60:
943:
413:
44:
428:
67:
257:
Inside the castle are the remains of two
Armenian chapels - both probably from the 13th century. Both are heavily ruined; one is located in the central spur of the castle, the other inside a semicircular tower in the east wall of the southeast bailey.
254:-era (i.e., post 1375) construction and which carries an Arabic inscription, and, beyond this corridor and at the rear of the Armenian-constructed main entrance, a simpler gateway that may have been the original Byzantine entrance to the site.
264:
The royal palace of the
Armenian kings was a separate fortified structure located just below the castle. It was destroyed in 1375 during the Mamluk siege and capture of Sis. Two corner towers of its
261:
The castle consists of two sections in a single outer rampart. There are 44 bastions on the rampart. The inner castle is in the southern section. There are also utility vaults used for storage.
962:
231:
period. In 705 an Arab attack on the town was repelled, but its
Christian population later abandoned the settlement and Sis became a fortified frontier post of the
342:
972:
401:
250:
Almost all of the castle dates from the period of the
Armenian kingdom, the main possible exceptions being a vaulted entrance corridor which could be a
967:
379:
90:
59:
394:
617:
244:
240:
188:
387:
251:
247:, the city became its capital after the capital was transferred from Anavarza sometime between 1180 and 1190.
627:
552:
832:
977:
437:
216:. 130 metres (430 ft) high Kozan city is just to the north of the castle. All nearby castles (like
727:
687:
532:
497:
782:
572:
236:
872:
747:
837:
537:
712:
667:
637:
547:
542:
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239:
recaptured Sis, but nothing is known about its subsequent history until its capture in 1113 by
902:
857:
767:
672:
607:
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417:
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842:
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787:
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487:
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217:
612:
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822:
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662:
652:
642:
597:
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562:
527:
517:
512:
482:
175:
30:
364:
956:
907:
867:
802:
762:
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462:
447:
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827:
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942:
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43:
203:
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105:
92:
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286:
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697:
427:
632:
932:
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757:
375:
Carefully documented photographic survey and plan of Sis Castle / Kozan
717:
602:
492:
412:
331:
Ecclesiastical
Architecture in the Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia
179:
34:
374:
185:
The castle is situated on a 400 metres (1,300 ft) high hill at
369:
265:
383:
227:
There is no record of fortifications at the site prior to the
243:, ruler of Cilician Armenia. After Kozan was captured by the
299:
297:
352:, Presses de l’Université Saint-Joseph, Beyrouth, 2012.
350:
Les Arméniens de
Cilicie. Habitat, mémoire et identité
149:
144:
134:
129:
121:
84:
18:
395:
346:La cathédrale de Sis. Essai de reconstitution
8:
963:Buildings and structures in Adana Province
402:
388:
380:
15:
276:
318:The Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia
305:The Fortifications of Armenian Cilicia
7:
282:
280:
224:) are observable from Kozan castle.
66:
973:Byzantine fortifications in Turkey
14:
941:
426:
411:
235:. In 962 a Byzantine army under
65:
58:
42:
1:
968:Armenian buildings in Turkey
344:, citing Lévon Nordiguian,
245:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
994:
939:
433:
424:
53:
41:
28:
23:
618:İbrahim Pasha Casemates
287:Kozan Municipality page
167:
162:(Medieval: Sis Castle
438:Afyonkarahisar Castle
333:, p170, DOP 36, 1982.
204:37.44167°N 35.80972°E
106:37.44167°N 35.80972°E
628:Kahramanmaraş Castle
370:Images of the castle
365:Images of the castle
237:Nikephoros II Phokas
553:Diyarbakır Fortress
316:Robert W. Edwards,
303:Robert W. Edwards,
200: /
102: /
24:Part of Many states
713:Kuzucubelen Castle
638:Karacahisar Castle
583:Güvercinada Castle
498:Belenkeşlik Castle
329:Robert W. Edwards
209:37.44167; 35.80972
111:37.44167; 35.80972
950:
949:
903:Yedikule Fortress
508:Bodrumkale Castle
418:Castles in Turkey
268:remain standing.
170:) is a castle in
157:
156:
985:
945:
833:Şanlıurfa Castle
783:Roche de Roissel
748:Meydancık Castle
658:Kastamonu Castle
568:Gaziantep Castle
430:
416:
415:
404:
397:
390:
381:
359:External sources
353:
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321:
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292:
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215:
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130:Site information
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100:
99:
98:
95:
69:
68:
62:
46:
37:
16:
993:
992:
988:
987:
986:
984:
983:
982:
953:
952:
951:
946:
937:
928:Zerzevan Castle
913:Yeniyurt Castle
858:Tekkadın Castle
788:Roche-Guillaume
738:Marmaris Castle
728:Mancınık Castle
533:Çandarlı Castle
523:Bozcaada Castle
488:Babakale Castle
473:Anavarza Castle
458:Amasra Fortress
443:Akçakoca Castle
431:
420:
410:
408:
361:
356:
341:
337:
328:
324:
315:
311:
302:
295:
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218:Anavarza Castle
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137:the public
136:
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49:
29:
12:
11:
5:
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936:
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925:
920:
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905:
900:
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890:
885:
880:
878:Trabzon Castle
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
823:Sinop Fortress
820:
815:
813:Silifke Castle
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
673:Kevgürk Castle
670:
665:
663:Kayseri Castle
660:
655:
650:
645:
643:Karaman Castle
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
615:
610:
608:Hisarın Castle
605:
600:
598:Hebilli Castle
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
558:Eğirdir Castle
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
528:Cemilli Castle
525:
520:
518:Boyabat Castle
515:
513:Bolaman Castle
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
483:Ardahan Castle
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
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421:
409:
407:
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372:
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309:
293:
275:
273:
270:
176:Adana Province
155:
154:
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147:
146:
142:
141:
138:
132:
131:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
86:
82:
81:
72:
71:
64:
63:
57:
56:
55:
54:
51:
50:
48:From northwest
47:
39:
38:
31:Adana Province
26:
25:
21:
20:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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934:
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929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
908:Yelbiz Castle
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
868:Tokmar Castle
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
843:Şeytan Castle
841:
839:
838:Şavşat Castle
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
803:Samsun Castle
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
789:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
774:
771:
769:
766:
764:
763:Pertek Castle
761:
759:
758:Namrun Castle
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
743:Meydan Castle
741:
739:
736:
734:
733:Mardin Castle
731:
729:
726:
724:
723:Mamure Castle
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
706:
704:
701:
699:
696:
694:
693:Kızlar Kalesi
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
659:
656:
654:
651:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
603:Hemite Castle
601:
599:
596:
594:
593:Harran Castle
591:
589:
588:Harput Castle
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
538:Çandır Castle
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
503:Bodrum Castle
501:
499:
496:
494:
493:Bagras Castle
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
478:Ankara Castle
476:
474:
471:
469:
468:Anadoluhisarı
466:
464:
463:Amasya Castle
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
448:Alanya Castle
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
435:
429:
423:
419:
414:
405:
400:
398:
393:
391:
386:
385:
382:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
362:
358:
351:
347:
343:
339:
336:
332:
326:
323:
320:, p235, 1987.
319:
313:
310:
307:, p234, 1987.
306:
300:
298:
294:
288:
283:
281:
277:
271:
269:
267:
262:
259:
255:
253:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
213:
183:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
152:
148:
143:
139:
133:
128:
124:
120:
115:
87:
83:
61:
52:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
17:
978:Kozan, Adana
923:Yoros Castle
863:Tokat Castle
828:Softa Castle
818:Sinap Castle
793:Rumelihisari
708:Kozan Castle
707:
613:Hoşap Castle
578:Gözne Castle
573:Gömeç Kulesi
548:Dağlı Castle
543:Çeşme Castle
453:Alara Castle
349:
345:
338:
330:
325:
317:
312:
304:
290:(in Turkish)
263:
260:
256:
249:
226:
184:
168:Kozan Kalesi
160:Kozan Castle
159:
158:
145:Site history
135:Open to
73:Kozan Castle
19:Kozan Castle
893:Yaka Castle
853:Tece Castle
848:Şile Castle
808:Sarvandikar
778:Rize Castle
773:Riva Castle
678:Kızıl Tower
653:Kars Castle
648:Kara Castle
563:Foça Castle
207: /
109: /
85:Coordinates
957:Categories
898:Van Castle
873:Toprakkale
753:Mut Castle
703:Koz Castle
698:Kol Kalesi
683:Kiz Kulesi
623:Kadifekale
272:References
195:35°48′35″E
192:37°26′30″N
153:Most of it
150:Demolished
97:35°48′35″E
94:37°26′30″N
918:Yılankale
888:Turbessel
883:Trapessac
688:Kızkalesi
233:Abbasid's
229:Byzantine
222:Yılankale
768:Ravendel
633:Kalepark
125:Fortress
933:Zilkale
798:Rumkale
241:Toros I
164:Turkish
718:Loulon
668:Kaysun
266:donjon
252:Mamluk
180:Turkey
35:Turkey
172:Kozan
220:and
122:Type
348:in
140:Yes
959::
296:^
279:^
182:.
178:,
174:,
166::
33:,
403:e
396:t
389:v
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