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such that the other children repeatedly attempt and fail to murder them out of envy. One day, the triplets ask who their father is. Danggeum-aegi usually gives the names of various trees as their father, but each tree tells the triplets that she is lying. Once she admits the truth, the brothers go out to find their father. When they reach the priest's temple, he gives them a series of impossible tasks to verify their parentage. This includes walking in water while wearing paper shoes without making any of the paper wet, crossing a river using only the bones of cows dead for three years, creating a rooster out of straw that perches and crows, and eating a fish and then vomiting it out alive. The triplets succeed in all these tasks, and the priest acknowledges that they are his sons when he sees that his blood mingles with the triplets'. The priest then makes
Danggeum-aegi the goddess of childbirth, and the triplets either the Jeseok gods or a group of equivalent fertility deities.
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2163:, the Visitors are chased away from the house of the wealthy Kim-jangja and lodge at the house of a poor crone. In return for her hospitality, the gods reward her and her granddaughter with great fortune. The crone also requests that the Visitors bless Cheolhyeon, Kim-jangja's fifteen-year-old son who she used to nurse. But when Kim-jangja rejects the Visitors a second time, the female Visitor takes the form of Cheolhyeon's mother in order to lure him away and gives him a severe case of smallpox. Kim-jangja vows to sacrifice a calf for the gods, only to refuse the sacrifice when the Visitors recall the illness in response. The outraged gods kill Cheolhyeon, who becomes the youngest Visitor. Later, the Visitors discover that Kim-jangja has been reduced to poverty and that he has no children left due to Cheolhyeon's death. They take pity on him and give the 70-year-old Kim-jangja a new son.
2178:
39:
1826:(6.7 meters) long or wide. In both northern and Jeju myths, a benevolent god is challenged by an usurper who claims rule over the human world. The two gods engage in three contests to decide who will rule. In both, the final challenge is a flower-growing contest, in which the god that grows the better flower will take charge of humanity. The benevolent god grows the (better) flower, but the usurper steals it while the other god sleeps. Having won this final contest, the usurper takes control of the world, but his unjust victory is the source of the evil and suffering of the present world. Both northern and Jeju creation myths also tell of how there were once two suns and two moons, making the world very hot during day and very cold during night, until a deity destroys one of each.
1102:, Jumong's son by his wife he has left behind in Eastern Buyeo, asks his mother who his father is. When she tells him that he does not have any one father, he attempts to kill himself, forcing her to reveal the truth. After solving a riddle his father has left, Yuri finds his father's token, a half of a sword. He goes to Goguryeo and meets Jumong. Yuri and Jumong match their halves of the sword, and the sword becomes one while oozing blood. When Jumong asks his son to show his power, the boy rides atop sunlight. Jumong then makes Yuri his heir. In 19 BCE, the king ascends into heaven and does not return. Yuri holds a funeral for his father, using the king's whip in place of his missing body, and becomes Goguryeo's second king.
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performed at ceremonies where the soul of the deceased is sent off to the realm of the dead. Bari is the goddess that guides the soul on its way, and the story of the princess's journey thus further reassures the bereaved that the spirit of their loved one is in good hands. At the same time, shamans also seek to entertain worshippers. This may be done by inserting riddles, popular songs, or humorous or sexual descriptions into the retelling of the myth, or by having the accompanying musicians interrupt the narrative with often vulgar jokes. Such humorous elements also helped convey the subversive message of many shamanic myths, such as criticism of gender hierarchies and class structures.
2292:
1096:, "good archer." The king makes Jumong the stable-keeper, which offends him enough that he decides to found his own kingdom. With three companions, Jumong flees south, leaving his mother and wife behind. When they find an unfordable river, Jumong proclaims his divine descent, and the fish and turtles of the river allow them to cross on their backs. Jumong founds the kingdom of Goguryeo in 37 BCE. He is opposed by an established local chieftain named Songyang. After a series of confrontations between the two, Songyang ultimately surrenders when Jumong causes a great flood in his country.
1881:
1153:
1998:
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1318:
562:
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1355:. The smallpox god is so astounded by his mercy that he repents and agrees to never enter any house with Cheoyong's face on its gate. The people of Silla then attach portraits of Cheoyong to their gates. The story of Cheoyong is traditionally interpreted as the myth of a shaman or benevolent deity who wards off the spirit of pestilence, although the exact relationship between Cheoyong's song (which survives in two different versions) and Korean shamanic chants continues to be debated.
2055:. The East Coast and Gyeongsang tradition elaborates the most on Bari's quest, and portrays the guardian of the medicinal water as an exiled god who must have sons in order to return to heaven. The Jeolla tradition is the least detailed, and does not mention Bari dressing as a man. There is great diversity within regions. For instance, the aforementioned 1930s version mentions a wood of resurrection, although most other versions, including other west-central ones, involve a flower.
1966:) "the Great God." The myth is thus one in which an earthly woman is impregnated by a celestial male figure and gives birth to children who become the objects of worship. Scholars have noted parallels between the meeting of the girl and the priest and the meeting of Yuhwa and Haemosu in the Goguryeo founding myth, and between the triplets' quest to find their father and their subsequent attainment of divinity and Yuri's quest to find Jumong and his subsequent coronation as king.
1479:
150:
1388:
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the liquor float in the air even while the bottle shatters and falls—before the final flower contest. In the majority of narratives, the sun and moon double or disappear after Seokga's unjust victory, and the usurper is obliged to embark on a quest to restore cosmic order by retrieving the sun and moon or destroying the doubled ones. Only the northern tradition discusses the creation of humanity; according to one narrative, Mireuk grows insects into humans.
2253:, the jealous scholars murder Noga-danpung-agassi. The triplets visit their father for help, and the priest makes them abandon their previous life and initiates them into shamanism. The triplets hold the first shamanic rituals to successfully resurrect their mother, then become divine judges of the dead in order to bring justice to the scholars in the afterlife. When asked about the origin of a ritual, Jeju shamans respond that "it was done that way in the
875:
1295:. The nine chieftains of the country hear a strange voice announce that heaven has commanded it to found a kingdom there. After singing and dancing as commanded by the voice, a golden chest wrapped in red cloth descends from heaven. When the chieftains open it, they find six golden eggs. The eggs hatch into giant boys, who fully mature in merely two weeks. On the fifteenth day, the six each become kings of the six Gaya kingdoms. The first to hatch,
1424:, were opposed to shamanism and made significant efforts to eliminate the religion from the public sphere. As Koreans increasingly accepted the Joseon state's patriarchal and anti-shamanic ideology, shamanism became increasingly associated with women, who were also marginalized by the new social structure. It was in this restrained capacity as women's private religion, without public influence, that shamanism was still tolerated by Joseon society.
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parentage, the twins hold a contest to decide who will rule the human world and who the world of the dead. After two riddle contests, the younger twin wins the final flower contest through cheating and takes charge of the living. The realm of
Sobyeol-wang, the physical world where humans live, is full of suffering and disorder. But Daebyeol-wang establishes justice and order for his kingdom of the afterlife, where human souls go after death.
1034:
709:
1458:. Yet the parents' savior is not a son but a daughter—indeed, the very daughter that Bari's parents abandon at birth merely for being a girl. Later, Bari leaves her husband for her parents, although Confucian culture demands that women transfer their loyalties to their husband's family after marriage. The myth therefore can be interpreted to subvert the Confucian framework of patriarchy using the very values of Confucianism.
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which are memorized by shamans when they first learn the songs. For instance, a series of highly metaphoric descriptions of Bari's mother's pregnancies is found in all regions where the
Princess Bari myth is performed. On the other hand, shamans regularly add new content and reword phrases of the narratives, and the same shaman may even sing different variants of the same myth depending on the specific circumstances of the
2034:. In the majority of versions, the king and queen ask their six older daughters to go fetch the water, but all of them refuse. Desperate, the king and queen order Princess Bari to be found again. In other versions, the royal couple is told in a dream or a prophecy to find their daughter. In any case, Bari is brought to court. She agrees to go to the Western Heaven and departs, usually wearing the robes of a man.
480:, the country's indigenous religion, feature a diverse array of both gods and humans. They are recited in ritual contexts both to please the gods and to entertain the human worshippers. As oral literature, the shamanic narrative is regularly revised with each performance, although a certain degree of consistency is required; new narratives have appeared since the 1960s. It has frequently been at odds with the
2339:. While all the villagers crowded to the tree at this strange sound, the Japanese attacked. Finding the village abandoned, they suspected a trap and left. A few days later, the Japanese returned and attempted to cut down the tree, but the tree dropped giant branches on them and killed them all. The Japanese never dared approach the village afterwards. Ever since, locals have worshipped the tree as a god.
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tradition are frequently used. Hong Tae-han characterizes the west-central mythology as the most "solemn" of Korean shamanic narratives. This may be because Seoul shamans frequently held ceremonies in the royal palaces for queens and other court women, who would have expected dignity and gravity from the rituals. This region also has the fewest myths. The only specifically west-central narrative is
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version―she is allowed to return with the medicinal water and the flowers of resurrection. When she returns, she finds that her parents (or parent) have already died and that their funerals are being held. She interrupts the funeral procession, opens the coffin lids, and resurrects her parents with the flowers and cures them with the water. In most versions, the princess then attains divinity.
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2269:. The two marry and become village gods, but then separate, generally because the goddess cannot stand the god's foul habits or the stench of his meat. The goddess then gives birth to a third god, who is expelled from the island and goes on adventures abroad before returning to settle as the god of a different village. Many villages have only parts of this structure, so that the
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king the clan name of Bak. Hyeokgeose rules for sixty-one years and ascends to heaven. Seven days later, his dead body drops from the sky. The queen dies soon after. A giant snake prevents the people from holding a funeral until they dismember the body into five parts, which is why
Hyeokgeose has five different tombs.
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created the state of Silla with the support of local chieftains, while Seok Talhae stands for a maritime group that was defeated by Gaya and was integrated into the Silla state and Heo Hwang'ok preserves the historical memory of a merchant group that contributed to the establishment of the early
Geumgwan Gaya polity.
3190:, but their potential in popular culture is limited due to the small size of the corpus and the lack of thematic diversity. In recent years, the larger and more diverse shamanic mythology has also appeared in South Korean culture beyond its ritual context. The shamanic narrative best known in South Korea is the
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can truly go another three thousand leagues. When Bari responds that she will keep going even if she is to die, he gives her a silk flower, which turns a vast ocean into land for her to cross. She then liberates hundreds of millions of dead souls who are imprisoned in a towering fortress of thorns and steel.
1454:, though some may also simultaneously incorporate more mainstream thinking such as the Confucian virtues. The story of Princess Bari is a typical example. The myth centers on the princess's journey to the world of the dead to save her parents. The story is thus "an affirmation of a Confucian virtue," that of
855:, the king is generated from a physical object that descends from heaven, and then marries an earthly woman himself. In the northern myths, the demigod king succeeds his heavenly father or creates a new kingdom himself. In the south, the celestial being is crowned by the consensus of local chieftains.
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As in Jeju, mainland Korean villages are traditionally associated with specific guardian deities. The Joseon dynasty strongly promoted
Confucian-style worship for these gods over traditional shamanic practices. By the late nineteenth century, most important rituals for village gods were being held by
2119:
gives her a series of tasks in order to meet her husband again. This includes tearing out all her hair, twisting them into a rope, boring holes into her palms, and hanging from the rope in the middle of the air, with the rope passing through her palms, without screaming in pain; immersing her fingers
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The details of Bari's quest differ according to the version. In one of the oldest recorded narratives, recited by a shaman from near Seoul in the 1930s, she meets the Buddha after having gone three thousand leagues. Seeing through her disguise and remarking that she is a woman, the Buddha asks if she
1915:
In the northern and East Coast-Gyeongsang traditions, the family imprisons
Danggeum-aegi in a pit or stone chest, but she miraculously survives and always gives birth to triplet sons. Danggeum-aegi is then brought back to the family. In most versions, the triplets prove to be supernaturally talented,
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In the west-central and Jeolla traditions, they then expel her from the household. Danggeum-aegi successfully finds the priest and gives birth in his presence to sons, usually but not always triplets. The priest abandons
Buddhism and starts a family with her and the sons. In the Jeolla tradition, the
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The myth of Jumong is of the northern type, with
Haemosu as the celestial father and Yuhwa as the earthly woman. Contemporaneous Chinese sources report that Jumong and Yuhwa were both actively worshipped as gods by the Goguryeo people, including in rituals involving shamans. Like the Dangun myth, the
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respectively. But as the myths are otherwise unrelated to
Buddhism, they are believed to be indigenous gods whose original names were at some point replaced. The two gods fight two duels of supernatural power—such as making a river freeze in midsummer, or hitting a bottle of liquor midair and having
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As oral literature, shamanic narratives are also affected by both the received tradition and the performing shaman's original innovations. Many narratives have lengthy formulaic paragraphs and imagery that appear identically throughout multiple versions of the myth or even across multiple myths, and
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The foundation myths of Silla and Gaya are of the southern type, with the founder descending directly from heaven on vessels such as eggs and chests. The myths may also reflect real historical figures and processes. Hyeokgeose may therefore symbolize an ancient migration of northern horse-riders who
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tale of a good archer who crosses a river on the backs of fish and turtles to found a new kingdom in the south. However, this figure's mother is a slave-girl impregnated by an egg-like energy rather than a goddess who gives birth to a physical egg, and the figure himself founds the kingdom of Buyeo,
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The vast majority of mainland shamanic narratives are localized, being transmitted only in one or two specific regional traditions. South Hamgyong Province was particularly rich in these localized myths, with nine different narratives recited during the Mangmuk-gut funerary ritual alone. One of the
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When Bari finally arrives at the site of the medicinal water, she finds it defended by a supernatural guardian (of varying nature) who also knows that she is a woman, and obliges her to work for him and bear him sons. Once this is done―she may give birth to as many as twelve sons, depending on the
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Despite the Buddhist veneer, the priest has many attributes of a sky god. In various versions, the priest is said to live in the palace of the heavens, or to ride into his home in the clouds on a paper horse, or to take Danggeum-aegi with him on a journey to heaven using a rainbow as a bridge. Many
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In the Jeolla tradition, the priest then briefly grasps her wrist before leaving. In the west-central tradition, Danggeum-aegi eats three of the grains of rice that the priest has spilled. In the northern and East Coast-Gyeongsang traditions, the girl offers the priest lodging in her father's room,
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The northern and Jeju creation narratives share many elements. In both traditions, the universe is created with the division of heaven and earth, which were originally fused. A giant is often involved in the creation; in one northern narrative, the creator god Mireuk who cleaves heaven and earth is
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also stresses the sanctity of the myths to the point that the performing shaman always sings the stories while facing the sacrificial altar, turning their back towards the musicians and worshippers. The explicit purpose of the Jeju mythology, as expressed in many narratives directly, is to make the
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group in the entirety of Korea." The musicians go beyond simply providing background music and intervene directly in the performance, while the performing shaman actively interacts with the human audience. Non-shamanic music, such as folk songs or Buddhist hymns, is integrated into the narrative at
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The west-central tradition is the mythological tradition of Seoul and its environs, and is distinguished by a strong emphasis on the sacred nature of the narratives. The recitations are primarily addressed to the deity, not the physically present human worshippers. Formulaic phrases of the received
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Another genre of literary mythology are the origin myths of specific family lineages, which are recorded in genealogies. The motif of the founding ancestor's birth from a stone or golden chest also appears in the genealogies of many non-royal lineages. Other ancestor myths involve the coupling of a
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Some time later, a chicken-dragon gives birth to a beautiful girl with a chicken beak from its left rib. When they wash the girl in a nearby stream, the beak falls off. When the boy and the girl are both thirteen years old, the chieftains crown them as the first king and queen of Silla and give the
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story is also subject to euhemerized interpretations. For instance, Seo Daeseok argues that Haemosu symbolizes an ancient iron-using, agricultural sun-worshipping people, that Yuhwa was a member of a riverine group of hunters, farmers, and fishermen, and that Geumwa's polity centered on hunting and
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are about the patron gods of specific families or occupations; despite the name of the category, the god is often not perceived as an actual ancestor. They are known only by shamans from the family or occupation in question, and are thus poorly understood. Some analyses also include a small fourth
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Despite succeeding in all this, she can only temporarily be reunited with Dorang-seonbi. In one version, the husband drowns in an accident the same day he is revived. As he dies, he tells his wife to commit suicide so that they can meet again. Cheongjeong-gaksi hangs herself and is united with her
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The northern tradition is represented by only two versions, both from South Hamgyong, but feature remarkable differences. The princess does not reach the divine realm on her own, but through divine mercy. There, Bari steals the flowers of resurrection and flees. She suddenly dies at the end of the
2005:
Despite the large number of versions, most agree upon the basic story. The first major episode shared by almost all versions is the marriage of the king and queen. The queen gives birth to six consecutive daughters who are treated luxuriously. When she is pregnant a seventh time, the queen has an
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versions from Jeolla, the closest part of the mainland. After being supernaturally impregnated, the teenage Noga-danpung-agassi (the Jeju equivalent of the mainland Danggeum-aegi) is expelled from home and goes in search for the priest. But in Jeju, the priest sends her away to give birth to the
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and Jeju Island, the northernmost and southernmost peripheries respectively. The two peripheral mythologies are the most archaic. Several similar myths are found in both Hamgyong and Jeju despite the great distances involved, suggesting that the two mythologies both descend from a common ancient
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familiar to Western readers, the deities of Korean shamanic mythology exist mostly independently of each other. Each shamanic narrative establishes the nature and functions of the deities it is dedicated to, but there are few cases where gods that have previously appeared in their own narratives
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seeds as he returns to the heavens. The woman gives birth to the twins Daebyeol-wang and Sobyeol-wang. When the brothers grow up, they plant the gourd seeds, which grow into gigantic vines that stretch into heaven. The twins climb these vines to enter their father's realm. After verifying their
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gods most prominent in the East Coast-Gyeongsang tradition, covers entirely different themes from the tragic romance above. The narrative was traditionally performed to appease these dangerous deities during smallpox epidemics so they would inflict only light cases of the disease, and also to
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has also shifted to ritual places where only the shamans and the relevant worshippers are present, in contrast to the public participation that was traditional for the ceremonies. Most of these individual worshippers have little interest in the mythology itself, sometimes even leaving when the
1461:
All shamanic narratives meet the purposes of both religiosity and entertainment, albeit to varying degrees. Shamanic narratives are almost never sung in non-religious circumstances, and the ritual context is critical to a full understanding of the mythology. For instance, the story of Bari is
2311:
Nonetheless, many such stories reflect shamanic beliefs, such as the emphasis on appeasing sorrowful spirits. Like the shamanic narratives, village-shrine myths are closely associated with rituals dedicated to the god, often explaining the identity of the deity that is venerated. The village
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the frog-king, who has succeeded his adopted father in Eastern Buyeo. He keeps her in an annex of the palace. One day, sunlight falls on Yuhwa from the heavens, impregnating her. She gives birth to an egg from her left armpit, and a boy hatches from the egg. The boy is supernaturally potent,
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Korean shamanism is currently undergoing a major restructuring that is not favorable towards a lengthy performance of the mythology. The traditional village community-oriented ceremonies are in decline, while rituals commissioned by individual worshippers are on the rise. The setting of the
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myth has no clear source for its story, and researchers have noted an increase in narrative details from the 1970s to the 1990s. Several other shamanic narratives appear to have been adapted at some point from, or otherwise bear a close relation to, late Joseon-era vernacular literature.
607:
in content, these narratives are very different in function and content from the literary myths. The state-foundation myths are preserved only in writing, deprived of their original ritual context, and have existed in written form for centuries. By contrast, the shamanic narratives are
1723:
tradition do much to make their narratives entertaining for the human worshippers. Narratives are recited with an unusual level of detail, and the diversity of rhetorical techniques is unprecedented. Indeed, Hong Tae-han refers to the East Coast shaman families as "the most skilled
1113:, when Yuri is made heir, Jumong's two sons by a local wife are excluded from the kingship. These two brothers, Biryu and Onjo, migrate south to found their own kingdoms. Biryu sets up court in an unfavorable place, while Onjo founds Baekje in good terrain in what is now southern
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gods "giddy with delight" by retelling them the story of their lives and deeds. The island has the richest corpus of shamanic narratives. The island represents the only tradition where Princess Bari is unknown. The Jeju mythological tradition is also at risk, as the largest Jeju
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Lee Ji-young posits three types, by making the appearance of sky god that fathers the founder monarch in the northern myths into a separate type in which the founder descends directly from heaven. She concedes that this third type is generally combined with the northern-type
1189:
area convene to found a united kingdom. They see a strange light shining on a well. When they go there, they see a white horse kneeling. The horse ascends to heaven, leaving a large egg behind. The chieftains break open the egg and find a beautiful boy inside, who they name
1262:
Hogong appears prominently in the Kim foundation myth as well. One night, Hogong sees a great light in the woods. When he goes closer, he discovers a golden chest hanging from a tree and a white rooster crowing below. He opens the chest and discovers a boy, who he names
1985:
rituals held for the deceased. Princess Bari is therefore a goddess closely associated with funeral rites. Bari's exact role varies according to the version, sometimes failing to become a deity at all, but she is usually identified as the patron goddess of shamans, the
1546:
is therefore becoming increasingly shorter. As many new shamans now learn narratives from published books or recordings rather than being taught personally by a more experienced shaman as was traditional, the regional diversity of the mythology may also be in decline.
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husband in the afterlife. Some time later, they both become gods. Dorang-seonbi and Cheongjeong-gaksi were the most important of the deities invoked in the Mangmuk-gut funeral, and were even worshipped in Buddhist temples as second only to the Buddha himself.
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The Jeju creation myth does not show Buddhist influence. In Jeju, the sky god Cheonji-wang descends to earth some time after creation, often to punish an impious man named Sumyeong-jangja. There, he sleeps with an earthly woman and gives her the tokens of two
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and abducts Yuhwa, the oldest. The outraged river god challenges him to a shapeshifting duel but is bested. The river god concedes his defeat and allows Haemosu to marry Yuhwa, but after the marriage the former returns to the heavens without his wife.
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auspicious dream. The royal couple takes this as a sign that she is finally bearing a son and prepares the festivities. Unfortunately, the child is a girl. The disappointed king orders the daughter to be thrown away, dubbing her Bari, from Korean
1602:, which are both found throughout the Korean peninsula. Each of the five regions also has myths not found in the other regions, as well as distinctive tendencies in the actual performance of the narratives. The mythological tradition of southern
663:
narrative proved a model for future researchers. Recent trends in the study of Korean mythology since the 1990s include a greater focus on comparisons with neighboring mythologies, new research into the hitherto neglected village-shrine myths
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rite in which the shaman conveys messages directly from the gods to the worshipper. With the emergence of other forms of entertainment, the entertainment value of shamanic rituals has also declined. In at least Seoul, the performance of the
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but he refuses. He consecutively rejects her offer of every room in the mansion until she agrees to share her own room with him, where they have sex. In any case, the girl becomes pregnant. When her family returns, they attempt to kill her
940:, and tells them that they will become humans if they eat them and do not see sunlight for a hundred days. The two animals then fast, and the bear becomes a woman on the twenty-first day. The tiger fails to fast and remains an animal. The
2264:
are dedicated to the patron gods of one or multiple villages. Most fit a formulaic structure. In their most complete form, a carnivorous hunting god emerges from the hills of Jeju and an agricultural goddess arrives from overseas, often
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demands that a female Visitor have sex with him to cross. The goddess immediately kills him and consecutively kills six of his seven children with smallpox. When his wife begs for mercy, she lets the youngest live as a blind, immobile
996:, by establishing him as the ancestor of all Korean polities. By the twentieth century he had become accepted as the mythical founder of the Korean nation and plays an important role in the ideologies of both North and South Korea.
964:
symbols or mythological ancestors were a sky god, a bear, and a tiger respectively. The tiger-associated clan was somehow eliminated, but the bear clan joined the dominant sky god clan in the establishment of the Gojoseon polity.
959:
The Dangun myth is of the northern type, featuring the founder's birth from a celestial father (Hwanung) and an earthly mother (the bear). It is often interpreted as a mythicized account of interactions between three clans whose
558:), which recount the story of how a particular kingdom or dynasty was founded, although the category also includes other supernatural stories found in the historical chronicles as well as the origin myths of non-royal lineages.
1980:
narrative is found in all regions except Jeju. Roughly one hundred versions of the myth have been transcribed by scholars as of 2016, and around half of those since 1997. As of 1998, all known versions were sung only during
1635:, where ethnographic research is not feasible. Ethnologist Hong Tae-han calls it a grouping made for convenience's sake, as what regional diversity may have existed there is now inaccessible to scholarship. The religion of
691:, a Jeju shamanic narrative about a girl who goes in search for her parents and becomes a goddess, is either descended from or ancestral to a very similar mainland Korean folktale called the Fortune Quest. But because the
3285:
is used here in its academic sense, meaning "a traditional story consisting of events that are ostensibly historical, though often supernatural, explaining the origins of a cultural practice or natural phenomenon." It is
846:
The ancient (pre-Goryeo) state-foundation myths are classified into two major types, northern and southern, though both share the central motif of a king associated with the heavens. In the northern kingdoms of Gojoseon,
631:(1896–1989) pioneering the first studies of state-foundation myths. But research into the much richer oral corpus was minimal until the 1960s, when the study of the shamanic narratives was spearheaded by scholars such as
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narrative was interrupted ten times for giving inaccurate details until more experienced shamans demanded that he name the man who taught him. The shamanic mythology is thus unusually conservative for oral literature.
6805:
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men according to Confucian norms, complete with invocations in Chinese instead of Korean. The sacred stories associated with these gods are therefore not (or no longer) shamanic narratives, except in Jeju Island.
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in North Korea has virtually no shamanic mythology. The ritual and entertainment role played by mythical narratives in other regions is served by an unusually developed tradition of ceremonial dance and theater.
1074:
Haemosu, son of the sky god, descends to Haeburu's former capital in 59 BCE on a chariot steered by five dragons and founds a new kingdom there. One day, Haemosu encounters the three beautiful daughters of the
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narrative without becoming a goddess, and the mother that she resurrected dies soon after. Her divine role in funerals as the link between the living world and the afterlife is replaced by the local goddess
839:(1168–1241) mentions that both written and spoken forms of the Goguryeo foundation myth were known during his lifetime, even though the kingdom itself had fallen more than five centuries earlier. The modern
495:
The shamanic mythology is divided into five regional traditions, with each region having original narratives, as well as distinctive versions of pan-Korean narratives. The mythological tradition of southern
616:. They began to be published only in 1930, centuries after the first attestation of the literary myths. Unlike the historicized accounts of the literary myths, shamans's songs feature elements such as the
1609:
A characteristic of Korean mythology is that the corpus is poorest in and near the capital of Seoul—the traditional political, economic, and cultural center of the country—and largest and most diverse in
581:), which is "incomparably" richer than the literary tradition in both sheer quantity of material and the diversity of themes and content. The oral mythology primarily consists of the shamanic narratives (
3218:, a novel set in the modern day about a girl named Bari, whose life parallels the myth of her divine namesake. Other shamanic narratives have also recently entered popular culture, notably in the 2010s
695:
is a sacred story about a goddess, unlike the Fortune Quest, the former is a myth and the latter is not. Some Korean myths are mythicized folktales, while many Korean folktales are desacralized myths.
1639:
may form a coherent shamanic tradition independent of other northern shamanism. The South Hamgyong mythology includes a large corpus of unique shamanic narratives, of which the most important is the
2327:, Pyo In-ju divides the myths into two major categories, depending on whether the god is identified as a natural object or a human spirit. The most prominent natural objects in the myths are trees,
944:
prays for a child at the sacred tree, and Hwanung grants her wish by becoming a human to marry her. She gives birth to a boy named Dangun Wanggeom, who founds the kingdom of Gojoseon at the site of
1896:
All versions share the following basic narrative structure. Danggeum-aegi is the virgin daughter of a nobleman. When her parents and brothers are temporarily absent, a Buddhist priest comes on an
43:
Early 19th-century painting depicting thirty-two shamanic deities. The three young gods in white wearing conical caps (bottom center) are the Jeseok triplets, gods of fertility that appear in the
1343:
to the point that Grayson calls its compiler, Iryeon, "the first Korean folklorist." Some of these stories reflect shamanic mythology. One example is the tale of Cheoyong. Cheoyong, a son of the
1229:). When he was born in the form of an egg, his father put him inside the chest and sent him away to found his own kingdom abroad. Having settled in Silla, Seok steals the house of the aristocrat
1900:
to her house. Danggeum-aegi gives alms in the form of rice, but the priest usually stalls for time by spilling all the rice that she gives, so that she must pick them up and offer them again.
1796:
2078:, who starved to death in a rice chest in 1762. According to modern Seoul shamans, an older version of the narrative had much jargon that was specific to the Korean court. Parallels to the
2015:"to throw away." In some versions, she must be abandoned two or three times because she is protected by animals the first and second times. The girl is then rescued by a figure such as the
2273:
ends with the marriage or even involves only the emergence or arrival of the deity. Many Jeju village gods are also thought to be related to one another. Among the most important village
2049:. The west-central tradition is marked by strong Buddhist influence. The rescuer is always the Buddha, who brings her to be raised by an old childless couple who are said to desire good
1267:. Alji is brought to court and made the Silla king's heir, but he later abdicates his position. Alji would become the mythical founder of the Kim clan, which would later monopolize the
1176:. At some point the Seok were eliminated from power, and all Silla monarchs from then on were children of a Kim father and a Bak mother. All three clans have associated founding myths.
3414:
The narrative is also found in the Jeolla tradition and occasionally in the west-central tradition, but always in an incomplete form without the Visitors' struggles with Kim-jangja.
2177:
1808:. The most complete creation narratives are found in the northern and Jeju traditions, although one is known from the west-central tradition. Several East Coast versions of the
1829:
Nonetheless, the northern and Jeju creation myths differ significantly in structure. In the north, the two protagonists are the creator Mireuk and the usurper Seokga. Both are
720:. They include the founder's supernatural birth, the story of how the founder came to create his kingdom, and his miraculous death or departure. They are often interpreted as
6848:
5908:
5906:
1427:
Despite the continued presence of shamanism as a significant force in Korean religious life, a cultural ambivalence regarding it persists. As of 2016, the capital of
984:
Dangun appears to have been worshipped only locally in the Pyongyang area until the thirteenth century, when intellectuals attempted to bolster the legitimacy of the
3359:"Jeseok" is found everywhere except in the East Coast-Gyeongsang tradition, where other theonyms such as "Sejon" are used. Both Jeseok and Sejon are Buddhist names;
2277:
is thus the one dedicated to the gods of Songdang shrine, who are the parents or grandparents of 424 guardian gods of various villages and locations on the island.
7815:————————— (2019). "A Meeting of Extremes: The Symbiosis of Confucians and Shamans". In Ro, Young-chan (ed.).
2354:) which has remained in the human world after death because of their grief or resentment, for instance because they were murdered or because they died as a child.
8005:
1923:
is often linked to the creation narrative, with the usurper Seokga being the same god as the priest who impregnates Danggeum-aegi. According to Hong Tae-han, the
1139:
rather than that of Goguryeo. The Goguryeo foundation myth thus incorporates the myths of Haemosu and Yuri and the Buyeo foundation myth into a single narrative.
38:
1391:
A shaman (in orange) holding a ritual for three noblewomen and their servants. Early 19th century. They meet in secret, perhaps without the husband's knowledge.
1237:, a descendant of Hyeokgeose. He succeeds his father-in-law as king and founds the Seok clan. After his death, he becomes the patron god of a local mountain. A
1865:
is the only truly pan-Korean myth, being found in all five regional traditions. The mainland versions of the narrative recount the origins of the Jeseok gods,
1912:
myth ends here without anybody becoming gods. In the west-central tradition, the priest confers divinity upon his sons with Danggeum-aegi as the Jeseok gods.
2396:
546:, to the point that it is often difficult to differentiate between historical fact and mythology. The primary literary myths are the state-foundation myths (
7979:
3324:
1641:
1489:
Unlike the literary mythology, the shamanic mythology is a living tradition capable of creating new narratives. In the 1960s, an unknown shaman in eastern
461:, where the founder begins as an object descended from the heavens, and himself marries an earthly woman. Other literary myths include the origin myths of
7900:
3322:
Some narratives are more supportive of mainstream ideologies such as patriarchal gender roles, while others are more subversive. Cho Hyun-soul gives the
340:
933:), where he and his three thousand followers found the "Sacred City." With the gods of wind, rain, and cloud, Hwanin supervises various human affairs.
1420:
dynasty (1392–1910), the attitude of the Korean population towards the traditional religion has been ambivalent. The Joseon, whose state ideology was
851:, and Goguryeo, the founding monarch is born from the coupling of a celestial male figure and an earthly woman. In the southern kingdoms of Silla and
2120:
in oil for three years, then praying while setting them on fire; and, finally, paving rough mountain roads with only what remains of her bare hands.
7536:
7342:
6766:
6676:
6621:
6216:
149:
6948:[The shifting representative regime and the place of the novel: The significance of the incorporation of shamanic narrative in Hwang Sogyong's
2030:
Once Bari has grown, one or both of her parents fall gravely ill. They learn that the disease can only be cured through medicinal water from the
1209:
for unspecified reasons. There is a giant chest in the ship, and when they open it they find slaves, treasures, and a young boy inside. The boy,
7785:————————— (2007). "Creation of the World and Suffering". In Buswell Jr., Robert E. (ed.).
1522:
Cross-cultural similarities have also been noted between Korean shamanic narratives and other East Asian myths, in particular the mythology of
7826:
7796:
7766:
7736:
7694:——————— (2003). "May the Gods Strike You Dead! Healing Through Subversion in Shamanic Narratives".
7624:
7594:
7476:
6998:
6610:
1927:
was probably originally episodes in a longer narrative centering on the deeds of the creator god, as still seen today in the South Hamgyong
1205:
also records the Seok and Kim foundation myths. In the first, a ship surrounded by magpies lands on the Silla coast after sailing away from
2070:
has traditionally had an informal association with the royal court, and there is some evidence that its performance was patronized by King
2207:
feature the guardian gods of a specific village, and are known only by shamans from the relevant village and its neighbors. The ancestral
1506:, recited in order to ward off eye disease. The new myth has since become very popular in the region. Another apparently new myth is the
1443:
as well as practitioners of shamanism—avoid discussing their shamanic worship and sometimes disparage their own beliefs as superstition.
3171:
3056:
3028:
2181:
Shamanic ritual in Jeju Island. They are said to be the same as the ones the triplets performed to resurrect Noga-danpung-agassi in the
936:
A bear and a tiger then ask that Hwanung turn them into humans. The god gives the animals twenty pieces of garlic and a clump of sacred
1782:
rituals—which take fourteen days to complete—are seldom fully held nowadays. Several myths are already no longer performed by shamans.
777:
are also important contemporaneous sources for myths; these include not only the official dynastic histories such as the third-century
8175:
1749:
tradition is characterized by the reduced importance of the pan-Korean narratives, and the greater prominence of two other myths: the
516:, about a princess who is abandoned by her father for being a girl and who later resurrects her dead parents with the flower of life.
453:, where the founder is the son of a celestial male figure and an earthly female figure, and southern, such as that of the kingdom of
7862:
7274:
6885:
6806:"'Bari gongju'-wa 'Nisyan syameon' bigyo yeon'gu: yeoja-imyeonseo syameon-euro saneun unmyeong-jeok paereodokseu-reul jungsim-euro"
6424:
6315:
2203:
are known by all shamans, and involve deities with universal functions who are worshipped throughout the island. The village-shrine
1535:
narrative begins, but are very invested in ceremonies specifically related to themselves or their friends and family, such as the
1117:. The former dies of shame when he learns that his brother's kingdom is flourishing, and the remnants of his people join Baekje.
5915:, pp. 14 (general summary), 27 (miraculous birth of triplets from armpits), 32-35 (first shamanic rituals and resurrection).
2988:
917:," and gives him three unspecified treasures to take with him to earth. Hwanung descends beneath a sacred tree on Mount Taebaek (
185:
1645:, centering on a woman who attempts to meet her beloved husband after his death. Other notable South Hamgyong myths include the
1908:
but fail, sometimes because rocks and earth fall on top of her parents and brothers while celestial light shines on the girl.
1306:, the two engage in a shapeshifting duel, after which Seok acknowledges defeat and flees to Silla. A beautiful princess named
799:
narrating the kingdom's foundation myth from the perspective of the Goguryeo people themselves. The oldest of the five is the
7954:
7893:
7755:
Walraven, Boudewijn (2001). "Popular Religion in a Confucianized Society". In Kim Haboush, Jahyun; Deuchler, Martina (eds.).
7492:
7290:
7021:
6447:
2578:
2541:
832:
should be seen as having a narrative at all. As the Joseon were the final Korean dynasty, there are no newer founding myths.
333:
100:
2342:
Village gods identified as the spirits of humans are often the founder of the village, or alternatively a sorrowful spirit (
2850:
1997:
1490:
1374:
father, while the Changnyeong Jo are thought to descend from the offspring of a Silla noblewoman and the son of a dragon.
1314:
has commanded her father to marry her to Suro, and the two become king and queen. They both live for more than 150 years.
843:
shamanic narrative has many structural parallels to the Goguryeo myth and may be a direct descendant of the ancient tale.
779:
2143:
forestall potential epidemics. In a typical version performed in 1987, three of the Visitors, a group of male and female
8010:
3013:
2978:
2115:. The myth centers on a woman named Cheongjeong-gaksi, who is devastated by the death of her husband Dorang-seonbi. The
394:. There are two types: the written, literary mythology in traditional histories, mostly about the founding monarchs of
7250:
6553:
3023:
2401:
2336:
2097:
1880:
1818:
1436:
1310:
then arrives on a ship with red sails, bearing great wealth from a distant kingdom called Ayuta. Heo tells Suro that
2242:
triplets alone. Unlike in Jeolla, but like in the northern and eastern traditions, the triplets grow up fatherless.
7923:
6129:
3018:
2771:
2291:
1791:
617:
258:
3184:
The state-foundation myths have been adapted into several South Korean TV series, such as the popular 2006 series
981:
is a younger son like Hwanung. Grayson also notes Siberian myths where a bear is the mother of a tribal ancestor.
8180:
8165:
7886:
2668:
2313:
989:
974:
717:
395:
326:
133:
2102:
8170:
3385:"world-honored" is an East Asian epithet of the Buddha. The worship of Sejon is also associated with fertility.
3116:
2223:
are clearly related to mainland narratives but have distinctive Jeju characteristics. A typical example is the
2084:
659:(born 1942), who established the literary study of the shamanic narratives and whose comprehensive work on the
1500:
826:
by the succeeding Joseon dynasty, is sometimes seen as the Joseon foundation myth, but it is debated whether
8000:
7984:
7964:
7643:
Pettid, Michael J. (2000). "Late Choson Society as Reflected in a Shamanistic Narrative: An Analysis of the
6378:[The relationship between the village-shrine myth of Soya and village ritual and its significance].
3195:
3164:
1636:
1611:
1440:
1302:
Later, Suro is challenged by the Seok clan's founder Seok Talhae. According to the history of Gaya given in
1238:
1128:
The Jumong myth is first attested in the fifth-century Gwanggaeto Stele, but the first-century Chinese text
993:
302:
7194:
1507:
1152:
8058:
7969:
7959:
7949:
3133:
3001:
2973:
2653:
2588:
1730:
1681:
1517:
for the first time in 1974 despite not being attested when the same ritual was held in 1966 and 1969. The
1014:
774:
450:
377:
114:
8015:
3096:
2917:
2855:
2658:
2324:
1169:
1165:
640:
6677:"'Woncheon'gang bon-puri'-ui unmyeong-gwan yeon'gu: 'Gubok yeohaeng' seolhwa-wa daebi-reul tong-hayeo"
3330:
3199:
2813:
510:—who was probably originally a sky god—and gives birth to triplets who themselves become gods; and the
8109:
3260:
3101:
3063:
2912:
2845:
2840:
2818:
2648:
2618:
2551:
2449:
2414:
1347:, arrives in the Silla court where he marries a beautiful woman. One night, he goes home to find the
1173:
500:
is especially divergent. The two narratives found in all and all but one region respectively are the
7507:[Searching for directions in the popularization of shamanism and scholarship on shamanism].
7120:
7085:
6523:
1757:
1664:
648:
524:
Korean mythology comprises two distinct corpora of literature. The first is the literary mythology (
7501:
7387:
7343:"Joseon Yeongjo-jo mudang-ui sahoe-jeok wisang: munyeo Dokgabbang-e daehan girok-eul jungsim-euro"
7299:
7030:
6903:
6488:
6372:
6156:
3223:
3006:
2993:
2681:
2583:
2521:
2434:
2374:
1470:. A certain degree of consistency is nonetheless expected; in one case, a Jeju shaman reciting the
458:
7583:
Bruno, Antonetta Lucia (2007). "Sending Away the Smallpox Gods". In Buswell Jr., Robert E. (ed.).
7502:"Musok daejung-hwa-ui banghyang-gwa musok yeongu-ui banghyang chatgi: Seoul-gut-eul jungsim-euro"
7426:
6334:"Hamgyeong-do musok seosa-si yeon'gu: "Dorang-seonbae Cheongjeong-gaksi norae"-reul jungsim-euro"
1699:
1658:
632:
8124:
7974:
7711:
7680:
7672:
7486:
7284:
7015:
6711:
6656:
6441:
3245:
3186:
3157:
3068:
3051:
2865:
2825:
2781:
2753:
2628:
2598:
2593:
2531:
2526:
2506:
2496:
2474:
2439:
2418:
2391:
2381:
2316:, that the local guardian god accurately predicted which soldiers from the village would survive
1800:
10th-century Korean statue of Maitreya Buddha, or Mireuk, for whom the northern creator is named.
1716:
1646:
1352:
763:
656:
2713:
2633:
1623:
1317:
1244:
very similar to the Seok Talhae myth is transmitted by modern shamans in the southern island of
1729:
appropriate moments. Characteristic regional narratives include a very detailed account of the
1048:, is childless. One day, he finds a boy in the shape of a golden frog (Korean pronunciation of
7858:
7822:
7792:
7762:
7732:
7703:
7664:
7620:
7590:
7555:
7516:
7472:
7441:
7406:
7367:
7322:
7270:
7219:
7174:
7139:
7100:
7045:
6994:
6961:
6918:
6881:
6840:
6785:
6746:
6703:
6648:
6606:
6568:
6559:[A study on the genres of orally transmitted stories and their mutual relationships].
6503:
6420:
6387:
6352:
6311:
6278:
6239:
6196:
6148:
3240:
3231:. However, much of the shamanic mythology remains largely unknown to the South Korean public.
2902:
2890:
2870:
2835:
2733:
2723:
2718:
2676:
2613:
2536:
2516:
2511:
2501:
2486:
2464:
2444:
2410:
2386:
2127:
In a testimony to the diversity of Korean mythology, the localized narrative of the Visitors (
2071:
2060:
2001:
Princess Bari holding the flower of resurrection. Painting for shamanic rituals, 18th century.
1478:
1049:
740:
623:
The academic study of Korean mythology began with the literary myths, with historians such as
561:
418:
178:
6482:]. Han'guk gojeon munhak jeonjip. Research Institute of Korean Studies, Korea University.
6466:]. Han'guk gojeon munhak jeonjip. Research Institute of Korean Studies, Korea University.
1873:, the goddess of childbirth. As of the year 2000, there were sixty-one known versions of the
683:
The oral mythology is always religious, and must be distinguished from the broader corpus of
8053:
7656:
7357:
7209:
7159:
7076:
6938:
6832:
6731:
6695:
6640:
6333:
6259:
6231:
6188:
6173:
3255:
3250:
3128:
2983:
2907:
2885:
2880:
2875:
2830:
2791:
2786:
2763:
2706:
2686:
2663:
2643:
2623:
2459:
2454:
2424:
2406:
2225:
1537:
1523:
1451:
1421:
1406:
1284:
1206:
1099:
970:
800:
620:, the ascent of human individuals to divinity, and divine retribution upon impious mortals.
481:
477:
141:
2312:
mythology is also a living one. For example, it is now believed in the village of Soya, in
1022:
written by the poet Yi Gyu-bo in 1193. Yi's work is much longer and more detailed than the
727:
The oldest surviving accounts of the founding myths of the ancient Korean kingdoms—such as
445:. State-foundation myths are further divided into northern, such as that of the kingdom of
8114:
6622:"Han'guk musok-ui sin'gyeok yeon'gu sam: Jeju-do ilban-sin bon-puri-ui sin'gyeok yeon'gu"
3123:
2922:
2860:
2748:
2738:
2728:
2701:
2693:
2638:
2573:
2563:
2556:
2546:
2479:
2469:
2429:
2007:
1725:
1703:, explaining the origins of the patron god of the household. In the city of Seoul itself,
1592:
1570:
1555:
1551:
1396:
949:
828:
818:
769:
684:
644:
609:
507:
502:
399:
357:
17:
2189:
The Jeju tradition has the richest mythology. Its corpus of shamanic narratives, called
1559:
interact with each other. It is thus not possible to establish a genealogy of the gods.
773:. These texts were compiled on the basis of earlier sources that are now lost. Several
417:
state-foundation myths representing the bulk of the literary mythology are preserved in
8048:
8043:
3343:
The village guardian gods of Jeju Island, who form kinship networks, are excluded here.
3211:
2806:
2801:
2758:
2743:
2603:
2491:
2031:
1870:
1191:
6991:
Jeju Shamanism and Narrative Shamanic Hymns/The Ethnological Study of Korean Mythology
886:, the earliest Korean kingdom, is first recorded in two nearly contemporaneous works:
810:
dynasty, which ruled Korea from the tenth to the fourteenth centuries, is recorded in
8159:
8144:
8025:
7684:
7616:
Myths and Legends from Korea: An Annotated Compendium of Ancient and Modern Materials
6772:[The characteristics and significance of the shamanic mythology of Im Seok-jae's
6715:
6660:
6627:[Study on the deities of Korean shamanism, 3: The deities of Jeju Island general
2950:
2940:
2895:
2328:
2079:
1953:
1905:
1866:
1805:
1669:
1598:
1351:
god having sex with his wife. Rather than punish the intruder, Cheoyong only sings a
1323:
1292:
1280:
1234:
978:
948:. Dangun rules for fifteen centuries, then departs from the kingdom when the Chinese
852:
636:
624:
512:
438:
292:
6533:
The transmission, distribution, and cultural regions of descent group-ancestor myths
4922:
1446:
Reflecting this ambivalence, shamanism and its mythology are often characterized as
1405:—the Korean term for large-scale shamanic rituals—which constitute the mythology of
1087:
The river god sends Yuhwa into exile. She is captured by a fisherman and brought to
1033:
835:
State foundation myths were once also narrated orally, perhaps by shamans. The poet
536:) recorded in the traditional Korean histories, such as the thirteenth-century work
7928:
7073:
The aspects and significance of shamanic narratives' adaptation of classical novels
3073:
2317:
1823:
1631:
The northern tradition is poorly understood because all of its area is now part of
1455:
1410:
1401:
1387:
1307:
1296:
1210:
1064:
914:
708:
599:
407:
214:
7091:[The use of shamanic narratives in creative production and storytelling].
6767:"Im Seokjae-ui "Gwanbuk jibang muga"-e natanan musok sinhwa-ui teukjing-gwa uiui"
6339:[Study of the shamanic narrative poetry of Hamgyong Province: Focusing on the
2045:
Each of the four mainland regional traditions feature distinctive elements of the
1063:) and adopts him as his son. Some time later, Haeburu moves his court towards the
874:
795:, written in 80 CE. In the case of Goguryeo, there are also five Chinese-language
543:
506:, featuring a girl who in most versions is impregnated by a supernaturally potent
414:
7852:
7816:
7786:
7756:
7726:
7614:
7584:
6981:
6868:
6699:
6407:
6298:
6235:
6192:
4928:
4916:
1291:
preserves the foundation myth of one of the most powerful Gaya kingdoms, that of
743:
in Korean texts compiled during or after the twelfth century. Such texts include
6836:
6222:[Current and prospective issues in the study of Korean oral mythology].
3203:
2955:
2106:
A smallpox goddess (not necessarily the one in the narrative) with two retainers
2075:
1751:
1632:
1603:
1495:
1268:
1245:
1181:
1122:
785:
757:
751:
745:
652:
628:
538:
497:
429:
423:
307:
230:
204:
164:
90:
87:
69:
66:
7500:—————————— (2016).
7460:—————————— (2016).
7425:—————————— (2016).
7386:—————————— (2013).
7341:—————————— (2008).
7298:—————————— (2008).
7084:—————————— (2017).
7064:—————————— (2014).
6332:—————————— (1999).
6179:[Ritual function and mythical meaning of <Cheonjiwang-bonpuli>].
1688:
condoned by the state, but the old songs and chants are no longer transmitted.
8129:
8020:
7362:
7214:
3106:
2945:
2286:
2148:
1991:
1987:
1885:
1838:
1762:
1720:
1447:
1279:
Until their conquest by Silla in the sixth century, the delta of the southern
1080:
966:
721:
612:
that is "living mythology," sacred religious truth to the participants of the
489:
485:
7707:
7668:
7559:
7520:
7445:
7410:
7371:
7326:
7223:
7178:
7143:
7104:
7049:
6965:
6922:
6844:
6789:
6750:
6707:
6652:
6572:
6507:
6391:
6356:
6282:
6243:
6200:
6152:
2199:), is divided into three or four categories. The approximately dozen general
2019:(who regrets upon seeing her that he cannot take a woman as his disciple), a
1435:
are held on most days of the year. Yet when in public, many worshipers—often
8094:
8089:
8084:
6737:[The social context of the literary canonization of the Bari myth].
3078:
2332:
2246:
2153:
1514:
1264:
1068:
1026:, but much of this may be due to the poet's own literary embellishment. The
1019:
945:
836:
473:
297:
239:
7469:
Forms per type and principles of performances in Korean shamanic narratives
8134:
8079:
8035:
7660:
7086:"Seosa muga-ui kontencheu hwaryong yuhyeong-gwa seutoritelling yangsang"
3207:
3143:
3111:
2568:
2172:
2147:
gods living in China, decide to visit Korea one day. The ferryman on the
2144:
2139:
1929:
1834:
1830:
1774:
1734:
1673:
1348:
1344:
1186:
1041:
1012:, the oldest surviving work of Korean history, compiled in 1145, and the
1005:
883:
812:
732:
728:
677:
446:
221:
7676:
7462:
Han'guk seosa muga-ui yuhyeong-byeol jonjae yangsang-gwa yeonhaeng wolli
7348:[The social status of shamans in the Yeongjo period of Joseon].
6909:[Regional characteristics of northern and Jeju creation myths].
8139:
7715:
6904:"Bukbu-hyeong-gwa Jeju-hyeong changse-sinhwa-ui jiyeok-jeok teukseong"
6644:
3356:
3219:
1311:
1130:
961:
941:
937:
902:
791:
724:
accounts of actual events that happened during the kingdom's founding.
462:
391:
7393:[The significance of the shift in the dominant group in the Seoul
6983:
Jeju-do musok-gwa seosa-muga/Han'guk sinhwa-ui minsok-hak-jeok yeon'gu
6939:"Byeonhwa-haneun jaehyeon cheje-wa soseol-ui jari: Hwang Seogyeong-ui
1370:"fish") claim descent from a man who was born to a human mother and a
105:
8119:
8104:
8099:
8074:
7944:
6174:"'Cheonji-wang bon-puri'-ui uirye-jeok gineung-gwa sinhwa-jeok uimi"
3138:
2296:
2250:
2020:
2016:
1961:
1869:
that guarantee fortune and agricultural prosperity, as well as often
1746:
1737:. The region currently has the most vigorous mythological tradition.
1417:
1230:
1106:
1093:
1088:
1076:
985:
906:
891:
869:
807:
796:
594:
442:
434:
403:
312:
273:
265:
58:
6600:
The Mythological and Literary Nature of the Jeju Shamanic Narrative
5542:
5540:
5371:
5369:
4909:
2335:, for example, a local tree is said to have wept one day during the
1668:
narrative, about three boys who take vengeance on their murderer by
1251:
969:
James H. Grayson draws connections to the Japanese foundation myth.
913:), desires to rule the human world. Hwanin sees that his son could "
816:, the official dynastic history published in the fifteenth century.
716:
State-foundation myths narrate the life of the first ruler of a new
603:, religious ceremonies in which shamans invoke the gods. While also
7878:
7761:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center. pp. 160–199.
4761:
4759:
3313:, acknowledges inconsistencies between the Silla and Gaya accounts.
6525:
Seongssi sijo sinhwa-ui jeonseung-gwa bunpo geurigo munhwagwonyeok
3371:
3046:
2266:
2176:
2160:
2051:
2024:
1889:
1847:
1795:
1627:
Regional divisions in the shamanic mythology (borders approximate)
1483:
1428:
1316:
1161:
1135:
1114:
1045:
910:
848:
736:
560:
466:
454:
387:
367:
79:
7165:[Goddess narratives and the production of subjectivity].
6808:<바리공주>와 <니샨샤면> 비교 연구－'여자'이면서 '샤먼'으로 사는 운명적 패러독스를 중심으로
4224:
4222:
4161:
4159:
2233:
but with a very different ritual function. The early part of the
1590:), representing the primary variations of the two narratives the
1567:
The shamanic mythology is divided into five regional traditions (
7200:[Shamans of the North: The story of a shaman defector].
7036:[Study on Princess Bari's death in the Gwanbuk region].
3281:
3214:—one of the country's most important living novelists—published
2365:
1897:
1662:, in which a husband and wife become the gods of money; and the
1371:
956:
to rule over Korea. The king ultimately becomes a mountain god.
953:
604:
7882:
7791:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 244–258.
7589:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 259–284.
4976:
4974:
3198:
since the 1990s, who highlighted the myth's characteristics as
1092:
including shooting down flies with a bow—for which he is named
484:
of Korean society, and its mythology is often characterized as
6878:
The Reality and Understanding of Korean State-foundation Myths
4908:
The brief summaries of myths are from relevant entries in the
4530:
4528:
4419:
4417:
6217:"Han'guk gubi sinhwa yeon'gui-ui donghyang-gwa geu jeonmang"
5737:
5735:
5332:
5330:
3587:
3585:
1213:, reveals that he is a prince of a country called Yongseong (
7728:
Ethnic Nationalism in Korea: Genealogy, Politics, and Legacy
6554:"Gujeon iyagi-ui gallae-wa sangho gwangye-e daehan yeon'gu"
6260:"Goryeo Cheoyong-ga-ui muga-jeok seonggyeok-e daehan jaego"
5010:
5008:
4827:
4825:
7854:
Songs of the Shaman: The Ritual Chants of the Korean Mudang
6373:"Soya dang sinhwa-ui dongje-ui sanggwanseong-gwa geu uimi"
4788:
4786:
1684:
in 2008, shamanism is widespread in modern North Korea and
676:) that involve the patron god of one specific village, and
7821:. Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer. pp. 310–335.
3699:
3697:
3328:
as an example of a myth supportive of patriarchy, and the
3202:. The goddess has since appeared in mediums as diverse as
1937:
follows the creation narrative are thus the most archaic.
1715:
In contrast to the west-central tradition, shamans of the
1179:
The Bak foundation myth is given in the fullest detail in
6732:"Bari sinhwa gojeon-hwa gwajeong-ui sahoe-jeok maengnak"
5300:, pp. 113-116 (riddles), 150-154 (ultimate results).
5113:
5111:
5109:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4989:
1755:, about a rich man who evades the gods of death, and the
119:
7432:[The tying and the untying in Seoul shamanism].
7300:"Hwanghae-do gus-ui muga: Manse-baji-reul jungsim-euro"
7195:"Buknyeok-ui mudang-deul: eoneu talbuk munyeo-ui iyagi"
5363:, pp. 282 (number), 336 (Jeju as highly divergent).
3798:
3796:
3548:
3546:
1941:
versions refer to the priest or his temple as "Golden" (
1884:
Painting of the Jeseok triplets at a shamanic shrine in
1822:(180 liters) and to have worn robes with sleeves twenty
1806:
discuss the creation and primordial history of the world
7031:"Gwanbuk-jiyeok Bari-gongju-ui jugeum-e daehan gochal"
3616:
3614:
3612:
2216:," which are no longer ritually performed by shamans.
1233:
through deceit and marries the eldest daughter of the
1053:
7010:. Anthology of Chang's papers from the 1960s onwards.
6945:변화하는 재현 체제와 소설의 자리-황석영의 <바리데기>에 나타난 서사무가 수용의 의미
6436:. Anthology of Seo's papers from the 1980s and 1990s.
1339:
Many other supernatural stories are contained in the
1164:
kingdom was originally dominated by three clans: the
7066:
Seosa muga-ui gojeon soseol suyong yangsang-gwa uimi
3635:, pp. 18–24, passim, also see discussion below.
3400:
3380:
3365:
2349:
2133:
2010:
1947:
1585:
1365:
1109:
is also linked to the Jumong myth. According to the
1058:
671:
588:
576:
553:
531:
381:
8067:
8034:
7993:
7937:
7916:
6265:[A reconsideration of the nature of the Goryeo
1765:. As of 2002, the Jeolla mythology was in decline.
542:. The myths contained in these volumes are heavily
113:
99:
78:
57:
52:
1761:, featuring seven brothers who become gods of the
1707:is the only shamanic narrative that is performed.
651:(1931–2016), who published a vast encyclopedia of
7247:Study on the village-shrine myths of South Jeolla
6471:서대석 (Seo Daeseok); 박경신 (Park Gyeong-sin) (2006).
6455:서대석 (Seo Daeseok); 박경신 (Park Gyeong-sin) (1996).
1877:, excluding the highly divergent Jeju versions.
1037:The Korean Peninsula in the early 1st century CE
898:, a Chinese-language epic poem written in 1287.
569:The second corpus is the modern oral mythology (
6679:<원천강본풀이>의 운명관 연구－<구복여행> 설화와 대비를 통하여
1004:The foundation myth of the northern kingdom of
909:(who the monk identifies with the Buddhist god
8006:Brother and sister who became the Sun and Moon
7537:"Gangneung-jiyeok yeo-seonang-sinhwa yeon'gu"
7121:"Yongbieocheon'ga-ui jangreu-jeok seonggyeok"
1499:, a story involving a blind man, into the new
1105:The foundation of the southwestern kingdom of
7894:
7857:. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
5849:
5837:
5825:
5813:
5801:
5789:
5678:
5606:
5594:
5546:
5519:
5411:
3290:being used to mean "something that is false".
3165:
2111:most popular myths in South Hamgyong was the
410:and which are still considered sacred today.
334:
8:
7818:Dao Companion to Korean Confucian Philosophy
3395:
3375:
3360:
2343:
2194:
2128:
1952:), which may be a corruption of the archaic
1942:
1919:In the northern and eastern traditions, the
1580:
1360:
687:, which might be secular. For instance, the
665:
582:
570:
547:
525:
371:
361:
85:
64:
7731:. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
6870:Han'guk geon'guk sinhwa-ui silsang-gwa ihae
6130:"Jeju-do teuksu bon-puri-e daehan yeon'gu"
3325:Song of Dorang-seonbi and Cheongjeong-gaksi
2331:, and rocks. In the village of Jangdong in
2323:In a study of 94 village-shrine myths from
2113:Song of Dorang-seonbi and Cheongjeong-gaksi
1933:narrative. The northern versions where the
1652:, which combines the creation myth and the
1642:Song of Dorang-seonbi and Cheongjeong-gaksi
1431:alone has hundreds of ritual places, where
1214:
918:
822:, a poem published around the same time as
7901:
7887:
7879:
7758:Culture and the State in Late Chosŏn Korea
6993:]. Jang Ju-geun jeojakjip. Minsogwon.
3351:
3349:
3172:
3158:
2361:
1672:as his sons. By contrast, the province of
890:, a history compiled by the Buddhist monk
789:, but also more general texts such as the
341:
327:
128:
7388:"Seoul-gut judo-jipdan byeonhwa-ui uimi"
7361:
7213:
5714:
6336:함경도 무속서사시 연구－<도랑선배 청정각시 노래>를 중심으로－
6105:
6093:
6057:
6045:
5985:
5961:
5949:
5937:
5897:
5885:
5861:
5702:
5690:
5666:
5654:
5642:
5630:
5618:
5582:
5570:
5558:
5531:
5507:
5495:
5483:
5435:
5399:
5387:
5375:
5360:
5348:
5321:
5100:
5087:
5039:
4980:
4941:
4792:
4726:
4678:
4666:
4642:
4594:
4546:
4534:
4507:
4483:
4471:
4459:
4447:
4435:
4423:
4396:
4066:
3703:
2290:
2138:), a group of wandering male and female
2101:
1996:
1879:
1622:
1477:
1386:
1250:
1151:
1032:
977:as well, and the first Japanese emperor
873:
707:
7160:"Yeosin-ui seosa-wa juche-ui saengsan"
5997:
5973:
5925:
5912:
5873:
5765:
5309:
5129:
5075:
5063:
5051:
5027:
5014:
4999:
4965:
4953:
4867:
4843:
4831:
4816:
4777:
4765:
4750:
4738:
4714:
4702:
4690:
4654:
4630:
4606:
4582:
4570:
4336:
4324:
4312:
4138:
3886:
3874:
3850:
3802:
3591:
3576:
3552:
3525:
3501:
3489:
3464:
3432:
3370:is the Korean name of the Buddhist god
3272:
2364:
1680:According to a North Korean shaman who
1359:human and a non-human. The Chungju Eo (
433:. One state's foundation myth, that of
398:, and the much larger and more diverse
140:
7484:
7345:조선 영조조 무당의 사회적 위상－무녀 독갑방에 대한 기록을 중심으로－
7282:
7013:
6943:-e natanan seosa muga suyong-ui uimi"
6494:[History of Dan'gun worship].
6439:
6341:Dorang-seonbae Cheongjeong-gaksi norae
6081:
6069:
6033:
6021:
6009:
5753:
5741:
5726:
5471:
5459:
5447:
5423:
5336:
5297:
5285:
5273:
5261:
5249:
5237:
5225:
5213:
5201:
5189:
5177:
5165:
5153:
5141:
5117:
4903:
4891:
4879:
4855:
4804:
4618:
4558:
4519:
4495:
4408:
4384:
4372:
4360:
4348:
4300:
4288:
4276:
4264:
4252:
4240:
4228:
4213:
4201:
4189:
4177:
4165:
4150:
4126:
4114:
4102:
4090:
4078:
4054:
4042:
4030:
4018:
4006:
3994:
3982:
3970:
3958:
3946:
3934:
3910:
3898:
3862:
3838:
3826:
3814:
3787:
3775:
3763:
3751:
3739:
3727:
3715:
3688:
3676:
3664:
3644:
3632:
3620:
3603:
3564:
3537:
3513:
3476:
3451:
3439:
1574:
28:
7267:Studies on Korean Shamanic Narratives
6769:임석재의 <관북지방무가>에 나타난 무속신화의 특징과 의의
5777:
1395:The shamanic narratives are works of
1321:Illustration of Cheoyong in the 1493
878:Early 20th century portrait of Dangun
402:mythology, mostly narratives sung by
7:
7427:"Pullim-gwa maechim-ui Seoul musok"
7305:[Shamanic songs of the Hwanghae
6774:Shamanic songs of the Gwanbuk region
3922:
2116:
1812:also incorporate relevant elements.
1156:Tombs of the Silla kings at Gyeongju
7504:무속 대중화의 방향과 무속 연구의 방향 찾기－서울굿을 중심으로－
4911:Encyclopedia of Korean Folk Culture
3925:, pp. 52–54, 108–109, 258–259.
1804:Several Korean shamanic narratives
7546:myths in the Gangneung area].
1988:conductor of the souls of the dead
1008:is recorded in detail in both the
47:, the most widespread Korean myth.
25:
6593:-ui sinhwa-seong-gwa munhak-seong
6480:Narrative shaman hymns, Volume II
5900:, pp. 295–296, 299, 306–307.
5438:, pp. 291–292, 317–318, 338.
5402:, pp. 298–299, 299–303, 306.
3194:in large part due to the work of
1450:of Korea's mainstream values and
1299:, becomes king of Geumgwan Gaya.
1067:, where he founds the kingdom of
7126:[The nature of the genre of
6825:Han'guk Munhak Iron-gwa Bipyeong
6596:제주도 서사무가 <초공본풀이>의 신화성과 문학성
6464:Narrative shaman hymns, Volume I
1816:said to have eaten grain by the
1513:, which appeared in the city of
901:Iryeon's account is as follows.
148:
37:
6682:[A study on destiny in the
5924:"<초공본풀이>에서 그러했기 때문이라는 답"
915:broadly benefit the human world
905:, a younger son of the sky god
618:primordial history of the world
7955:Creation myth of Geumgwan Gaya
7788:Religions of Korea in Practice
7586:Religions of Korea in Practice
7240:Jeonnam-ui dang sinhwa yeon'gu
6811:[Comparative study of the
6624:한국무속의 신격연구3—제주도 일반신본풀이의 신격 연구—
6371:박혜령 (Park Hye-ryeong) (1999).
6176:<천지왕본풀이>의 의례적 기능과 신화적 의미
3227:, which draws heavily on Jeju
2245:When they best three thousand
390:told by historical and modern
372:
362:
86:
65:
1:
6980:장주근 (Chang Chu-keun) (2013).
6902:이창윤 (Lee Chang-yoon) (2000).
6535:]. 2009 symposium of the
6262:고려 <처용가>의 무가적 성격에 대한 재고
6258:김명준 (Kim Myung-joon) (2010).
6128:강권용 (Gang Gwon-yong) (2003).
2281:Mainland village-shrine myths
2117:priest from the Golden Temple
2092:Localized mainland narratives
1906:to salvage the family's honor
780:Records of the Three Kingdoms
565:Historian Yi Pyong-do in 1955
488:of traditional norms such as
7851:Walraven, Boudewijn (1994).
7481:. Anthology of prior papers.
7279:. Anthology of prior papers.
7158:조현설 (Cho Hyun-soul) (2001).
6937:유승환 (Yoo Sung-hwan) (2018).
6804:이정훈 (Lee Jung-hoon) (2016).
6700:10.20516/classic.2018.42.245
6675:유정월 (Ryu Jeong-wol) (2018).
6587:신연우 (Shin Yeon-woo) (2017).
6552:신동훈 (Shin Dong-hun) (2002).
6489:"Dan'gun sungbae-ui yeoksa"
6487:서영대 (Seo Yeong-dae) (1987).
6236:10.22274/KORALIT.2017.47.002
6193:10.22274/KORALIT.2017.47.002
5828:, pp. 128–129, 135–139.
5816:, pp. 115–118, 125–128.
5804:, pp. 103–104, 109–113.
4807:, pp. 234–235, 248–251.
4669:, pp. 189–190, 363–365.
4597:, pp. 143–145, 159–161.
4462:, pp. 186–188, 196–199.
4021:, pp. 201–202, 270–271.
3334:as a highly subversive myth.
2299:, encircled by sacred rope (
2074:for the soul of his father,
7258:홍태한 (Hong Tae-han) (2002).
7251:Chonnam National University
6986:제주도 무속과 서사무가·한국 신화의 민속학적 연구
6867:이지영 (Lee Ji-young) (2000).
6837:10.20461/KLTC.2016.03.70.55
6620:심상교 (Sim Sang-gyo) (2019).
6417:Studies on Korean Mythology
6172:강소전 (Kang So-jeon) (2008).
3401:
3381:
3366:
2350:
2134:
2098:Life replacement narratives
2011:
1948:
1606:is particularly divergent.
1586:
1378:Shamanic and oral mythology
1366:
1345:Dragon King of the East Sea
1059:
1000:Buyeo, Goguryeo, and Baekje
894:around the late 1270s, and
672:
589:
577:
554:
532:
406:or priestesses (mansin) in
396:various historical kingdoms
382:
120:
106:
8197:
7924:Korean creation narratives
7613:Grayson, James H. (2011).
7535:황루시 (Hwang Rushi) (2007).
7491:: CS1 maint: postscript (
7434:Silcheon Minsokhak Yeon'gu
7289:: CS1 maint: postscript (
7260:Han'guk seosa muga yeon'gu
7119:조규익 (Cho Kyu-ick) (1990).
7029:정제호 (Jeong Je-ho) (2012).
7020:: CS1 maint: postscript (
6911:Silcheon Minsokhak Yeon'gu
6730:이경하 (Lee Kyungha) (2012).
6539:. Seongnam. pp. 21–36
6446:: CS1 maint: postscript (
6419:]. Seoul: Jibmundang.
6406:서대석 (Seo Daeseok) (2001).
6297:김헌선 (Kim Heonsun) (1994).
6269:as a shamanic chant].
6215:강진옥 (Kang Jin-ok) (2004).
6135:[Study on the special
5192:, pp. 49–51, 197–198.
4645:, pp. 86–88, 534–537.
3691:, pp. 87–89, 104–106.
2284:
2251:civil service examinations
2229:, the Jeju version of the
2195:
2170:
2095:
1962:
1792:Korean creation narratives
1789:
1482:Modern shamanic shrine in
1054:
1044:, ruler of the kingdom of
1030:myth is summarized below.
867:
655:ritual and mythology, and
8176:History of Northeast Asia
8011:King Gyeongmun's ear tale
7960:Creation myth of Goguyreo
7945:Creation myth of Gojoseon
7938:Creation of the countries
7471:]. Seoul: Minsogwon.
7363:10.17792/kcs.2008.15..113
7269:]. Seoul: Minsogwon.
7215:10.17792/kcs.2011.21..171
7088:서사무가의 콘텐츠 활용 유형과 스토리텔링 양상
6765:이수자 (Lee Soo-ja) (2008).
6605:]. Seoul: Minsogwon.
6528:성씨 시조 신화의 전승과 분포 그리고 문화권역
6522:서해숙 (Seo Haesug) (2009).
6409:Han'guk sinhwa-ui yeon'gu
6300:Han'guk-ui changse sinhwa
5850:Seo D. & Park G. 2006
5838:Seo D. & Park G. 2006
5826:Seo D. & Park G. 2006
5814:Seo D. & Park G. 2006
5802:Seo D. & Park G. 2006
5790:Seo D. & Park G. 2006
5679:Seo D. & Park G. 1996
5607:Seo D. & Park G. 1996
5595:Seo D. & Park G. 1996
5547:Seo D. & Park G. 1996
5520:Seo D. & Park G. 1996
5412:Seo D. & Park G. 1996
5026:"우리나라 전역에서 가장 뛰어난 예인 집단"
3396:
3376:
3361:
2344:
2314:North Gyeongsang Province
2295:Village guardian tree in
2129:
2085:Tale of the Nishan Shaman
1943:
1711:East Coast and Gyeongsang
1581:
1413:religion of the country.
1361:
1271:line of the Silla kings.
806:The founding myth of the
718:Korean kingdom or dynasty
666:
647:approaches to the songs,
635:(1932–2013), who applied
583:
571:
548:
526:
408:rituals invoking the gods
36:
31:
18:Korean shamanic narrative
7538:
7503:
7464:
7428:
7389:
7344:
7301:
7262:
7242:
7238:표인주 (Pyo In-ju) (1994).
7196:
7161:
7122:
7087:
7068:
7032:
6985:
6944:
6905:
6872:
6807:
6768:
6733:
6678:
6623:
6595:
6555:
6527:
6490:
6475:
6459:
6411:
6374:
6335:
6302:
6261:
6218:
6175:
6131:
6108:, pp. 123, 131–132.
6072:, pp. 15–17, 23–25.
6000:, pp. 36–37, 46–50.
5705:, pp. 19–22, 27–32.
5390:, pp. 299, 303–306.
5378:, pp. 293–298, 306.
5204:, pp. 116, 146–153.
4956:, pp. 185–187, 192.
4906:, pp. 245, 248–249.
4894:, pp. 220, 232–233.
4768:, pp. 76–77, 86–90.
4243:, pp. 324–327, 337.
4231:, pp. 322–323, 336.
4216:, pp. 320–321, 336.
4168:, pp. 291–295, 310.
4009:, pp. 196–200, 270.
3997:, pp. 194–196, 270.
3985:, pp. 191–194, 270.
3973:, pp. 188–191, 269.
3961:, pp. 186–187, 269.
3778:, pp. 54–55, 61–63.
3579:, pp. 54–55, 71–73.
3309:Iryeon, compiler of the
1990:, or the goddess of the
1731:journeys of the Visitors
1185:. Six chieftains of the
421:-language works such as
7985:Creation myth of Joseon
7980:Creation myth of Goryeo
7965:Creation myth of Baekje
7465:한국 서사무가의 유형별 존재양상과 연행원리
7167:Minjok Munhaksa Yeon'gu
6556:구전 이야기의 갈래와 상호관계에 대한 연구
6496:Jeongsin Munhwa Yeon'gu
6310:]. Seoul: Gilbeot.
6308:Creation Myths of Korea
5657:, pp. 64, 106–107.
1637:South Hamgyong Province
1612:South Hamgyong Province
973:descends to earth with
882:The foundation myth of
8059:Semin-hwangje bon-puri
7970:Creation myth of Silla
7950:Creation myth of Buyeo
7725:Shin, Gi-wook (2006).
7696:Asian Folklore Studies
7350:Han'guk Munhwa Yeon'gu
7202:Han'guk Munhwa Yeon'gu
7197:북녘의 무당들－어느 탈북 무녀의 이야기－
7193:최준 (Choi Jun) (2011).
6688:Han'guk Gojeon Yeon'gu
6684:Woncheon'gang bon-puri
3134:Religion and mythology
2337:1592 Japanese invasion
2304:
2186:
2107:
2088:have also been drawn.
2002:
1893:
1801:
1628:
1486:
1416:Since the long-ruling
1392:
1327:
1259:
1157:
1038:
879:
783:and the sixth-century
713:
704:State-foundation myths
693:Woncheon'gang bon-puri
689:Woncheon'gang bon-puri
566:
186:History of suppression
8016:Yeonorang and Seonyeo
7917:Creation of the world
7619:. London: Routledge.
7542:[Study on female
7302:황해도 굿의 무가－만세받이를 중심으로－
6906:북부형과 제주형 창세신화의 지역적 특성
6880:]. Seoul: Worin.
6734:바리신화 ‘古典化’ 과정의 사회적 맥락
6375:소야 당신화의 동제의 상관성과 그 의미
6139:of Jeju Island].
6084:, pp. 32, 50–53.
5693:, pp. 55, 81–86.
5645:, pp. 64, 86–91.
5144:, pp. 20, 65–68.
4944:, pp. 16–17, 22.
3829:, pp. 53–54, 80.
3097:Comparative mythology
2397:Aboriginal Australian
2325:South Jeolla Province
2294:
2212:category of "special
2180:
2105:
2000:
1883:
1799:
1626:
1481:
1390:
1320:
1254:
1155:
1036:
1018:, a Chinese-language
877:
803:, erected in 414 CE.
775:ancient Chinese texts
711:
593:), which are sung by
564:
7661:10.1353/ks.2000.0014
7069:서사무가의 고전소설 수용 양상과 의미
7033:관북지역 바리공주의 죽음에 대한 고찰
6537:Yeoksa Munhwa Hakhoe
6271:Han'guk Siga Yeon'gu
6219:한국 구비신화 연구의 동향과 그 전망
5156:, pp. 249, 286.
4279:, pp. 309, 314.
3261:Vietnamese mythology
3102:Comparative religion
3064:Legendary progenitor
2542:Continental Germanic
1833:names, referring to
1335:Other literary myths
1283:was occupied by the
1028:Dongmyeongwang-pyeon
1015:Dongmyeongwang-pyeon
988:, then imperiled by
928:great white mountain
739:—are transcribed in
441:of the whole Korean
101:Revised Romanization
7548:Gubi Munhak Yeon'gu
6778:Gubi Munhak Yeon'gu
6589:Jeju-do seosa muga
6345:Gubi Munhak Yeon'gu
6096:, pp. 128–130.
6060:, pp. 122–123.
6048:, pp. 115–116.
6036:, pp. 68, 136.
6012:, pp. 133–136.
5988:, pp. 508–509.
5964:, pp. 174–180.
5952:, pp. 442–449.
5888:, pp. 106–109.
5852:, pp. 167–169.
5840:, pp. 144–151.
5780:, pp. 259–260.
5756:, pp. 232–236.
5744:, pp. 240–241.
5729:, pp. 248–249.
5681:, pp. 244–245.
5669:, pp. 65, 101.
5609:, pp. 241–242.
5597:, pp. 239–241.
5549:, pp. 228–230.
5522:, pp. 227–228.
5498:, pp. 143–145.
5462:, pp. 266–268.
5450:, pp. 262–264.
5414:, pp. 154–158.
5339:, pp. 261–262.
5324:, pp. 304–305.
5312:, pp. 274–276.
5288:, pp. 130–131.
5252:, pp. 183–191.
5240:, pp. 146–148.
5228:, pp. 169–172.
5216:, pp. 193–194.
5042:, pp. 101–107.
4983:, pp. 121–123.
4882:, pp. 246–247.
4780:, pp. 219–221.
4753:, pp. 212–214.
4717:, pp. 133–136.
4705:, pp. 165–168.
4681:, pp. 556–563.
4657:, pp. 239–241.
4633:, pp. 236–241.
4621:, pp. 120–124.
4609:, pp. 242–247.
4561:, pp. 118–123.
4549:, pp. 243–246.
4537:, pp. 192–195.
4450:, pp. 171–173.
4438:, pp. 167–170.
4426:, pp. 113–115.
4399:, pp. 122–126.
4387:, pp. 104–105.
4351:, pp. 184–186.
4303:, pp. 139–141.
4204:, pp. 122–125.
4192:, pp. 118–120.
4180:, pp. 110–112.
4129:, pp. 258–259.
4069:, pp. 311–313.
4033:, pp. 366–368.
3949:, pp. 204–206.
3937:, pp. 165–166.
3889:, pp. 136–142.
3877:, pp. 135–136.
3718:, pp. 265–268.
3679:, pp. 260–262.
3606:, pp. 246–248.
3594:, pp. 393–395.
3504:, pp. 2–5, 11.
3224:Along with the Gods
2851:Proto-Indo-European
1786:Creation narratives
1563:Regional traditions
482:official ideologies
198:Roles and practices
8125:Seolmundae Halmang
7975:Samseong mythology
7309:: Focusing on the
6645:10.15711/WR.64.0.8
6224:Dong-Asia Godaehak
4411:, pp. 3, 6–7.
3817:, pp. 53, 79.
3647:, pp. 96-97 (
3405:"thrown-away baby"
3246:Japanese mythology
3200:women's literature
3052:Legendary creature
2768:Pacific Northwest
2358:In popular culture
2305:
2187:
2108:
2003:
1894:
1802:
1629:
1487:
1393:
1383:Nature and context
1328:
1260:
1158:
1039:
880:
714:
699:Literary mythology
567:
386:) is the group of
8153:
8152:
7828:978-90-481-2932-4
7798:978-0-691-11347-0
7768:978-0-674-17982-0
7738:978-0-8047-5408-8
7626:978-0-700-71241-0
7596:978-0-691-11347-0
7478:978-89-285-0881-5
7399:Han'guk Minsokhak
7093:Ilbon-hak Yeon'gu
7000:978-89-285-0493-0
6954:Gukmunhak Yeon'gu
6854:on April 14, 2021
6739:Gukmunhak Yeon'gu
6633:Uri Eomun Yeon'gu
6612:978-89-285-1036-8
6141:Minsokhak Yeon'gu
5976:, pp. 46–47.
5940:, pp. 78–79.
5864:, pp. 78–83.
5768:, pp. 94–95.
5633:, pp. 58–59.
5621:, pp. 52–57.
5585:, pp. 47–51.
5573:, pp. 43–47.
5561:, pp. 37–42.
5534:, pp. 33–36.
5426:, pp. 89–94.
5264:, pp. 65–69.
5180:, pp. 92–96.
5168:, pp. 17–18.
5132:, pp. 27–29.
5066:, pp. 21–23.
5017:, pp. 19–21.
4968:, pp. 18–19.
4858:, pp. 75–79.
4846:, pp. 24–27.
4834:, pp. 23–24.
4741:, pp. 68–71.
4255:, pp. 35–42.
4117:, pp. 73–76.
4105:, pp. 92–93.
4081:, pp. 79–84.
4057:, pp. 85–86.
4045:, pp. 28–31.
3901:, pp. 25–28.
3853:, pp. 37–39.
3766:, pp. 22–24.
3742:, pp. 18–22.
3730:, pp. 16–17.
3667:, pp. 91–93.
3567:, pp. 10–12.
3331:Segyeong bon-puri
3241:Chinese mythology
3182:
3181:
2061:Cheongjeong-gaksi
1867:fertility deities
1575:|hangul=
1556:Norse mythologies
1409:, the indigenous
1143:Southern kingdoms
1050:Classical Chinese
942:bear-turned-woman
859:Northern kingdoms
741:Classical Chinese
680:interpretations.
437:, has become the
419:Classical Chinese
351:
350:
179:Korean philosophy
165:Household deities
127:
126:
115:McCune–Reischauer
16:(Redirected from
8188:
8181:History of Korea
8166:Korean mythology
8068:Mythical figures
8054:Munjeon bon-puri
7910:Korean mythology
7903:
7896:
7889:
7880:
7875:
7873:
7871:
7839:
7837:
7835:
7809:
7807:
7805:
7779:
7777:
7775:
7749:
7747:
7745:
7719:
7688:
7645:Pari Kongju Muga
7637:
7635:
7633:
7607:
7605:
7603:
7570:
7568:
7566:
7531:
7529:
7527:
7509:Han'guk Musokhak
7496:
7490:
7482:
7456:
7454:
7452:
7421:
7419:
7417:
7382:
7380:
7378:
7365:
7337:
7335:
7333:
7315:Han'guk Musokhak
7294:
7288:
7280:
7254:
7234:
7232:
7230:
7217:
7189:
7187:
7185:
7154:
7152:
7150:
7128:Yongbieocheon'ga
7115:
7113:
7111:
7080:
7077:Korea University
7060:
7058:
7056:
7038:Han'guk Musokhak
7025:
7019:
7011:
7009:
7007:
6976:
6974:
6972:
6933:
6931:
6929:
6898:
6896:
6894:
6873:한국 건국 신화의 실상과 이해
6863:
6861:
6859:
6853:
6847:. Archived from
6822:
6800:
6798:
6796:
6761:
6759:
6757:
6726:
6724:
6722:
6671:
6669:
6667:
6616:
6602:Chogong bon-puri
6591:Chogong bon-puri
6583:
6581:
6579:
6548:
6546:
6544:
6518:
6516:
6514:
6483:
6467:
6451:
6445:
6437:
6435:
6433:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6380:Yeoksa Minsokhak
6367:
6365:
6363:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6293:
6291:
6289:
6254:
6252:
6250:
6211:
6209:
6207:
6168:
6166:
6164:
6159:on June 25, 2020
6155:. Archived from
6132:제주도 특수본풀이에 대한 연구
6109:
6103:
6097:
6091:
6085:
6079:
6073:
6067:
6061:
6055:
6049:
6043:
6037:
6031:
6025:
6019:
6013:
6007:
6001:
5995:
5989:
5983:
5977:
5971:
5965:
5959:
5953:
5947:
5941:
5935:
5929:
5922:
5916:
5910:
5901:
5895:
5889:
5883:
5877:
5871:
5865:
5859:
5853:
5847:
5841:
5835:
5829:
5823:
5817:
5811:
5805:
5799:
5793:
5787:
5781:
5775:
5769:
5763:
5757:
5751:
5745:
5739:
5730:
5724:
5718:
5712:
5706:
5700:
5694:
5688:
5682:
5676:
5670:
5664:
5658:
5652:
5646:
5640:
5634:
5628:
5622:
5616:
5610:
5604:
5598:
5592:
5586:
5580:
5574:
5568:
5562:
5556:
5550:
5544:
5535:
5529:
5523:
5517:
5511:
5505:
5499:
5493:
5487:
5481:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5457:
5451:
5445:
5439:
5433:
5427:
5421:
5415:
5409:
5403:
5397:
5391:
5385:
5379:
5373:
5364:
5358:
5352:
5346:
5340:
5334:
5325:
5319:
5313:
5307:
5301:
5295:
5289:
5283:
5277:
5271:
5265:
5259:
5253:
5247:
5241:
5235:
5229:
5223:
5217:
5211:
5205:
5199:
5193:
5187:
5181:
5175:
5169:
5163:
5157:
5151:
5145:
5139:
5133:
5127:
5121:
5115:
5104:
5097:
5091:
5085:
5079:
5073:
5067:
5061:
5055:
5049:
5043:
5037:
5031:
5024:
5018:
5012:
5003:
4997:
4984:
4978:
4969:
4963:
4957:
4951:
4945:
4939:
4933:
4901:
4895:
4889:
4883:
4877:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4853:
4847:
4841:
4835:
4829:
4820:
4814:
4808:
4802:
4796:
4790:
4781:
4775:
4769:
4763:
4754:
4748:
4742:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4706:
4700:
4694:
4688:
4682:
4676:
4670:
4664:
4658:
4652:
4646:
4640:
4634:
4628:
4622:
4616:
4610:
4604:
4598:
4592:
4586:
4580:
4574:
4568:
4562:
4556:
4550:
4544:
4538:
4532:
4523:
4517:
4511:
4505:
4499:
4493:
4487:
4481:
4475:
4469:
4463:
4457:
4451:
4445:
4439:
4433:
4427:
4421:
4412:
4406:
4400:
4394:
4388:
4382:
4376:
4370:
4364:
4358:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4322:
4316:
4310:
4304:
4298:
4292:
4286:
4280:
4274:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4199:
4193:
4187:
4181:
4175:
4169:
4163:
4154:
4148:
4142:
4136:
4130:
4124:
4118:
4112:
4106:
4100:
4094:
4088:
4082:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4034:
4028:
4022:
4016:
4010:
4004:
3998:
3992:
3986:
3980:
3974:
3968:
3962:
3956:
3950:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3926:
3920:
3914:
3908:
3902:
3896:
3890:
3884:
3878:
3872:
3866:
3860:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3836:
3830:
3824:
3818:
3812:
3806:
3800:
3791:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3767:
3761:
3755:
3749:
3743:
3737:
3731:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3692:
3686:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3607:
3601:
3595:
3589:
3580:
3574:
3568:
3562:
3556:
3550:
3541:
3540:, pp. 9–10.
3535:
3529:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3486:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3461:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3437:
3415:
3412:
3406:
3404:
3399:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3369:
3364:
3363:
3353:
3344:
3341:
3335:
3320:
3314:
3307:
3301:
3297:
3291:
3277:
3256:Manchu shamanism
3251:Mongol mythology
3174:
3167:
3160:
3129:Pseudo-mythology
3041:Related concepts
2362:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2255:Chogong bon-puri
2249:scholars in the
2235:Chogong bon-puri
2226:Chogong bon-puri
2198:
2197:
2183:Chogong bon-puri
2137:
2132:
2131:
2014:
1965:
1964:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1589:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1524:Manchu shamanism
1491:Gangwon Province
1472:Chogong bon-puri
1452:official culture
1422:Neo-Confucianism
1407:Korean shamanism
1369:
1364:
1363:
1256:The Golden Chest
1228:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1062:
1057:
1056:
971:Ninigi-no-Mikoto
932:
929:
926:
923:
920:
829:Yongbieocheon'ga
819:Yongbieocheon'ga
801:Gwanggaeto Stele
712:Gwanggaeto Stele
675:
669:
668:
627:(1890–1957) and
592:
586:
585:
580:
574:
573:
557:
551:
550:
535:
529:
528:
478:Korean shamanism
457:and its founder
449:and its founder
385:
375:
374:
365:
364:
354:Korean mythology
343:
336:
329:
303:Numismatic charm
287:Related concepts
172:Korean mythology
152:
142:Korean shamanism
129:
123:
121:Han'gung shinhwa
109:
94:
93:
73:
72:
41:
32:Korean mythology
29:
21:
8196:
8195:
8191:
8190:
8189:
8187:
8186:
8185:
8171:Korean folklore
8156:
8155:
8154:
8149:
8115:Samsin Halmeoni
8063:
8030:
7989:
7933:
7912:
7907:
7869:
7867:
7865:
7850:
7847:
7845:Further reading
7842:
7833:
7831:
7829:
7814:
7803:
7801:
7799:
7784:
7773:
7771:
7769:
7754:
7743:
7741:
7739:
7724:
7693:
7642:
7631:
7629:
7627:
7612:
7601:
7599:
7597:
7582:
7578:
7573:
7564:
7562:
7540:
7534:
7525:
7523:
7505:
7499:
7483:
7479:
7466:
7459:
7450:
7448:
7430:
7424:
7415:
7413:
7391:
7390:서울굿 주도집단 변화의 의미
7385:
7376:
7374:
7346:
7340:
7331:
7329:
7303:
7297:
7281:
7277:
7264:
7257:
7244:
7237:
7228:
7226:
7198:
7192:
7183:
7181:
7163:
7157:
7148:
7146:
7132:Gugeo Gukmunhak
7124:
7118:
7109:
7107:
7089:
7083:
7070:
7063:
7054:
7052:
7034:
7028:
7012:
7005:
7003:
7001:
6987:
6979:
6970:
6968:
6946:
6936:
6927:
6925:
6907:
6901:
6892:
6890:
6888:
6874:
6866:
6857:
6855:
6851:
6820:
6809:
6803:
6794:
6792:
6770:
6764:
6755:
6753:
6735:
6729:
6720:
6718:
6680:
6674:
6665:
6663:
6625:
6619:
6613:
6597:
6586:
6577:
6575:
6561:Bigyo Minsokhak
6557:
6551:
6542:
6540:
6529:
6521:
6512:
6510:
6492:
6486:
6477:
6470:
6461:
6454:
6438:
6431:
6429:
6427:
6413:
6405:
6396:
6394:
6376:
6370:
6361:
6359:
6337:
6331:
6322:
6320:
6318:
6304:
6296:
6287:
6285:
6263:
6257:
6248:
6246:
6220:
6214:
6205:
6203:
6177:
6171:
6162:
6160:
6133:
6127:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6112:
6104:
6100:
6092:
6088:
6080:
6076:
6068:
6064:
6056:
6052:
6044:
6040:
6032:
6028:
6020:
6016:
6008:
6004:
5996:
5992:
5984:
5980:
5972:
5968:
5960:
5956:
5948:
5944:
5936:
5932:
5923:
5919:
5911:
5904:
5896:
5892:
5884:
5880:
5876:, pp. 7–8.
5872:
5868:
5860:
5856:
5848:
5844:
5836:
5832:
5824:
5820:
5812:
5808:
5800:
5796:
5788:
5784:
5776:
5772:
5764:
5760:
5752:
5748:
5740:
5733:
5725:
5721:
5713:
5709:
5701:
5697:
5689:
5685:
5677:
5673:
5665:
5661:
5653:
5649:
5641:
5637:
5629:
5625:
5617:
5613:
5605:
5601:
5593:
5589:
5581:
5577:
5569:
5565:
5557:
5553:
5545:
5538:
5530:
5526:
5518:
5514:
5506:
5502:
5494:
5490:
5482:
5478:
5470:
5466:
5458:
5454:
5446:
5442:
5434:
5430:
5422:
5418:
5410:
5406:
5398:
5394:
5386:
5382:
5374:
5367:
5359:
5355:
5347:
5343:
5335:
5328:
5320:
5316:
5308:
5304:
5296:
5292:
5284:
5280:
5272:
5268:
5260:
5256:
5248:
5244:
5236:
5232:
5224:
5220:
5212:
5208:
5200:
5196:
5188:
5184:
5176:
5172:
5164:
5160:
5152:
5148:
5140:
5136:
5128:
5124:
5116:
5107:
5098:
5094:
5086:
5082:
5074:
5070:
5062:
5058:
5050:
5046:
5038:
5034:
5025:
5021:
5013:
5006:
4998:
4987:
4979:
4972:
4964:
4960:
4952:
4948:
4940:
4936:
4907:
4902:
4898:
4890:
4886:
4878:
4874:
4866:
4862:
4854:
4850:
4842:
4838:
4830:
4823:
4815:
4811:
4803:
4799:
4791:
4784:
4776:
4772:
4764:
4757:
4749:
4745:
4737:
4733:
4725:
4721:
4713:
4709:
4701:
4697:
4689:
4685:
4677:
4673:
4665:
4661:
4653:
4649:
4641:
4637:
4629:
4625:
4617:
4613:
4605:
4601:
4593:
4589:
4585:, pp. 3–5.
4581:
4577:
4569:
4565:
4557:
4553:
4545:
4541:
4533:
4526:
4518:
4514:
4506:
4502:
4494:
4490:
4482:
4478:
4470:
4466:
4458:
4454:
4446:
4442:
4434:
4430:
4422:
4415:
4407:
4403:
4395:
4391:
4383:
4379:
4371:
4367:
4359:
4355:
4347:
4343:
4335:
4331:
4323:
4319:
4311:
4307:
4299:
4295:
4287:
4283:
4275:
4271:
4263:
4259:
4251:
4247:
4239:
4235:
4227:
4220:
4212:
4208:
4200:
4196:
4188:
4184:
4176:
4172:
4164:
4157:
4149:
4145:
4137:
4133:
4125:
4121:
4113:
4109:
4101:
4097:
4089:
4085:
4077:
4073:
4065:
4061:
4053:
4049:
4041:
4037:
4029:
4025:
4017:
4013:
4005:
4001:
3993:
3989:
3981:
3977:
3969:
3965:
3957:
3953:
3945:
3941:
3933:
3929:
3921:
3917:
3909:
3905:
3897:
3893:
3885:
3881:
3873:
3869:
3861:
3857:
3849:
3845:
3837:
3833:
3825:
3821:
3813:
3809:
3801:
3794:
3786:
3782:
3774:
3770:
3762:
3758:
3750:
3746:
3738:
3734:
3726:
3722:
3714:
3710:
3702:
3695:
3687:
3683:
3675:
3671:
3663:
3659:
3643:
3639:
3631:
3627:
3619:
3610:
3602:
3598:
3590:
3583:
3575:
3571:
3563:
3559:
3551:
3544:
3536:
3532:
3528:, pp. 6–9.
3524:
3520:
3512:
3508:
3500:
3496:
3487:
3483:
3475:
3471:
3462:
3458:
3450:
3446:
3442:, pp. 3–4.
3438:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3409:
3393:
3389:
3354:
3347:
3342:
3338:
3321:
3317:
3308:
3304:
3298:
3294:
3278:
3274:
3269:
3237:
3178:
3149:
3148:
3124:Lower mythology
3092:
3084:
3083:
3042:
3034:
3033:
2969:
2961:
2960:
2936:
2928:
2927:
2778:Plains Indians
2669:Native American
2377:
2360:
2289:
2283:
2260:Village-shrine
2239:Jeseok bon-puri
2231:Jeseok bon-puri
2175:
2169:
2167:Jeju narratives
2100:
2094:
1974:
1935:Jeseok bon-puri
1925:Jeseok bon-puri
1921:Jeseok bon-puri
1875:Jeseok bon-puri
1863:Jeseok bon-puri
1859:
1856:Jeseok bon-puri
1810:Jeseok bon-puri
1794:
1788:
1771:
1743:
1726:performing arts
1713:
1694:
1654:Jeseok bon-puri
1621:
1615:Korean source.
1593:Jeseok bon-puri
1571:Template:Korean
1569:
1568:
1565:
1397:oral literature
1385:
1380:
1337:
1277:
1239:village-shrine
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1150:
1145:
1002:
990:Mongol invasion
975:three treasures
950:King Wu of Zhou
930:
927:
924:
921:
872:
866:
861:
841:Jeseok bon-puri
770:Dongguk tonggam
706:
701:
685:Korean folklore
661:Jeseok bon-puri
610:oral literature
555:geon'guk sinhwa
522:
508:Buddhist priest
503:Jeseok bon-puri
463:family lineages
347:
318:
317:
288:
280:
279:
254:
246:
245:
199:
191:
190:
160:
95:
74:
48:
45:Jeseok bon-puri
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8194:
8192:
8184:
8183:
8178:
8173:
8168:
8158:
8157:
8151:
8150:
8148:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8077:
8071:
8069:
8065:
8064:
8062:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8049:Igong bon-puri
8046:
8044:Gunung Bonpuri
8040:
8038:
8032:
8031:
8029:
8028:
8023:
8018:
8013:
8008:
8003:
7997:
7995:
7991:
7990:
7988:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7941:
7939:
7935:
7934:
7932:
7931:
7926:
7920:
7918:
7914:
7913:
7908:
7906:
7905:
7898:
7891:
7883:
7877:
7876:
7863:
7846:
7843:
7841:
7840:
7827:
7811:
7810:
7797:
7781:
7780:
7767:
7751:
7750:
7737:
7721:
7720:
7702:(1): 113–132.
7690:
7689:
7649:Korean Studies
7639:
7638:
7625:
7609:
7608:
7595:
7579:
7577:
7574:
7572:
7571:
7532:
7497:
7477:
7457:
7422:
7383:
7338:
7295:
7275:
7255:
7235:
7190:
7162:여신의 서사와 주체의 생산
7155:
7116:
7081:
7061:
7026:
6999:
6977:
6934:
6899:
6886:
6864:
6801:
6762:
6727:
6672:
6617:
6611:
6584:
6549:
6519:
6484:
6468:
6452:
6425:
6403:
6368:
6329:
6316:
6294:
6255:
6212:
6169:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6098:
6086:
6074:
6062:
6050:
6038:
6026:
6024:, p. 209.
6014:
6002:
5990:
5978:
5966:
5954:
5942:
5930:
5917:
5902:
5890:
5878:
5866:
5854:
5842:
5830:
5818:
5806:
5794:
5782:
5770:
5758:
5746:
5731:
5719:
5715:Lee J.-h. 2016
5707:
5695:
5683:
5671:
5659:
5647:
5635:
5623:
5611:
5599:
5587:
5575:
5563:
5551:
5536:
5524:
5512:
5500:
5488:
5476:
5464:
5452:
5440:
5428:
5416:
5404:
5392:
5380:
5365:
5353:
5351:, p. 305.
5341:
5326:
5314:
5302:
5290:
5278:
5266:
5254:
5242:
5230:
5218:
5206:
5194:
5182:
5170:
5158:
5146:
5134:
5122:
5120:, p. 220.
5105:
5092:
5080:
5078:, p. 209.
5068:
5056:
5054:, p. 211.
5044:
5032:
5019:
5004:
4985:
4970:
4958:
4946:
4934:
4896:
4884:
4872:
4860:
4848:
4836:
4821:
4809:
4797:
4795:, p. 447.
4782:
4770:
4755:
4743:
4731:
4719:
4707:
4695:
4683:
4671:
4659:
4647:
4635:
4623:
4611:
4599:
4587:
4575:
4573:, p. 236.
4563:
4551:
4539:
4524:
4512:
4500:
4488:
4476:
4464:
4452:
4440:
4428:
4413:
4401:
4389:
4377:
4375:, p. 103.
4365:
4353:
4341:
4339:, p. 222.
4329:
4327:, p. 221.
4317:
4305:
4293:
4291:, p. 121.
4281:
4269:
4257:
4245:
4233:
4218:
4206:
4194:
4182:
4170:
4155:
4153:, p. 310.
4143:
4131:
4119:
4107:
4095:
4093:, p. 151.
4083:
4071:
4059:
4047:
4035:
4023:
4011:
3999:
3987:
3975:
3963:
3951:
3939:
3927:
3915:
3903:
3891:
3879:
3867:
3855:
3843:
3831:
3819:
3807:
3792:
3780:
3768:
3756:
3744:
3732:
3720:
3708:
3706:, p. 245.
3693:
3681:
3669:
3657:
3637:
3625:
3608:
3596:
3581:
3569:
3557:
3542:
3530:
3518:
3506:
3494:
3481:
3469:
3463:"비교할 수 없을 만큼"
3456:
3444:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3407:
3387:
3345:
3336:
3315:
3302:
3292:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3236:
3233:
3212:Hwang Sok-yong
3180:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3169:
3162:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3119:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2996:
2991:
2989:Feral children
2986:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2937:
2934:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2810:
2809:
2804:
2796:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2776:
2775:
2774:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2378:
2373:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2359:
2356:
2282:
2279:
2237:is similar to
2171:Main article:
2168:
2165:
2093:
2090:
2032:Western Heaven
1973:
1968:
1892:, 19th century
1858:
1853:
1790:Main article:
1787:
1784:
1775:Jeju tradition
1770:
1767:
1758:Chilseong-puri
1742:
1739:
1733:, the gods of
1712:
1709:
1693:
1690:
1620:
1617:
1564:
1561:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1336:
1333:
1276:
1273:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1071:(Dong-Buyeo).
1001:
998:
868:Main article:
865:
862:
860:
857:
705:
702:
700:
697:
649:Hyeon Yong-jun
595:Korean shamans
533:munheon sinhwa
521:
518:
383:Han'guk sinhwa
349:
348:
346:
345:
338:
331:
323:
320:
319:
316:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
289:
286:
285:
282:
281:
278:
277:
269:
268:
262:
261:
255:
252:
251:
248:
247:
244:
243:
235:
234:
227:
226:
225:
210:
209:
200:
197:
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:
182:
181:
175:
174:
168:
167:
161:
158:
157:
154:
153:
145:
144:
138:
137:
125:
124:
117:
111:
110:
107:Hangung sinhwa
103:
97:
96:
84:
82:
76:
75:
63:
61:
55:
54:
50:
49:
42:
34:
33:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8193:
8182:
8179:
8177:
8174:
8172:
8169:
8167:
8164:
8163:
8161:
8146:
8145:Korean dragon
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8078:
8076:
8073:
8072:
8070:
8066:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8041:
8039:
8037:
8033:
8027:
8026:Samseonghyeol
8024:
8022:
8019:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8002:
7999:
7998:
7996:
7992:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7942:
7940:
7936:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7921:
7919:
7915:
7911:
7904:
7899:
7897:
7892:
7890:
7885:
7884:
7881:
7866:
7864:9780710304032
7860:
7856:
7855:
7849:
7848:
7844:
7830:
7824:
7820:
7819:
7813:
7812:
7800:
7794:
7790:
7789:
7783:
7782:
7770:
7764:
7760:
7759:
7753:
7752:
7740:
7734:
7730:
7729:
7723:
7722:
7717:
7713:
7709:
7705:
7701:
7697:
7692:
7691:
7686:
7682:
7678:
7674:
7670:
7666:
7662:
7658:
7654:
7650:
7646:
7641:
7640:
7628:
7622:
7618:
7617:
7611:
7610:
7598:
7592:
7588:
7587:
7581:
7580:
7575:
7561:
7557:
7553:
7549:
7545:
7541:
7539:강릉지역 여서낭신화 연구
7533:
7522:
7518:
7514:
7510:
7506:
7498:
7494:
7488:
7480:
7474:
7470:
7463:
7458:
7447:
7443:
7439:
7435:
7431:
7429:풀림과 맺힘의 서울 무속
7423:
7412:
7408:
7404:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7384:
7373:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7355:
7351:
7347:
7339:
7328:
7324:
7320:
7316:
7312:
7308:
7304:
7296:
7292:
7286:
7278:
7276:89-5638-053-8
7272:
7268:
7261:
7256:
7252:
7249:] (PhD).
7248:
7241:
7236:
7225:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7207:
7203:
7199:
7191:
7180:
7176:
7172:
7168:
7164:
7156:
7145:
7141:
7137:
7133:
7129:
7125:
7123:용비어천가의 장르적 성격
7117:
7106:
7102:
7098:
7094:
7090:
7082:
7078:
7075:] (PhD).
7074:
7067:
7062:
7051:
7047:
7043:
7039:
7035:
7027:
7023:
7017:
7002:
6996:
6992:
6988:
6984:
6978:
6967:
6963:
6959:
6955:
6951:
6947:
6942:
6935:
6924:
6920:
6916:
6912:
6908:
6900:
6889:
6887:89-88297-89-X
6883:
6879:
6875:
6871:
6865:
6850:
6846:
6842:
6838:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6818:
6817:Nishan Shaman
6814:
6813:Princess Bari
6810:
6802:
6791:
6787:
6783:
6779:
6775:
6771:
6763:
6752:
6748:
6744:
6740:
6736:
6728:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6685:
6681:
6673:
6662:
6658:
6654:
6650:
6646:
6642:
6638:
6634:
6630:
6626:
6618:
6614:
6608:
6604:
6601:
6594:
6590:
6585:
6574:
6570:
6566:
6562:
6558:
6550:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6526:
6520:
6509:
6505:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6485:
6481:
6474:
6469:
6465:
6458:
6457:Seosa muga il
6453:
6449:
6443:
6428:
6426:89-303-0820-1
6422:
6418:
6414:
6410:
6404:
6393:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6377:
6369:
6358:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6342:
6338:
6330:
6319:
6317:89-7560-505-1
6313:
6309:
6305:
6301:
6295:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6256:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6225:
6221:
6213:
6202:
6198:
6194:
6190:
6186:
6182:
6178:
6170:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6134:
6126:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6107:
6106:Jeong J. 2017
6102:
6099:
6095:
6094:Jeong J. 2017
6090:
6087:
6083:
6078:
6075:
6071:
6066:
6063:
6059:
6058:Jeong J. 2017
6054:
6051:
6047:
6046:Jeong J. 2017
6042:
6039:
6035:
6030:
6027:
6023:
6018:
6015:
6011:
6006:
6003:
5999:
5994:
5991:
5987:
5986:Hwang R. 2007
5982:
5979:
5975:
5970:
5967:
5963:
5962:Walraven 2001
5958:
5955:
5951:
5950:Chang C. 2013
5946:
5943:
5939:
5938:Chang C. 2013
5934:
5931:
5928:, p. 228
5927:
5921:
5918:
5914:
5909:
5907:
5903:
5899:
5898:Hong T. 2016b
5894:
5891:
5887:
5886:Chang C. 2013
5882:
5879:
5875:
5870:
5867:
5863:
5862:Chang C. 2013
5858:
5855:
5851:
5846:
5843:
5839:
5834:
5831:
5827:
5822:
5819:
5815:
5810:
5807:
5803:
5798:
5795:
5792:, p. 91.
5791:
5786:
5783:
5779:
5774:
5771:
5767:
5762:
5759:
5755:
5750:
5747:
5743:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5728:
5723:
5720:
5717:, p. 58.
5716:
5711:
5708:
5704:
5703:Jeong J. 2012
5699:
5696:
5692:
5691:Hong T. 2016b
5687:
5684:
5680:
5675:
5672:
5668:
5667:Hong T. 2016b
5663:
5660:
5656:
5655:Hong T. 2016b
5651:
5648:
5644:
5643:Hong T. 2016b
5639:
5636:
5632:
5631:Hong T. 2016b
5627:
5624:
5620:
5619:Hong T. 2016b
5615:
5612:
5608:
5603:
5600:
5596:
5591:
5588:
5584:
5583:Hong T. 2016b
5579:
5576:
5572:
5571:Hong T. 2016b
5567:
5564:
5560:
5559:Hong T. 2016b
5555:
5552:
5548:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5532:Hong T. 2016b
5528:
5525:
5521:
5516:
5513:
5510:, p. 59.
5509:
5508:Hong T. 2016b
5504:
5501:
5497:
5496:Hong T. 2016b
5492:
5489:
5486:, p. 21.
5485:
5484:Hong T. 2016b
5480:
5477:
5474:, p. 32.
5473:
5468:
5465:
5461:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5444:
5441:
5437:
5436:Hong T. 2016b
5432:
5429:
5425:
5420:
5417:
5413:
5408:
5405:
5401:
5400:Hong T. 2016b
5396:
5393:
5389:
5388:Hong T. 2016b
5384:
5381:
5377:
5376:Hong T. 2016b
5372:
5370:
5366:
5362:
5361:Hong T. 2016b
5357:
5354:
5350:
5349:Hong T. 2016b
5345:
5342:
5338:
5333:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5322:Hong T. 2016b
5318:
5315:
5311:
5306:
5303:
5299:
5294:
5291:
5287:
5282:
5279:
5276:, p. 20.
5275:
5270:
5267:
5263:
5258:
5255:
5251:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5234:
5231:
5227:
5222:
5219:
5215:
5210:
5207:
5203:
5198:
5195:
5191:
5186:
5183:
5179:
5174:
5171:
5167:
5162:
5159:
5155:
5150:
5147:
5143:
5138:
5135:
5131:
5126:
5123:
5119:
5114:
5112:
5110:
5106:
5102:
5101:Chang C. 2013
5096:
5093:
5090:, p. 93.
5089:
5088:Chang C. 2013
5084:
5081:
5077:
5072:
5069:
5065:
5060:
5057:
5053:
5048:
5045:
5041:
5040:Hong T. 2016b
5036:
5033:
5030:, p. 169
5029:
5023:
5020:
5016:
5011:
5009:
5005:
5002:, p. 25.
5001:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4981:Hong T. 2016b
4977:
4975:
4971:
4967:
4962:
4959:
4955:
4950:
4947:
4943:
4942:Hong T. 2008a
4938:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4925:
4924:
4919:
4918:
4913:
4912:
4905:
4900:
4897:
4893:
4888:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4873:
4870:, p. 15.
4869:
4864:
4861:
4857:
4852:
4849:
4845:
4840:
4837:
4833:
4828:
4826:
4822:
4819:, p. 14.
4818:
4813:
4810:
4806:
4801:
4798:
4794:
4793:Chang C. 2013
4789:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4774:
4771:
4767:
4762:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4747:
4744:
4740:
4735:
4732:
4728:
4727:Jeong J. 2014
4723:
4720:
4716:
4711:
4708:
4704:
4699:
4696:
4692:
4687:
4684:
4680:
4679:Chang C. 2013
4675:
4672:
4668:
4667:Hong T. 2016b
4663:
4660:
4656:
4651:
4648:
4644:
4643:Chang C. 2013
4639:
4636:
4632:
4627:
4624:
4620:
4615:
4612:
4608:
4603:
4600:
4596:
4595:Hong T. 2016b
4591:
4588:
4584:
4579:
4576:
4572:
4567:
4564:
4560:
4555:
4552:
4548:
4547:Hong T. 2016b
4543:
4540:
4536:
4535:Walraven 2001
4531:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4516:
4513:
4509:
4508:Hong T. 2016a
4504:
4501:
4497:
4492:
4489:
4486:, p. 61.
4485:
4484:Hong T. 2016c
4480:
4477:
4474:, p. 70.
4473:
4472:Hong T. 2016c
4468:
4465:
4461:
4460:Walraven 2001
4456:
4453:
4449:
4448:Walraven 2001
4444:
4441:
4437:
4436:Walraven 2001
4432:
4429:
4425:
4424:Hong T. 2008b
4420:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4405:
4402:
4398:
4397:Hong T. 2008b
4393:
4390:
4386:
4381:
4378:
4374:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4357:
4354:
4350:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4333:
4330:
4326:
4321:
4318:
4315:, p. 26.
4314:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4297:
4294:
4290:
4285:
4282:
4278:
4273:
4270:
4267:, p. 24.
4266:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4225:
4223:
4219:
4215:
4210:
4207:
4203:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4183:
4179:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4162:
4160:
4156:
4152:
4147:
4144:
4141:, p. 39.
4140:
4135:
4132:
4128:
4123:
4120:
4116:
4111:
4108:
4104:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4075:
4072:
4068:
4067:Walraven 2019
4063:
4060:
4056:
4051:
4048:
4044:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4027:
4024:
4020:
4015:
4012:
4008:
4003:
4000:
3996:
3991:
3988:
3984:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3943:
3940:
3936:
3931:
3928:
3924:
3919:
3916:
3913:, p. 81.
3912:
3907:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3871:
3868:
3865:, p. 50.
3864:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3847:
3844:
3841:, p. 80.
3840:
3835:
3832:
3828:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3811:
3808:
3805:, p. 31.
3804:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3790:, p. 35.
3789:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3760:
3757:
3754:, p. 17.
3753:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3721:
3717:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3704:Walraven 2007
3700:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3682:
3678:
3673:
3670:
3666:
3661:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3646:
3641:
3638:
3634:
3629:
3626:
3623:, p. 17.
3622:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3558:
3555:, p. 54.
3554:
3549:
3547:
3543:
3539:
3534:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3510:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3495:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3460:
3457:
3454:, p. 15.
3453:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3436:
3433:
3426:
3421:
3411:
3408:
3403:
3391:
3388:
3383:
3373:
3368:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3340:
3337:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3306:
3303:
3296:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3273:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3192:Princess Bari
3189:
3188:
3175:
3170:
3168:
3163:
3161:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2932:
2931:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2897:
2894:
2893:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2797:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2772:Kwakwakaʼwakw
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2379:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2280:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2227:
2222:
2219:Many general
2217:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2099:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2068:Princess Bari
2064:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2047:Princess Bari
2043:
2039:
2035:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1978:Princess Bari
1972:
1971:Princess Bari
1969:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1954:Middle Korean
1950:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1901:
1899:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1798:
1793:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1776:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1753:
1748:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1705:Princess Bari
1702:
1701:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1670:reincarnating
1667:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1625:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1599:Princess Bari
1595:
1594:
1588:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1545:
1544:Princess Bari
1540:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1505:
1503:
1502:Simcheong-gut
1498:
1497:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1389:
1382:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1368:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1334:
1332:
1326:
1325:
1324:Akhak Gwebeom
1319:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1294:
1293:Geumgwan Gaya
1290:
1286:
1285:Gaya polities
1282:
1281:Nakdong River
1274:
1272:
1270:
1266:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1236:
1232:
1224:dragon castle
1212:
1208:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1177:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1154:
1147:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1082:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1069:Eastern Buyeo
1066:
1061:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1007:
999:
997:
995:
991:
987:
982:
980:
976:
972:
968:
963:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
934:
916:
912:
908:
904:
899:
897:
893:
889:
885:
876:
871:
863:
858:
856:
854:
853:Geumgwan Gaya
850:
844:
842:
838:
833:
831:
830:
825:
821:
820:
815:
814:
809:
804:
802:
798:
794:
793:
788:
787:
782:
781:
776:
772:
771:
766:
765:
760:
759:
754:
753:
748:
747:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
710:
703:
698:
696:
694:
690:
686:
681:
679:
674:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
637:structuralist
634:
630:
626:
625:Choe Nam-seon
621:
619:
615:
611:
606:
602:
601:
596:
591:
579:
563:
559:
556:
545:
541:
540:
534:
519:
517:
515:
514:
513:Princess Bari
509:
505:
504:
499:
493:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
439:founding myth
436:
432:
431:
426:
425:
420:
416:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
379:
369:
359:
355:
344:
339:
337:
332:
330:
325:
324:
322:
321:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
293:Dol hareubang
291:
290:
284:
283:
276:
275:
271:
270:
267:
264:
263:
260:
257:
256:
250:
249:
242:
241:
237:
236:
233:
232:
228:
224:
223:
219:
218:
217:
216:
212:
211:
207:
206:
202:
201:
195:
194:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
176:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
162:
156:
155:
151:
147:
146:
143:
139:
135:
131:
130:
122:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
102:
98:
92:
89:
83:
81:
77:
71:
68:
62:
60:
56:
51:
46:
40:
35:
30:
27:
19:
7909:
7868:. Retrieved
7853:
7832:. Retrieved
7817:
7802:. Retrieved
7787:
7772:. Retrieved
7757:
7742:. Retrieved
7727:
7699:
7695:
7652:
7648:
7644:
7630:. Retrieved
7615:
7600:. Retrieved
7585:
7563:. Retrieved
7551:
7547:
7543:
7524:. Retrieved
7512:
7508:
7468:
7461:
7449:. Retrieved
7437:
7433:
7414:. Retrieved
7402:
7398:
7394:
7375:. Retrieved
7353:
7349:
7330:. Retrieved
7318:
7314:
7310:
7306:
7266:
7259:
7246:
7239:
7227:. Retrieved
7205:
7201:
7182:. Retrieved
7170:
7166:
7147:. Retrieved
7135:
7131:
7127:
7108:. Retrieved
7096:
7092:
7072:
7065:
7053:. Retrieved
7041:
7037:
7004:. Retrieved
6990:
6982:
6969:. Retrieved
6957:
6953:
6949:
6940:
6926:. Retrieved
6914:
6910:
6891:. Retrieved
6877:
6869:
6856:. Retrieved
6849:the original
6831:(1): 55–80.
6828:
6824:
6816:
6812:
6793:. Retrieved
6781:
6777:
6773:
6754:. Retrieved
6742:
6738:
6719:. Retrieved
6691:
6687:
6683:
6664:. Retrieved
6636:
6632:
6628:
6603:
6599:
6592:
6588:
6576:. Retrieved
6564:
6560:
6541:. Retrieved
6536:
6532:
6524:
6511:. Retrieved
6499:
6495:
6479:
6473:Seosa muga i
6472:
6463:
6456:
6430:. Retrieved
6416:
6408:
6395:. Retrieved
6383:
6379:
6360:. Retrieved
6348:
6344:
6340:
6321:. Retrieved
6307:
6299:
6286:. Retrieved
6274:
6270:
6266:
6247:. Retrieved
6227:
6223:
6204:. Retrieved
6184:
6181:Tamna Munhwa
6180:
6161:. Retrieved
6157:the original
6144:
6140:
6136:
6101:
6089:
6077:
6065:
6053:
6041:
6029:
6017:
6005:
5998:Park H. 1999
5993:
5981:
5974:Kang J. 2004
5969:
5957:
5945:
5933:
5926:Shin Y. 2017
5920:
5913:Shin Y. 2017
5893:
5881:
5874:Gang G. 2003
5869:
5857:
5845:
5833:
5821:
5809:
5797:
5785:
5773:
5766:Hong T. 2002
5761:
5749:
5722:
5710:
5698:
5686:
5674:
5662:
5650:
5638:
5626:
5614:
5602:
5590:
5578:
5566:
5554:
5527:
5515:
5503:
5491:
5479:
5467:
5455:
5443:
5431:
5419:
5407:
5395:
5383:
5356:
5344:
5317:
5310:Kang S. 2008
5305:
5293:
5281:
5269:
5257:
5245:
5233:
5221:
5209:
5197:
5185:
5173:
5161:
5149:
5137:
5130:Gang G. 2003
5125:
5103:, p. 93
5095:
5083:
5076:Hong T. 2002
5071:
5064:Hong T. 2002
5059:
5052:Hong T. 2002
5047:
5035:
5028:Hong T. 2002
5022:
5015:Hong T. 2002
5000:Hong T. 2002
4966:Hong T. 2002
4961:
4954:Choi J. 2011
4949:
4937:
4927:
4923:Donjeon-puri
4921:
4915:
4910:
4899:
4887:
4875:
4868:Hong T. 2002
4863:
4851:
4844:Hong T. 2002
4839:
4832:Hong T. 2002
4817:Hong T. 2002
4812:
4800:
4778:Hong T. 2002
4773:
4766:Hong T. 2013
4751:Hong T. 2002
4746:
4739:Kang J. 2004
4734:
4722:
4715:Hong T. 2002
4710:
4703:Hong T. 2002
4698:
4693:, p. 4.
4691:Hong T. 2002
4686:
4674:
4662:
4655:Hong T. 2002
4650:
4638:
4631:Hong T. 2002
4626:
4614:
4607:Hong T. 2002
4602:
4590:
4583:Hong T. 2002
4578:
4571:Hong T. 2002
4566:
4554:
4542:
4515:
4503:
4491:
4479:
4467:
4455:
4443:
4431:
4404:
4392:
4380:
4368:
4356:
4344:
4337:Grayson 2011
4332:
4325:Grayson 2011
4320:
4313:Grayson 2011
4308:
4296:
4284:
4272:
4260:
4248:
4236:
4209:
4197:
4185:
4173:
4146:
4139:Grayson 2011
4134:
4122:
4110:
4098:
4086:
4074:
4062:
4050:
4038:
4026:
4014:
4002:
3990:
3978:
3966:
3954:
3942:
3930:
3918:
3906:
3894:
3887:Grayson 2011
3882:
3875:Grayson 2011
3870:
3858:
3851:Grayson 2011
3846:
3834:
3822:
3810:
3803:Grayson 2011
3783:
3771:
3759:
3747:
3735:
3723:
3711:
3684:
3672:
3660:
3652:
3651:), 242-245 (
3648:
3640:
3628:
3599:
3592:Shin D. 2002
3577:Kang J. 2004
3572:
3560:
3553:Kang J. 2004
3533:
3526:Hong T. 2002
3521:
3516:, p. 6.
3509:
3502:Hong T. 2002
3497:
3490:Hong T. 2002
3484:
3479:, p. 3.
3472:
3467:, p. 46
3465:Kang J. 2004
3459:
3447:
3435:
3410:
3390:
3339:
3329:
3323:
3318:
3310:
3305:
3295:
3287:
3280:
3275:
3228:
3222:
3215:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3074:Culture hero
2918:West African
2856:Proto-Uralic
2698:Californian
2654:Mesopotamian
2608:
2341:
2322:
2318:World War II
2310:
2306:
2300:
2274:
2270:
2261:
2259:
2254:
2244:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2220:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2190:
2188:
2182:
2158:
2126:
2122:
2112:
2109:
2083:
2067:
2065:
2057:
2050:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2021:mountain god
2004:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1970:
1957:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1902:
1895:
1874:
1862:
1860:
1855:
1844:
1828:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1779:
1772:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1714:
1704:
1700:Seongju-puri
1698:
1695:
1692:West-Central
1685:
1679:
1663:
1659:Donjeon-puri
1657:
1653:
1647:
1640:
1630:
1608:
1597:
1591:
1566:
1549:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1528:
1518:
1508:
1501:
1496:Simcheong-ga
1494:
1493:adapted the
1488:
1471:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1456:filial piety
1445:
1432:
1426:
1415:
1411:polytheistic
1400:
1399:sung during
1394:
1357:
1340:
1338:
1329:
1322:
1308:Heo Hwang'ok
1303:
1301:
1288:
1278:
1261:
1255:
1240:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1180:
1178:
1160:The ancient
1159:
1134:describes a
1129:
1127:
1119:
1110:
1104:
1098:
1086:
1073:
1065:Sea of Japan
1040:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1009:
1003:
986:Korean state
983:
958:
935:
900:
895:
887:
881:
845:
840:
834:
827:
823:
817:
811:
805:
790:
784:
778:
768:
762:
756:
750:
744:
726:
715:
692:
688:
682:
660:
633:Kim Yeol-gyu
622:
613:
605:mythological
598:
568:
544:historicized
537:
523:
520:Introduction
511:
501:
494:
471:
465:recorded in
428:
422:
415:historicized
412:
353:
352:
272:
238:
229:
220:
213:
203:
171:
44:
26:
7655:: 113–141.
7554:: 481–514.
7544:seonang-sin
7440:: 139–163.
7356:: 113–138.
7208:: 171–199.
7173:: 219–242.
7099:: 113–136.
6694:: 245–271.
6639:: 229–264.
6567:: 365–402.
6351:: 219–256.
6277:: 183–207.
6267:Cheoyong-ga
6187:: 251–282.
6116:Works cited
6082:Yoo S. 2018
6070:Lee K. 2012
6034:Pyo I. 1994
6022:Pyo I. 1994
6010:Pyo I. 1994
5754:Kim H. 1999
5742:Kim H. 1999
5727:Kim H. 1999
5472:Lee J. 2000
5460:Seo D. 2001
5448:Seo D. 2001
5424:Lee C. 2000
5337:Seo D. 2001
5298:Kim H. 1994
5286:Kim H. 1994
5274:Kim H. 1994
5262:Kim H. 1994
5250:Kim H. 1994
5238:Kim H. 1994
5226:Kim H. 1994
5214:Kim H. 1994
5202:Kim H. 1994
5190:Kim H. 1994
5178:Kim H. 1994
5166:Kim H. 1994
5154:Kim H. 1994
5142:Kim H. 1994
5118:Kim H. 1999
4904:Kim H. 1999
4892:Kim H. 1999
4880:Kim H. 1999
4856:Lee S. 2008
4805:Sim S. 2019
4619:Pettid 2003
4559:Pettid 2000
4520:Cho H. 2001
4496:Pettid 2003
4409:Seo D. 2001
4385:Seo H. 2009
4373:Seo H. 2009
4361:Kim M. 2010
4349:Kim M. 2010
4301:Seo D. 2001
4289:Seo D. 2001
4277:Lee J. 2000
4265:Seo D. 2001
4253:Lee J. 2000
4241:Lee J. 2000
4229:Lee J. 2000
4214:Lee J. 2000
4202:Seo D. 2001
4190:Seo D. 2001
4178:Seo D. 2001
4166:Lee J. 2000
4151:Lee J. 2000
4127:Lee J. 2000
4115:Seo D. 2001
4103:Lee J. 2000
4091:Lee J. 2000
4079:Seo D. 2001
4055:Seo D. 2001
4043:Lee J. 2000
4031:Lee J. 2000
4019:Lee J. 2000
4007:Lee J. 2000
3995:Lee J. 2000
3983:Lee J. 2000
3971:Lee J. 2000
3959:Lee J. 2000
3947:Lee J. 2000
3935:Lee J. 2000
3911:Lee J. 2000
3899:Seo Y. 1987
3863:Seo D. 2001
3839:Lee J. 2000
3827:Lee J. 2000
3815:Lee J. 2000
3788:Seo D. 2001
3776:Lee J. 2000
3764:Seo D. 2001
3752:Lee J. 2000
3740:Seo D. 2001
3728:Lee J. 2000
3716:Seo D. 2001
3689:Cho K. 1990
3677:Lee J. 2000
3665:Lee J. 2000
3645:Lee J. 2000
3633:Seo D. 2001
3621:Seo D. 2001
3604:Ryu J. 2018
3565:Seo D. 2001
3538:Seo D. 2001
3514:Seo D. 2001
3492:, p. 4
3488:"살아 있는 신화"
3477:Seo D. 2001
3452:Kim H. 1994
3440:Seo D. 2001
3311:Samguk yusa
3210:. In 2007,
3204:flash games
2673:Algonquian
2659:Micronesian
2552:Anglo-Saxon
2375:Mythologies
2076:Prince Sado
1752:Jangja-puri
1633:North Korea
1604:Jeju Island
1552:Greco-Roman
1550:Unlike the
1519:Jemyeon-gut
1509:Jemyeon-gut
1341:Samguk yusa
1304:Samguk yusa
1289:Samguk yusa
1269:patrilineal
1211:Seok Talhae
1203:Samguk yusa
1182:Samguk yusa
1123:pastoralism
1111:Samguk sagi
1024:Samguk sagi
1010:Samguk sagi
896:Jewang ungi
888:Samguk yusa
786:Book of Wei
764:Eungje siju
758:Jewang ungi
752:Samguk yusa
746:Samguk sagi
722:euhemerized
673:dang sinhwa
657:Seo Daeseok
645:myth-ritual
641:comparative
629:Yi Pyong-do
578:gubi sinhwa
539:Samguk yusa
498:Jeju Island
467:genealogies
430:Samguk yusa
424:Samguk sagi
380::
370::
360::
308:Seonangdang
53:Korean name
8160:Categories
8130:Seonangsin
8021:Mangbuseok
7311:Manse-baji
7263:한국 서사무가 연구
7243:全南의 堂神話 硏究
7138:: 83–106.
6917:: 85–125.
5778:Bruno 2007
4929:Jin'gajang
3422:References
3107:Euhemerism
2913:Vietnamese
2846:Polynesian
2841:Philippine
2819:Talamancan
2649:Melanesian
2619:Lusitanian
2589:Indonesian
2450:Cantabrian
2415:Lithuanian
2287:Seonangsin
2285:See also:
2096:See also:
1992:Big Dipper
1898:alms round
1886:Yongsan-gu
1839:Shakyamuni
1763:Big Dipper
1721:Gyeongsang
1717:East Coast
1665:Jim'gajang
1577:parameter.
1448:subversive
1437:Christians
1235:Silla king
1192:Hyeokgeose
1172:, and the
1081:Yalu River
994:domination
967:Folklorist
590:seosa muga
490:patriarchy
486:subversive
474:narratives
459:Hyeokgeose
8110:Bulgasari
8095:Inmyeonjo
8090:Gunungsin
8085:Egg ghost
7708:1882-6865
7685:163048022
7669:1529-1529
7560:2713-7775
7521:1738-1614
7515:: 57–79.
7487:cite book
7446:1975-5740
7411:1229-6953
7405:: 67–95.
7372:1598-4176
7327:1738-1614
7285:cite book
7224:1598-4176
7179:1227-0962
7144:0451-0097
7105:1598-737X
7050:1738-1614
7016:cite book
6966:1598-2076
6960:: 31–68.
6950:Bari-degi
6941:Bari-degi
6923:1975-5740
6845:1598-3501
6790:2713-7775
6784:: 38–87.
6751:1598-2076
6716:186507056
6708:1226-3850
6661:241076705
6653:1226-7341
6573:1598-1010
6508:1225-4576
6502:: 19–31.
6491:단군 숭배의 역사
6442:cite book
6412:한국 신화의 연구
6392:1229-8921
6386:: 28–45.
6357:2713-7775
6303:한국의 창세 신화
6283:1226-5578
6244:1229-8298
6230:: 45–83.
6201:1226-5306
6153:1975-5740
3923:Shin 2006
3427:Footnotes
3402:Bari-degi
3279:The term
3216:Bari-degi
3196:feminists
3139:Symbolism
3079:Folk hero
2979:Creatures
2974:Creations
2798:Puebloan
2682:Blackfoot
2584:Hungarian
2435:Brazilian
2366:Mythology
2333:Gwangyang
2247:Confucian
2154:hunchback
2135:sonnim-ne
2082:folktale
1949:hwanggeum
1650:narrative
1587:muga-gwon
1573:requires
1515:Gangneung
1511:narrative
1504:narrative
1441:Buddhists
1136:barbarian
1020:epic poem
946:Pyongyang
837:Yi Gyu-bo
824:Goryeo-sa
813:Goryeo-sa
584:서사무가/徐事巫歌
572:구비신화/口碑神話
549:건국신화/建國神話
527:문헌신화/文獻神話
298:Jangseung
259:Cosmogony
240:Sinbyeong
8135:Sosamsin
8080:Dokkaebi
8036:Bon-puri
7834:June 27,
7804:June 24,
7774:June 24,
7744:June 23,
7677:23719709
7632:June 23,
7602:June 24,
7565:June 30,
7526:June 23,
7451:June 24,
7416:June 24,
7377:June 23,
7332:June 25,
7321:: 7–29.
7229:June 26,
7149:June 23,
7055:June 29,
7044:: 7–42.
6928:June 19,
6893:June 23,
6858:June 29,
6815:and the
6795:June 25,
6745:: 7–31.
6721:June 29,
6666:June 30,
6629:bon-puri
6578:June 29,
6543:June 24,
6513:June 23,
6432:June 23,
6397:June 30,
6362:June 25,
6288:June 23,
6249:June 29,
6206:June 26,
6147:: 5–36.
6137:bon-puri
5099:"신나락하는"
4917:Seng-gut
3649:Kingdoms
3235:See also
3229:bon-puri
3208:musicals
3144:Theology
3112:Folklore
3091:See also
2951:National
2941:Creation
2866:Romanian
2826:Ossetian
2814:Selk'nam
2782:Ho-Chunk
2754:Iroquois
2629:Malagasy
2599:Japanese
2537:Frankish
2532:Germanic
2527:Georgian
2512:Etruscan
2507:Estonian
2497:Egyptian
2475:Scottish
2440:Buddhist
2419:Prussian
2392:Armenian
2382:Albanian
2275:bon-puri
2271:bon-puri
2262:bon-puri
2221:bon-puri
2214:bon-puri
2209:bon-puri
2205:bon-puri
2201:bon-puri
2191:bon-puri
2173:Bon-puri
2145:smallpox
2140:smallpox
1930:Seng-gut
1835:Maitreya
1831:Buddhist
1735:smallpox
1686:de facto
1682:defected
1674:Hwanghae
1648:Seng-gut
1619:Northern
1596:and the
1349:smallpox
1241:bon-puri
1187:Gyeongju
1006:Goguryeo
884:Gojoseon
864:Gojoseon
733:Goguryeo
729:Gojoseon
678:feminist
447:Goguryeo
222:Bon-puri
159:Features
134:a series
132:Part of
8140:Ungnyeo
7870:July 1,
7716:1179082
7576:English
7397:].
7313:].
7184:July 6,
7130:].
7110:July 1,
7006:June 6,
6971:July 1,
6952:].
6776:].
6756:July 1,
6686:].
6631:].
6343:].
6323:May 31,
6163:July 1,
3357:theonym
3220:Webtoon
3029:Sources
3014:Objects
3002:Culture
2998:Heroes
2984:Deities
2903:Tibetan
2836:Persian
2734:Guarani
2724:Choctaw
2719:Chilote
2677:Abenaki
2614:Lugbara
2594:Italian
2579:Hittite
2569:Guanche
2517:Finnish
2502:English
2487:Chinese
2465:Cornish
2445:Catalan
2411:Latvian
2387:Arabian
2329:dragons
2301:geumjul
2072:Jeongjo
2023:, or a
1958:han kem
1956:phrase
1582:무가권/巫歌圈
1312:Shangdi
1218:
1131:Lunheng
1079:of the
1042:Haeburu
962:totemic
938:mugwort
922:
903:Hwanung
792:Lunheng
667:당신화/堂神話
597:during
404:shamans
392:Koreans
253:Beliefs
208:(-dang)
8120:Sansin
8105:Munsin
8100:Kumiho
8075:Bulgae
7861:
7825:
7795:
7765:
7735:
7714:
7706:
7683:
7675:
7667:
7623:
7593:
7558:
7519:
7475:
7444:
7409:
7370:
7325:
7273:
7222:
7177:
7142:
7103:
7048:
6997:
6964:
6921:
6884:
6843:
6819:]
6788:
6749:
6714:
6706:
6659:
6651:
6609:
6571:
6506:
6476:서사무가 2
6460:서사무가 1
6423:
6390:
6355:
6314:
6281:
6242:
6199:
6151:
6121:Korean
3374:, and
3367:Jeseok
3300:myths.
3187:Jumong
3024:Places
2994:Floods
2956:Origin
2923:Yoruba
2908:Turkic
2886:Talysh
2881:Somali
2876:Slavic
2831:Papuan
2792:Pawnee
2787:Lakota
2764:Muisca
2707:Ohlone
2687:Lenape
2664:Mongol
2644:Meitei
2624:Maasai
2609:Korean
2557:Gothic
2522:French
2460:Breton
2455:Celtic
2425:Basque
2407:Baltic
2402:Berber
2351:wonhon
2297:Andong
2149:border
2080:Manchu
2017:Buddha
1871:Samsin
1747:Jeolla
1741:Jeolla
1656:; the
1538:gongsu
1418:Joseon
1287:. The
1258:, 1656
1231:Hogong
1168:, the
1107:Baekje
1094:Jumong
1089:Geumwa
1060:geumwa
952:sends
907:Hwanin
892:Iryeon
870:Dangun
808:Goryeo
797:stelae
767:, and
735:, and
643:, and
451:Jumong
443:nation
435:Dangun
376:;
366:;
358:Korean
313:Sotdae
274:Mengdu
266:Sansin
59:Hangul
8001:Arang
7994:Tales
7712:JSTOR
7681:S2CID
7673:JSTOR
7467:[
7265:[
7245:[
7071:[
6989:[
6876:[
6852:(PDF)
6821:(PDF)
6712:S2CID
6657:S2CID
6598:[
6531:[
6478:[
6462:[
6415:[
6306:[
3382:Sejon
3377:세존/世尊
3372:Indra
3362:제석/帝釋
3267:Notes
3117:Epics
3069:Twins
3047:Deity
3019:Pairs
2968:Lists
2946:Flood
2935:Types
2861:Roman
2749:Inuit
2739:Haida
2729:Creek
2714:Chaná
2702:Miwok
2694:Aztec
2639:Mbuti
2634:Māori
2604:Kongo
2574:Hindu
2564:Greek
2547:Norse
2480:Welsh
2470:Irish
2430:Bantu
2345:원혼/願魂
2267:China
2161:Seoul
2052:karma
2025:stork
2012:beori
1963:한 ᄀᆞᆷ
1944:황금/黃金
1890:Seoul
1848:gourd
1484:Ansan
1429:Seoul
1162:Silla
1148:Silla
1115:Seoul
1046:Buyeo
979:Jinmu
911:Indra
849:Buyeo
737:Silla
455:Silla
388:myths
368:Hanja
363:한국 신화
80:Hanja
7929:Mago
7872:2020
7859:ISBN
7836:2020
7823:ISBN
7806:2020
7793:ISBN
7776:2020
7763:ISBN
7746:2020
7733:ISBN
7704:ISSN
7665:ISSN
7634:2020
7621:ISBN
7604:2020
7591:ISBN
7567:2020
7556:ISSN
7528:2020
7517:ISSN
7493:link
7473:ISBN
7453:2020
7442:ISSN
7418:2020
7407:ISSN
7379:2020
7368:ISSN
7334:2020
7323:ISSN
7291:link
7271:ISBN
7231:2020
7220:ISSN
7186:2020
7175:ISSN
7151:2020
7140:ISSN
7112:2020
7101:ISSN
7057:2020
7046:ISSN
7022:link
7008:2020
6995:ISBN
6973:2020
6962:ISSN
6930:2020
6919:ISSN
6895:2020
6882:ISBN
6860:2020
6841:ISSN
6797:2020
6786:ISSN
6758:2020
6747:ISSN
6723:2020
6704:ISSN
6668:2020
6649:ISSN
6607:ISBN
6580:2020
6569:ISSN
6545:2020
6515:2020
6504:ISSN
6448:link
6434:2020
6421:ISBN
6399:2020
6388:ISSN
6364:2020
6353:ISSN
6325:2020
6312:ISBN
6290:2020
6279:ISSN
6251:2020
6240:ISSN
6208:2020
6197:ISSN
6165:2020
6149:ISSN
3397:바리데기
3355:The
3282:myth
3057:Type
3007:Folk
2896:Thai
2871:Sámi
2807:Zuni
2802:Hopi
2759:Maya
2744:Inca
2492:Efik
2066:The
1976:The
1861:The
1837:and
1824:feet
1819:seom
1773:The
1769:Jeju
1745:The
1719:and
1372:carp
1353:song
1297:Suro
1275:Gaya
1265:Alji
1246:Jeju
1215:lit.
1207:Gaya
1201:The
1170:Seok
1100:Yuri
992:and
954:Jizi
919:lit.
653:Jeju
472:The
427:and
413:The
400:oral
373:韓國神話
231:Muak
7657:doi
7647:".
7395:gut
7358:doi
7307:gut
7210:doi
7136:103
6833:doi
6696:doi
6641:doi
6232:doi
6189:doi
3653:Wei
3394:Or
3288:not
3206:to
2891:Tai
2257:."
2196:본풀이
2159:In
2130:손님네
1983:gut
1780:gut
1554:or
1532:gut
1468:gut
1439:or
1433:gut
1402:gut
1174:Kim
1166:Bak
1077:god
614:gut
600:gut
476:of
215:Gut
8162::
7710:.
7700:62
7698:.
7679:.
7671:.
7663:.
7653:24
7651:.
7552:24
7550:.
7513:33
7511:.
7489:}}
7485:{{
7438:27
7436:.
7403:58
7401:.
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7319:16
7317:.
7287:}}
7283:{{
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4926:,
4920:,
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2008:버리
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1888:,
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1367:eo
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1194:.
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1055:金蛙
1052::
761:,
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670:,
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587:,
575:,
552:,
530:,
492:.
469:.
378:MR
205:Mu
136:on
91:神話
88:韓國
70:신화
67:한국
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