31:
1034:, it takes place in April–May. There is only one brood per year. The nest is often placed in the hole of a conifer and far from the ground. A study conducted out over four breeding seasons in southern Turkey showed that nests were built to a height of nearly 12 m (470 in), with extremes between 2.1 m (83 in) and 24 m (940 in), and were often facing east. The Krüper's nuthatch usually uses already existing cavities that have been simply cleaned out, especially by the female, but can dig its own hole in dead trunks and branches. Eggs have been observed on the top of a stump or on a pile of twigs at the fork of a tree, but these unusual nesting sites may only be used when cavities are unavailable.
375:
807:
891:(from mid-May to early September) and sometimes a partial moult before the breeding season (March), which particularly affects the chest. There is also a partial post-juvenile moult involving the middle coverts. With the front of the crown dark and the marked white supercilium, the Algerian nuthatch has cream or buff-colored underparts and lacks a large russet-brown pectoral patch. This patch is characteristic of the Krüper's nuthatch, as is the marked difference between adults and juveniles.
1045:, hair, wool, and feathers. The female does most of the work and lays four to seven eggs, usually five or six, measuring 17 mm × 13 mm (0.67 in × 0.51 in), creamy white with small red or purplish spots and speckles, mostly concentrated at the larger end. Incubation lasts 12 to 17 days and is performed by the female alone, fed by the male. The female also incubates the young, but both parents take part in the feeding. The young are mainly fed on
1276:
In Turkey, a law promoting tourism put in place in 2003 has exacerbated threats to the bird: it reduces bureaucracy and makes it easier to build tourist facilities and summer houses in the coastal area where the bird was once abundant, and the loss of woodland is a growing problem for the nuthatch. Through 2014, numbers were estimated at 80,000–170,000 breeding pairs, or 240,000–510,000 individuals in all, and are declining. For these reasons, the species is considered "
887:
much duller plumage and lacking the black crown; at most, the front of it is darker than the rest of the upperparts. Its russet pectoral patch is not very marked, as are the supercilium and the eyestripe. It can be distinguished from the adult female by its fresh plumage when the feathers of the latter are worn and its dark crown. Adults in their first year sometimes have some lingering brown on the feather tips of their greater coverts. Adults undergo a full
88:
209:
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63:
900:
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1018:, before being wedged into a crack in the bark and hammered open. The Krüper's nuthatch also makes food caches that can be used when moisture closes the pine cones, making their seeds inaccessible, and the existence of these larders may explain the bird's territoriality, even outside the breeding season.
886:
is worn, but the female's crown is less black and less sharply defined at the back, whereas the male's crown is sharply defined in glossy black Female underparts are paler and buff, while the male's are pure gray, verging to blue. The juvenile, on the other hand, is more easily distinguished, having
1275:
The Krüper's nuthatch is common in
Anatolia, but numbers are low in the Caucasus. On the island of Lesbos, populations are thought to be stable despite the destruction of old trees caused by commercial resin exploitation. Habitat modification due to fire and logging is causing a risk of extinction.
814:
The Krüper's nuthatch is a small to medium-sized nuthatch, measuring 12.5 centimetres (4.9 in) in length. In males and females, the folded wing measures 71–81 millimetres (2.8–3.2 in) and 68–74 millimetres (2.7–2.9 in) respectively, the tail 33–40 millimetres (1.3–1.6 in) and
1284:. In 2015, a new population assessment estimates the number of breeding pairs at 121,000-451,000, and although in continuous decline, it is determined that the species does not lose more than a quarter of its numbers in three generations. For these reasons, the species is reassessed as "
1218:
The Krüper's nuthatch lives in temperate coniferous forests from sea level up to around 2,000 cm of elevation, locally to the tree line at 2,500 m. In Turkey, it lives mainly between 1,000m and 1,600 m and inhabits the forests of
Turkish pine,
1667:
Pasquet, Eric; Barker, F. Keith; Martens, Jochen; Tillier, Annie; Cruaud, Corinne & Cibois, Alice (April 2014). "Evolution within the nuthatches (Sittidae: Aves, Passeriformes): molecular phylogeny, biogeography, and ecological perspectives".
831:
16.9–19.3 millimetres (0.67–0.76 in). The adult male weighs 10–14.3 grams (0.35–0.50 oz). The study of 41 different measurements of many individuals across different localities in Turkey showed small variations in size along the range.
1013:
during the breeding season, but when these become scarce, in autumn and winter, it consumes seeds of pine and other conifers. Insects are gleaned along branches, or caught in flight, and conifer seeds are extracted from cone scales with the
2031:
1259:). The population densities in individuals per square kilometer are 12.7, 11.6, 8.5, and 7.8 respectively in the forests of black pine, cilician fir, cedar of Lebanon, and pine of Calabria. At higher altitudes, it can live among
565:. The southern populations are significantly different from the northern populations of the country, but the different northern populations have intensively mixed their genes after the glacial retreat, and have quite similar
1206:
shifts have also been noted, with some birds, possibly adults in their first year, moving down from the high ground in winter to mixed or deciduous forests. The bird is then even commonly observed in the
540:
only present in males, a unique trait in
Sittidae and related families. The second clade, grouping together Krüper's and Algerian nuthatches are thought to have the front of the black crown in males, this
911:
The Krüper's nuthatch lives alone or in pairs during the breeding season, and the pair stays with their young. In autumn, it is observed in groups of two to five individuals, sometimes taking part in
875:
is dark cinnamon or brown; the bill is dark horn-gray; the upper mandible cutting edge at the base is blue-gray, as is the entire lower mandible base. The legs are gray-brown or dark gray.
1202:
may have once held Krüper's nuthatches, or may still hold undiscovered populations. The Krüper's nuthatch is sedentary, but undertakes small dispersals after the breeding season.
30:
1938:
561:. The authors conclude that there are significant genetic diversities between the different localities, showing that the species occurred in at least three refuges during the
1281:
2302:
363:
2354:
513:
that includes the
Chinese nuthatch, the Corsican nuthatch, and the red-breasted nuthatch. In 2014, Éric Pasquet and colleagues published a phylogeny based on
2418:
2438:
2276:
1001:
The Krüper's nuthatch is an active bird, and it finds its food among the smallest branches in the tops of large trees, but also in other levels of
2315:
342:). It is found from sea level up to 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) above sea level in places. This species is one of the small nuthatches of the "
1814:
1482:
1333:
532:
of the species, the red-breasted, Corsican, and
Chinese nuthatches sharing, in particular as a derivative characteristic, the entirely black
470:
2443:
1993:"A GIS-based approach to assess the population size of Krüper's Nuthatch, Sitta krueperi at a newly found breeding area in Inner Anatolia"
1627:"Phylogeography and population structure of Krüper's Nuthatch Sitta krueperi from Turkey based on microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA"
2224:
358:
and especially by tourist development on the
Turkish coasts. Although its numbers are declining, the species is considered to be of "
299:
are blue-gray in males and buff-gray in females, with a large, crescent-shaped rufous pectoral patch. The Krüper's nuthatch feeds on
1872:
1759:
1737:
1534:
1127:
The Krüper's nuthatch is found almost entirely in Turkey, where it is common in western
Anatolia, and where it also lives along the
1753:
Tamer
Albayrak; Aurélien Besnard & Ali Erdogan (2011). "Morphometric Change and Population Relationships of Krüper's Nuthatch (
1026:
The breeding season takes place from mid-March to mid-May in Turkey, the date depending on the location and altitude. In southern
2433:
354:), the only other species in which the black half-crown is found. The Krüper's nuthatch is threatened by habitat loss caused by
2237:
1336:
however recognized 28 species in 2012, based on the elevation of four taxa from subspecies to full-species status, including
2320:
1553:. Version 6.4. International Ornithological Congress (IOC) World Bird List. 22 October 2016. Family Sittidae. Archived from
374:
2341:
912:
315:
consists of five to seven eggs, incubated by the female and fed by the male. Both parents take part in feeding the young.
1550:
311:, in the fall and winter. Breeding takes place between March and May, and the nest is usually placed in a tree hole. The
1803:
Le guide ornitho : le guide le plus complet des oiseaux d'Europe, d'Afrique du Nord et du Moyen-Orient: 900 espèces
806:
2428:
2175:
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are off-white and the undertail is rufous, with white tips. The eye is surrounded by a thin white eye ring, and the
2255:
1864:
1729:
1526:
1267:). In the Caucasus, it prefers spruce forests between 1,000 m and 2,000 m, but also Nordmann fir and pine forests.
2359:
2268:
1305:
1954:"Geographical variation of haemosporidian parasites in Turkish populations of Krüper's Nuthatch Sitta krueperi"
1596:"Phylogeny of the nuthatches of the Sitta canadensis group and its evolutionary and biogeographic implications"
1426:
Dickinson, Edward C.; Loskot, Edward C.; Loskot, Vladimir M.; Morioka, Hiroyuki; Somadikarta, Soekarja (2000).
1337:
1595:
87:
1807:
The ornitho guide: The most complete guide to the birds of Europe, Africa North and Middle East: 900 species
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517:
and mitochondrial DNA from 21 species of nuthatches and confirmed the 1998 study's relationships within the
1182:), and the range of the bird almost overlaps that of the tree. Outlying populations of Turkish pine in the
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2076:
1670:
1317:
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The Krüper's nuthatch is a noisy bird, and is often easily identified by its calls. The contact call is a
861:
853:
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817:
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black in adults of both sexes, but with a less marked in the female rear. The species has a black or gray
273:
265:
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2141:
1451:
Sitzungsberichte der
Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe
2032:"Habitat parameters and density of breeding Krüper's Nuthatch Sitta krueperi Pelzeln in southern Turkey"
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182:
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2123:
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Unlike other nuthatches, the Krüper's nuthatch does not build the entrance to its hole with mud or
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52:
1041:. The bottom of the nest is lined with bark chips, rotten wood and pine cone scales, covered with
2012:
1973:
1932:
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1687:
1646:
1148:
387:
319:
221:
198:
82:
569:, although a marked geographical structure is observed by studying their mitochondrial genomes.
493:
group, which he defined as six species, which are also sometimes treated as the subgenus Sitta (
401:. By naming the species in this way, he pays homage to its discoverer, the German ornithologist
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are blue-gray with a black front crown in adults of both sexes, and the primary and secondary
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2004:
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1304:
The 21 species are out of 24 species recognized as making up the genus by Simon Harrap and
859:
that is a little less well defined behind the eye. The throat is white and the rest of the
2382:
1888:
1309:
1208:
1103:
844:
600:
434:
1381:
2263:
2250:
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Albayrak, Tamer; Gonzalez, Javier; Drovetski, Sergei V.; Wink, Michael (1 April 2012).
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872:
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1085:
359:
312:
72:
67:
2016:
1977:
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In a
Turkish study published in 2012, the Krüper's nuthatch was found to host blood
2203:
2008:
1236:
1228:
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1156:
1108:
1079:
978:
943:
929:
899:
482:
335:
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in October 1955. In 2010, a new nesting area was reported in central Anatolia, in
509:
related to the Algerian nuthatch, with both species forming the sister group of a
1992:
505:) was not included in the study. Pasquet concludes that the Krüper's nuthatch is
2395:
2346:
2289:
2108:
1924:
1551:"Nuthatches, Wallcreeper, treecreepers, mockingbirds, starlings & oxpeckers"
1244:
1054:
848:
566:
514:
288:
2390:
1969:
1683:
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1554:
1199:
1164:
1116:
1091:
1058:
1002:
379:
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1953:
1626:
1136:
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are pale gray with a large reddish patch on the crescent-shaped breast. The
139:
99:
2229:
1916:
Breeding ecology of Krüper's nuthatch (Sitta krueperi) near Antalya, Turkey
1428:"Systematic notes on Asian birds. 66. Types of the Sittidae and Certhiidae"
489:
of ten species of nuthatches, including the different species of the Sitta
382:, showing a male Krüper's nuthatch on the right and a juvenile on the left.
1568:
386:
The Krüper's nuthatch was described in 1863 by the Austrian ornithologist
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862:
838:
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469:. It is most closely related to the Algerian nuthatch. According to the
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883:
2294:
2136:
1772:
1183:
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1152:
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of the species was published in 2012, involving five sample sites in
327:
323:
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109:
43:
39:
2216:
2070:
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274:
1809:] (in French). Paris: Delachaux and Niestlé. pp. 348–349.
818:
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group, adding the Yunnan nuthatch, which was found to be the most
510:
414:
373:
1195:
1042:
1015:
993:… nasal, alternating high and low notes", with variable rhythm.
413:
into subgenera in 1975–1982. The Krüper's nuthatch is placed in
308:
304:
252:
129:
2074:
1569:"World Birds Taxonomic List: Genera and species with citations"
580:
Nuthatch phylogenic detail according to Pasquet, et al. (2014):
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1919:. Vol. 51. Israel Journal of Zoology. pp. 309–314.
1174:
The Krüper's nuthatch has a very close relationship with the
1089:, but none of the 67 individuals studied was parasitized by
1009:
in bushes, and even feed on the ground. It feeds mainly on
823:
measures 17.9–20.2 millimetres (0.70–0.80 in) and the
1447:"Über zwei von Dr. Krüper zu Smyrna gesammelte Vogelarten"
263:, measuring 12.5 centimetres (4.9 in) in length. The
1889:"Sittelle de Krüper – Sitta krueperi – Krüper's Nuthatch"
1163:
province, on the Ak mountains. The site consists of pure
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
2030:
Albayrak, Tamer; Bairlein, Franz; Erdogan, Ali (2010).
528:
The conclusions of the study are in agreement with the
473:
and Alan P. Peterson, no subspecies are distinguished.
465:). The Krüper's nuthatch belongs to the species group
1468:
1466:
1464:
2083:
1952:Marzal, Alfonso; Albayrak, Tamer (1 October 2012).
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1282:International Union for the Conservation of Nature
1171:) forest, and may support around 560 individuals.
882:is not very marked, especially in summer when the
1937:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
1850:
1848:
1846:
1405:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22711184A94282660.en
318:The Krüper's nuthatch is found in pine and other
1991:Albayrak, Tamer; Erdoğan, Ali (1 January 2010).
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1030:, egg laying begins at the end of March; in the
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1502:
1139:coast north of the country, as far as southern
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364:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1861:Chickadees, Tits, Nuthatches and Treecreepers
1726:Chickadees, Tits, Nuthatches and Treecreepers
1523:Chickadees, Tits, Nuthatches and Treecreepers
346:group" and is particularly very close to the
8:
1308:as of 1996. Of these, the study omitted the
2071:
573:
271:are blue-gray, with the front half of the
207:
61:
29:
20:
1403:
815:33–38 millimetres (1.3–1.5 in). The
574:
334:, largely following the distribution of
1361:
1155:, where it was observed for example at
1143:. It also lives on the Greek island of
38:Male in a pine forest on the island of
1930:
1913:Albayrak, Tamer; Erdoğan, Ali (2005).
973:). When agitated, it produces a rough
216:Distribution of the Krüper's nuthatch
1334:International Ornithological Congress
471:International Ornithological Congress
7:
2269:f7e5aa6b-ae17-4912-a598-0a701b7ae0e7
2019:– via Taylor and Francis+NEJM.
2419:IUCN Red List least concern species
1573:Zoonomen Nomenclature Resource Page
1391:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
851:is white and underlined by a black
719:
654:
627:
620:
593:
586:
545:being absent in young individuals.
409:proposed the division of the genus
1612:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1998.tb04553.x
481:In 1998, Éric Pasquet studied the
14:
1760:The Wilson Journal of Ornithology
1614:– via Wiley Online Library.
578:
2439:Taxa named by August von Pelzeln
1594:Pasquet, Eric (2 January 1998).
928:
259:. It is a small to medium-sized
86:
1380:BirdLife International (2016).
2009:10.1080/09397140.2010.10638385
1863:. Illustrated by David Quinn.
1728:. Illustrated by David Quinn.
1525:. Illustrated by David Quinn.
965:series and reminiscent of the
1:
1927:(inactive 12 September 2024).
1344:) and three species from the
1061:. On average, four young are
913:mixed-species foraging flocks
1445:Pelzeln, August von (1863).
907:at the entrance to its nest.
2444:Natural history of Anatolia
1925:10.1560/D4YU-JAPF-6Y65-RF53
1477:. London: A & C Black.
2460:
2067:Photographs and text.Fiche
1997:Zoology in the Middle East
1980:– via Springer Link.
1865:Princeton University Press
1730:Princeton University Press
1653:– via Springer Link.
1527:Princeton University Press
425:, which also includes the
397:, from type material from
2036:Polish Journal of Ecology
1970:10.1007/s10336-012-0853-z
1684:10.1007/s10336-014-1063-7
1643:10.1007/s10336-011-0756-4
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83:Scientific classification
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28:
23:
1473:Matthysen, Erik (2010).
1432:Zoologische Mededelingen
1398:: e.T22711184A94282660.
1099:Distribution and habitat
575:Phylogenetic tree detail
567:nuclear genetic material
403:Theobald Johannes Krüper
2434:Birds described in 1863
1801:Svensson, Lars (2010).
810:Male Krüper's nuthatch.
563:last glaciation maximum
501:. The Yunnan nuthatch (
1958:Journal of Ornithology
1855:Harrap, Simon (1996).
1720:Harrap, Simon (1996).
1671:Journal of Ornithology
1631:Journal of Ornithology
1517:Harrap, Simon (1996).
1318:yellow-billed nuthatch
1124:
1065:at 15–19 days of age.
961:, sometimes made in a
908:
811:
383:
287:and a prominent white
1338:Przevalski's nuthatch
1326:white-browed nuthatch
1106:
902:
809:
635:Red-breasted nuthatch
443:red-breasted nuthatch
377:
2264:Fauna Europaea (new)
1557:on 22 December 2016.
1204:Seasonal altitudinal
895:Ecology and behavior
847:are gray-brown. The
1129:Mediterranean coast
983:Garrulus glandarius
977:reminiscent of the
967:European greenfinch
576:
407:Hans Edmund Wolters
229: •
53:Conservation status
2429:Birds of West Asia
1271:Status and threats
1233:Abies nordmanniana
1125:
909:
889:post-nuptial moult
812:
388:August von Pelzeln
384:
320:coniferous forests
303:in the summer and
251:) is a species of
24:Krüper's nuthatch
2406:
2405:
2368:Open Tree of Life
2077:Taxon identifiers
1816:978-2-603-01695-4
1484:978-1-4081-2870-1
1211:, which has many
989:. The song is a "
954:
953:
880:sexual dimorphism
869:underwing-coverts
794:
793:
789:
788:
780:
779:
771:
770:
762:
761:
747:Algerian nuthatch
727:Krüper's nuthatch
706:
705:
697:
696:
662:Corsican nuthatch
543:sexual dimorphism
500:
487:mitochondrial DNA
459:Corsican nuthatch
427:Algerian nuthatch
424:
348:Algerian nuthatch
243:Krüper's nuthatch
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2347:NHMSYS0000533767
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2155:E29D7FB9381BFD3D
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1988:
1982:
1981:
1964:(4): 1225–1231.
1949:
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1910:
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1857:Christopher Helm
1852:
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1820:
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1784:
1773:10.1676/11-036.1
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1744:
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1722:Christopher Helm
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1519:Christopher Helm
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1442:
1436:
1435:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1377:
1302:
1253:cedar of Lebanon
1225:Picea orientalis
1221:Caucasian spruce
1169:Pinus sylvestris
1133:Taurus Mountains
932:
924:
864:
856:
840:
828:
820:
720:
682:Chinese nuthatch
655:
628:
621:
594:
587:
577:
537:
525:of the species.
507:phylogenetically
499:(Buturlin, 1916)
498:
451:Chinese nuthatch
423:(Buturlin, 1916)
422:
296:
284:
276:
268:
233:
211:
194:
174:S. krueperi
91:
90:
70:
65:
64:
33:
21:
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2202:
2197:
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2179:
2174:
2166:
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2153:
2148:
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2135:
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2113:
2112:
2107:
2098:
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2092:
2079:
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2045:
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2024:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1951:
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1946:
1929:
1912:
1911:
1900:
1887:
1886:
1882:
1875:
1867:. p. 139.
1854:
1853:
1824:
1817:
1800:
1799:
1788:
1767:(11): 734–740.
1752:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1732:. p. 138.
1719:
1718:
1699:
1666:
1665:
1658:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1593:
1592:
1588:
1578:
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1567:
1566:
1562:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1537:
1529:. p. 140.
1516:
1515:
1500:
1485:
1472:
1471:
1462:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1379:
1378:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1330:Sitta victoriae
1322:Sitta solangiae
1310:Indian nuthatch
1299:
1294:
1278:near threatened
1273:
1209:Sochi Arboretum
1186:, northwestern
1101:
1071:
1024:
999:
991:tuituituituitui
971:Chloris chloris
963:dui-dui-dui-dui
955:
950:
941:
940:
938:Songs and calls
921:
897:
866:
858:
845:flight feathers
842:
830:
822:
804:
798:
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790:
781:
772:
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707:
698:
601:Yunnan nuthatch
553:A study on the
551:
539:
479:
435:Yunnan nuthatch
378:Illustrated by
372:
298:
286:
278:
270:
234:(Pelzeln, 1863)
202:
196:
190:
177:
85:
77:
66:
62:
55:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
2457:
2455:
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2436:
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2387:
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2273:
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2251:Fauna Europaea
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2221:
2208:
2195:
2185:
2172:
2159:
2146:
2142:sitta-krueperi
2133:
2129:Sitta_krueperi
2120:
2115:Sitta krueperi
2105:
2089:
2087:
2085:Sitta krueperi
2081:
2080:
2075:
2069:
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2060:
2059:External links
2057:
2054:
2053:
2022:
1983:
1944:
1898:
1880:
1873:
1822:
1815:
1786:
1757:) in Turkey".
1755:Sitta krueperi
1745:
1738:
1697:
1678:(3): 755–765.
1656:
1637:(2): 405–411.
1617:
1606:(1): 150–156.
1586:
1575:. 1 March 2002
1560:
1542:
1535:
1498:
1483:
1475:The Nuthatches
1460:
1437:
1434:(80): 287–310.
1418:
1384:Sitta krueperi
1360:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1342:S. przewalskii
1314:Sitta castanea
1303:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1272:
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1241:Abies cilicica
1135:and along the
1100:
1097:
1077:of the genera
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605:S. yunnanensis
597:
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555:phylogeography
550:
549:Phylogeography
547:
533:
503:S. yunnanensis
478:
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439:S. yunnanensis
371:
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292:
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255:in the family
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1286:least concern
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1257:Cedrus libani
1254:
1250:
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948:on xeno-canto
947:
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919:Vocalizations
918:
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689:
687:
683:
677:
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673:
672:
669:
667:
666:S. whiteheadi
663:
657:
656:
650:
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646:
645:
642:
640:
639:S. canadensis
636:
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629:
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612:
611:
608:
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460:
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447:S. canadensis
444:
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408:
404:
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396:
395:Sitta krüperi
393:
389:
381:
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369:
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361:
360:least concern
357:
353:
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306:
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231:Sitta krüperi
226:
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187:
184:
183:Binomial name
180:
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148:
145:
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140:Passeriformes
138:
135:
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114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
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89:
84:
80:
74:
69:
68:Least Concern
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2084:
2044:. Retrieved
2039:
2035:
2025:
2003:(1): 27–32.
2000:
1996:
1986:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1915:
1892:
1883:
1860:
1806:
1802:
1764:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1725:
1675:
1669:
1634:
1630:
1620:
1603:
1599:
1589:
1577:. Retrieved
1572:
1563:
1555:the original
1545:
1522:
1474:
1454:
1450:
1440:
1431:
1421:
1409:. Retrieved
1395:
1389:
1383:
1345:
1341:
1329:
1321:
1313:
1300:
1274:
1264:
1256:
1248:
1240:
1237:Cilician fir
1232:
1229:Nordmann fir
1224:
1217:
1180:Pinus brutia
1179:
1176:Turkish pine
1173:
1168:
1157:Thessaloniki
1151:in mainland
1126:
1113:Pinus brutia
1112:
1109:Turkish pine
1107:A forest of
1090:
1084:
1080:Haemoproteus
1078:
1072:
1036:
1025:
1000:
990:
986:
982:
979:Eurasian jay
974:
970:
962:
958:
956:
945:
937:
927:
910:
877:
834:
813:
797:
750:
745:
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725:
685:
680:
665:
660:
638:
633:
604:
599:
552:
527:
518:
502:
494:
490:
483:cytochrome b
480:
466:
462:
454:
446:
438:
430:
418:
410:
394:
385:
351:
343:
340:Pinus brutia
339:
336:Turkish pine
317:
247:
246:
242:
241:
230:
228:
191:
189:
173:
172:
160:
18:
2290:iNaturalist
2109:Wikispecies
1893:oiseaux.net
1579:26 December
1411:12 November
1306:David Quinn
1249:Pinus nigra
1194:, northern
1055:lepidoptera
985:) or a dry
849:supercilium
802:Description
731:S. krueperi
289:supercilium
2424:Nuthatches
2413:Categories
2391:Xeno-canto
1457:: 149–151.
1356:References
1324:) and the
1245:black pine
1200:Azerbaijan
1165:Scots pine
1092:Plasmodium
1059:earthworms
1003:vegetation
944:Listen to
863:underparts
839:upperparts
751:S. ledanti
686:S. villosa
530:morphology
519:canadensis
495:micrositta
491:canadensis
467:canadensis
455:S. villosa
431:S. ledanti
390:under the
380:John Gould
352:S. ledanti
344:canadensis
330:, and the
295:underparts
267:upperparts
2046:2 January
2042:: 545–552
1933:cite book
1493:727646681
1292:Footnotes
1280:" by the
1265:Juniperus
1137:Black Sea
1069:Parasites
1005:. It can
903:An adult
855:eyestripe
477:Phylogeny
419:Mesositta
362:" by the
283:eyestripe
168:Species:
106:Kingdom:
100:Eukaryota
2334:22711184
2308:10219562
2168:22711184
2163:BirdLife
2094:Wikidata
2017:86046667
1978:14866560
1781:85910650
1692:17637707
1651:15403704
1347:europaea
1261:junipers
1213:conifers
1075:protists
1032:Caucasus
1028:Anatolia
1022:Breeding
905:foraging
392:protonym
370:Taxonomy
356:forestry
332:Caucasus
261:nuthatch
257:Sittidae
222:Synonyms
150:Sittidae
146:Family:
120:Chordata
116:Phylum:
110:Animalia
96:Domain:
73:IUCN 3.1
2282:2484880
2217:krunut1
2191:krunut1
2150:Avibase
2100:Q851556
2065:Oiseaux
1859:(ed.).
1724:(ed.).
1521:(ed.).
1332:). The
1316:), the
1192:Lebanon
1149:vagrant
1147:and is
1141:Georgia
1131:in the
1117:Pozantı
1063:fledged
1047:beetles
1011:insects
884:plumage
515:nuclear
485:of the
301:insects
199:Pelzeln
156:Genus:
136:Order:
126:Class:
71: (
2380:uBio:
2321:563022
2238:EURING
2181:118706
2137:ARKive
2015:
1976:
1871:
1813:
1779:
1736:
1690:
1649:
1533:
1491:
1481:
1350:group.
1251:) and
1198:, and
1184:Crimea
1161:Yozgat
1153:Greece
1145:Lesbos
1121:Turkey
1057:, and
1007:forage
827:tarsus
559:Turkey
457:) and
328:Lesvos
324:Turkey
313:clutch
291:. The
201:, 1863
44:Greece
40:Lesbos
2373:82237
2360:50254
2303:IRMNG
2295:14814
2256:97251
2243:14690
2225:EUNIS
2212:eBird
2204:4XTSJ
2188:BOW:
2013:S2CID
1974:S2CID
1805:[
1777:S2CID
1688:S2CID
1647:S2CID
1188:Syria
1115:) in
1039:resin
975:èèhch
536:crown
523:basal
511:clade
415:Sitta
411:Sitta
399:İzmir
309:pines
305:seeds
275:crown
161:Sitta
2383:5135
2355:NCBI
2329:IUCN
2316:ITIS
2277:GBIF
2230:1270
2176:BOLD
2048:2020
1939:link
1869:ISBN
1811:ISBN
1734:ISBN
1600:Ibis
1581:2021
1531:ISBN
1489:OCLC
1479:ISBN
1413:2021
1396:2016
1196:Iraq
1083:and
1043:moss
1016:bill
997:Food
987:puik
959:dvui
878:The
873:iris
835:The
819:bill
253:bird
130:Aves
2342:NBN
2199:CoL
2124:ADW
2005:doi
1966:doi
1962:153
1921:doi
1769:doi
1765:123
1680:doi
1676:155
1639:doi
1635:153
1608:doi
1604:140
1400:doi
1288:".
1243:),
1235:),
1227:),
449:),
441:),
433:),
322:in
2415::
2393::
2370::
2357::
2344::
2331::
2318::
2305::
2292::
2279::
2266::
2253::
2240::
2227::
2214::
2201::
2178::
2165::
2152::
2139::
2126::
2111::
2096::
2040:58
2038:.
2034:.
2011:.
2001:49
1999:.
1995:.
1972:.
1960:.
1956:.
1935:}}
1931:{{
1901:^
1891:.
1825:^
1789:^
1775:.
1763:.
1700:^
1686:.
1674:.
1659:^
1645:.
1633:.
1629:.
1602:.
1598:.
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