113:
141:
1041:
1344:
1422:
423:. The Hardieopteridae is defined as kokomopteroids with lateral pleurae on the metasoma and pretelson, large lunate scales on the posterior carapace margin and a clavate telson. The opisthosoma shows both second and fourth order differentiation into a mesosoma and metasoma in the Hardieopteridae, with appendage V being spiniferous and VI being non-spiniferous as in
355:-type prosomal appendages for unsuitable raking through the bottom sediments of marine environments. As such, the members of the superfamily were likely
411:. The Kokomopteridae is defined as kokomopteroids with undifferentiated opisthosoma with a marginal rim and the appendages II-V being spiniferous as in
391:, united by a median ridge on the carapace between the lateral eyes and a distal thickening to the podomeres of the prosomal appendages. The primitive
1463:
1120:
1110:
632:
1487:
578:
400:
is a sister taxon to all other hibbertopteroids and shares certain characteristics with the
Kokomopteroidea (such as a clavate telson).
1072:
1087:
1497:
1331:
1115:
1057:
1105:
1095:
1049:
140:
1492:
1456:
1067:
1062:
1100:
1077:
308:
with a spiniferous appendage V and a posterior notch on the metastoma. The superfamily forms two distinct clades; the
1502:
733:
625:
1449:
540:
1040:
359:. The Hardieopteridae display some sweep-feeding characteristics similarly to members of the superfamilies
1362:
112:
1394:
276:
commonly known as "sea scorpions". It is one of four superfamilies classified as part of the suborder
1482:
1347:
618:
587:
135:
1399:
936:
869:
861:
392:
388:
367:, including a broadening of the metastoma and the spines of the anterior prosomal appendages.
360:
1276:
990:
982:
972:
964:
944:
915:
831:
780:
595:
232:
1305:
1151:
1008:
949:
905:
808:
485:
408:
368:
325:
252:
574:"The systematics and phylogeny of the Stylonurina (Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Eurypterida)"
591:
1433:
1221:
1179:
1137:
1000:
927:
887:
879:
803:
452:
404:
309:
293:
281:
244:
127:
28:
1476:
1228:
1200:
1193:
1165:
1144:
897:
836:
826:
818:
772:
762:
754:
710:
674:
515:
505:
472:
435:
425:
413:
396:
364:
336:
330:
320:
289:
285:
70:
32:
371:
may even have been benthic bottomdwellers partially living buried in the substrate.
1186:
1018:
954:
910:
785:
462:
419:
351:
314:
122:
1421:
1283:
1260:
1158:
852:
745:
683:
665:
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384:
342:
305:
277:
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208:
182:
45:
1385:
1429:
1249:
1235:
1214:
1207:
1172:
1013:
701:
692:
641:
600:
573:
380:
266:
195:
90:
55:
1326:
1310:
1300:
659:
356:
273:
172:
152:
95:
39:
1379:
1269:
1242:
431:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
100:
75:
653:
162:
1356:
434:, the temporal range of the Hardieopteridae extends further to the
572:
James C. Lamsdell, Simon J. Braddy & O. Erik Tetlie (2010).
1360:
614:
610:
1437:
280:. Kokomopteroids have been recovered from deposits of
249:
241:
1369:
1319:
1293:
1259:
1129:
1086:
1048:
999:
981:
963:
935:
924:
896:
878:
860:
849:
817:
794:
771:
753:
742:
726:
719:
417:, with appendage VI not being spiniferous, as in
1457:
626:
8:
403:Kokomopteroidea contains two families, the
1464:
1450:
1357:
932:
857:
750:
723:
633:
619:
611:
430:The Kokomopteridae is only known from the
111:
20:
599:
532:
349:The Kokomopteroidea retains primitive
567:
565:
563:
561:
7:
1418:
1416:
579:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
383:classified as part of the suborder
14:
387:. They are a sister group to the
16:Extinct superfamily of arthropods
1420:
1343:
1342:
1039:
139:
1332:Timeline of eurypterid research
541:"Fossilworks: Kokomopteroidea"
1:
265:is an extinct superfamily of
1436:. You can help Knowledge by
442:Superfamily Kokomopteroidea
1519:
1488:Silurian first appearances
1415:
1340:
1037:
734:List of eurypterid genera
648:
601:10.1080/14772011003603564
238:
231:
136:Scientific classification
134:
119:
110:
23:
500:Kjellesvig-Waering, 1963
467:Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966
457:Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966
445:Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966
226:Kjellesvig-Waering, 1966
1498:Arthropod superfamilies
379:The Kokomopteroids are
1432:-related article is a
375:Systematics and genera
328:(including the genera
312:(including the genera
269:, an extinct group of
1395:Paleobiology Database
1493:Devonian extinctions
592:2010JSPal...8...49L
304:Kokomopteroids are
862:Onychopterelloidea
120:Reconstruction of
1445:
1444:
1410:
1409:
1363:Taxon identifiers
1354:
1353:
1035:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1026:
983:Adelophthalmoidea
965:Waeringopteroidea
937:Carcinosomatoidea
870:Onychopterellidae
845:
844:
521:
511:
501:
491:
478:
468:
458:
446:
389:Hibbertopteroidea
361:Hibbertopteroidea
260:
259:
227:
38:443.7–376.1
1510:
1503:Eurypterid stubs
1466:
1459:
1452:
1424:
1417:
1403:
1402:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1358:
1346:
1345:
1320:Related articles
1277:Merostomichnites
1043:
991:Adelophthalmidae
973:Waeringopteridae
945:Carcinosomatidae
933:
916:Strobilopteridae
858:
832:Hibbertopteridae
781:Parastylonuridae
751:
724:
635:
628:
621:
612:
606:
605:
603:
569:
556:
555:
553:
551:
537:
519:
509:
499:
489:
476:
466:
456:
444:
251:
243:
225:
220:
207:
194:
144:
143:
115:
105:
42:
27:Temporal range:
21:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1507:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1470:
1413:
1411:
1406:
1398:
1393:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1371:Kokomopteroidea
1365:
1355:
1350:
1336:
1315:
1306:Chasmataspidida
1289:
1255:
1152:Campylocephalus
1125:
1082:
1044:
1023:
1009:Hughmilleriidae
995:
977:
959:
950:Megalograptidae
926:
920:
906:Dolichopteridae
892:
880:Moselopteroidea
874:
851:
841:
827:Drepanopteridae
813:
809:Hardieopteridae
796:Kokomopteroidea
790:
767:
744:
738:
715:
644:
639:
609:
571:
570:
559:
549:
547:
545:fossilworks.org
539:
538:
534:
530:
510:Waterston, 1979
490:Tollerton, 1989
486:Hardieopteridae
477:Waterston, 1979
409:Hardieopteridae
393:hibbertopteroid
377:
326:Hardieopteridae
302:
263:Kokomopteroidea
253:Hardieopteridae
224:
222:Kokomopteroidea
218:
205:
192:
138:
106:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
37:
36:
25:
24:Kokomopteroidea
17:
12:
11:
5:
1516:
1514:
1506:
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1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1475:
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1329:
1323:
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1313:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1295:
1294:Related groups
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1265:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1253:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1222:Onychopterella
1218:
1211:
1204:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1180:Hibbertopterus
1176:
1169:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1138:Adelophthalmus
1133:
1131:
1130:Notable genera
1127:
1126:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1092:
1090:
1084:
1083:
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1046:
1045:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1005:
1003:
1001:Pterygotioidea
997:
996:
994:
993:
987:
985:
979:
978:
976:
975:
969:
967:
961:
960:
958:
957:
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947:
941:
939:
930:
928:Diploperculata
922:
921:
919:
918:
913:
908:
902:
900:
894:
893:
891:
890:
888:Moselopteridae
884:
882:
876:
875:
873:
872:
866:
864:
855:
847:
846:
843:
842:
840:
839:
834:
829:
823:
821:
815:
814:
812:
811:
806:
804:Kokomopteridae
800:
798:
792:
791:
789:
788:
783:
777:
775:
769:
768:
766:
765:
759:
757:
755:Rhenopteroidea
748:
740:
739:
737:
736:
730:
728:
721:
717:
716:
714:
713:
704:
695:
686:
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630:
623:
615:
608:
607:
557:
531:
529:
526:
525:
524:
523:
522:
512:
502:
481:
480:
479:
469:
453:Kokomopteridae
405:Kokomopteridae
376:
373:
369:Hardieopterids
310:Kokomopteridae
301:
298:
294:United Kingdom
282:Early Silurian
258:
257:
256:
255:
247:
245:Kokomopteridae
236:
235:
229:
228:
216:
212:
211:
203:
199:
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186:
185:
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176:
175:
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166:
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156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
132:
131:
117:
116:
108:
107:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
29:Early Silurian
26:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1515:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1455:
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1447:
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1435:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1349:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1312:
1309:
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1304:
1302:
1299:
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1274:
1272:
1271:
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1262:
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1252:
1251:
1247:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1230:
1229:Pentecopterus
1226:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1210:
1209:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1201:Megalograptus
1198:
1196:
1195:
1194:Jaekelopterus
1191:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1166:Drepanopterus
1163:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1147:
1146:
1145:Brachyopterus
1142:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1121:South America
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1111:North America
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1073:Carboniferous
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1050:Geochronology
1047:
1042:
1020:
1017:
1015:
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1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
998:
992:
989:
988:
986:
984:
980:
974:
971:
970:
968:
966:
962:
956:
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
942:
940:
938:
934:
931:
929:
923:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
903:
901:
899:
898:Eurypteroidea
895:
889:
886:
885:
883:
881:
877:
871:
868:
867:
865:
863:
859:
856:
854:
848:
838:
837:Mycteroptidae
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
824:
822:
820:
819:Mycteropoidea
816:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
799:
797:
793:
787:
784:
782:
779:
778:
776:
774:
773:Stylonuroidea
770:
764:
763:Rhenopteridae
761:
760:
758:
756:
752:
749:
747:
741:
735:
732:
731:
729:
725:
722:
718:
712:
711:Sclerophorata
708:
705:
703:
699:
696:
694:
690:
687:
685:
681:
678:
676:
675:Euchelicerata
672:
669:
667:
663:
661:
657:
655:
651:
650:
647:
643:
636:
631:
629:
624:
622:
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613:
602:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
580:
575:
568:
566:
564:
562:
558:
546:
542:
536:
533:
527:
520:Størmer, 1951
518:
517:
516:Tarsopterella
513:
508:
507:
506:Hardieopterus
503:
498:
497:
493:
492:
488:
487:
482:
475:
474:
473:Lamontopterus
470:
465:
464:
460:
459:
455:
454:
449:
448:
447:
443:
439:
437:
436:Late Devonian
433:
429:
427:
426:Hardieopterus
422:
421:
416:
415:
414:Lamontopterus
410:
406:
401:
399:
398:
397:Drepanopterus
394:
390:
386:
382:
374:
372:
370:
366:
365:Stylonuroidea
362:
358:
354:
353:
347:
345:
344:
339:
338:
337:Tarsopterella
333:
332:
331:Hardieopterus
327:
323:
322:
321:Lamontopterus
317:
316:
311:
307:
299:
297:
295:
291:
290:United States
287:
286:Late Devonian
283:
279:
275:
272:
268:
264:
254:
248:
246:
240:
239:
237:
234:
230:
223:
217:
215:Superfamily:
214:
213:
210:
204:
201:
200:
197:
191:
188:
187:
184:
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178:
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109:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
41:
34:
33:Late Devonian
30:
22:
19:
1438:expanding it
1427:
1412:
1370:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1248:
1241:
1234:
1227:
1220:
1213:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1187:Hughmilleria
1185:
1178:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1150:
1143:
1136:
1019:Pterygotidae
955:Mixopteridae
911:Eurypteridae
795:
786:Stylonuridae
706:
697:
688:
679:
670:
586:(1): 49–61.
583:
577:
548:. Retrieved
544:
535:
514:
504:
494:
484:
471:
463:Kokomopterus
461:
451:
441:
440:
424:
420:Kokomopterus
418:
412:
402:
395:
378:
352:Hughmilleria
350:
348:
341:
335:
329:
319:
315:Kokomopterus
313:
306:stylonurines
303:
262:
261:
221:
128:kokomopterid
123:Kokomopterus
121:
18:
1483:Stylonurina
1284:Palmichnium
1261:Ichnogenera
1159:Carcinosoma
853:Eurypterina
746:Stylonurina
684:Prosomapoda
666:Chelicerata
664:Subphylum:
642:Eurypterids
550:17 December
496:Hallipterus
385:Stylonurina
381:eurypterids
343:Hallipterus
300:Description
288:age in the
278:Stylonurina
271:chelicerate
267:eurypterids
209:Stylonurina
196:Eurypterida
183:Chelicerata
179:Subphylum:
1477:Categories
1430:eurypterid
1250:Stylonurus
1236:Pterygotus
1215:Mixopterus
1208:Megarachne
1173:Eurypterus
1058:Ordovician
1014:Slimonidae
925:Infraorder
702:Dekatriata
693:Planaterga
660:Arthropoda
528:References
357:scavengers
324:) and the
274:arthropods
202:Suborder:
173:Arthropoda
1327:Metastoma
1311:Xiphosura
1301:Arachnida
1088:Geography
652:Kingdom:
159:Kingdom:
153:Eukaryota
1386:Q1778958
1380:Wikidata
1348:Category
1270:Arcuites
1243:Slimonia
1068:Devonian
1063:Silurian
850:Suborder
743:Suborder
720:Taxonomy
658:Phylum:
654:Animalia
432:Silurian
292:and the
233:Families
169:Phylum:
163:Animalia
149:Domain:
1116:Oceania
1078:Permian
588:Bibcode
483:Family
450:Family
189:Order:
1400:286980
1106:Europe
1096:Africa
727:Genera
1428:This
707:Clade
698:Clade
689:Clade
680:Clade
671:Clade
1434:stub
1101:Asia
552:2021
407:and
363:and
340:and
318:and
126:, a
46:PreꞒ
596:doi
346:).
284:to
1479::
1397::
1382::
709::
700::
691::
682::
673::
594:.
582:.
576:.
560:^
543:.
438:.
334:,
296:.
130:.
96:Pg
40:Ma
35:,
31:-
1465:e
1458:t
1451:v
1440:.
634:e
627:t
620:v
604:.
598::
590::
584:8
554:.
428:.
250:†
242:†
219:†
206:†
193:†
101:N
91:K
86:J
81:T
76:P
71:C
66:D
61:S
56:O
51:Ꞓ
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