1274:(PT PNK), was established to operate tourist facilities in the hope of eventually making the park financially self-sustaining. PT PNK was partially funded by the TNC and the World Bank. After 5 years operation, in 2010 Putri Naga Komodo's (PNK) permit was compromised. After that, more illegal fishermen arrived as enforcement declined greatly following the exit of TNC which had helped fight destructive fishing practices. In early 2012, dive operators and conservationists found many desolate coral sites, reminiscent of grey moonscapes. Illegal fishermen continue to blast sites with 'bombs' in a process known as
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suggested that an expensive entrance fee be charged to foreign tourists while local villagers who live on Komodo Island are worried about the possible loss of income. The park was closed for almost six months because of the COVID-19 pandemic, but was reopened to local tourists on 6 July 2020, then to domestic tourists in August 2020 and subsequently to foreign tourists. In
December 2022, it was confirmed that the planned controversial increase in entrance fees, which had already been postponed by 5 months, was being canceled by the Indonesian government.
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961:). It is the world's largest lizard and is among the world's largest reptiles; the females can reach a length of 2 to 2.5 m (6.6-8 ft) and a 70 kg weight, the males a length of 3 m (10 ft) and up to 136 kg (300 lb) weight., but the average is respectively of 68 to 73 kg (150 to 161 lb) weight for a 2.29 m (7.5 ft) length and 79 to 91 kg (174 to 201 lb) weight for a 2.59 m (8.5 ft) length.
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1278:. The fisherman use a mixture of fertilizer and kerosene in beer bottles as explosives, or use squeeze bottles to squirt cyanide into the coral in order to stun and capture fish. In the past two years more than 60 illegal fishermen have been arrested. One of the suspects was shot and killed after he tried to evade capture by throwing fish bombs at the rangers.
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1,969 people, there is no fresh water available. Fresh water has to be brought in jerrycans by boat from the mainland. The cost for each family for fresh water is Rp100,000 per month. Almost every village has a local medical facility with staff, and at least a paramedic. The quality of medical care facilities is low.
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the small islands in the
Kecamatan Komodo (Komodo, Rinca, Kerora, Papagaran, Mesa) do not finish elementary school. Less than 10% of those who do graduate from elementary school continue to high school since the major economic opportunity (fishing) does not require further education. Children must be sent to
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announced a plan to close a section of the park (a main section on Komodo Island) for a year in order to make improvements. The suggestion was that other parts of the park, including Rinca and Padar
Islands and certain parts of Komodo Island, would remain open. The governor's plan met with opposition
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The number of visitors to the park increased from 36,000 in 2009 to 45,000 in 2010. Most of the visitors were foreign tourists as the high transport cost to this remote location is less affordable for local visitors. The park can accommodate up to 60,000 visitors a year according to the local tourism
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Komodo
National Park (KNP) was set up as a Technical Implementation Unit of the Directorate-General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation (PHKA), of the Ministry of Forestry. Its management is headed by the Komodo National Park Authority, in West Flores. Also in West Flores - but as a separate
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In July 2019, it was confirmed that Komodo Island would be closed for around one year from the beginning of 2020. Governor
Laiskodat said that a budget of Rp 100 billion (around $ US 7.2 million) would be provided to support the conservation program. The plan is controversial: Governor Laiskodat has
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for the Komodo by maintaining the favored habitat. The results of the two populations here have shown to have almost stable or stable time average population growth rates. Conservation efforts on smaller islands have increased due to having smaller populations, which have increased extinction rates.
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The terrestrial fauna is of rather poor diversity in comparison to the marine fauna. The number of terrestrial animal species found in the park is not high, but the area is important from a conservation perspective as some species are endemic. Many of the mammals are
Asiatic in origin, including the
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The average level of education in the villages of Komodo
National Park is grade four of elementary school. There is an elementary school located in each of the villages but new students are not admitted each year. On average, each village has four classes and four teachers. Most of the children from
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Komodo Island and Rinca were once part of Flores and they are separated from the large Island of
Sumbawa to the West by the Sape Strait. The ocean in the Strait drops hundreds of meters. The Pacific Ocean to the north and the Indian Ocean to the south are actually at different heights – so the flow
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Controversy surrounds the death of several fishermen since the 1980s. The circumstances of the fishermen's deaths are contested. While park patrols (including, at the time, police and navy personnel) claim they acted in self-defense, fishing communities accuse park management of having deliberately
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originates from fishing communities and commercial enterprises from outside the park. However, regulations and restrictions on resource use impact mostly on park residents, who have few options to make a living but rely on what the park has to offer. The provision of alternative livelihoods is part
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Traditional communities in Komodo, Flores and
Sumbawa have been subjected to outside influences and the influence of traditional customs is dwindling. Television, radio, and increased mobility have all played a part in accelerating the rate of change. There has been a steady influx of migrants into
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Most of the villages located in and around the park have few fresh water facilities available, if any, particularly during the dry season. Water quality declines during this time period and many people become ill. Malaria and diarrhea are rampant in the area. On Messah island, with a population of
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Locally, tourism has become a major industry since the late 1980s and the 1990's; but this development brought little benefit to the local communities within the park. Not only this industry is mainly based outside the park in Labuan Bajo; moreover most of the benefits thusly generated are leaked
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Several types of boat tours run through the national park including upscale scuba liveaboards, short daily snorkel trips and 4 day, 3 night 'tourist boats' between Lombok and Flores. The tourist boats run very frequently, but have uncertain safety records. In an August 2014 incident one of these
1894:
Kahn, B. 2001. "Komodo
National Park Cetacean Surveys: April 2001 and 1999–2001 survey synopsis". Presented working paper CMS/SEAMAMSII/24. United Nations Environment Programme – Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (UNEP/CMS) Second International Conference on the
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said that she would summon representatives from the NTT administration for discussions, noting that decisions about conservation areas were under the jurisdiction of the central government. A final decision about the proposed closure was expected to be announced by the central government around
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There are several cultural sites within the park, particularly on Komodo Island. These sites are not well documented, however, and there are many questions concerning the history of human inhabitance on the island. Outside the park, in Warloka village on Flores, there is a Chinese trading post
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origin. The terrain is generally rugged, characterized by rounded hills, with altitudes up to 735 m. The climate is one of the driest of Indonesia with annual rainfall between 800mm and 1000mm. Harsh daily temperatures in the dry season from May to October are around 40 °C.
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of currents from the Pacific to the Indian during tidal exchanges makes the currents among the strongest in the world. In the (relatively) shallow waters along the east coast of Komodo towards Labuan Bajo, these currents can be extremely dangerous with inexperienced guides.
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rights. This concession has generated an ongoing controversy. The joint venture has been accused of making decisions behind closed doors, and many people in and around Komodo claim that they have not been consulted regarding decisions that ultimately affect their lives.
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of the current living Komodo dragon populations across Komodo National Park. Komodo National Park contains five islands that inhabit Komodo dragons populations which hold the most desirable resources for the protected species. Two of the large islands,
1641:(Improving coastal livelihoods through sustainable aquaculture practices: Annex 2). A Report to the Collaborative APEC Grouper Research and Development Network. Bali, Indonesia: Lida Pet-Soede, Ecosafe Consultants. 2003. p. 123-149 (see p. 131)
772:. The majority of fishermen living in the villages in the vicinity of the park are Muslims. Hajis have a strong influence in the dynamics of community development. Fishermen hailing from South Sulawesi (Bajau, Bugis) and Bima are mostly Muslims.
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In 1984 the national park was extended to 219,322 ha in order to include the marine area Mbeliling / Ngorang (31,000 ha), and Wae Wuul / Mburak Recreation Parks (3,000 ha) on mainland Flores. The marine zone covers 60% of the national park area.
1262:, both marine and terrestrial. The plan was supported by the World Bank but faced objections from some local people and local NGOs who argued that they had not been consulted by the plan and would not share in the benefits. Most pressure on
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in 1930. The population increased rapidly, and by 1999, there were 281 families numbering 1,169 people on Komodo Island. Komodo Village has had the highest population within the park, mostly due to migration by people from Sape, Manggarai,
692:, and South Sulawesi. The number of buildings in Komodo Village has increased rapidly from 30 houses in 1958, to 194 houses in 1994, and 270 houses in 2000. Papagaran Village is similar in size, with 258 families totaling 1,078 people.
668:, to make a living. Descendants of the original people of Komodo, the Ata Modo, still live in Komodo, but there are no pure blood people left and their culture and language is slowly being integrated with the recent migrants.
1365:, largely marine-based, is the main strategy to make the park self-financing and generate sufficient revenue through entrance fees and tourism licenses to cover operational and managerial costs. To this end, a
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by the restrictions on access to resources coupled with rising costs of living, a growing population and the lack of sustainable livelihood alternatives, all of which increasing the pressure on resources.
696:, p. 13 At the 2010 Census, Komodo Village had 1,508 inhabitants and Papagaran Village had 1,262 inhabitants. As of 1999, Rinca's population was 835, and Kerora's population was 185 people.
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1004:). Lizards include nine skink species (Scinidae), geckos (Gekkonidae), limbless lizards (Dibamidae), and the monitor lizards such as the Komodo dragon (Varanidae). Frogs include the
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The human population within the park spread out over four settlements (Komodo, Rinca, Kerora, and Papagaran), all of which existed before 1980 when the area was declared a
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656:. Those from South Sulawesi are from the Suku Bajau or Bugis ethnic groups. The Suku Bajau were originally nomadic and moved from location to location in the region of
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tourist boats sank, and 2 tourists were lost. Strong currents and waves separated the stranded passengers and crew who were floating at sea in life jackets.
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focuses on maintaining the environments on Komodo Island like the savannah grasslands and forests. This increases the population of prey species like the
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remnant of some interest. Archeological finds from this site have been looted in the recent past. Most communities in and around the park can speak
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Purwandana, Deni; Ariefiandy, Achmad; Imansyah, M. Jeri; Rudiharto, Heru; Seno, Aganto; Ciofi, Claudio; Fordham, Damien A.; Jessop, Tim S. (2014).
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In 1980 the islands of Komodo, Padar, Rinca and Gili Motong and the surrounding waters were declared a national park, for a total of 75,000 ha.
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1635:"Mariculture as a sustainable livelihood strategy in support of conservation and management – A case study of Komodo National Park, Indonesia"
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Fringing and patch coral reefs are extensive and best developed on the north-east coast of Komodo. The park is rich in marine life, including
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In 2004, the total population living in the park was 3,267 people while 16,816 people lived in the area immediately surrounding the park.
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of the overall management strategy, but communities within the park are yet to benefit from appropriate measures addressing their needs.
289:, and 26 smaller ones, with a total area of 1,733 km (603 km of it land). The national park was founded in 1980 to protect the
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Cloud forests appear only in few areas above 500 metres but they provide habitat to several endemic flora. Coastal vegetation includes
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1358:. Six well-known diving sites are Manta Alley, Crystal Rock and Castle Rock, Batu Bolong, Yellow Wall, the Cauldron and Tatawa Besar.
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Island. Since then conservation goals have expanded to protecting the entire biodiversity of the region, both marine and terrestrial.
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In late February 2014, Brimob Special Police shot dead two deer poachers, when they opened fire with their homemade firearms.
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from the local community and some parts of the wider public. In response, the Indonesian Environment and Forestry Minister,
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As of 2007, 97% of the people living within the park rely on marine resources as their only source of income. They are
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1032:) was once present within the park in coastal areas including mangrove swamps but is now extinct within the area.
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2019:
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517:, 26 smaller islands and the surrounding waters of the Sape Straights. The islands of the national park are of
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315:. The waters surrounding Komodo island contain rich marine biodiversity. Komodo islands is also a part of the
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Twelve terrestrial snake species are found on the island in addition to marine species. Snakes include the
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2495:(from Part II - Conservation with and against people(s)). Cambridge University Press. pp. 187–202.
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1114:) were the most common species. In mixed tropical deciduous habitat, 28 bird species were observed, and
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1087:), and fruit bats. Domestic mammals on within the park include goats, cats and dogs which are feral.
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The rugged terrain of Komodo Island with few trees makes it one of the driest locations in Indonesia.
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A management plan was co-authored with TNC and implemented in 2000 to address problem of increasing
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Partners in conservation? Communities, contestation and conflict in Komodo National Park, Indonesia
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between TNC and a tourism operator were granted a tourism concession, that also entails extensive
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Biodiversity and Human Livelihoods in Protected Areas - Case Studies from the Malay Archipelago
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1245:(TNC, an American environmental organization), is director for the Coastal and Marine Program.
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Komodo Dragons: Biology and Conservation (Zoo and Aquarium Biology and Conservation Series)
1502:(World Heritage Datasheet. Updated March 1991, Nov 2005, Jan 2010, May 2011). December 1981
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1938:. International Environment Library Consortium / San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance Library
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Little is known of the early history of the Komodo islanders. They were subjects of the
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which is present on Rinca and Flores and reported but unconfirmed on Komodo Island.
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The island of Padar and part of Rinca were established as nature reserves in 1938.
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the area. At the moment nearly all villages consist of more than one ethnic group.
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282:
2273:"25 Year Master Plan for Management Komodo National Park, Book 1: Management Plan"
1957:
1895:
Marine Mammals of Southeast Asia. July 22–23, 2002. Demaguette, Philippines. 39pp.
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Trooper Walsh; Murphy, James Jerome; Claudio Ciofi; Colomba De LA Panouse (2002).
1294:, hold two of the largest populations on the island with three smaller ones being
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forest, which generally appear in the sheltered bays of the three larger islands.
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2491:. In Navjot S. Sodhi, Greg Acciaioli, Maribeth Erb and Alan Khee-Jin Tan (ed.).
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1138:) were the most common. Other birds include vibrantly coloured species such as
3726:
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3177:
2705:
2646:
1362:
1311:
1099:
1098:), a ground dwelling bird. In areas of savanna, 27 species were observed. The
1080:
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Komodo Island was declared a nature reserve in 1965, and in January 1977 as a
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entered into a partnership with the Department of Forestry and Conservation (
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2096:"Demographic status of Komodo dragons populations in Komodo National Park"
1932:"Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis) Fact Sheet: Physical Characteristics"
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Komodo dragon stalking deer. Note the tracking device on the dragon's neck
938:. Several of the reptiles and birds are Australian in origin, such as the
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outside the region to large national or international tourism operators.
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2135:"Komodo Dragon Attacks: The Changing of Human and Environment Relations"
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to attend high school, but this is rarely done in fishermen's families.
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3658:
3109:
2444:"Komodo National Park, Labuan Bajo reopen to domestic tourists, expats"
2384:"Komodo National Part to be close for one year for habitat restoration"
907:
891:
645:
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419:), first discovered by the scientific world in 1912 through Lieutenant
2466:"Indonesia cancels decision to hike Komodo National Park entrance fee"
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424:
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184:
2541:(Master thesis in Social science). National University of Singapore.
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2015:"Indonesia: The Nature Conservancy's plans in Komodo National Park"
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vegetation, makes it a good habitat for the endemic Komodo dragon (
3914:
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1342:
1334:
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1255:/PHPA) in 1995, to manage the Komodo National Park for 25 years.
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is the language used for daily communication in most communities.
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Government to go ahead with Komodo National Park closure in 2020'
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In early 2019, the Nusa Tenggara Timor (NTT) provincial governor
1306:. To help increase the population of Komodo dragons in the park,
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have been confirmed to range waters within the park. Endangered
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Conflicts between conservation authorities and local community
1024:. Frogs are typically found at higher, moister altitudes. The
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2282:. Jakarta: Direktorat Perlindungan dan Konservasi. p. 78
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1339:
Kanawa Island, a tourist island in the Komodo National Park.
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Komodo National Park featured on the reverse of the 50,000
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Cosmological Axis of Yogyakarta and its Historic Landmarks
2175:"Controversy over fatal shootings in Komodo National Park"
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The most famous of Komodo National Park's reptiles is the
411:
The park was initially established to conserve the unique
2489:"14. Conservation and conflict in Komodo National Park"
1760:
1758:
1733:
1731:
1694:"Local economic impacts of dragon tourism in Indonesia"
557:
2428:
Rebecca Henscheke; Callistasia Wijaya (25 July 2019).
1564:"Komodo National Park Advisory Body Evaluation (IUCN)"
805:). Their populations are restricted to the islands of
797:
The hot and dry climate of the park, characterized by
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The majority of the people in and around the park are
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Komodo National Park has been selected as one of the
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2487:Borchers, Henning; Gustave, Ruddy (November 2007).
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23:
2077:"Fishermen blast premier dive sites off Indonesia"
1241:unit - is the Directorship of Conservation Areas.
2350:. The Jakarta Post. 24 July 2011. Archived from
2302:Dhume, S. (16 March 2002). "Jurassic Showdown".
1162:). Two eagle species are found in the park, the
501:The park comprises a coastal section of western
1722:
1679:
1663:
1588:
1043:), the main prey of the Komodo dragon, horses (
675:. In 1928 there were only 30 people living in
890:inhabit in adjacent waters from smaller sized
269:in the border region between the provinces of
3082:
2721:
2615:
2366:"Tourists Missing after Indonesia Boat Sinks"
2300:Friends of the Earth Indonesia (WALHI) 2003,
1354:is popular because of the park's high marine
277:. The park includes the three larger islands
8:
2523:: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (
2415:"Komodo Island to be closed in 2020: Agency"
2348:"Komodo Park attendance up by 9,000 in 2010"
1558:
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1552:
1550:
1548:
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562:introducing citations to additional sources
319:, which contains some of the richest marine
2066:Friends of the Earth Indonesia (WALHI) 2004
1985:The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats
1906:"Komodo Dragon « Scuba Diving Reviews"
1849:. The Seven Seas Liveaboard. Archived from
1519:
1517:
751:Socio-cultural and anthropologic conditions
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2706:
2675:Ombilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto
2622:
2608:
2600:
2551:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1807:"Cetacean Surveys in Komodo National Park"
1035:Mammals found within the park include the
20:
4098:Tourist attractions in West Nusa Tenggara
4088:Tourist attractions in East Nusa Tenggara
2652:Cultural Landscape of Bali Province: the
2150:
1814:Indonesia Program Information Sheet CMP 8
1531:. World Heritage Convention. UNESCO. 1992
394:In 1991 the national park was declared a
304:. It is considered one of the world's 25
2246:"Top 6 Komodo's "signatures" dive sites"
1599:
1597:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
552:Relevant discussion may be found on the
3702:Bantimurung – Bulusaraung National Park
3278:Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra
2690:Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra
2009:
2007:
2005:
1500:world-heritage-datasheets.unep-wcmc.org
1451:
1172:
430:It is considered one of the world's 25
2544:
2516:
2054:
1874:"Blue Whales in Komodo National Park!"
1764:
1749:
1737:
1675:
1659:
1253:Perlindungan Hutan dan Pelastrian Alam
697:
693:
2133:Sudibyo, Dian Lintang (28 May 2019).
720:Tourism revenue and local communities
227:
217:
207:
198:
56:Komodo dragon at Komodo National Park
7:
2386:. The Jakarta Post. 21 January 2019.
2042:
1270:A non-profit joint venture company,
1090:One of the main bird species is the
914:still live in Komodo areas as well.
174:Ministry of Environment and Forestry
93:
4073:Protected areas established in 1980
3707:Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park
3639:Bukit Baka Bukit Raya National Park
3386:Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park
3158:Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
2219:Rulistia, Novia D. (26 June 2013).
2202:"Poachers shot dead in Komodo park"
1692:Walpole, M.J.; Goodwin, H. (2000).
1281:Park managers have been conducting
1077:Paradoxurus hermaphroditus lehmanni
683:), and approximately 250 people on
438:designation. It is also one of the
382:Man and Biosphere Reserve Programme
149:1,733 km (669 sq mi)
1182:Komodo dragon feeding on a carcass
423:, the Civil Administrator in Reo,
14:
4048:World Heritage Sites in Indonesia
3737:Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park
3471:Mount Halimun Salak National Park
3451:Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat
2656:System as a Manifestation of the
2631:World Heritage Sites in Indonesia
2417:. The Jakarta Post. 18 July 2019.
1154:), and the critically endangered
74:
4078:1980 establishments in Indonesia
4012:Teluk Cenderawasih National Park
2578:
2566:
1223:
1211:
1199:
1187:
1175:
545:relies largely or entirely on a
534:
421:J. K. H. van Steyn van Hensbroek
73:
66:
50:
4093:Geography of West Nusa Tenggara
4083:Geography of East Nusa Tenggara
4053:Biosphere reserves of Indonesia
2079:. 20 April 2012. Archived from
1609:Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia
1156:lesser sulpher crested cockatoo
944:lesser sulphur crested cockatoo
152:
3940:Taman Werdhi Budaya Art Centre
3722:Kepulauan Togean National Park
2200:Markus Markur (1 March 2014).
817:(100), Gili Dasami (100), and
505:, the three larger islands of
1:
3356:Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu Geopark
2430:"The fight for Dragon Island"
1710:10.1016/S0160-7383(99)00088-2
821:(c. 2,000), while extinct on
404:In 2005 it was designated an
3835:Gunung Rinjani National Park
3742:Taka Bone Rate National Park
3717:Gandang Dewata National Park
3649:Danau Sentarum National Park
3634:Betung Kerihun National Park
3183:Kerinci Seblat National Park
2590:Komodo National Park website
2586:travel guide from Wikivoyage
2501:10.1017/CBO9780511542169.014
2120:10.1016/j.biocon.2014.01.017
1470:, retrieved 29 December 2011
1458:World Heritage Site Database
906:, one of the least known of
4058:National parks of Indonesia
3790:Bali Safari and Marine Park
3411:Jalesveva Jayamahe Monument
2737:National parks of Indonesia
2304:Far Eastern Economic Review
1723:Borchers & Gustave 2007
1680:Borchers & Gustave 2007
1664:Borchers & Gustave 2007
1589:Borchers & Gustave 2007
4114:
3644:Baning Nature Tourist Park
3576:Taman Mini Indonesia Indah
3561:Sukorambi Botanical Garden
2680:Prambanan Temple Compounds
2642:Borobudur Temple Compounds
2221:"Under the seas in Komodo"
1847:"The Deep South of Komodo"
1698:Annals of Tourism Research
1468:New 7 Wonders of the world
436:Conservation International
202:UNESCO World Heritage Site
16:National park in Indonesia
3611:Ujung Kulon National Park
3461:Meru Betiri National Park
3421:Karimunjawa National Park
3128:Baiturrahman Grand Mosque
2695:Ujung Kulon National Park
2637:
2020:World Rainforest Movement
1988:. Guinness Superlatives.
1568:World Heritage Convention
1347:Kanawa Island from above.
1152:Tanygnathus megalorynchos
776:Anthropology and language
459:Centre of Plant Diversity
448:Man and Biosphere Reserve
343:Centre of Plant Diversity
302:Man and Biosphere Reserve
240:
165:45,000 (in 2010)
61:
49:
35:
28:
3732:Lore Lindu National Park
3301:Alas Purwo National Park
3283:Way Kambas National Park
3228:Mentawai Islands Regency
3173:Gunongan Historical Park
2446:. Antara. 25 August 2020
1018:Oreophryne jeffersoniana
2950:Bantimurung-Bulusaraung
2685:Sangiran Early Man Site
2595:Official UNESCO website
2152:10.22146/jh.v31i2.35921
2100:Biological Conservation
1662:, p. 15. Cited in
1166:and the extremely rare
1164:white-bellied sea eagle
1132:lemon-bellied white-eye
1092:orange-footed scrubfowl
986:Trimeresurus albolabris
940:orange-footed scrubfowl
461:and one of the world's
313:New 7 Wonders of Nature
3757:Wakatobi National Park
3669:Sabangau National Park
3366:Dieng Volcanic Complex
2744:Bali and Nusa Tenggara
1818:The Nature Conservancy
1678:, p. 5. Cited in
1605:"Komodo National Park"
1525:"Komodo National Park"
1496:"Komodo National Park"
1434:List of national parks
1348:
1340:
1324:killed the fishermen.
1249:The Nature Conservancy
1243:The Nature Conservancy
982:white-lipped pit viper
573:"Komodo National Park"
498:
488:
478:
370:
3997:Lorentz National Park
3752:Trans Studio Makassar
3712:Bunaken National Park
3321:Baluran National Park
3016:Bukit Barisan Selatan
2955:Bogani Nani Wartabone
2868:Bukit Baka Bukit Raya
2670:Lorentz National Park
2532:Ping, Ho Shu (2006).
2318:"Komodo Dive Centers"
2280:biodiversitylinks.org
1982:Wood, Gerald (1983).
1785:: Smithsonian Books.
1346:
1338:
1260:resource exploitation
1124:green imperial pigeon
1096:Megapodius reinwardti
994:Laticauda laticaudata
990:blue lipped sea krait
494:
484:
476:
469:Geography and climate
432:biodiversity hotspots
364:
345:, one of the world’s
306:biodiversity hotspots
255:Taman Nasional Komodo
130:8.54333°S 119.48944°E
30:Taman Nasional Komodo
4068:Lesser Sunda Islands
4063:ASEAN heritage parks
4043:Komodo National Park
3855:Komodo National Park
3810:Garuda Wisnu Kencana
3767:Lesser Sunda Islands
3684:The Equator monument
3218:Lumbini Natural Park
3168:East Lampung Regency
2812:Mount Gede Pangrango
2802:Bromo Tengger Semeru
2665:Komodo National Park
2584:Komodo National Park
2575:at Wikimedia Commons
2573:Komodo National Park
1419:Tourism in Indonesia
1272:PT Putri Naga Komodo
1112:Spilopelia chinensis
1022:Oreophryne darewskyi
966:Javan spitting cobra
652:, South Flores, and
558:improve this article
267:Lesser Sunda Islands
247:Komodo National Park
99:Lesser Sunda Islands
24:Komodo National Park
4017:Wasur National Park
3664:Kutai National Park
3591:Tirto Samodra Beach
3441:Keraton Kacirebonan
3138:Bandar Lampung City
3118:Aceh Tsunami Museum
3098:Tourist attractions
2980:Rawa Aopa Watumohai
2771:Laiwangi Wanggameti
2472:. 15 December 2022.
2404:, 12 February 2019.
2250:abyssoceanworld.com
2112:2014BCons.171...29P
1876:. Life Is Beautiful
1390:Closure of the park
1361:The development of
1206:Crab-eating macaque
1148:great-billed parrot
1120:Philemon buceroides
1069:Macaca fascicularis
1065:crab-eating macaque
1061:Sus scrofa vittatus
1026:saltwater crocodile
959:Varanus komodoensis
932:crab-eating macaque
869:blue-ringed octopus
803:Varanus komodoensis
417:Varanus komodoensis
399:World Heritage Site
298:World Heritage Site
265:located within the
187:.komodonationalpark
170:Governing body
135:-8.54333; 119.48944
126: /
4007:Raja Ampat Islands
3965:Ujung Water Palace
3629:Beras Basah Island
3396:House of Sampoerna
3326:Banyuwangi Regency
2929:Teluk Cenderawasih
2914:Aketajawe-Lolobata
2776:Manupeu Tanah Daru
2206:thejakartapost.com
2055:PKA & TNC 2000
1936:ielc.libguides.com
1872:Tanzil N. (2010).
1765:PKA & TNC 2000
1750:PKA & TNC 2000
1738:PKA & TNC 2000
1676:PKA & TNC 2000
1660:PKA & TNC 2000
1615:on 12 October 2015
1429:Great Barrier Reef
1349:
1341:
1308:habitat management
1283:demographic status
1116:helmeted friarbird
1030:Crocodylus porosus
1002:Python timoriensis
948:helmeted friarbird
698:PKA & TNC 2000
694:PKA & TNC 2000
679:(known locally as
626:Population history
499:
489:
479:
463:Endemic Bird Areas
444:Marine Eco-regions
371:
347:Endemic Bird Areas
275:West Nusa Tenggara
271:East Nusa Tenggara
4025:
4024:
3556:Sidoarjo mud flow
3436:Keraton Kasepuhan
3248:Pagaruyung Palace
3064:
3063:
2703:
2702:
2571:Media related to
2510:978-0-521-87021-4
2470:en.antaranews.com
2396:Liza Yosephine, '
2372:. 18 August 2014.
2271:PKA; TNC (2000).
2083:on 21 April 2012.
1995:978-0-85112-235-9
1424:Galápagos Islands
1168:Flores hawk-eagle
1160:Cacatua sulphurea
1136:Zosterops chloris
1041:Cervus timorensis
1014:Komodo cross frog
632:Sultanate of Bima
623:
622:
608:
526:Human settlements
380:under the UNESCO
378:biosphere reserve
332:Marine Eco-region
244:
243:
4105:
4038:IUCN Category II
3865:Lake Segara Anak
3586:Thousand Islands
3581:Tangkuban Perahu
3381:Gembira Loka Zoo
3253:Penyengat Island
3091:
3084:
3077:
3068:
2970:Kepulauan Togean
2907:Maluku and Papua
2837:Kepulauan Seribu
2730:
2723:
2716:
2707:
2624:
2617:
2610:
2601:
2582:
2570:
2556:
2550:
2542:
2540:
2528:
2522:
2514:
2474:
2473:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2440:
2434:
2433:
2425:
2419:
2418:
2411:
2405:
2402:The Jakarta Post
2394:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2354:on 5 March 2016.
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2324:. Archived from
2314:
2308:
2307:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2277:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2225:The Jakarta Post
2216:
2210:
2209:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2171:
2165:
2164:
2154:
2139:Jurnal Humaniora
2130:
2124:
2123:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2073:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2031:
2029:
2011:
2000:
1999:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1908:. Archived from
1902:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1869:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1843:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1827:on 24 March 2012
1826:
1820:. Archived from
1811:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1783:Washington, D.C.
1774:
1768:
1762:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1689:
1683:
1673:
1667:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1611:. Archived from
1601:
1592:
1586:
1580:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1560:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1492:
1471:
1465:
1459:
1456:
1439:Valdes Peninsula
1396:Viktor Laiskodat
1264:marine resources
1227:
1215:
1203:
1191:
1179:
1140:green junglefowl
1104:Geopelia striata
1085:Rattus rintjanus
1073:Asian palm civet
640:originally from
618:
615:
609:
607:
566:
538:
530:
191:
188:
186:
141:
140:
138:
137:
136:
131:
127:
124:
123:
122:
119:
77:
76:
70:
54:
21:
4113:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4021:
3974:
3950:Tanjung Ringgit
3805:Dreamland Beach
3761:
3688:
3674:Samboja Lestari
3654:Derawan Islands
3615:
3606:Yogyakarta City
3571:Suramadu Bridge
3506:Patenggang Lake
3446:Keraton Kanoman
3431:Kenjeran Bridge
3416:Jawa Timur Park
3406:Istiqlal Mosque
3391:Heroes Monument
3316:Arjuno-Welirang
3306:Ancol Dreamland
3287:
3143:Barelang Bridge
3104:
3095:
3065:
3060:
3026:Bukit Tigapuluh
2994:
2938:
2902:
2883:Kayan Mentarang
2851:
2780:
2739:
2734:
2704:
2699:
2658:Tri Hita Karana
2633:
2628:
2563:
2543:
2538:
2531:
2515:
2511:
2486:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2449:
2447:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2395:
2391:
2382:
2381:
2377:
2364:
2363:
2359:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2328:on 4 March 2016
2316:
2315:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2275:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2255:
2253:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2213:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2093:
2092:
2088:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2024:. 11 March 2004
2013:
2012:
2003:
1996:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1964:
1958:"Komodo dragon"
1956:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1930:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1913:
1912:on 17 June 2017
1904:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1853:on 17 July 2017
1845:
1844:
1840:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1793:
1776:
1775:
1771:
1763:
1756:
1748:
1744:
1736:
1729:
1714:
1712:
1691:
1690:
1686:
1674:
1670:
1658:
1654:
1644:
1642:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1571:
1562:
1561:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1523:
1522:
1515:
1505:
1503:
1494:
1493:
1474:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1414:
1371:park management
1333:
1321:
1238:
1231:
1230:Komodo on Rinca
1228:
1219:
1216:
1207:
1204:
1195:
1192:
1183:
1180:
1079:), the endemic
1053:Bubalus bubalis
1037:Timor rusa deer
1012:), the endemic
1010:Kaloula baleata
978:Daboia russelii
974:Russell's viper
795:
793:Flora and fauna
778:
762:
753:
744:
731:
709:
635:
628:
619:
613:
610:
567:
565:
551:
539:
528:
471:
408:Heritage Park.
359:
353:Heritage Park.
214:Natural: vii, x
204:
183:
134:
132:
128:
125:
120:
117:
115:
113:
112:
90:
89:
88:
87:
86:
85:
84:
78:
57:
45:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4111:
4109:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4030:
4029:
4023:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3988:
3986:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3905:Nusa Lembongan
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3825:Gili Trawangan
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3785:Bali Bird Park
3782:
3777:
3771:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3698:
3696:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3679:Tanjung Puting
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3297:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3286:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3268:Samosir Island
3265:
3260:
3258:Pugung Raharjo
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3238:Mursala Island
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3208:Lake Singkarak
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3071:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3036:Kerinci Seblat
3033:
3028:
3023:
3021:Bukit Duabelas
3018:
3013:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2987:
2985:Taka Bone Rate
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2965:Gandang Dewata
2962:
2957:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2898:Tanjung Puting
2895:
2890:
2885:
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2863:Betung Kerihun
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1704:(3): 559–576.
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1006:Asian bullfrog
970:Naja sputatrix
904:Omura's whales
861:clown frogfish
857:false pipefish
853:pygmy seahorse
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681:Kampung Komodo
677:Komodo Village
654:South Sulawesi
627:
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556:. Please help
542:
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317:Coral Triangle
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3511:Palabuhanratu
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3351:Cemoro Lawang
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3123:Ampera Bridge
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2827:Mount Merbabu
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2807:Mount Ciremai
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2756:Mount Rinjani
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2370:aljazeera.com
2367:
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2340:
2327:
2323:
2322:Komodo Travel
2319:
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2196:
2193:
2180:
2179:Down To Earth
2176:
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2090:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2072:
2069:
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2060:
2056:
2051:
2048:
2045:, p. 34.
2044:
2039:
2036:
2023:
2021:
2016:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1986:
1978:
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1963:
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1953:
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1933:
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1911:
1907:
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1802:
1799:
1794:
1792:1-58834-073-2
1788:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1770:
1767:, p. 17.
1766:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1752:, p. 16.
1751:
1746:
1743:
1740:, p. 15.
1739:
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1405:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1367:joint venture
1364:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1337:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1309:
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1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1277:
1276:blast fishing
1273:
1268:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1235:
1226:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1202:
1197:
1194:Water buffalo
1190:
1185:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1144:Gallus varius
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1049:water buffalo
1046:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
962:
960:
956:
955:Komodo dragon
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
928:water buffalo
925:
921:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
886:Varieties of
884:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
841:ocean sunfish
838:
833:
831:
826:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
792:
790:
788:
787:Bajo language
784:
775:
773:
771:
767:
759:
757:
750:
748:
741:
739:
737:
728:
726:
719:
718:
717:
714:
706:
704:
701:
700:, p. 13
699:
695:
691:
686:
682:
678:
674:
673:national park
669:
667:
663:
662:Nusa Tenggara
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
633:
625:
617:
606:
603:
599:
596:
592:
589:
585:
582:
578:
575: –
574:
570:
569:Find sources:
563:
559:
555:
549:
548:
547:single source
543:This section
541:
537:
532:
531:
525:
523:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
497:
493:
487:
483:
475:
468:
466:
464:
460:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
413:Komodo dragon
409:
407:
402:
400:
397:
392:
388:
385:
383:
379:
374:
368:
363:
356:
354:
352:
348:
344:
341:
337:
333:
329:
326:It is also a
324:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
296:
292:
291:Komodo dragon
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
259:national park
256:
252:
248:
239:
235:
231:
224:
221:
213:
211:
203:
194:
190:
182:
178:
175:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
148:
144:
139:
111:
107:
104:
100:
97:
83:
69:
60:
53:
48:
43:
42:national park
39:
38:IUCN category
34:
31:
27:
22:
19:
3992:Fort Belgica
3955:Tirta Gangga
3935:Tampaksiring
3870:Lovina Beach
3854:
3566:Surabaya Zoo
3551:Sempu island
3536:Ranu Kumbolo
3481:Mount Semeru
3476:Mount Merapi
3341:Bogor Palace
3193:Lagundri Bay
3163:Bukit Lawang
3031:Mount Leuser
3006:Batang Gadis
2878:Mount Palung
2822:Mount Merapi
2765:
2664:
2657:
2653:
2534:
2492:
2481:Bibliography
2469:
2460:
2448:. Retrieved
2438:
2432:. BBC World.
2423:
2409:
2401:
2392:
2378:
2369:
2360:
2352:the original
2342:
2330:. Retrieved
2326:the original
2321:
2312:
2303:
2296:
2284:. Retrieved
2279:
2266:
2254:. Retrieved
2252:. 5 May 2019
2249:
2240:
2228:. Retrieved
2224:
2214:
2205:
2195:
2183:. Retrieved
2178:
2169:
2142:
2138:
2128:
2103:
2099:
2089:
2081:the original
2071:
2062:
2050:
2038:
2026:. Retrieved
2018:
1984:
1977:
1965:. Retrieved
1961:
1952:
1940:. Retrieved
1935:
1926:
1914:. Retrieved
1910:the original
1900:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1867:
1855:. Retrieved
1851:the original
1841:
1829:. Retrieved
1822:the original
1813:
1801:
1778:
1772:
1745:
1725:, p. 4.
1713:. Retrieved
1701:
1697:
1687:
1682:, p. 4.
1671:
1666:, p. 4.
1655:
1643:. Retrieved
1638:
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1613:the original
1591:, p. 3.
1584:
1572:. Retrieved
1567:
1533:. Retrieved
1528:
1504:. Retrieved
1499:
1463:
1454:
1406:
1401:Siti Nurbaya
1393:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1360:
1356:biodiversity
1352:Scuba diving
1350:
1326:
1322:
1280:
1271:
1269:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1239:
1159:
1151:
1143:
1135:
1128:Ducula aenea
1127:
1119:
1111:
1108:spotted dove
1103:
1095:
1089:
1084:
1076:
1068:
1060:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1029:
1021:
1017:
1009:
1001:
998:Timor python
993:
985:
977:
969:
963:
958:
952:
916:
896:sperm whales
885:
837:whale sharks
834:
827:
802:
796:
779:
763:
754:
745:
732:
723:
710:
702:
685:Rinca Island
680:
670:
629:
611:
601:
594:
587:
580:
568:
544:
500:
496:Padar Island
486:Rinca Island
429:
416:
410:
403:
393:
389:
386:
375:
372:
325:
321:biodiversity
310:
254:
246:
245:
81:
29:
18:
4002:Puncak Jaya
3900:Nusa Penida
3890:Moyo Island
3531:Ragunan Zoo
3501:Pangandaran
3496:Nusa Barong
3466:Mount Bromo
3426:Kawah Putih
3401:Ijen Crater
3371:Ceto Temple
3198:Lampung Bay
2847:Ujung Kulon
2842:Meru Betiri
2832:Karimunjawa
2332:27 February
1916:16 December
1300:Gili Motang
900:blue whales
865:nudibranchs
815:Gili Motang
768:are mostly
736:Labuan Bajo
446:, a UNESCO
442:Global 200
330:Global 200
232:1991 (15th
229:Inscription
154:Established
133: /
121:119°29′22″E
109:Coordinates
4032:Categories
3727:Lake Tempe
3621:Kalimantan
3336:Baturraden
3233:Metro City
3178:Jam Gadang
3056:Way Kambas
3051:Tesso Nilo
2975:Lore Lindu
2856:Kalimantan
2792:Alas Purwo
2751:Bali Barat
2660:Philosophy
2450:7 December
2181:. May 2003
2145:(2): 142.
1880:22 January
1857:22 January
1831:22 January
1574:2 February
1535:13 October
1446:References
1404:mid-2019.
1363:ecotourism
1312:Timor deer
1236:Management
1100:zebra dove
946:, and the
849:eagle rays
845:manta rays
783:Indonesian
770:Christians
713:pauperised
584:newspapers
323:on Earth.
251:Indonesian
3945:Tanah Lot
3875:Mandalika
3850:Kintamani
3830:Goa Gajah
3820:Gili Meno
3800:Cempi Bay
3775:Awang Bay
3541:Ranu Pani
3521:Prambanan
3516:Penataran
3346:Borobudur
3331:Batu City
3213:Lake Toba
3148:Berastagi
3102:Indonesia
3041:Sembilang
2547:cite book
2519:cite book
2161:2302-9269
2106:: 29–35.
2043:Ping 2006
1721:Cited in
1639:enaca.org
1304:Nusa Kode
1081:Rinca rat
1057:wild boar
924:wild boar
920:rusa deer
898:and even
888:cetaceans
877:tunicates
813:(1,300),
809:(1,700),
766:Manggarai
729:Education
650:Manggarai
638:fishermen
614:July 2023
554:talk page
263:Indonesia
219:Reference
118:8°32′36″S
103:Indonesia
82:Komodo NP
3930:Senggigi
3925:Seminyak
3895:Nusa Dua
3845:Kelimutu
3840:Jimbaran
3815:Gili Air
3694:Sulawesi
3601:Trowulan
3546:Sangiran
3188:Krakatoa
2990:Wakatobi
2943:Sulawesi
2924:Manusela
2893:Sabangau
2761:Kelimutu
2306:: 50–52.
1412:See also
1382:agency.
908:rorquals
892:dolphins
830:mangrove
799:savannah
760:Religion
658:Sulawesi
519:volcanic
369:banknote
210:Criteria
162:Visitors
95:Location
3970:Uluwatu
3780:Bedugul
3659:Kakaban
3110:Sumatra
3046:Siberut
2999:Sumatra
2960:Bunaken
2919:Lorentz
2797:Baluran
2286:22 June
2256:22 June
2230:22 June
2185:22 June
2108:Bibcode
2028:3 April
1967:22 June
1942:22 June
1715:22 June
1645:22 June
1619:3 April
1506:22 June
1331:Tourism
1130:), and
996:), and
912:dugongs
873:sponges
707:Economy
646:Sumbawa
598:scholar
357:History
349:and an
257:) is a
234:Session
180:Website
3980:Maluku
3910:Pecatu
3795:Canggu
3747:Toraja
3596:Tretes
3526:Puncak
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3456:Malang
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3273:Sipura
3263:Sabang
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2766:Komodo
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1288:Komodo
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807:Komodo
742:Health
690:Madura
666:Maluku
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507:Komodo
503:Flores
425:Flores
396:UNESCO
367:rupiah
300:and a
295:UNESCO
279:Komodo
3984:Papua
3920:Sanur
3915:Rinca
3311:Anyer
2934:Wasur
2888:Kutai
2654:Subak
2539:(PDF)
2276:(PDF)
2022:(WRM)
1825:(PDF)
1810:(PDF)
1296:Padar
1292:Rinca
1045:Equus
936:civet
881:coral
823:Padar
811:Rinca
605:JSTOR
591:books
515:Rinca
511:Padar
406:ASEAN
351:ASEAN
287:Rinca
283:Padar
3982:and
3960:Ubud
3860:Kuta
3293:Java
3243:Nias
2785:Java
2553:link
2525:link
2505:ISBN
2452:2020
2334:2016
2288:2024
2258:2024
2232:2024
2187:2024
2157:ISSN
2030:2019
1990:ISBN
1969:2024
1944:2024
1918:2019
1882:2015
1859:2015
1833:2015
1787:ISBN
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1647:2024
1621:2019
1576:2010
1537:2022
1508:2024
1290:and
934:and
764:The
664:and
642:Bima
577:news
513:and
456:IUCN
450:, a
434:- a
340:IUCN
334:, a
285:and
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189:.org
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