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vehicle, this gave the Soviet Union a significant early advantage in the weight that could be placed in orbit or sent to the Moon or nearby planets. There have been a number of variants of the R-7 with an upper stage, each with a different name, usually matching that of the payload, and each optimized to carry out specific missions. An unmodified R-7 was used to launch the first Soviet satellite,
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to
American targets. That ICBM, called the R-7 or Semyorka ("Number 7"), was first successfully tested on August 21, 1957. Because Soviet nuclear warheads were based on a heavy design, the R-7 had significantly greater weight-lifting capability than did initial U.S. ICBMs. When used as a space launch
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turned out to be impractical as a ballistic missile, and there were no other heavy payloads with a military application. However, long-term development has made the rockets useful in the Soviet, and later, Russian space programmes. Their purpose shifted primarily to launching satellites, probes,
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is a visual phenomenon observed in the smoke plumes of the R-7 series rockets during separation of the four liquid-fueled booster rockets attached to the core stage. As the boosters fall away from the rocket, they pitch over symmetrically due to aerodynamic forces acting upon them, forming a
230:. The type has a unique configuration where four break-away liquid-fueled engines surround a central core. The core acts as, in effect, a "second stage" after the other four engines are jettisoned. These rockets are expendable.
206:, was first used in 1966 and, with many subsequent variants and improvements, is still in service. This family of launch vehicles has carried out more space launches than the rest of the world's launch vehicles combined.
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This
Template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future
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caught fire on the launch pad before the end of the countdown, so it is not counted in the list of launches; this is why adding successes and failures yields 787 launches instead of 786.
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268:
All the R-7 family rockets are listed here by date of introduction. Most of the early R-7 variants have been retired. Active versions (as of 2022) are shown in green.
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crewed and uncrewed spacecraft, and other non-threatening payloads. The R-7 family consists of both missiles and orbital carrier rockets. Derivatives include the
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Symbol indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)
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The only operational ICBM version. Improved range and guidance system. Only 6 launch positions were available. Used as a base for 11A57 and later mods
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The Soyuz-FG was retired in 2019 in favour of the Soyuz-2.1a. R-7 rockets are launched from the
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Some families include both missiles and carrier rockets; they are listed in both groups.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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162:(ICBM). More R-7 rockets have been launched than any other family of large rockets.
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Modified version for launching Meteor weather satellites into higher orbits
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Family of space launch vehicles developed by the Soviet Union (later Russia)
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rockets, which as of 2022 have been used for all Soviet, and later
Russian
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Used for launching Zenit reconnaissance satellites throughout the 1960s
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and its variants used as launchers in the early Soviet space program
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Later modifications were standardised around the Soyuz design. The
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on 9 April 2020. In August 2019 the booster lofted the uncrewed
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cross-like shape behind the rocket. The effect is named after
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into orbit in order to test the spacecraft on the new rocket.
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151:) family of rockets is a series of rockets, derived from the
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Variant of Luna, used to launch prototype Vostok spacecraft
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1525:S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia
209:When Soviet nuclear warheads became lighter, the
1081:Single most launched carrier rocket ever built
178:, on October 4, 1957, and an R-7 variant, the
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8:
1419:"Russia sends military satellite into space"
1490:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
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165:Under the direction of the rocket pioneer
4844:Space launch vehicles of the Soviet Union
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
1367:Comparison of orbital launchers families
620:First rocket to launch a man into space
79:This article includes a list of general
1527:, a Russian rocket and space contractor
1470:. Jonathan's Space Page. Archived from
1456:NASA TV coverage of Soyuz TMA-12 launch
1383:
1295:
1044:spacecraft, eventually used to launch
7:
1578:Comparison of orbital launch systems
1393:"Soyuz-FG's long road to retirement"
1163:launches, the final launch was the
160:intercontinental ballistic missile
85:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
577:Designed to send payloads out of
4812:Soyuz at the Guiana Space Centre
4457:
254:Soyuz at the Guiana Space Centre
70:
34:
4859:Space launch vehicles of Russia
3406:Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
4364:Cancelled (no launch attempts)
1573:List of orbital launch systems
1417:Mu, Xuequan (1 October 2010).
1:
1121:Used for a number of crewed
1083:Used for a number of crewed
786:Improved version of Molniya
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3396:Medium-lift launch vehicle
1468:"Launch List - R-7 Family"
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3391:Small-lift launch vehicle
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196:reconnaissance satellites
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43:This article needs to be
1421:. Xinhua. Archived from
892:Launched several crewed
854:Launched with prototype
252:(from 2011 to 2022, see
1040:Built to launch crewed
100:more precise citations.
3706:Soviet Union / Ukraine
1562:Orbital launch systems
1335:
1302:Not including boosters
1167:on 25 September 2019.
136:
3648:Soviet Union / Russia
1330:
260:(first launch 2016).
237:is currently in use.
182:, launched the first
131:
1466:McDowell, Jonathan.
1362:List of R-7 launches
999:Created to test the
258:Vostochny Cosmodrome
158:, the world's first
4839:R-7 (rocket family)
1357:1957 in spaceflight
264:Summary of variants
250:Guiana Space Centre
246:Plesetsk Cosmodrome
242:Baikonur Cosmodrome
2568:v1.2 "Full Thrust"
1519:2020-03-30 at the
1425:on October 3, 2010
1336:
1147:25 September 2019
774:30 September 2010
457:23 September 1958
228:human spaceflights
137:
4849:Soviet inventions
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1397:Russian Space Web
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1311:As of 22 May 2020
1271:28 December 2013
1236:27 December 2006
1109:3 September 1995
1106:23 December 1982
1069:22 February 2017
1025:27 December 1971
984:24 November 1970
877:28 November 1966
839:27 December 1965
771:19 February 1964
729:16 November 1963
599:22 December 1960
494:23 December 1959
340:27 February 1961
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194:, used to launch
184:Soviet cosmonauts
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16:(Redirected from
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4615:Soyuz 2.1a / STA
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3849:Sounding rockets
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1204:Used for crewed
1187:8 November 2004
1159:Used for crewed
744:Launched crewed
696:1 November 1963
614:Used for crewed
565:3 December 1965
562:20 January 1960
531:1 December 1960
377:3 November 1957
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1100:Carrier rocket
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1019:Carrier rocket
1001:LK lunar lander
987:12 August 1971
978:Carrier rocket
955:Carrier rocket
932:Carrier rocket
909:Carrier rocket
871:Carrier rocket
833:Carrier rocket
808:29 August 1991
805:28 August 1964
799:Carrier rocket
765:Carrier rocket
723:Carrier rocket
690:Carrier rocket
656:Carrier rocket
633:Carrier rocket
619:
593:Carrier rocket
556:Carrier rocket
522:Carrier rocket
472:Launched first
451:Carrier rocket
414:Carrier rocket
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374:4 October 1957
368:Carrier rocket
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167:Sergey Korolyov
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92:Please help to
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2003:In development
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1982:Vulcan Centaur
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1508:External links
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1391:Zak, Anatoly.
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1345:Sergei Korolev
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391:carrier rocket
389:World's first
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171:nuclear weapon
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3282:UR-500 Proton
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2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
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1976:
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1658:Firefly Alpha
1656:
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1537:
1536:
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1526:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1494:on 2010-01-07
1493:
1489:
1484:
1474:on 2008-06-22
1473:
1469:
1464:
1463:
1453:
1450:
1446:
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1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1340:Korolev Cross
1334:
1333:Soyuz TMA-04M
1329:
1323:Korolev Cross
1322:
1308:
1305:
1299:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
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1137:
1134:
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1129:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
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1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1002:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
965:
963:
957:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
942:
940:
934:
931:
928:
926:
923:
922:
919:
917:
911:
908:
905:
903:
900:
899:
895:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
876:
873:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
857:
853:
850:
847:
844:
842:20 July 1966
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
819:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
798:
795:
793:
790:
789:
785:
782:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
759:
756:
755:
751:
747:
743:
740:
737:
734:
732:29 June 1976
731:
728:
725:
722:
719:
717:
714:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
686:
684:
681:
680:
676:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
650:
647:
646:
643:
641:
635:
632:
629:
627:
624:
623:
617:
613:
610:
607:
604:
602:10 July 1964
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
587:
584:
583:
580:
576:
573:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
542:
539:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
516:
513:
512:
508:
505:
502:
499:
497:25 July 1967
496:
493:
490:
487:
484:
482:
481:R-7A Semyorka
479:
478:
475:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
445:
442:
441:
438:
434:
431:
428:
425:
422:
419:
416:
413:
410:
408:
405:
404:
401:
397:
392:
388:
385:
382:
379:
376:
373:
370:
367:
364:
362:
359:
358:
355:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
333:
330:
327:
325:
322:
321:
311:
308:
305:
304:
295:Final flight
279:
272:
269:
263:
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
238:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
212:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
186:, among them
185:
181:
177:
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
154:
146:
142:
134:
130:
120:
117:
109:
106:December 2008
99:
95:
89:
88:
82:
77:
68:
67:
58:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
4638:Launch sites
4567:Soyuz/Vostok
4444:R-7 Semyorka
4429:
4213:Soyuz/Vostok
4143:
3917:
3674:
3542:Europe / ESA
3176:Thorad-Agena
2849:Soyuz/Vostok
2779:
1653:Falcon Heavy
1496:. Retrieved
1492:the original
1486:Wade, Mark.
1476:. Retrieved
1472:the original
1452:
1439:
1429:30 September
1427:. Retrieved
1423:the original
1412:
1400:. Retrieved
1396:
1386:
1339:
1337:
1307:
1298:
1274:
1239:
1190:
1144:20 May 2001
1066:18 May 1973
961:
938:
915:
880:24 May 1975
826:Soyuz/Vostok
665:12 May 1967
662:1 June 1962
639:
528:15 May 1960
474:Lunar probes
423:15 May 1958
337:15 May 1957
324:R-7 Semyorka
267:
239:
232:
208:
188:Yuri Gagarin
164:
156:R-7 Semyorka
140:
138:
133:R-7 Semyorka
112:
103:
84:
55:October 2017
52:
44:
4430:R-7 rockets
3908:Peacekeeper
3857:Black Brant
2666:LauncherOne
2617:Kaituozhe-1
2394:Black Arrow
2146:Orbex Prime
2045:Hyperbola-2
2010:Antares 330
1710:Kaituozhe 2
1683:Hyperbola-1
1445:Soyuz T-10a
1214:Soyuz MS-14
1210:Soyuz MS-16
1165:Soyuz MS-15
1135:11A511U-FG
1042:Soyuz 7K-VI
858:satellites
316:(+ partial)
256:), and the
98:introducing
4833:Categories
4625:Soyuz 2-1v
3481:Long March
2671:Long March
2575:Feng Bao 1
2188:Tianlong-3
2114:New Line 1
2072:Long March
2020:Cyclone-4M
1960:Tianlong-2
1938:2.1b / STB
1933:2.1a / STA
1876:Pegasus XL
1742:Long March
1715:Kinetica 1
1638:Chollima-1
1514:Rocket R-7
1498:2008-12-21
1478:2008-12-21
1402:19 October
1378:References
1258:Soyuz-2-1v
1222:Soyuz-2.1b
1173:Soyuz-2.1a
361:Sputnik-PS
198:, and the
81:references
4791:2020ā2024
4786:2015ā2019
4781:2010ā2014
4776:2005ā2009
4771:2000ā2004
4766:1995ā1999
4761:1990ā1994
4756:1985ā1989
4751:1980ā1984
4746:1975ā1979
4741:1970ā1974
4736:1965ā1969
4731:1960ā1964
4726:1957ā1959
4689:Vostochny
4682:Site 43/4
4677:Site 43/3
4672:Site 16/2
4667:Site 41/1
4655:Site 31/6
4549:Molniya-M
4526:Vostok-2M
4371:Tsyklon-4
3903:Minuteman
2770:Paektusan
2399:Conestoga
2156:Red Dwarf
2109:New Glenn
2040:Gravity-2
2030:Epsilon S
1663:Gravity-1
1125:launches
1097:11A511U2
1087:launches
896:missions
792:Vostok-2M
758:Molniya-M
752:missions
750:Voskhod 2
746:Voskhod 1
626:Molniya-L
437:Sputnik 3
435:Launched
400:Sputnik 2
396:Sputnik 1
394:Launched
298:Launches
284:Function
176:Sputnik 1
4819:(engine)
4800:See also
4718:Launches
4662:Plesetsk
4650:Site 1/5
4645:Baikonur
4597:Soyuz-FG
4592:Soyuz-U2
4521:Vostok-2
4516:Vostok-K
4511:Vostok-L
4437:Missiles
4311:Proton-K
4284:original
4181:original
4058:Proton-M
3923:Semyorka
3913:Redstone
3893:Aggregat
3886:Missiles
3784:Minotaur
3754:Electron
3533:Kuaizhou
3314:original
3304:Vanguard
3287:Proton-K
3260:original
3108:Ablestar
3093:Terran 1
3051:original
2910:Rocket 3
2817:original
2627:original
2553:Falcon 9
2548:Falcon 1
2504:IV Heavy
2220:Zuljanah
2183:Terran R
2166:Block 1B
2151:Pallas-1
2055:Kuaizhou
2015:Bloostar
1955:Starship
1906:Shavit 2
1891:Qaem 100
1881:Proton-M
1839:Minotaur
1720:Kuaizhou
1643:Electron
1611:Ariane 6
1517:Archived
1351:See also
1131:Soyuz-FG
1093:Soyuz-U2
1057:11A511U
1016:11A511M
975:11A511L
649:Vostok-2
618:missions
586:Vostok-K
515:Vostok-L
309:Success
301:Remarks
4694:Site 1S
4607:Soyuz-2
4587:Soyuz-U
4582:Soyuz-M
4577:Soyuz-L
4544:Molniya
4536:Molniya
4488:Voskhod
4478:Sputnik
4279:Tsyklon
4274:Start-1
4223:Voskhod
4218:Sputnik
4154:Molniya
4107:Energia
4095:Retired
4086:Yenisei
4031:Soyuz-2
3997:Russian
3877:Skylark
3789:Pegasus
3779:Jupiter
3758:Falcon
3734:Antares
3713:Tsyklon
3680:Molniya
3621:Epsilon
3554:Diamant
3379:Classes
3250:Tsyklon
3088:Start-1
2859:Voskhod
2854:Sputnik
2790:Molniya
2775:Pilot-2
2612:Juno II
2526:Epsilon
2521:Energia
2511:Diamant
2387:Centaur
2236:Antares
2229:Retired
2178:Soyuz-7
2171:Block 2
2104:Neutron
2094:Miura 5
1928:Soyuz-2
1921:Block 1
1911:Simorgh
1688:Jielong
1616:Atlas V
1587:Current
1488:"Soyuz"
1233:2 or 3
1227:14A14B
1184:2 or 3
1178:14A14A
1141:2 or 3
1063:2 or 3
1053:Soyuz-U
1012:Soyuz-M
971:Soyuz-L
962:Unbuilt
952:11A514
948:Soyuz-R
939:Unbuilt
925:Soyuz-V
916:Unbuilt
902:Soyuz-B
868:11A511
830:11A510
716:Voskhod
640:Unbuilt
549:Molniya
407:Sputnik
365:8K71PS
312:Failure
289:Stages
287:NĀ° Core
235:Soyuz-2
220:Voskhod
200:Molniya
192:Voshkod
145:Russian
94:improve
45:updated
4817:RD-107
4701:Guiana
4498:Vostok
4483:Polyot
4386:Medium
4376:Proton
4321:Strela
4306:UR-500
4262:Shtil'
4228:Vostok
4171:Polyot
4112:Kosmos
4081:Irtysh
4014:Angara
4007:Active
3993:Soviet
3872:Rehbar
3867:Rohini
3862:Lambda
3830:Shavit
3794:Saturn
3739:Athena
3690:Vostok
3670:Proton
3660:Kosmos
3655:Angara
3568:Miura
3559:Europa
3549:Ariane
3363:Zhuque
3297:Strela
3255:R-36-O
3198:II GLV
3186:SLV-2H
3181:SLV-2G
3169:DSV-2U
3147:Burner
3083:SS-520
3078:Sparta
3046:Shavit
2937:Saturn
2898:Shtil'
2864:Vostok
2807:Polyot
2765:Naro-1
2654:Lambda
2622:Kosmos
2607:Juno I
2531:Europa
2305:Athena
2268:Ariane
2208:Zhuque
2198:Vega E
2050:Irtysh
1987:Zhuque
1705:KAIROS
1594:Angara
1275:Active
1262:14A15
1240:Active
1224:/ STB
1191:Active
1175:/ STA
929:11K56
906:11K55
796:8A92M
762:8K78M
720:11A57
687:11A59
683:Polyot
630:8K78L
616:Vostok
590:8K72K
519:8K72L
306:Total
281:index
216:Vostok
180:Vostok
153:Soviet
83:, but
4572:Soyuz
4559:Soyuz
4381:Light
4328:Zenit
4316:Rokot
4267:Volna
4176:Soyuz
4102:Dnepr
3935:RS-82
3825:Safir
3804:Titan
3799:Scout
3772:Heavy
3749:Delta
3744:Atlas
3718:Zenit
3685:Soyuz
3634:H-IIB
3630:H-IIA
3614:Japan
3588:India
3474:China
3326:Zenit
3321:VLS-1
3292:Rokot
3193:Titan
3164:Delta
3125:Agena
3073:SPARK
2959:Scout
2915:Safir
2903:Volna
2812:Soyuz
2602:H-IIB
2516:Dnepr
2404:Delta
2382:Agena
2372:SLV-3
2367:LV-3B
2322:Atlas
1896:Qased
1871:OS-M1
1673:H-IIA
1621:Ceres
1523:from
1250:2+1p
1206:Soyuz
1201:2+1p
1161:Soyuz
1123:Soyuz
1085:Soyuz
894:Soyuz
864:Soyuz
653:8A92
553:8K78
488:ICBM
485:8K74
448:8K72
411:8A91
331:ICBM
328:8K71
274:Name
224:Soyuz
204:Soyuz
4506:Luna
4348:3SLB
4257:R-29
4149:Luna
4076:Amur
4046:2-1v
4041:2.1b
4036:2.1a
3995:and
3930:R-36
3898:Agni
3835:Unha
3809:Thor
3626:H-II
3605:LVM3
3600:GSLV
3595:PSLV
3564:Vega
3351:3SLB
3309:Vega
3238:CT-3
3223:IIIE
3218:IIID
3213:IIIC
3208:IIIB
3203:IIIA
3103:Able
3098:Thor
2999:X-2B
2989:X-3M
2979:X-2M
2893:R-29
2785:Luna
2760:N-II
2738:3SII
2637:2/2I
2597:H-II
2585:Mk I
2580:GSLV
2563:v1.1
2558:v1.0
2484:5000
2479:4000
2474:3000
2469:2000
2464:1000
2459:0100
2377:Able
2300:ASLV
2261:230+
2203:Zero
2129:OS-M
2124:Nova
2119:NGLV
2035:Eris
2025:Deca
1970:Vega
1965:Unha
1950:SSLV
1943:2-1v
1886:PSLV
1866:Nuri
1834:LVM3
1767:3B/E
1668:GSLV
1431:2010
1404:2017
1338:The
1075:765
1072:786
856:US-A
780:276
777:297
748:and
738:277
735:300
444:Luna
398:and
354:ICBM
278:GRAU
222:and
139:The
4706:ELS
4343:3SL
4144:R-7
4019:1.2
3918:R-7
3675:R-7
3346:3SL
3341:2FG
3233:23G
3228:34D
3063:SLV
3039:G-1
3034:F-1
3029:E-1
3024:A-1
3019:D-1
3014:B-1
2994:X-4
2984:X-3
2974:X-2
2964:X-1
2780:R-7
2755:N-I
2592:H-I
2494:III
2362:III
2337:E/F
2256:230
2251:130
2246:120
2241:110
2193:VLM
2161:SLS
2099:MLV
1916:SLS
1901:RS1
1827:11H
1599:1.2
1285:1p
1282:11
1279:12
1247:87
1244:90
1198:72
1195:75
1153:69
1150:70
1115:72
1112:72
1078:22
1005:LEO
1003:in
886:28
883:30
814:92
811:94
783:21
741:23
671:40
668:45
608:11
605:13
579:LEO
574:14
571:12
568:26
503:18
500:21
346:18
343:27
211:R-7
149:Š -7
141:R-7
4835::
4353:3F
4338:2M
4301:UR
4248:2M
4206:FG
4201:U2
4139:N1
4132:3M
4122:2I
4053:UR
4024:A5
3665:N1
3639:Mu
3632:/
3628:/
3526:11
3356:3F
3336:2M
3243:IV
2947:IB
2930:1B
2925:1A
2884:2M
2842:U2
2822:FG
2750:N1
2733:3S
2728:3H
2723:3C
2718:4S
2713:Mu
2706:4A
2701:3B
2691:2E
2686:2A
2681:1D
2659:4S
2647:3M
2541:II
2499:IV
2489:II
2357:II
2315:II
2087:12
2082:10
2065:31
2060:21
1849:IV
1822:11
1812:7A
1802:6A
1792:5B
1782:4C
1777:4B
1772:3C
1762:3A
1757:2F
1752:2D
1747:2C
1735:11
1730:1A
1678:H3
1631:1S
1604:A5
1395:.
1268:2
1156:1
1118:0
1103:2
1037:0
1034:8
1031:8
1022:2
996:0
993:3
990:3
981:2
958:2
935:2
912:2
889:2
874:2
851:0
848:2
845:2
836:3
817:2
802:2
768:3
726:2
708:0
705:2
702:2
693:1
674:5
659:2
636:3
611:2
596:2
559:3
540:1
537:3
534:4
525:2
506:3
491:1
469:7
466:2
463:9
454:2
432:1
429:1
426:2
417:1
386:0
383:2
380:2
371:1
349:9
334:1
248:,
244:,
218:,
147::
4422:e
4415:t
4408:v
4333:2
4294:3
4289:2
4243:2
4238:K
4233:L
4196:U
4191:M
4186:L
4164:L
4159:M
4127:3
4117:1
3985:e
3978:t
3971:v
3767:9
3762:1
3577:5
3572:1
3521:8
3516:7
3511:6
3506:5
3501:4
3496:3
3491:2
3486:1
3454:e
3447:t
3440:v
3368:1
3331:2
3270:3
3265:2
3157:2
3152:1
3140:D
3135:B
3130:A
3118:2
3113:1
3056:1
3009:A
3004:B
2952:V
2942:I
2920:1
2879:2
2874:K
2869:L
2837:U
2832:M
2827:L
2800:L
2795:M
2743:V
2696:3
2676:1
2642:3
2632:1
2536:I
2454:N
2449:M
2444:L
2439:J
2434:G
2429:E
2424:D
2419:C
2414:B
2409:A
2352:I
2347:H
2342:G
2332:D
2327:B
2310:I
2293:5
2288:4
2283:3
2278:2
2273:1
2213:3
2139:4
2134:2
2077:9
1992:2
1975:C
1859:C
1854:V
1844:I
1817:8
1807:7
1797:6
1787:5
1725:1
1698:3
1693:1
1626:1
1554:e
1547:t
1540:v
1501:.
1481:.
1433:.
1406:.
143:(
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
90:.
57:)
53:(
47:.
20:)
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