:
508:
Euphrates Region has seen fighting with the
Islamic State since 2014. In September 2014, ISIL
490:
478:
455:
436:
369:
314:
294:
126:
86:
630:
additional instruction of
English. This is due to Rojava's stated goal of students achieving
1818:
1798:
1783:
580:
440:
428:
384:
majority. Due to intense fighting at least three-quarters of the population fled across the
261:
353:
665:
631:
432:
404:
269:
639:
minority, school education bilingual in Turkish and Arabic has also been made available.
1768:
1753:
636:
381:
249:
27:
One of seven de facto regions of the Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
1852:
1713:
1643:
793:
680:
864:
1723:
675:
589:
The economy of the region is mainly based on agriculture, with the introduction of
1460:
1226:
600:
482:
471:
424:
1403:"Confederalisme democràtic: Noves classes en llengua turcmana al nord de Síria"
983:"Isis onslaught against Kurds in Syria brings 'man-made disaster' into Turkey"
590:
560:
463:
920:
607:, also in the Euphrates Region; a lot is also produced by diesel generators.
17:
1378:"Education in Rojava: Academy and Pluralistic versus University and Monisma"
604:
420:
329:. Euphrates Region unilaterally declared autonomy in January 2014 and since
200:
526:
502:
392:
161:
869:
467:
1104:"Town joins Kurdish-led order in Syria, widening sway at Turkish border"
1788:
1758:
1108:
1016:"ISIL seizes 21 Kurdish villages in northern Syria, close in on Kobane"
1808:
1596:
794:"Kobane Under Intense ISIS Attack, Excluded from UN Humanitarian Aid"
670:
648:
624:
584:
345:
226:
205:
90:
51:
439:
forces withdrew from the area, and on 27 January 2014 an autonomous
1135:"Armenian woman at the head of the Euphrates Region Administration"
1043:"Hundreds Wait for Kobani Fighting to End, Risking Lives at Border"
1303:"Hassakeh: Syriac Language to Be Taught in PYD-controlled Schools"
489:, in abandoned Kurdish homes. A similar pattern was documented in
486:
459:
454:(ISIL) began to forcibly displace Kurdish civilians from towns in
333:
is under direct democratic government in line with the polyethnic
110:
568:
474:
1503:
1278:"After 52-year ban, Syrian Kurds now taught Kurdish in schools"
1432:"Kurds establish university in Rojava amid Syrian instability"
288:
593:
agriculture since the establishment of the Euphrates Region.
419:
The present Kurdish-populated area on the left bank of the
427:
policies by the Damascus government. In the course of the
1073:"YPG official: Airstrikes not enough to protect Kobani"
824:"Syria says giving military support to Kurds in Kobani"
1328:"Kurds introduce own curriculum at schools of Rojava"
776:"Euphrates region within the administrative division"
551:
Kobanî's Legislative Assembly has two co-presidents,
466:
or else be killed, thousands of civilians, including
1687:
1663:
1538:
237:
216:
199:
191:
186:
172:
167:
157:
142:
132:
116:
98:
32:
1531:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
706:, Table 4.1 Cantons of the Rojava Administration.
505:area, in March and September 2014, respectively.
352:subordinate to it) and the Kobani area (with the
299:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
137:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
91:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
52:Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria
1164:"Preparations for "Jotkar" agricultural project"
1018:. AFP/Reuters. 18 September 2014. Archived from
717:"General Census of Population and Housing 2004"
1515:
1380:. Kurdishquestion. 2014-01-12. Archived from
1010:
1008:
921:"SYRIA: The Silenced Kurds; Vol. 8, No. 4(E)"
8:
897:Syria's Kurds: History, Politics and Society
778:. Hawar News. 15 August 2017. Archived from
340:The region has two subordinate cantons, the
1190:
1188:
976:
974:
447:was declared and institutions established.
1859:States and territories established in 2014
1691:
1667:
1542:
1522:
1508:
1500:
1253:"Education in Rojava after the revolution"
859:
857:
855:
29:
1196:"Rojava: The Economic Branches in Detail"
388:in 2014; however, many returned in 2015.
248:
1305:. The Syrian Observer. 3 October 2016.
696:
625:Rojava § Education, media, culture
236:
198:
185:
166:
156:
141:
97:
93:, the Euphrates Region is in light blue
77:
57:
1330:. Ara News. 2015-10-02. Archived from
981:Constanze Letsch (22 September 2014).
703:
253:Map of Rojava cantons in February 2014
840:from the original on October 22, 2014
215:
190:
171:
131:
115:
7:
1491:Map of majority ethnicities in Syria
1233:from the original on 16 January 2017
1083:from the original on 20 October 2014
1053:from the original on 10 October 2017
993:from the original on 2 February 2017
865:"The dangerous rebuilding of Kobani"
599:Some electricity is supplied by the
452:Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
281:
1462:Syria: Hot Spots in Global Politics
1353:"Revolutionary Education in Rojava"
1225:Manisha Ganguly (14 January 2017).
547:List of political parties in Rojava
360:subordinate to it), as well as the
273:
265:
804:from the original on 18 April 2015
25:
1202:. 14 January 2017. Archived from
1041:Ayla Albayrak (17 October 2014).
317:, and the westernmost tip of the
756:from the original on 30 May 2019
103:
79:
62:
1438:from the original on 2018-07-18
1413:from the original on 2016-10-30
1359:from the original on 2020-06-21
1309:from the original on 2016-10-04
1284:from the original on 2016-05-10
1259:from the original on 2016-09-24
1174:from the original on 2016-12-20
1145:from the original on 2020-08-03
1116:from the original on 2016-08-19
960:from the original on 2015-11-09
931:from the original on 2017-03-12
877:from the original on 2015-03-20
1:
1102:Tom Perry (21 October 2015).
1864:2014 establishments in Syria
1227:"Raising Kobanî from Rubble"
724:Central Bureau of Statistics
289:
133:De facto regional government
1434:. Kurdistan24. 2016-07-07.
1355:. New Compass. 2015-02-17.
899:. Routledge. pp. 10–.
743:Also available in English:
537:Politics and administration
458:. After demanding that all
260:, formerly Kobanî Canton, (
192: • Estimate
1895:
1280:. Al-Monitor. 2015-11-06.
618:
578:
540:
521:(YPJ) forces successfully
408:
402:
173: • Co-presidents
146:January 27, 2014
1833:
1804:North Mesopotamian Arabic
1694:
1670:
1614:People's Protection Units
1545:
1459:Abboud, Samer N. (2018).
515:People's Protection Units
501:, and from the immediate
78:
58:
44:
1619:Women's Protection Units
1609:Syrian Democratic Forces
519:Women's Protection Units
510:launched a major assault
36:
1649:Afrin Liberation Forces
1639:Army of Revolutionaries
1629:Syriac Military Council
1493:by Gulf2000 project of
1200:cooperativeeconomy.info
954:UN Human Rights Council
661:Federalization of Syria
523:put up stiff resistance
1699:Flag of Northern Syria
543:Constitution of Rojava
445:Constitution of Rojava
335:Constitution of Rojava
327:Al-Hasakah Governorate
319:Ras al-Ayn Subdistrict
295:three original regions
254:
1624:SDF military councils
1550:Libertarian socialism
645:Rodî û Perwîn Library
585:Rojava § Economy
409:Further information:
252:
218: • Summer (
158:Administrative center
1814:Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
1170:. 11 February 2016.
1141:. 12 February 2020.
1139:anfenglishmobile.com
895:Jordi Tejel (2008).
836:. October 22, 2014.
834:Agence France-Presse
722:(in Arabic). Syrian
531:Tell Abyad offensive
415:Tell Abyad offensive
372:subordinate to it).
350:al-Jalabiya district
303:Ayn al-Arab District
293:) is the central of
1604:Self-Defense Forces
1495:Columbia University
1409:. 25 October 2016.
1255:. ANF. 2016-05-16.
1229:. realmedia.press.
1079:. 14 October 2014.
1047:Wall Street Journal
559:woman refugee from
358:Qenaya Subdistricts
323:Ras al-Ayn District
311:Tell Abyad District
1869:Aleppo Governorate
925:Human Rights Watch
782:on 18 August 2017.
746:"2004 Census Data"
733:on 8 December 2015
621:Education in Syria
477:families from the
450:In July 2013, the
370:Suluk Subdistricts
344:consisting of the
307:Aleppo Governorate
255:
1874:Raqqa Governorate
1846:
1845:
1829:
1828:
1683:
1682:
1659:
1658:
1634:Al-Sanadid Forces
1580:Political parties
1570:Foreign Relations
1476:978-1-509-52241-5
906:978-1-134-09643-5
479:an-Nabek District
456:Raqqa Governorate
437:Syrian government
315:Raqqa Governorate
287:
247:
246:
143:Autonomy declared
16:(Redirected from
1886:
1879:Euphrates Region
1799:Northern Kurdish
1692:
1668:
1543:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1501:
1480:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1443:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1314:
1299:
1293:
1292:
1290:
1289:
1274:
1268:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1192:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1150:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1069:
1063:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1012:
1003:
1002:
1000:
998:
978:
969:
968:
966:
965:
946:
940:
939:
937:
936:
917:
911:
910:
892:
886:
885:
883:
882:
861:
850:
849:
847:
845:
820:
814:
813:
811:
809:
800:. 17 July 2014.
790:
784:
783:
772:
766:
765:
763:
761:
742:
740:
738:
732:
726:. Archived from
721:
713:
707:
701:
581:Economy of Syria
481:(Rif Damascus),
429:Syrian Civil War
386:border to Turkey
362:Tel Abyad canton
292:
286:romanized:
285:
283:
278:Classical Syriac
275:
267:
258:Euphrates Region
223:
153:
151:
109:
107:
106:
83:
66:
34:Euphrates Region
30:
21:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1825:
1679:
1655:
1534:
1528:
1487:
1477:
1458:
1455:
1450:
1441:
1439:
1430:
1429:
1425:
1416:
1414:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1387:
1385:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1337:
1335:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1312:
1310:
1301:
1300:
1296:
1287:
1285:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1262:
1260:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1209:
1207:
1206:on 28 July 2017
1194:
1193:
1186:
1177:
1175:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1148:
1146:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1054:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1025:
1023:
1022:on 13 July 2018
1014:
1013:
1006:
996:
994:
980:
979:
972:
963:
961:
948:
947:
943:
934:
932:
919:
918:
914:
907:
894:
893:
889:
880:
878:
863:
862:
853:
843:
841:
822:
821:
817:
807:
805:
792:
791:
787:
774:
773:
769:
759:
757:
744:
736:
734:
730:
719:
715:
714:
710:
702:
698:
694:
686:Siege of Kobanî
666:Rojava conflict
657:
627:
617:
587:
577:
549:
539:
525:in the city of
433:Rojava conflict
417:
411:Siege of Kobanî
407:
405:Rojava conflict
401:
378:
348:area (with the
290:Ponyotho d'Prat
217:
149:
147:
104:
102:
94:
74:
73:
72:
71:
54:
50:regions of the
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1892:
1890:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1851:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1819:Syrian Turkmen
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1689:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1606:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1594:
1584:
1583:
1582:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1533: articles
1529:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1486:
1485:External links
1483:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1423:
1394:
1369:
1344:
1319:
1294:
1269:
1244:
1217:
1184:
1155:
1126:
1094:
1064:
1033:
1004:
970:
941:
912:
905:
887:
851:
829:The Daily Star
815:
785:
767:
708:
695:
693:
690:
689:
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678:
673:
668:
663:
656:
653:
637:Syrian Turkmen
616:
613:
576:
573:
553:Lemis Abdullah
538:
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400:
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245:
244:
241:
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177:Lemis Abdullah
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1644:Kurdish Front
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
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1607:
1605:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1513:
1511:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1468:
1465:. Cambridge:
1464:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1424:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1398:
1395:
1384:on 2016-05-10
1383:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1358:
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1704:Demographics
1565:Human rights
1555:Constitution
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1779:Circassians
1744:Deir ez-Zor
1453:Works cited
997:17 December
844:October 14,
704:Abboud 2018
601:Tishrin Dam
499:Tel Akhader
483:Deir ez-Zor
425:Arabization
118:Governorate
1853:Categories
1795:Languages
1575:Parliament
1560:Government
1442:2016-07-07
1417:2016-10-29
1388:2016-05-18
1363:2016-05-10
1338:2016-05-18
1313:2016-10-05
1288:2016-05-18
1263:2016-06-10
1237:16 January
1210:16 January
1178:2016-12-07
1168:UKSSD e. V
1149:2020-07-31
1120:2016-10-25
1087:21 October
1077:Al-Monitor
964:2016-10-27
935:2016-12-04
881:2015-03-20
760:15 October
737:15 October
692:References
619:See also:
591:greenhouse
579:See also:
561:Tell Abyad
541:See also:
517:(YPG) and
495:Tal Hassel
464:Tell Abyad
443:under the
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395:(44,821).
364:(with the
282:ܦܢܝܬܐ ܕܦܪܬ
187:Population
168:Government
150:2014-01-27
1774:Armenians
1764:Assyrians
1719:Euphrates
1407:KurdisCat
615:Education
605:Euphrates
421:Euphrates
239:Area code
201:Time zone
1838:Category
1539:Politics
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927:. 1996.
875:Archived
870:Mashable
838:Archived
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754:Archived
655:See also
557:Armenian
491:Tel Arab
468:Turkmens
431:and the
366:Ain Issa
356:and the
331:de facto
48:de facto
1789:Bedouin
1784:Yazidis
1769:Turkmen
1759:Syrians
1750:People
1709:Regions
1688:Culture
1675:Economy
1664:Economy
1592:Asayish
1109:Reuters
750:UN OCHA
603:on the
575:Economy
569:Kurdish
563:), and
399:History
382:Kurdish
321:of the
313:of the
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1467:Polity
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671:Rojava
649:Kobani
527:Kobanî
503:Kobanî
462:leave
393:Kobanî
346:Sarrin
270:Arabic
162:Kobanî
123:Aleppo
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1754:Kurds
1734:Tabqa
1729:Raqqa
1724:Afrin
798:Rudaw
731:(PDF)
720:(PDF)
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354:Şêran
227:UTC+3
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127:Raqqa
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