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946:. "Even the tiny and illegal Polish Communist Party announced support for what they termed Piłsudski's 'revolutionary armies'." The railway workers were vital, because during the fighting they blocked troop trains trying to deliver reinforcements for the government. On 14 May, the government leaders decided to stop resisting the coup and resigned.
915:
978:. However, the removal of the Warski group from leadership resulted in the party plunged into isolation as it embarked on the "Third Period". Endorsed by the KPP's Fifth Congress in 1930, the Third Period saw the party routinely describing the PPS as fascist and revolution was claimed to be imminent. As the country was hit severely by the
1144:
The KPP was guided by
Marxist ideology under a strictly orthodox interpretation. It opposed the establishment of a politically independent Poland. Its activists functioned as party members and government officials in Soviet Russia. The KPP was against land reform (distribution of property to landless
884:
in March 1925 with the slogan "Bolshevisation of the party". This meant that the basic party unit was to be a workplace cell and an all-powerful party apparatus was constructed to decide policy. All factional tendencies were banned. Significantly, the party's name was contracted to "Communist Party
761:
The period of 1921–1926 saw relative political freedom in Poland and the KPRP took advantage of the opportunities. Gains in membership were initially made from the ranks of the reformist workers' organisations and in the late 1920s from a left-wing faction of the PPS, led by
Stanislaw Lancucki and
552:
of 1926 (the party's "May error"). From 1933, the KPP was increasingly treated with suspicion by the
Comintern. The party structures were seen as compromised due to infiltration by agents of the Polish military intelligence. Some of the party leaders, falsely accused of being such agents, were
616:
fled or were brought to the Soviet Union and were shot there, along with many other activists (almost all prominent Polish communists were murdered or sent to labor camps). The
Comintern, in reality directed by Stalin, in 1938 had the party dissolved and liquidated.
873:. The main prosecutor in the case against the Polish leadership was Julian Leszczyński, but the Polish Commission was chaired by Stalin. Leszczyński was appointed, without reference to a party congress, to the new party central committee. His task was to "
956:
The debate over the "May error" was getting increasingly venomous before and during the party's Fourth
Congress in September 1927 in Moscow. In the aftermath, two representatives of the Comintern were placed on the Polish party's Central Committee: the
704:
of 1919–21. During the fighting, the KPRP's legal status was legislatively taken away; the communist party would remain an underground organization in Poland until its demise. Due to the support for the government provided by pro-independence
1091:
Poland and liquidated. Next almost the entire leading cadre of the party became embroiled in the purges and murdered. Many were summoned to Moscow for "consultations". Among those killed were: Albert
Bronkowski, Władysław Stein-Krajewski,
125:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
1145:
peasants). It aimed to organize the working class and to unify the trade union movement. It adhered to policies established by the
Comintern in Moscow. Its status was illegal, as it refused to register as a political party.
953:, which it called fascist. The KPP leaders directly aided the coup, for which they would pay a steep price. After the events Stalin sharply denounced the KPP leadership and they were eventually ousted for their "May error".
827:. The party founded the Red Factions within the unions. An electoral list called the "Union of Town and Country Proletariat" was constructed and the party managed to win 130,000 votes and two parliamentary seats in the
1047:
897:
contrary to those of the
Comintern. It was removed from office by yet another Polish Commission. Warski returned to the leadership and the party again pursued attempts to build a united front with the PPS.
942:(PPS), retained in many circles a reputation as a friend of the Left and the Polish communists were among those confused by his present actions. When railway workers went on strike, the PPS declared a
135:
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111:
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Poland's democratically elected coalition government was conflicted and in 1926 faced serious trouble of economic and other nature. On 12 May, the still-popular, semi-retired
General
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475:
357:
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The party's Second
Congress gathered in Moscow in August 1923. The leadership overhauled the party program, particularly with regard to the land and national questions, where more
800:(KPZB); substantial growth in membership was experienced there at this time. In the area of operation of KPP proper (western and central Poland numerically dominated by ethnic
569:-held prosecutions, aimed at eradicating the various "deviations" and ending usually in death sentences, took place in 1937–38, with the last executions carried out in 1940.
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policies were adopted. Autonomous sections of the party were recognised as needed in Poland's eastern regions, which were heavily inhabited by ethnically non-Polish groups (
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Despite the internal factional struggles, the party grew during this period, attracting support from the minorities and among the working class. It participated in the
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of Poland" (KPP). Despite being endorsed by the leadership of the Comintern, Leszczyński's leadership group was independently minded enough to adopt positions on
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The Polish party was independently minded, and in the Polish Commission convened at the Comintern's Fifth Congress (1924), made efforts to defend both
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support. The KPRP remained a small minority of the leftist movement, in part because of Luxemburg's position that Poland should remain a province of
145:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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28:
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Duraczyński, Eugeniusz (2012). Stalin. Twórca i dyktator supermocarstwa , pp. 172–175 Warsaw: Akademia Humanistyczna im. Aleksandra Gieysztora.
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in Poland and was then subjected to further persecutions by the Comintern, which also arbitrarily accused the Polish communists of harboring
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1464:(2012). The Eagle Unbowed: Poland and the Poles in the Second World War, p. 368. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
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Decision of Presidium of Executive Committee of Comintern (IKKI) from 16.08.1938 dissolving Communist Party of Poland. Signatures:
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245:
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of the "majority" faction, more moderate and dominant in the party until at least 1924. The "minority" faction was later led by
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for unity, which both rebuffed. The communists tried to infiltrate organisations alien to the workers' movement, such as the
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59:
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Polish Knowledge (XXG) article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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In the mid and late 1930s, the KPP became a victim of paranoia and suspicion that engulfed the communist movement led by
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2432:
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Brzoza, Czesław (2003). Polska w czasach niepodległości i II wojny światowej (1918–1945) , pp. 237–238. Kraków: Fogra.
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The Communist Party of Poland (until 1925 the Communist Workers' Party of Poland) was an organization of the radical
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2749:
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1994:
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among other "deviations"; on August 16, 1938 dissolved by the Comintern. Most of the KPP activists perished in the
870:
581:
212:
3117:
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2600:
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Brzoza, Czesław; Sowa, Andrzej Leon (2009). Historia Polski 1918–1945 , p. 288. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie.
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93:
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regime, which turned out to likely save the lives of a number of future Polish communist leaders, including
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Wereszycki, Henryk (1990). Historia polityczna Polski 1864–1918 . Pages 242–243, 275. Wrocław: Ossolineum.
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27:
This article is about the party that existed from 1918 to 1938. For other Polish communist parties, see
1610:
Brzoza, Czesław (2003). Polska w czasach niepodległości i II wojny światowej (1918–1945) , pp. 357–359.
1536:(1979), pp. 187-190 (the Polish state), 202-209 (the Polish economy), 217-232 (the coup), quote at 229.
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259:
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During Piłsudski's May coup, the KPP engaged in street battles with troops loyal to the government of
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1039:, was led by the KPP but counted among its members many PPS workers and other non-KPP volunteers.
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position on the land question as understood by the Polish Marxists was abandoned, in favour of
501:, the party's aim was to create a Polish Socialist Republic, to be included in the planned Pan-
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1962:
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1337:
Agnieszka Mrozik, "Crossing Boundaries: The Case of Wanda Wasilewska and Polish Communism",
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when a faction led by Aleksander Minc joined and from two smaller Jewish socialist groups:
17:
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2590:
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2075:
2044:
1922:
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1742:
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971:; the KPP was no longer in a position to exercise any independence of thought and action.
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514:
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1947:
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Poland between Eadt & West. Soviet & German diplomacy toward Poland 1919–1933
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1443:
Brzoza, Czesław; Sowa, Andrzej Leon (2009). Historia Polski 1918–1945 , pp. 350-354.
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and purges. A number of KPP members were accused of being agents of institutions of
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The KPRP Second Congress resolution regarding the nationality issue in Poland (1923)
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strategy was pursued by the KPP in the mid-1930s. The KPP pressed both the PPS and
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Jaff Schatz, "Jews and the Communist movement in interwar Poland", pp. 13–37, in
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in December 1941. With Stalin's permission, in January 1942 they established the
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Arriving from the Soviet Union, a group of Polish communists was parachuted into
505:
Commonwealth of Socialist States. The party did not support the formation of the
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2014:
1955:
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White Spots Black Spots. Difficult matters in Polish-Russian relations 1918–2008
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935:
612:). During the Great Purge, seventy members and candidate members of the party's
201:
1642:
Enemies within the Gates? The Comintern and the Stalinist repression, 1934–1939
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Brzoza, Czesław; Sowa, Andrzej Leon (2009). Historia Polski 1918–1945 , p. 578.
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737:. Its establishment brought no political gains for the party. The traditional
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of the PPS, efforts by the KPRP to agitate for workers' solidarity with the
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rather than regain independence. In March 1919, through its representative
1916:
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890:
835:
710:
573:
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1747:
Poland between two wars. A critical study of social and economic change
1665:
The Conscience of the Revolution. Communist opposition in Soviet Russia
886:
738:
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were forestalled. However, at the height of the Red Army offensive the
164:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1826:
894:
675:
566:
502:
467:
1716:
The Communist Party of Poland 1919·29: A study in political ideology
1637:(1936; Estratto Annali Dell'istituto Giangiacomo Feltrinelli 1972).
1132:, but among those who survived were some of the future leaders of
958:
881:
789:
752:
629:
1124:, and Witold Wandurski. The leaderless party was then accused of
1839:
1016:
groups. Unity of the Left remained an impossible goal, however.
805:
768:
524:
The views adhered to and promulgated by the leaders of the KPP (
122:
1794:
766:. They joined the KPRP, giving the party representation in the
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KPP members were persecuted and often imprisoned by the Polish
415:
195:
74:
33:
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from the Soviet Union to Poland for conspiratorial work were
540:) led to the party's difficult relationship with Stalin. The
1692:
Reappraisals. Reflections on the forgotten twentieth century
655:. It followed the program of the former. Unification of the
482:(PPS – Left) into the Communist Workers' Party of Poland (
1496:
Siedmiu wspaniałych. Poczet pierwszych sekretarzy KC PZPR
2782:
Polish Socialist Party – Freedom, Equality, Independence
1498:, p. 42. Wydawnictwo Czerwone i Czarne, Warszawa 2014,
1371:
1369:
1367:
643:
The KPRP was founded on 16 December 1918. It joined the
134:
to this template: there are already 278 articles in the
3252:
italic font – electoral alliances and/or popular fronts
2804:
Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania
982:, the KPP became embroiled in a new internal struggle.
557:. In 1935 and 1936, the KPP undertook a formation of a
476:
Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania
1822:
Political parties and political associations in Poland
1785:(Oxford University 2004), edited by Jonathan Frankel.
1675:
The Communist Party of Poland. An outline of history
772:(Polish legislature). Gains were also made from the
118:
2870:
2816:
2613:
2579:
2572:
2292:
2164:
2024:
1835:
792:, the KPRP and then KPP operated as the autonomous
411:
401:
389:
373:
363:
349:
341:
333:
321:
226:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
114:
a machine-translated version of the Polish article.
686:(Comintern or the Third International) in Moscow.
2454:Organisation of the Polish Nation – Polish League
1635:The Communist Party of Poland & the May Error
544:(Comintern) condemned the KPP for its support of
474:. It resulted from a December 1918 merger of the
2936:Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic
2792:Polish Socialist Party of the Prussian Partition
2373:Christian Democracy of the Third Polish Republic
1333:
1331:
1737:The Communists of Poland. An historical outline
1560:The Communist Party of Poland and the May Error
2797:Polish Socialist Party – Revolutionary Faction
1783:Dark Times, Dire Decisions. Jews and Communism
1764:(Cambridge University 1980), edited by Leslie.
160:accompanying your translation by providing an
105:Click for important translation instructions.
92:expand this article with text translated from
1806:
850:(Comintern), the Polish leaders aligned with
717:was formed on 2 August 1920. It consisted of
600:(among former KPP members transferred during
172:{{Translated|pl|Komunistyczna Partia Polski}}
8:
1723:Bitter Glory. Poland and its fate. 1918–1939
811:In 1922, the leadership consolidated around
682:, the KPRP took part in the founding of the
2408:Jurassic-Silesian Association European Home
565:elements in their ranks. The apogee of the
68:Learn how and when to remove these messages
3271:****: not currently registered as a party
3076:Movement for the Republic – Patriotic Camp
2867:
2813:
2610:
2576:
1813:
1799:
1791:
1296:List of Polish Communist Party politicians
715:Provisional Polish Revolutionary Committee
318:
2919:Centre Agreement – Integrative Initiative
2908:Catholic Electoral Committee "Fatherland"
2532:Social Movement of the Republic of Poland
2428:National Party of Retirees and Pensioners
2383:Edward Gierek's Economic Revival Movement
934:. Pilsudski, who in his youth and before
659:was a prime objective behind the merger.
304:Learn how and when to remove this message
286:Learn how and when to remove this message
2951:Citizens' Movement for Democratic Action
1711:(Harmondsworth: A Penguin Special 1939).
1168:
1116:, Jerzy Heryng, Józef Feliks Ciszewski,
1046:
989:
913:
3143:Polish Confederation – Dignity and Work
3096:Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms
2979:Democratic Left Alliance – Labour Union
2842:Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth
2767:Polish People's Party "Nowe Wyzwolenie"
1677:(Harvard University 1959, 2d ed. 1976).
1327:
880:The party's Third Congress gathered at
666:, which competed with the more popular
662:The members of the new party organized
490:were a small force in Polish politics.
2499:Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland
484:Komunistyczna Partia Robotnicza Polski
139:
3066:Movement for Reconstruction of Poland
2894:Agreement for the Future – CenterLeft
2643:Communist Party of Western Belorussia
2388:Farmers from the Baltic to the Tatras
1739:(Hoover Institute 1978, 2d ed. 1987).
1019:Many militants of the KPP joined the
829:legislative election of November 1922
798:Communist Party of Western Belorussia
782:United Jewish Socialist Workers Party
7:
1725:(New York: Simon and Schuster 1979).
1667:(New York: Simon and Schuster 1960).
1625:Rewolucja. Russian Poland, 1904–1907
1379:, pp. 160–164. Published in 1970 by
774:General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland
224:adding citations to reliable sources
3044:League of the Right of the Republic
2963:Confederation of Independent Poland
2829:Confederation of Independent Poland
1749:(London: Secker and Warburg 1944).
2772:Polish People's Party "Wyzwolenie"
2638:Communist Party of Western Ukraine
1730:Soviet-Polish Relations, 1917–1921
808:, according to the party sources.
794:Communist Party of Western Ukraine
25:
3188:Self-Defence of the Polish Nation
3009:Feminist Initiative/Women's Party
2824:Communist Party of Poland (Mijal)
2740:Polish Christian Democratic Party
2674:Christian Union of National Unity
2479:Polish Party of Animal Protection
2243:Confederation of the Polish Crown
2007:Confederation of the Polish Crown
1311:Communist Party of Poland (Mijal)
1075:. Full original text of document.
49:This article has multiple issues.
1825:
1778:(University of Pittsburgh 2015).
1762:The History of Poland since 1863
1573:The Great Terror. A reassessment
1274:
1273:
1246:
1245:
1218:
1217:
976:1928 Polish legislative election
559:unified worker and peasant front
200:
79:
38:
3168:Polish Labour Party - August 80
2985:Democratic Party – demokraci.pl
2925:Centre Agreement – Polish Union
2633:Communist Party of Poland (KPP)
211:needs additional citations for
57:or discuss these issues on the
2728:Polish-Catholic People's Party
1718:(Lewiston: Edwin Mellen 1993).
1694:(Harmondsworth: Penguin 2008).
1588:(1980), pp. 198, 219, 228-229.
986:Polish communists in the 1930s
804:), 22–26% of the members were
170:You may also add the template
1:
2787:Polish Socialist Party – Left
2777:Polish Socialist Party (1892)
2762:Polish People's Party "Piast"
2706:National Radical Camp Falanga
1547:The Communist Party of Poland
1316:Polish Communist Party (2002)
553:subsequently executed in the
480:Polish Socialist Party – Left
316:Political party in Poland
3193:Self-Defence Social Movement
2853:Polish United Workers' Party
2701:National Radical Camp (1934)
2521:Silesian Separatist Movement
2433:National Radical Camp (1993)
2398:First Self-Governance League
1704:(Princeton University 1963).
1306:Polish United Workers' Party
1043:The KPP liquidated by Stalin
1035:, named for the hero of the
3204:Solidarity Electoral Action
3091:National Self-Defence Front
3086:National Party "Fatherland"
3056:Liberal Democratic Congress
2968:Conservative People's Party
2888:Alternative Social Movement
2351:Union of Christian Families
2321:Agreement (political party)
2113:Union of European Democrats
1684:(Columbia University 1977).
854:and not with the embryonic
664:Workers' Councils in Poland
456:Komunistyczna Partia Polski
327:Komunistyczna Partia Polski
235:"Communist Party of Poland"
183:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
142:will aid in categorization.
18:Komunistyczna Partia Polski
3322:
3133:People's National Movement
2957:Coalition for the Republic
2509:Silesian Autonomy Movement
2494:Right Wing of the Republic
2439:National Revival of Poland
1732:(Harvard University 1969).
1682:Poland in the 20th century
1627:(Cornell University 1995).
871:Communist Party of Germany
700:The KPRP opposed Poland's
693:
647:(one of whose leaders was
509:in 1918 and supported the
117:Machine translation, like
26:
3306:Communist Party of Poland
3280:List of political parties
3249:
3148:Polish Beer-Lovers' Party
3071:Movement for the Republic
2901:Catholic Electoral Action
2711:National Radical Camp ABC
2423:League of Polish Families
1657:(Oxford University 1990).
1193:
1161:, a new communist party.
1149:The Polish Workers' Party
702:war against Soviet Russia
497:. Following the ideas of
448:Communist Party of Poland
421:
402:International affiliation
324:Communist Party of Poland
94:the corresponding article
2973:Democratic Left Alliance
2941:Christian National Union
2449:Bezpartyjni Samorządowcy
2358:United Beyond Boundaries
907:The KPP and Piłsudski's
764:Jerzy Czeszejko-Sochacki
3225:Third Republic Movement
3198:Social Justice Movement
3039:League and Self-Defense
2946:Christian-Peasant Party
2835:Front of National Unity
2723:National Workers' Party
2718:National People's Union
2623:Catholic People's Party
2515:Silesian Regional Party
1756:, Jan M. Ciechanowski,
1644:(Yale University 2001).
1345:, 1 March 2017, p. 42.
1083:. It culminated in the
848:Communist International
684:Communist International
634:Names used by the party
542:Communist International
406:Communist International
391:Political position
181:For more guidance, see
3163:Polish Reason of State
3113:Patriotic Self-Defence
2684:Popular National Union
2484:Polish Communist Party
2293:Other existing parties
2144:Polish Socialist Party
1735:Jan B. de Weydenthal,
1661:Robert Vincent Daniels
1140:Policies and positions
1076:
1021:International Brigades
997:
940:Polish Socialist Party
921:
758:
668:Polish Socialist Party
635:
507:Second Polish Republic
472:Second Polish Republic
455:
29:Polish Communist Party
3173:Polish National Party
3081:National Party (1989)
3034:Labour Party (Poland)
3024:Initiative for Poland
2858:United People's Party
2848:Polish Workers' Party
2696:National Radical Camp
2662:Labour Faction (1937)
2527:Socialist Alternative
2413:Kashubian Association
2311:Alliance of Democrats
2259:Polish People's Party
2101:Polish People's Party
1970:Polish People's Party
1586:The History of Poland
1301:Polish Workers' Party
1159:Polish Workers' Party
1050:
993:
917:
756:
690:The Polish-Soviet War
633:
154:copyright attribution
2734:Polish Catholic Bloc
2679:Camp of Great Poland
2504:Self-Defence Rebirth
2403:Freedom and Equality
1714:Gabriele Simoncini,
1680:M. K. Dziewanowski,
1575:(1990), pp. 405-407.
1148:
938:was a leader of the
906:
869:, the leader of the
657:trade union movement
220:improve this article
3128:Peasants' Agreement
2931:Christian Democracy
2883:Alliance for Poland
2548:There is One Poland
2489:Real Politics Union
2474:Polish Pirate Party
2444:New Democracy - Yes
2297:political movements
2168:European Parliament
1928:Independents (15)**
1772:Anatoly V. Torkunov
1768:Adam Daniel Rotfeld
1623:Robert E. Blobaum,
1347:Crossing Boundaries
1291:Communism in Poland
1106:Maksymilian Horwitz
1033:Dąbrowski Battalion
962:Otto Wille Kuusinen
817:Maksymilian Horwitz
790:eastern borderlands
598:Aleksander Zawadzki
594:Stefan Jędrychowski
534:Maksymilian Horwitz
3285:Politics of Poland
3215:The Poor of Poland
3138:Poland Comes First
3050:Left and Democrats
3003:European Coalition
2668:National Democracy
2553:Workers' Democracy
2316:Silesians Together
2165:Represented in the
2088:Third Way (Poland)
1981:Independent (1)***
1728:Piotr S. Wandycz,
1671:M. K. Dziewanowski
1640:William J. Chase,
1601:(1979), pp. 90-92.
1485:(1977), pp. 48–53.
1120:, Saul Amsterdam,
1114:Stanisław Bobiński
1110:Julian Leszczyński
1077:
998:
922:
844:Western Belorussia
825:Julian Leszczyński
759:
719:Julian Marchlewski
636:
426:Politics of Poland
162:interlanguage link
3293:
3292:
3245:
3244:
2866:
2865:
2812:
2811:
2609:
2608:
2581:Polish–Lithuanian
2190:Polish Initiative
2107:Centre for Poland
1995:National Movement
1976:Centre for Poland
1905:Polish Initiative
1721:Richard M. Watt,
1504:978-83-7700-042-7
1470:978-0-674-06814-8
1415:978-83-08-04125-3
1398:978-83-7549-150-0
1377:Szkice i polemiki
1375:Andrzej Werblan,
1343:Berghahn Journals
1282:
1281:
1029:Spanish Civil War
867:Heinrich Brandler
723:Felix Dzerzhinsky
696:Polish–Soviet War
614:central committee
610:Marian Spychalski
606:Mieczysław Moczar
582:Władysław Gomułka
519:Polish–Soviet War
478:(SDKPiL) and the
444:
443:
431:Political parties
364:Succeeded by
314:
313:
306:
296:
295:
288:
270:
194:
193:
106:
102:
72:
16:(Redirected from
3313:
3257:Zbigniew Ajchler
3153:Poland Fair Play
3118:Party of Regions
2990:Democratic Union
2914:Centre Agreement
2868:
2814:
2657:Labor Party (PP)
2611:
2577:
2368:Civic Initiative
2346:Party of Drivers
2335:All-Polish Youth
2305:Polish Coalition
2195:Independents (3)
2157:Independents (4)
2081:Independents (4)
2056:Independents (4)
2051:Sovereign Poland
1963:Polish Coalition
1879:Independent (2)*
1862:Sovereign Poland
1830:
1829:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1792:
1758:Z. A. Pelczynski
1655:. A reassessment
1653:The Great Terror
1611:
1608:
1602:
1595:
1589:
1582:
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1550:
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1507:
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1435:
1424:
1418:
1407:
1401:
1390:
1384:
1381:Książka i Wiedza
1373:
1362:
1355:
1349:
1335:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1169:
1165:Election results
1134:communist Poland
980:Great Depression
969:Dmitry Manuilsky
852:Grigory Zinoviev
735:Edward Próchniak
670:(PPS) units for
538:Edward Próchniak
384:Marxism–Leninism
319:
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141:
140:|topic=
138:, and specifying
123:Google Translate
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3296:
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3289:
3275:Portal:Politics
3270:
3268:Marek Biernacki
3265:
3262:Piotr Adamowicz
3259:
3254:
3241:
3220:The Republicans
3107:Social Alliance
3061:Libertas Poland
2862:
2808:
2615:
2605:
2591:Patriotic Party
2582:
2573:Defunct parties
2568:
2563:German Minority
2459:Peasants' Party
2341:National League
2296:
2294:
2288:
2209:Law and Justice
2177:Civic Coalition
2166:
2160:
2118:Independent (1)
2076:Yes! For Poland
2063:Civic Coalition
2045:Law and Justice
2026:
2020:
1923:Yes! For Poland
1886:Civic Coalition
1856:Law and Justice
1837:
1831:
1824:
1819:
1754:Antony Polonsky
1743:Ferdynand Zweig
1648:Robert Conquest
1620:
1615:
1614:
1609:
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1462:Halik Kochanski
1460:
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1167:
1155:occupied Poland
1151:
1142:
1122:Bruno Jasieński
1102:Maria Koszutska
1094:Józef Unszlicht
1053:Georgi Dimitrov
1045:
988:
926:Józef Piłsudski
919:Maria Koszutska
912:
904:
856:Left Opposition
840:Western Ukraine
821:Maria Koszutska
751:
731:Józef Unszlicht
698:
692:
680:Józef Unszlicht
641:
628:
623:
578:Bolesław Bierut
546:Józef Piłsudski
526:Maria Koszutska
464:communist party
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101:(February 2015)
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3183:Right Alliance
3180:
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3016:
3014:Forward Poland
3011:
3006:
2999:
2992:
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2878:Ancestral Home
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2800:
2799:
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2750:People's Party
2747:
2742:
2737:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2693:
2692:
2691:
2689:National Party
2686:
2681:
2676:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2630:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2616:inter-war eras
2607:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2598:
2596:Hetmans' Party
2593:
2587:
2585:
2574:
2570:
2569:
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2240:
2234:
2220:
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2212:
2198:
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2196:
2193:
2187:
2184:Civic Platform
2172:
2170:
2162:
2161:
2159:
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2153:
2147:
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2135:
2121:
2120:
2119:
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2110:
2104:
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2084:
2083:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2070:Civic Platform
2059:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2048:
2033:
2031:
2025:Represented in
2022:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1984:
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1982:
1979:
1973:
1959:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1893:Civic Platform
1882:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1874:Polish Affairs
1871:
1865:
1859:
1844:
1842:
1836:Represented in
1833:
1832:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1810:
1803:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1765:
1752:R. F. Leslie,
1740:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1695:
1685:
1678:
1668:
1658:
1645:
1638:
1631:Edward H. Carr
1628:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1603:
1590:
1577:
1564:
1551:
1545:Dziewanowski,
1538:
1525:
1508:
1494:Jerzy Eisler,
1487:
1481:Dziewanowski,
1474:
1454:
1445:
1436:
1419:
1402:
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1163:
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1141:
1138:
1044:
1041:
987:
984:
951:Wincenty Witos
944:general strike
911:
905:
903:
900:
846:). Within the
750:
747:
743:Vladimir Lenin
694:Main article:
691:
688:
649:Rosa Luxemburg
640:
637:
627:
624:
622:
619:
517:) in the 1920
515:Vladimir Lenin
499:Rosa Luxemburg
442:
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24:
14:
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2:
3318:
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3301:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3238:
3237:Your Movement
3235:
3233:
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3228:
3226:
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3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
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3141:
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3119:
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3069:
3067:
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3062:
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3057:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3047:
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3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3029:Initiative RP
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3019:Freedom Union
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
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2980:
2976:
2974:
2971:
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2915:
2912:
2910:
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2905:
2903:
2902:
2898:
2896:
2895:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2819:
2817:Communist era
2815:
2805:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2756:Polish Centre
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2745:Peasant Party
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2612:
2602:
2601:Familia Party
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2586:
2584:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2464:Piast Faction
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2378:Common Powiat
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2363:Better Poland
2361:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2330:
2329:Confederation
2326:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2291:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2241:
2238:
2235:
2232:
2231:Confederation
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2224:Confederation
2221:
2216:
2215:United Poland
2213:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2163:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2138:Left Together
2136:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
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2092:
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2077:
2074:
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2068:
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2060:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2013:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1989:
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136:main category
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2543:Slavic Union
2418:Labour Party
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2202:United Right
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2175:
2150:Labour Union
2123:
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2038:United Right
2036:
1986:
1961:
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1849:United Right
1847:
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1707:W. J. Rose,
1701:
1698:Josef Korbel
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1184:Seat Change
1152:
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1118:Tomasz Dąbal
1098:Adolf Warski
1078:
1025:Nationalists
1018:
999:
995:Adolf Warski
973:
955:
948:
929:
928:initiated a
923:
908:
879:
877:" the KPRP.
863:Leon Trotsky
860:
833:
813:Adolf Warski
810:
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661:
642:
602:World War II
590:Edward Ochab
586:Alfred Lampe
571:
555:Soviet Union
530:Adolf Warski
523:
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242:
230:
218:Please help
213:verification
210:
158:edit summary
149:
129:
99:
91:
65:
58:
52:
51:Please help
48:
3231:United Left
2996:Europa Plus
2614:Pre-war and
2469:Polish Left
2265:Poland 2050
2095:Poland 2050
1956:Poland 2050
1130:Great Purge
1027:during the
936:World War I
931:coup d’etat
796:(KPZU) and
639:The origins
563:Trotskyists
470:during the
2871:Modern era
2558:Freedomers
2537:Solidarity
1911:The Greens
1571:Conquest,
1322:References
1194:Boycotted
1126:Trotskyism
875:Bolshevise
788:). In the
786:Fareynikte
778:Poale Zion
745:'s views.
727:Feliks Kon
707:socialists
653:PPS – Left
651:) and the
511:Bolsheviks
488:communists
466:active in
246:newspapers
54:improve it
2628:Centrolew
2252:Third Way
1917:AGROunion
1688:Tony Judt
1383:, Warsaw.
1172:Election
1057:Manuilsky
1012:and even
966:Ukrainian
902:1926–1938
749:1921–1926
626:1918–1921
436:Elections
380:Communism
342:Dissolved
176:talk page
128:Consider
96:in Polish
60:talk page
3300:Category
3264:et al.,
2281:New Left
2274:The Left
2237:New Hope
2132:New Left
2125:The Left
2015:Kukiz'15
2001:New Hope
1942:New Left
1935:The Left
1868:Renew RP
1285:See also
1232:217,240
1204:121,448
1089:Sanation
1065:Kuusinen
1014:Catholic
964:and the
891:Bulgaria
836:Leninist
780:and the
711:Red Army
574:Sanation
550:May Coup
513:(led by
503:European
462:) was a
396:Far-left
375:Ideology
276:May 2009
152:provide
3123:Party X
2393:Falanga
1774:, ed.,
1339:Aspasia
1268:4 / 444
1260:40,373
1240:5 / 444
1212:2 / 444
1061:Moskvin
887:Germany
739:Marxist
412:Colours
334:Founded
260:scholar
174:to the
156:in the
98:.
3210:Spring
2029:Senate
1899:Modern
1889:(157)
1852:(191)
1770:&
1709:Poland
1597:Watt,
1558:Carr,
1532:Watt,
1519:
1502:
1483:Poland
1468:
1430:
1413:
1396:
1357:Watt,
1181:Seats
1175:Votes
1073:Ercoli
1069:Florin
1031:. The
895:France
893:, and
819:, and
806:Jewish
733:, and
676:Russia
645:SDKPiL
596:, and
567:Moscow
536:, and
468:Poland
452:Polish
358:SDKPiL
262:
255:
248:
241:
233:
3266:***:
2205:(20)
2180:(21)
2091:(12)
2066:(41)
2041:(34)
1991:(18)
1966:(32)
1938:(26)
1895:(127)
1858:(165)
1263:0.36
882:Minsk
802:Poles
354:PPS–L
267:JSTOR
253:books
119:DeepL
3260:**:
3101:Now!
2565:****
2277:(3)
2255:(3)
2227:(6)
2211:(18)
2186:(17)
2128:(9)
2072:(36)
2047:(29)
2027:the
1972:(28)
1958:(33)
1944:(19)
1864:(18)
1840:Sejm
1838:the
1517:ISBN
1500:ISBN
1466:ISBN
1428:ISBN
1411:ISBN
1394:ISBN
1256:1930
1235:1.9
1228:1928
1207:1.4
1200:1922
1190:1919
1006:Bund
1000:The
959:Finn
909:coup
865:and
842:and
769:Sejm
608:and
495:Left
345:1938
337:1918
239:news
150:must
148:You
112:View
3255:*:
2295:and
2283:(3)
2267:(1)
2261:(2)
2245:(1)
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2017:(3)
2009:(3)
2003:(8)
1997:(6)
1978:(3)
1950:(7)
1925:(1)
1919:(1)
1913:(3)
1907:(4)
1901:(6)
1876:(1)
1870:(5)
548:'s
460:KPP
416:Red
368:PPR
222:by
121:or
3302::
1760:,
1745:,
1700:,
1690:,
1673:,
1663:,
1650:,
1633:,
1366:^
1341:,
1330:^
1278:1
1250:3
1222:2
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2539:*
2523:*
2517:*
2511:*
2435:*
2337:*
1814:e
1807:t
1800:v
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784:(
450:(
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283:(
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274:(
264:·
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243:·
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185:.
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70:)
66:(
31:.
20:)
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