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In
America, American Go association (AGA) official rules used to specify 5.5 points, however they later suggested also experimenting with values up to 8.5 points in both informal games and tournaments in order to gather data to determine the effects of increasing U.S. komi officially. The American Go
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In Japan, the usual komi was once about 2.5 points. Some time later, it was raised to 4.5 points. In 1955 the Oza became the first tournament to adopt 5.5. The value of 5.5 became standard over some decades. The Nihon Ki-in increased the komi to 6.5 in 2002, citing Black's 51.855％ win rate under the
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was then raised to 6.5. Some events use as high as 7.5 points. Under the
Chinese method of counting, the difference between 5.5 and 6.5 points is of minimal effect. Chinese sources usually in fact quote figures that are halved, such as 2.75 for 5.5, at least for Chinese domestic competitions, as one
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Handicap games are almost universally played with a komi of 0.5 points. The advantage of playing one or more black stones (the number usually calculated as the difference in player's rank) before the white player's first move constitutes the remainder of the handicap, with the 0.5 komi determining
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At first, komi could be as low as 2.5 points or 3 points. It was later increased to 4.5, and then 5.5 points. A komi of 5.5 points was used for a long time, but research found that 5.5 points was insufficient to compensate for White's disadvantage. Statistical analyses of the year's games would
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in
Japanese) and rematches less likely (a drawn game is still possible under Japanese rules since the Japanese rule prohibiting repeated positions applies only to the simplest possibility, called 'ko'). In a club or friendly game this is not a problem, so a value such as 6 points is just as
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are points added to the score of the player with the white stones as compensation for playing second. The value of Black's first-move advantage is generally considered to be between 5 and 7 points by the end of the game.
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typically applies only to games where both players are evenly ranked. In the case of a one-rank difference, the stronger player will typically play with the white stones and players often agree on a simple 0.5-point
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makes little sense, except at the level of the top-ranked players in the world. These are (in most cases) also the opening-theory experts, and evaluate opening strategies in practical play against their peers.
322:("initiative"). Records show that the winning percentage of Black is higher. The importance of playing first was, however, not dealt with by the rules until the 1920s, and then only tentatively.
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is a fixed compensation point system. A fixed number of points, determined by the Go organization or the tournament director, is given to the second player (White) in an even game (without
425:, White as second player had to disrupt the smooth working of Black's classical strategies, described sometimes as aiming for a sure win by 3 points. From the introduction of
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As no one can be absolutely sure of the ideal value for komi, systems without fixed komi are used in some amateur matches and tournaments. This is called auction komi.
511:(Ing rules) komi is specified as 8 points. Due to the different counting method used by the Ing system, this komi is equivalent to 7.5 points under the Japanese rules.
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the players do an "auction" by saying: "I am willing to play black against XXX komi" and the player who wins the auction (offers the highest komi) plays black.
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in most pro events, around 1950, Black's older methods had to be reconsidered, since White suddenly needed appreciably less (in pro terms) in secure area. The
470:(draw) given perfect play by both sides. Since in practice no human or computer can play perfect Go, this value is not known with certainty. However under
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one player chooses the size of the komi, and the other player then chooses to play black or white. This version of auction komi becomes equivalent to the
368:), backing up the intuition of many top players. The use of databases confirmed figures such as 53% victories for Black, not just at the highest level.
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In China, 5.5 points was common, but 7.5 is now standard. A value of 6.5 would seldom give a different result from 5.5 due to
Chinese scoring rules.
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Some argue there is nothing wrong in having a tie. Forbidding a draw may misrepresent one player as superior when there is no difference in skill.
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Advances in
Computer Games: 13th International Conference, ACG 2011, Tilburg, The Netherlands, November 20-22, 2011, Revised Selected Papers
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the perfect Komi can be shown to be an odd integer and statistics from professional and computer play suggest that 7 is the correct value.
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to Go, if choosing the size of the komi is considered to be a move that white player makes before the game would normally start.
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Although 6.5 points is a common komi as of 2007; each country, association, and tournament may set its own specific komi:
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such as 6.5 points. This is convenient and the prevailing usage for knock-out tournaments, since it makes a tied game (
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became an interesting play for White, where previously it appeared experimental, and was developed in particular by
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has led to ever more ambitious or aggressive strategies for Black, the first player. In the days before
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for boards much smaller than the standard 19x19 grid for go, such as 7x7. When introducing
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One player chooses komi, and the other player chooses whether to play black or white.
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in 1924, used a 4.5 point komi among its many rule innovations. The correct value of
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Since very minor mistakes can cost one point, discussion of the 'true' value for
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White is at a disadvantage because Black gets to move first, giving that player
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techniques became normal. The most obvious effect was the replacement of the
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Association changed komi from 5.5 to 7.5 in August 2004, effective 2005.
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379:(the scoring increment typically used in China) is equivalent to two
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to illustrate the practical value of the temperature concept from
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In theory a perfect value of Komi would make each game result in
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Points given to compensate for the disadvantage of playing second
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as a gradual process of innovation, beginning in the 1920s. The
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draw, tied games are not convenient and tiebreakers are used.
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671:] (in Chinese (China)). 人民体育出版社. Chapter 49, p. 250.
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white as winner in games that would otherwise be a draw.
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Nowakowski, Richard; Levy, Silvio (25 November 2002).
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has been re-evaluated over the years, as professional
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Clegg, Roger (1977). "The Value of the First Move".
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Herik, H. Jaap van den; Plaat, Aske (18 July 2012).
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In the following decades a mixture of classical and
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
533:) to make up for first-player (Black) advantage.
458:as the most common way to first occupy a corner.
258:Efforts have been made to determine the value of
393:, a Go historian, has written on the history of
329:) system was introduced into professional Go in
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494:In Korea, it used to be 5.5, but is now 6.5.
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642:. Cambridge University Press. p. 17.
504:The New Zealand rules specify a komi of 7.
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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417:The introduction and then increase of
401:he stated that the value was about 5.
7:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
702:. Courier Corporation. p. 68.
1885:Taiwan Chi Yuan Culture Foundation
544:Examples of auction komi systems:
14:
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696:Fairbairn, John (21 July 2010).
23:
1838:All Japan Student Go Federation
663:Xue Zhicheng 薛至诚, ed. (1988).
525:By far the most common type of
521:Fixed compensation point system
272:made a broad generalisation of
34:needs additional citations for
1915:Games played with Go equipment
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751:(in Japanese). October 2002.
202:) in favour of white, or no
1880:Singapore Weiqi Association
1825:International Go Federation
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225:term. The Chinese term is
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2006:
1592:Long Ode to Watching Weiqi
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294:in most competitions is a
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1803:Chinese Weiqi Association
1785:Australian Go Association
280:combinatorial game theory
251:
245:) and the Korean term is
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129:
1870:Mind Sports Organisation
1808:Hong Kong Go Association
1519:Lee's broken ladder game
1397:Nihon Ki-in Hall of Fame
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664:
615:. Springer. p. 85.
360:sometimes appear in the
153:and Korean rules; under
149:is 6.5 points under the
1858:Korea Baduk Association
1820:French Federation of Go
1780:American Go Association
1735:Monte Carlo tree search
1509:The Game of the Century
639:More Games of No Chance
286:Whole number and halves
1875:New Zealand Go Society
1815:European Go Federation
1790:British Go Association
1550:The Girl Who Played Go
1404:Professional handicaps
474:and in the absence of
1489:AlphaGo vs. Lee Sedol
221:is the more complete
171:is 7.5 points; under
1830:Irish Go Association
1632:The Surrounding Game
1185:Strategy and tactics
669:Story of Japanese Go
303:practical. Within a
43:improve this article
1730:Future of Go Summit
1658:Computer Go UEC Cup
1499:Blood-vomiting game
1479:AlphaGo vs. Fan Hui
749:Nihon Ki-in archive
725:American Go Journal
405:Effects on strategy
239:traditional Chinese
1920:Go and mathematics
1901:Benson's algorithm
1863:Myongji University
1504:Ear-reddening game
1484:AlphaGo vs. Ke Jie
1339:Dunhuang Go Manual
472:area scoring rules
399:Introduction to Go
325:The compensation (
231:simplified Chinese
1977:
1976:
1740:Smart Game Format
1471:Games and matches
1425:Ranks and ratings
709:978-0-486-43356-1
649:978-0-521-80832-3
622:978-3-642-31866-5
223:Japanese language
173:New Zealand rules
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1619:Sensei's Library
1606:The Master of Go
1514:Kamakura jubango
1494:Atomic bomb game
1387:European players
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354:opening strategy
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1332:Classic of Arts
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397:. In his 1977
391:John Fairbairn
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58:"Komi" Go
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366:Kido Yearbook
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356:has evolved.
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290:Conventional
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181:is 7 points.
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99:December 2021
91:
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70:
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63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1930:
1907:
1843:Kansai Ki-in
1798:China Qiyuan
1678:AlphaGo Zero
1638:
1631:
1624:
1612:
1605:
1597:
1591:
1584:
1578:Hikaru no Go
1577:
1570:
1563:
1556:
1549:
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1375:
1338:
1331:
1311:
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1215:
1198:
1173:
1161:
1156:Shoulder hit
1144:
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1030:
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728:
724:
718:
698:
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668:
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638:
631:
611:
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574:
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537:Auction komi
526:
524:
485:
465:
462:Perfect Komi
445:
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398:
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389:
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324:
317:
309:
305:Swiss system
299:
296:half-integer
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246:
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209:
142:
122:
121:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1990:Rules of Go
1848:Nihon Ki-in
1688:Crazy Stone
1461:Tournaments
1413:Competition
1345:Emperor Yao
1075:Monkey jump
1045:Korigatachi
941:Divine move
744:コミ出し変更のお知らせ
346:Nihon Ki-in
338: [
1937:Capture go
1718:Leela Zero
1693:Darkforest
1599:The MANIAC
1216:Shinfuseki
447:shinfuseki
439:Sakata Eio
362:Igo Nenkan
137:game of Go
69:newspapers
1683:AlphaZero
1650:Computers
1365:9 Pin Zhi
1355:Four arts
1270:Mirror Go
1210:Kobayashi
1168:Thickness
883:Clamshell
842:Equipment
820:Handicaps
531:handicaps
491:old rule.
456:4-4 point
452:4-3 point
435:Go Seigen
431:3-3 point
210:Komidashi
175:standard
143:Standard
1984:Category
1969:Category
1925:Variants
1755:Pandanet
1698:Fine Art
1571:Go World
1376:Oshirogo
1280:Proverbs
812:Overview
590:Pie rule
584:See also
566:Pie rule
560:Pie rule
553:pie rule
507:For the
208:at all.
151:Japanese
1745:Servers
1668:AlphaGo
1663:Engines
1625:Shibumi
1536:AlphaGo
1450:Jubango
1382:Players
1360:Hoensha
1323:History
1312:Tsumego
1296:Ponnuki
1222:Shusaku
1205:Chinese
1109:Myoushu
1088:Myoushu
1063:Liberty
1024:Kikashi
946:Double
863:Katsura
454:by the
335:Hisekai
314:History
155:Chinese
135:in the
83:scholar
1854:Korea
1834:Japan
1794:China
1708:KataGo
1703:GNU Go
1305:Tenuki
1260:Ladder
1244:Taisha
1237:Nadare
1230:Jōseki
1199:Fuseki
1162:Tesuji
1131:Sabaki
1120:Pincer
1095:Nakade
1058:Ladder
1052:Kosumi
1003:Kakari
996:Joseki
982:Hayago
968:tenuki
878:Stones
706:
675:
665:日本围棋故事
646:
619:
381:points
241::
233::
227:tiē mù
130:込み, コミ
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1931:Batoo
1894:Other
1760:Tygem
1713:Leela
1613:Ranka
1285:Shape
1255:fight
1151:Shape
1145:Sente
1125:Probe
1102:Nerai
1010:Keima
964:sente
923:Atari
907:Terms
894:Yunzi
888:Slate
856:Goban
850:Bowls
832:Rules
667:[
596:Notes
516:Types
377:stone
342:]
331:Japan
320:sente
90:JSTOR
76:books
1942:Sygo
1908:kifu
1174:Yose
1138:Seki
1115:Peep
1081:Moyo
1069:Miai
1038:Komi
1017:Kiai
989:Jigo
975:Hane
966:and
960:Gote
954:Eyes
948:hane
935:Dame
870:Kaya
826:Komi
731:(3).
704:ISBN
673:ISBN
644:ISBN
617:ISBN
527:komi
476:Seki
468:Jigo
437:and
427:komi
423:komi
419:komi
411:komi
395:komi
372:Komi
350:komi
327:komi
300:jigo
292:komi
275:komi
261:komi
247:deom
216:コミ出し
205:komi
198:jigo
191:komi
184:Komi
178:komi
168:komi
161:and
146:komi
123:Komi
62:news
1723:Zen
1436:Kyū
1430:Dan
916:Aji
575:OR
255:).
163:AGA
159:Ing
45:by
1986::
1253:Ko
1031:Ko
962:,
803:Go
747:.
729:12
727:.
441:.
383:.
340:ja
282:.
268:,
243:貼目
237:;
235:贴目
157:,
1910:)
794:e
787:t
780:v
712:.
686:.
681:.
652:.
625:.
364:(
252:덤
249:(
229:(
219:)
213:(
133:)
127:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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