789:
divided into three shock groups (Group
Koptsov, Group Bogdanov, and Group Mostovenko) by its commander. Each shock group was built around a tank corps and included a rifle division and artillery units. Group Mostovenko included two rifle brigades instead of a motor rifle brigade. The first echelon, tasked with the breakthrough, included three rifle divisions and a rifle brigade. The second echelon consisted of nine tank and three motor rifle brigades, and in the third echelon were the 1st Guards Motor Rifle Division, the 179th Tank Brigade, the 8th Motorcycle Regiment, and the 54th Motorcycle Battalion. The orders for the offensive were issued on 18 August, giving three days of preparation to division and brigade commanders, although the late-arriving 154th and 264th Divisions of the 3rd Tank Army had only a day to prepare. On the night of 20–21 August, the 154th and 264th Rifle Divisions, tasked with the initial breakthrough in 3rd Tank Army's sector, moved into their jumping-off positions.
815:
to have been false when the 15th Corps' screening detachment was ambushed and completely destroyed upon approaching the village, and vanguard led by
Koptsov was involved in heavy fighting. The corps' 105th Heavy Tank Brigade and 17th Motor Rifle Brigade launched an attack on the village, taking it at 17:00 and dislodging the 56th Division's 192nd Infantry Regiment after losing seven tanks, but were unable to continue the advance. Meanwhile, the 154th and 264th Rifle Divisions, supported by the 12th Tank Corps, captured the villages of Ozernenskoye, Ozerno and Goskovo, but the southern group of the 61st Army made no progress. On the first day, the three shock groups advanced less than 5 kilometers (3.1 mi). Meanwhile, Group Mostovenko bypassed German resistance, reaching the Vytebet by 24 August, and captured the village of Belyy Kamen on 26 August, but could advance no further.
819:
company, was cut off by German forces and wasn't taken out of the encirclement by the 106th
Brigade until the end of the day. Romanenko committed his reserve, the 1st Guards Motor Rifle Division, to assist the 15th Tank Corps' attack on 23 August in the center of the army's assault. However, by this time, Clößner had shifted the 11th and 20th Panzer Divisions to stiffen the German infantry. That night, another attack failed due to poor coordination and the lack of a detailed plan. At dawn on 24 August, after suffering heavy losses in exchange for an advance of 1–2 kilometers (0.62–1.24 mi), the 3rd Tank Army was again stopped by German tanks and aircraft. By the end of 24 August, only 10 serviceable tanks were left in the 12th Corps' 30th Tank Brigade.
854:
massive German air attacks, Group
Mostovenko took Volosovo, and after crossing the Vytebet, the 1st Guards Motor Rifle Division seized Zhukovo and Volosovo. The heaviest fighting took place in the center, near the village of Ozhigovo, which was attacked by the 264th. It took until the morning of 3 September to drive German troops out of the village, after a night attack by the 17th Motor Rifle Brigade and the 113th and 195th Tank Brigades. The 15th was to exploit the breakthrough, however, the 195th, advancing to Perestryazh, was counterattacked and halted by German tanks, of which 13 were claimed destroyed by Soviet forces. Despite this, the offensive had to be halted, and Group Mostovenko failed to advance during the day.
162:
150:
138:
126:
473:
90:
709:
mortar regiments. However, the army's shock group consisted of the 322nd Rifle
Division and two cavalry divisions, the 2nd and 7th Guards, while the rest of the units were concentrated on the army's center and right flank. The 16th Army's 9th and 10th Tank Corps amounted to roughly 100 tanks, for a total of around 700 tanks involved in the offensive. The 61st Army's southern group included two rifle divisions, three rifle brigades, a fighter anti-tank brigade, two tank brigades, and three artillery regiments from the RVGK. The three Soviet armies fielded a total of 218,000 troops.
177:
103:
823:
penetration, but were also halted on 25 August. By the end of the same day, Group
Mostovenko and the 15th Corps cleared German resistance from positions east of the Vytebet and reached the river, but were unable to cross. The 12th Tank Corps, the 154th and 264th Divisions, and the southern group of the 61st Army unsuccessfully attacked to the west and southwest during this period, in some areas advancing 1–1.5 kilometers (0.62–0.93 mi).
827:
a march of 15 kilometers (9.3 mi), the 15th went on the offensive, but was again unsuccessful. After the 15th had been repulsed, the 11th and 20th Panzer
Divisions launched a counterattack, forcing Romanenko to withdraw the 15th Tank Corps to the Novogryn area to create an operational reserve.By the morning of 27 August, the German counterattack was thrown back, and the 15th was transferred to the left flank in the
862:
Army's left flank advanced south instead of east towards the 3rd Tank Army, slowly forcing the German troops back to a previous defensive position. By 29 August, the army's left flank had reached the line of
Gretnya, Vosty, and Volosovo, having advanced between 1–5 kilometers (0.62–3.11 mi) in eight days. A rifle division from the army reserve was sent into the fight in the Gretnya area, but was also unsuccessful.
871:
committed. Soviet tank losses in the operation numbered up to 500 tanks, out of the original 700. For the period between 22 and 29 August, the Soviet troops suffered casualties of 12,134 killed and 22,415 wounded for a total of 34,549 out of an initial strength of 218,412 men. The fighting did, however, divert scarce German Panzer divisions and air units from the main attack in the south.
802:
break through, although they were able to capture the village of
Goskovo and advance to Myzin in the morning before being halted by German tanks moved up from the second line. At 07:20, Zhukov committed the 12th Tank Corps, led by the 30th and 106th Tank Brigades. After outrunning their supporting infantry, the corps was stopped by strong German defenses, minefields, and air strikes by
857:
On the evening of 3 September, the 3rd Tank Corps was withdrawn to the RVGK as a result of its heavy losses. From 5 to 9 September, the tank brigades remaining in the bridgehead over the
Vytebet, supported by infantry, attempted to resume the offensive, but failed due to counterattacks by the 9th and
840:
On the next night, the 15th was pulled out of the line and by the morning of 30 August concentrated in the forests south of Meshalkino. An attack with Group Bogdanov towards Sorokino was planned, but was instead cancelled due to the 12th Tank Corps' heavy losses. During the day, the corps' 195th Tank
806:
Stukas and other bombers in the Goskovo area after an advance of 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) by noon. The 15th Corps' T-34-equipped 113th Tank Brigade was thrown in behind the 154th Rifle Division and soon advanced beyond the infantry, but suffered heavy losses to German airstrikes after being stopped
788:
area between 15 and 19 August, while motorized units performed a road march of 120 kilometers (75 mi). The 25 kilometer march from the railway station to the front was completed by 21 August, but the rifle divisions took longer to reach the front due to their lack of motor vehicles. The army was
826:
To put steam back into the offensive, Romanenko made the decision to regroup his forces. On the night of 26 August, the 15th Corps was transferred from the center to the left flank of the offensive with orders to advance south to Sorokino alongside the 12th Corps and 154th Division. After completing
814:
As a result, the original battle plan was abandoned and the tank brigades advanced into new sectors without route reconnaissance or infantry support. This caused the tanks to get stuck in minefields and swampy forested terrain. Additionally, the message on the capture of Smetskiye Vyselki turned out
810:
At noon, the Western Front headquarters received a report that the 3rd Tank Corps had captured Smetskiye Vyselki, and that the German troops were hastily retreating from the first defensive line. Since Group Koptsov had failed to achieve a breakthrough, Zhukov personally ordered the 15th Corps north
853:
and von Kluge, it was decided that Operation Wirbelwind would be abandoned and the 9th and 11th Panzer Divisions pulled out of the sector for a new attack due to the Soviet resistance. After regrouping his army, Romanenko launched another unsuccessful attack on the afternoon of 2 September. Despite
801:
The attack began at 06:15 on 22 August, with Romanenko sending three rifle divisions and a rifle brigade in the first echelon against the 26th and 56th Infantry Divisions. The Soviet infantry units were able to advance 4–6 kilometers (2.5–3.7 mi) through the outer German defenses, but did not
870:
After the Soviet offensive was halted, most of the remaining tank units were transferred to other fronts after both sides shifted to the defensive. Although it had prevented the German attack from continuing in the sector, the Soviet attack had gained very little, relative to the number of troops
861:
The attack launched by the 16th Army was similarly unsuccessful. On the first day of the offensive, the 16th Army's shock group was halted by a combination of unfavorable terrain and being too weak to break through the German line after advancing a few hundred meters. The main forces of the 16th
458:
as support, to launch an attack to cut off the German troops in the salient. The Soviet offensive bogged down in the face of unfavorable terrain and German defenses and air superiority. Although the three armies managed to reduce the size of the salient by around 9 kilometers (5.6 mi), they
792:
German intelligence detected the Soviet buildup, allowing them time to strengthen the forward defenses of the LIII Army Corps with large numbers of anti-tank weapons, minefields, and hastily dug trenches and dugouts. The German armor was withdrawn rearwards to create an operational reserve, and
708:
The 16th Army was composed of nine rifle divisions, three cavalry divisions, four separate rifle brigades, seven tank brigades, one fighter anti-tank brigade, two tank battalions, three artillery regiments from the RVGK, five anti-tank artillery regiment, seven Guards mortar battalions, and two
845:
escape encirclement. Meanwhile, Group Mostovenko managed to cross the Vytebet, and Romanenko shifted the attack yet again to the center and right flank. The 15th Corps and 264th Rifle were transferred there, while the 12th Corps was withdrawn to the operational reserve to repel possible German
822:
At this point, fuel shortages resulting from Soviet inexperience at supplying large tank formations began to affect the operations of the Soviet armored forces. The 1st Guards were able to advance another 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) and capture Smetskaya, further reducing the size of the German
818:
On 23 August, the units continued the advance on the previous axis of attack. The 12th Tank Corps, supported by the 154th Division, advanced southwest on Myzin, Babinkovo, Durnevo, and Staritsa. The forward detachment of its right flank 97th Tank Brigade, composed of 15 tanks and a motor rifle
811:
into Mostovenko's sector, tasked with advancing on Slobodka and Belyy Verkh. The 1st Guards Motor Rifle Division was ordered to advance between the 3rd and 15th Tank Corps towards Smetskaya, Zhukovo, and Perestryazh, and the 12th Tank Corps' attack was shifted north towards Myzin and Durnevo.
858:
17th Panzer Divisions. On 10 September, the 3rd Tank Army shifted to defense, and in the second half of the month, having transferred the 1st Guards Motor Rifle Division, the 15th Corps' 17th Motor Rifle Brigade, and artillery units to the 16th and 61st Armies, it was withdrawn to the RVGK.
836:
towards Leonovo on 28 August, but was stopped by an anti-tank ditch, which was bridged by sappers that night. However, the corps ran into a second ditch which could not be overrun. At this point, the southern group of the 61st Army, frontally assaulting German strongpoints, had advanced 3–4
624:, was to attack from positions southwest of Kozelsk and destroy the German defenses along the Zhizdra. Continuing their advance, Bagramyan's troops were to link up with those of Romanenko and Belov at Ulyanovo to complete the encirclement of the 2nd Panzer Army.
696:
light tanks, as well as 168 armored cars. The artillery strength of the army included 677 guns and mortars, including 124 45 mm anti-tank guns, as well as 61 37 mm anti-aircraft guns and 72 Katyushas. Romanenko's army was further reinforced by
831:
area to support the attack of the southern group of the 61st Army. The corps was supposed to break through the line and into the German rear, simultaneously pressed by Group Bogdanov and the 264th Division. The corps attacked in conjunction with the
1272:
Goncharov, Vladislav (2007). "Второй блин комом? Танковые войска в операциях левого крыла Западного фронта (июль-август 1942 года)" [Is the second pancake lumpy? Tank troops in Western Front operations (July–August 1942)].
846:
counterattacks. Only 181 tanks remained in the army by this time, which meant that the losses of the previous nine days amounted to around 60% of the corps' armor, although some of the damaged tanks were later repaired.
793:
constructed rear defenses with multiple lines of dugouts and bunkers. The German defenses were based on the Zhizdra and Vytebet Rivers, the network of ravines, and settlements turned into fortified strongpoints.
1320:
1325:
676:) regiments, two anti-tank fighter regiments, and five anti-aircraft artillery regiments, as well as other units. The army amounted to 60,852 men and 436 tanks, including 48
1315:
517:
560:
The Kozelsk offensive aimed to eliminate the entirety of the German penetration and the 2nd Panzer Army by isolating the salient with a combined attack by the
528:, the offensive took place despite this, and the attack was made with only the forces of the 2nd Panzer Army. The 2nd Panzer Army's tank spearhead force, the
288:
776:. The German forces had roughly 200 tanks and assault guns between them, which meant that they were outnumbered by more than 3:1 in armored strength.
773:
633:
459:
suffered heavy losses, especially in tanks. The offensive failed to achieve its objective, but tied down German armored units in a secondary sector.
1286:
1216:
552:
and created a 25-kilometer (16 mi) salient in the Soviet line, surrounding and destroying forward elements of three rifle divisions.
512:
salient, on 11 August. The original attack plan would have involved a simultaneous advance of the 2nd Panzer Army form the south and the
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737:
733:
669:
753:
749:
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584:'s 3rd Tank Army, reinforced with additional infantry and tank units, would launch the main assault from the Belev area southeast of
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439:
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537:
533:
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281:
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520:, a Soviet attack that began in late July 1942, forced the relocation of most of the 4th Army to reinforce the defense of
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577:
569:
443:
420:
354:
196:
28:
729:
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in a minefield. The 15th's 17th Motor Rifle Brigade was then committed, but this also failed to renew the offensive.
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kilometers (1.9–2.5 mi) on its right and 1 kilometer (0.62 mi) on its left.
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785:
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32:
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721:
1228:
To the Gates of Stalingrad: Soviet–German combat operations, April–August 1942
509:
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from the north, which was to cut off the salient at its base. However, the
416:
705:
with 78 tanks and other units from the northern group of the 16th Army.
677:
585:
536:, ran into the 16th Army's fortified defensive lines, and the 9th and
850:
496:'s frontline by cutting off and defeating the Soviet troops of the
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631:
521:
438:
The attack of the 2nd Panzer Army in early August created a small
266:
994:
992:
693:
681:
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1147:
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1143:
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The 3rd Tank Army, which had not yet seen combat, included the
270:
784:
The 3rd Tank Army moved its tanks to Kozelsk by rail from the
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917:
915:
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911:
909:
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1021:
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664:. Immediately before the beginning of the offensive, the
476:
Rudolf Schmidt, commander of the 2nd Panzer Army, in 1942
1208:
Tank Warfare on the Eastern Front 1941–1942: Schwerpunkt
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
656:, as well as the 179th Separate Tank Brigade, and the
1279:
Tank Breakthrough: Soviet tanks in combat, 1937–1942
1275:Танковый прорыв. Советские танки в боях 1937–1942 гг
1249:
When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler
636:
3rd Tank Army commander Prokofy Romanenko, post-1944
524:. At the insistence of Army Group Centre commander
1326:Battles of World War II involving the Soviet Union
1246:
600:'s 16th Army, spearheaded by the mobile forces of
841:Brigade helped two battalions of the 61st Army's
1253:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
1230:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
592:, and capture Ulyanovo in the German rear, with
1321:Battles and operations of the Soviet–German War
712:Against them, the 2nd Panzer Army could muster
442:in the Soviet line. The Western Front sent the
21:
1211:. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword.
1245:Glantz, David M.; House, Jonathan M. (2015).
1226:Glantz, David M.; House, Jonathan M. (2009).
415:) was an offensive conducted by parts of the
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8:
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998:
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1281:] (in Russian). Moscow: Yauza, Eksmo.
596:'s 61st Army following behind. Meanwhile,
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18:
1316:Battles of World War II involving Germany
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518:first Rzhev–Sychyovka offensive operation
16:Battle of the Eastern Front, World War II
471:
435:between 22 August and 9 September 1942.
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900:
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668:, four regiments of artillery from the
849:On 1 September, in a meeting between
7:
670:Reserve of the Supreme High Command
413:Козельская наступательная операция
14:
46:22 August 1942 – 9 September 1942
236:About 200 tanks and assault guns
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160:
148:
136:
124:
101:
88:
666:1st Guards Motor Rifle Division
540:were halted after crossing the
48:(2 weeks and 4 days)
1:
492:, an attack meant to shorten
433:Eastern Front of World War II
672:(RVGK), two Guards mortar (
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834:12th Guards Rifle Division
544:. The 2nd Panzer Army in
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306:
240:
225:
187:
114:
81:
38:
26:
1311:1942 in the Soviet Union
1205:Forczyk, Robert (2014).
674:Katyusha rocket launcher
622:1st Guards Cavalry Corps
548:captured the village of
456:1st Guards Cavalry Corps
212:1st Guards Cavalry Corps
1190:Glantz & House 2015
999:Glantz & House 2009
948:Glantz & House 2009
936:Glantz & House 2009
924:Glantz & House 2009
774:25th Motorized Division
754:26th Infantry Divisions
73:Soviet offensive defeat
637:
477:
115:Commanders and leaders
770:20th Panzer Divisions
688:light tanks, and 162
662:264th Rifle Divisions
635:
538:19th Panzer Divisions
534:11th Panzer Divisions
475:
241:Casualties and losses
843:156th Rifle Division
732:, consisting of the
628:Comparison of forces
490:Operation Wirbelwind
468:Operation Wirbelwind
1180:, pp. 287–288.
1156:, pp. 293–295.
1137:, pp. 292–293.
1084:, pp. 290–291.
1013:, pp. 285–286.
1001:, pp. 462–463.
974:, pp. 284–285.
962:, pp. 279–280.
938:, pp. 459–460.
423:against the German
370:2nd Rzhev–Sychyovka
355:1st Rzhev–Sychyovka
950:, p. 461–462.
726:XXXXI Panzer Corps
638:
478:
1306:Conflicts in 1942
1288:978-5-699-20460-1
1218:978-1-78159-008-9
699:Dmitry Mostovenko
582:Prokofy Romanenko
526:Günther von Kluge
504:stationed in the
494:Army Group Centre
405:Kozelsk offensive
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399:
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143:Prokofy Romanenko
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22:Kozelsk offensive
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714:Heinrich Clößner
427:in southwestern
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314:1st Rzhev–Vyazma
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730:XXXV Army Corps
718:LIII Army Corps
654:15th Tank Corps
642:Semyon Bogdanov
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614:10th Tank Corps
570:3rd Tank Armies
558:
484:, commanded by
482:2nd Panzer Army
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425:2nd Panzer Army
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334:Vyazma Airborne
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233:About 700 tanks
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220:2nd Panzer Army
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1192:, p. 394.
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1178:Goncharov 2007
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1168:, p. 295.
1166:Goncharov 2007
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1154:Goncharov 2007
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1135:Goncharov 2007
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1125:, p. 292.
1123:Goncharov 2007
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1113:, p. 218.
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1096:, p. 288.
1094:Goncharov 2007
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1082:Goncharov 2007
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1067:, p. 290.
1065:Goncharov 2007
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1055:, p. 289.
1053:Goncharov 2007
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1040:, p. 281.
1038:Goncharov 2007
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1028:, p. 284.
1026:Goncharov 2007
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1011:Goncharov 2007
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986:, p. 287.
984:Goncharov 2007
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972:Goncharov 2007
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960:Goncharov 2007
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926:, p. 462.
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903:, p. 217.
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703:3rd Tank Corps
650:Vasily Koptsov
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618:Viktor Baranov
598:Ivan Bagramyan
557:
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486:Rudolf Schmidt
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299:Rzhev campaign
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188:Units involved
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182:Rudolf Schmidt
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155:Ivan Bagramyan
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804:Junkers Ju 87
796:
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731:
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684:tanks, three
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627:
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623:
619:
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611:
610:Vasily Burkov
607:
603:
602:Alexey Kurkin
599:
595:
591:
590:Vytebet River
587:
583:
579:
578:Western Front
575:
574:Georgy Zhukov
571:
567:
563:
555:
553:
551:
547:
543:
542:Zhizdra River
539:
535:
531:
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511:
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503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
474:
467:
462:
460:
457:
453:
449:
445:
444:3rd Tank Army
441:
436:
434:
430:
429:Kaluga Oblast
426:
422:
421:Western Front
418:
410:
406:
392:
388:
385:
384:
383:
382:
375:
371:
368:
366:
365:Velikiye Luki
363:
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249:12,134 killed
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205:
203:
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197:3rd Tank Army
195:
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186:
183:
178:
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168:
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146:
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139:
134:
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131:Georgy Zhukov
127:
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110:
99:
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69:
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59:Kaluga Oblast
57:southwestern
55:
52:
51:
45:
42:
41:
37:
34:
30:
29:Eastern Front
25:
20:
1278:
1274:
1265:Project MUSE
1263:– via
1248:
1227:
1207:
1199:Bibliography
1185:
1173:
1161:
1130:
1118:
1111:Forczyk 2014
1089:
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901:Forczyk 2014
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639:
588:, cross the
559:
556:Soviet plans
545:
479:
437:
404:
402:
390:
380:
379:
373:
359:
348:
339:
327:
308:
231:218,000 men
96:Soviet Union
82:Belligerents
63:Soviet Union
33:World War II
27:Part of the
722:Josef Harpe
594:Pavel Belov
502:16th Armies
488:, launched
480:The German
452:61st Armies
446:, with the
167:Pavel Belov
1300:Categories
875:References
772:, and the
546:Wirbelwind
510:Sukhinichi
463:Background
319:Sychyovsky
880:Citations
866:Aftermath
255:500 tanks
207:61st Army
202:16th Army
678:KV tanks
550:Ulyanovo
514:4th Army
454:and the
417:Red Army
349:Seydlitz
340:Hannover
324:Mozhaysk
226:Strength
53:Location
780:Prelude
586:Kozelsk
440:salient
431:on the
409:Russian
360:Kozelsk
328:Jupiter
261:Unknown
109:Germany
1285:
1257:
1234:
1215:
851:Hitler
797:Battle
768:, and
756:, the
752:, and
728:, and
680:, 223
616:, and
568:, and
391:Büffel
106:
93:
70:Result
1277:[
829:Pakom
742:134th
738:293rd
734:296th
658:154th
522:Rzhev
506:Kirov
1283:ISBN
1255:ISBN
1232:ISBN
1213:ISBN
786:Tula
762:17th
758:11th
750:56th
746:52nd
694:T-70
692:and
690:T-60
686:T-50
682:T-34
660:and
648:and
646:12th
608:and
566:61st
562:16th
532:and
508:and
500:and
498:10th
450:and
448:16th
403:The
381:1943
374:Mars
309:1942
43:Date
766:9th
724:'s
716:'s
701:'s
652:'s
644:'s
620:'s
612:'s
606:9th
604:'s
576:'s
572:of
530:9th
419:'s
31:of
1302::
1142:^
1101:^
1072:^
1045:^
1018:^
991:^
908:^
887:^
764:,
760:,
748:,
744:,
740:,
736:,
720:,
580:.
564:,
411::
61:,
1291:.
1267:.
1240:.
1221:.
407:(
393:)
389:(
376:)
372:(
330:)
326:(
290:e
283:t
276:v
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