Knowledge (XXG)

Kokoamu Greensand

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D. T. Ksepka, R. E. Fordyce, T. Ando and C. M. Jones. 2012. New fossil penguins (Aves, Sphenisciformes) from the Oligocene of New Zealand reveal the skeletal plan of stem penguins. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
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C. H. Tsai and R. E. Fordyce. 2016. Archaic baleen whale from the Kokoamu Greensand: earbones distinguish a new late Oligocene mysticete (Cetacea: Mysticeti) from New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New
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R. W. Boessenecker and R. E. Fordyce. 2016. A new eomysticetid from the Oligocene Kokoamu Greensand of New Zealand and a review of the Eomysticetidae (Mammalia, Cetacea). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
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D. MacKinnon, S. S. Beus, and D.L. Lee. 1993. Brachiopod fauna of the Kokoamu Greensand (Oligocene), New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 36:327-347
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Y. Tanaka and R. E. Fordyce. 2016. Awamokoa tokarahi, a new basal dolphin in the Platanistoidea (late Oligocene, New Zealand). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
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R. E. Fordyce. 2002. Oligocene origins of skim-feeding right whales: A small archaic balaenid from New Zealand. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22(3):54A
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B. J. Marples. 1956. Cetotheres (Cetacea) from the Oligocene of New Zealand. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 126(4):565-580
627: 928: 851: 835: 819: 735: 719: 918: 754: 703: 674: 197: 382:. The formation was named by geologist Maxwell Gage in the 1950s. In North Otago it underlies the thicker and harder 908: 243: 204: 938: 398:
The formation was laid down in shallow seas some 26-30 million years ago. It contains abundant microfossils of
347: 650: 913: 278: 383: 301: 142: 152: 787: 122: 619: 447: 132: 541: 489: 461: 379: 795: 773:"Awamokoa tokarahi, a new basal dolphin in the Platanistoidea (late Oligocene, New Zealand)" 371: 446:. Many of the fossils discovered in the formation are held in the Geology Museum of the 791: 605: 236: 897: 510: 472: 72: 29: 599: 503: 399: 367: 305: 799: 855: 839: 823: 758: 739: 723: 707: 678: 517: 375: 351: 47: 595: 555: 431: 427: 411: 387: 92: 57: 258: 245: 219: 206: 576: 569: 562: 415: 407: 363: 359: 185: 175: 97: 41: 583: 548: 443: 403: 87: 82: 67: 62: 52: 33: 479: 439: 419: 102: 77: 496: 355: 772: 423: 282: 435: 410:, those of larger marine invertebrates such as the shells of 386:. The formation gets its green colour from the mineral 651:"The Kokoamu Greensand – Late Oligocene, New Zealand" 296: 288: 274: 235: 196: 191: 181: 171: 166: 158: 148: 138: 128: 118: 23: 434:. Vertebrates found in the formation include 8: 771:Tanaka, Yoshihiro; Fordyce, R. Ewan (2017). 657:. Department of Geology, University of Otago 699: 697: 695: 693: 691: 689: 687: 20: 324: 16:Geological formation found in New Zealand 934:Rock formations of the Canterbury Region 638: 390:which forms slowly on the ocean floor. 750: 748: 7: 644: 642: 780:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 904:Geologic formations of New Zealand 628:Geology of Canterbury, New Zealand 14: 612: 598: 323: 316: 332:Kokoamu Greensand (New Zealand) 1: 800:10.1080/14772019.2016.1202339 237:Approximate paleocoordinates 924:Paleontology in New Zealand 162:up to 7 metres (20 ft) 955: 462:Archaeospheniscus lopdelli 366:rock unit of the eastern 311: 28: 929:Rock formations of Otago 720:J40/f190 - Waihao River 577:Tokarahia lophocephalus 836:J40/f70 - Waihao River 570:Tohoraata waitakiensis 556:Mammalodon hakataramea 919:Sandstone formations 473:Duntroonornis parvus 348:geological formation 123:Geological formation 792:2017JSPal..15..365T 655:Geological Settings 620:Paleontology portal 448:University of Otago 255: /  216: /  30:Stratigraphic range 755:Hakataramea Valley 649:Fordyce, R. Ewan. 527:P. novaezealandiae 518:Platydyptes amiesi 384:Otekaike Limestone 143:Otekaike Limestone 909:Oligocene Oceania 542:Awamokoa tokarahi 380:Canterbury region 378:and the southern 370:, especially the 344:Kokoamu Greensand 340: 339: 24:Kokoamu Greensand 946: 939:Waitaki District 859: 849: 843: 833: 827: 817: 811: 810: 808: 806: 777: 768: 762: 752: 743: 733: 727: 717: 711: 701: 682: 672: 666: 665: 663: 662: 646: 622: 617: 616: 615: 608: 603: 602: 584:Whakakai waipata 563:Matapanui waihao 372:Waitaki District 327: 326: 320: 270: 269: 267: 266: 265: 260: 256: 253: 252: 251: 248: 231: 230: 228: 227: 226: 221: 217: 214: 213: 212: 209: 153:Earthquakes Marl 114: 44: 21: 954: 953: 949: 948: 947: 945: 944: 943: 894: 893: 867: 865:Further reading 862: 852:The Earthquakes 850: 846: 834: 830: 818: 814: 804: 802: 775: 770: 769: 765: 753: 746: 734: 730: 718: 714: 702: 685: 673: 669: 660: 658: 648: 647: 640: 636: 618: 613: 611: 604: 597: 594: 589: 531: 480:Kairuku waitaki 396: 358:-bearing, late 336: 335: 334: 333: 330: 329: 328: 263: 261: 257: 254: 249: 246: 244: 242: 241: 224: 222: 218: 215: 210: 207: 205: 203: 202: 113: 112: 111: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 40:27.3–25.2  39: 38: 36: 17: 12: 11: 5: 952: 950: 942: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 914:Chattian Stage 911: 906: 896: 895: 892: 891: 887: 884: 881: 878: 874: 871: 866: 863: 861: 860: 844: 828: 812: 786:(5): 365–386. 763: 744: 728: 712: 683: 667: 637: 635: 632: 631: 630: 624: 623: 609: 606:Geology portal 593: 590: 588: 587: 580: 573: 566: 559: 552: 545: 537: 536: 535: 530: 529: 514: 507: 500: 497:Korora oliveri 493: 476: 469: 457: 456: 455: 395: 394:Fossil content 392: 338: 337: 331: 322: 321: 315: 314: 313: 312: 309: 308: 298: 294: 293: 290: 286: 285: 276: 272: 271: 259:50.5°S 176.3°W 239: 233: 232: 220:44.7°S 170.5°E 200: 194: 193: 189: 188: 183: 179: 178: 173: 169: 168: 164: 163: 160: 156: 155: 150: 146: 145: 140: 136: 135: 130: 126: 125: 120: 116: 115: 108: 107: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 46: 45: 26: 25: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 951: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 901: 899: 888: 885: 882: 879: 877:32(2):235-254 875: 872: 869: 868: 864: 857: 853: 848: 845: 841: 837: 832: 829: 825: 821: 820:Haughs Quarry 816: 813: 801: 797: 793: 789: 785: 781: 774: 767: 764: 760: 756: 751: 749: 745: 741: 737: 736:Waipati Creek 732: 729: 725: 721: 716: 713: 709: 705: 700: 698: 696: 694: 692: 690: 688: 684: 680: 676: 671: 668: 656: 652: 645: 643: 639: 633: 629: 626: 625: 621: 610: 607: 601: 596: 591: 586: 585: 581: 579: 578: 574: 572: 571: 567: 565: 564: 560: 558: 557: 553: 551: 550: 546: 544: 543: 539: 538: 533: 532: 528: 524: 520: 519: 515: 513: 512: 511:Palaeeudyptes 508: 506: 505: 504:Manu antiquus 501: 499: 498: 494: 492: 491: 486: 482: 481: 477: 475: 474: 470: 468: 464: 463: 459: 458: 453: 452: 451: 449: 445: 441: 437: 433: 429: 425: 422:, as well as 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 393: 391: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 319: 310: 307: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 284: 280: 277: 273: 268: 264:-50.5; -176.3 240: 238: 234: 229: 201: 199: 195: 190: 187: 184: 180: 177: 174: 170: 165: 161: 157: 154: 151: 147: 144: 141: 137: 134: 131: 127: 124: 121: 117: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 43: 35: 31: 27: 22: 19: 847: 831: 815: 803:. Retrieved 783: 779: 766: 731: 715: 670: 659:. Retrieved 654: 582: 575: 568: 561: 554: 547: 540: 526: 522: 516: 509: 502: 495: 490:K. waewaeroa 488: 485:K. grebneffi 484: 478: 471: 466: 460: 400:foraminifera 397: 368:South Island 343: 341: 306:South Island 225:-44.7; 170.5 133:Otiake Group 18: 856:Fossilworks 840:Fossilworks 824:Fossilworks 759:Fossilworks 740:Fossilworks 724:Fossilworks 708:Fossilworks 679:Fossilworks 675:Maerewhenua 523:P. marplesi 432:crustaceans 428:echinoderms 412:brachiopods 376:North Otago 354:. It is a 352:New Zealand 292:New Zealand 262: / 223: / 198:Coordinates 898:Categories 805:18 January 661:2012-02-29 634:References 416:gastropods 408:coccoliths 388:glauconite 279:Canterbury 534:Cetaceans 444:cetaceans 404:ostracods 364:greensand 360:Oligocene 350:found in 186:Limestone 176:Greensand 167:Lithology 159:Thickness 139:Underlies 704:Duntroon 592:See also 549:Horopeta 467:A. lowei 454:Penguins 440:penguins 420:scallops 302:Duntroon 250:176°18′W 211:170°30′E 192:Location 149:Overlies 34:Chattian 890:Zealand 788:Bibcode 300:Around 289:Country 247:50°30′S 208:44°42′S 172:Primary 129:Unit of 109:↓ 430:, and 424:corals 356:fossil 297:Extent 275:Region 776:(PDF) 346:is a 283:Otago 182:Other 858:.org 842:.org 826:.org 807:2023 761:.org 742:.org 726:.org 710:.org 681:.org 442:and 436:fish 418:and 406:and 342:The 119:Type 48:PreꞒ 854:at 838:at 822:at 796:doi 757:at 738:at 722:at 706:at 677:at 374:of 900:: 794:. 784:15 782:. 778:. 747:^ 686:^ 653:. 641:^ 525:, 521:, 487:, 483:, 465:, 450:. 438:, 426:, 414:, 402:, 362:, 304:, 281:, 98:Pg 42:Ma 32:: 809:. 798:: 790:: 664:. 103:N 93:K 88:J 83:T 78:P 73:C 68:D 63:S 58:O 53:Ꞓ 37:~

Index

Stratigraphic range
Chattian
Ma
PreꞒ

O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Geological formation
Otiake Group
Otekaike Limestone
Earthquakes Marl
Greensand
Limestone
Coordinates
44°42′S 170°30′E / 44.7°S 170.5°E / -44.7; 170.5
Approximate paleocoordinates
50°30′S 176°18′W / 50.5°S 176.3°W / -50.5; -176.3
Canterbury
Otago
Duntroon
South Island
Kokoamu Greensand is located in New Zealand

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