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510:(Greetings from Krampus), the cards usually have humorous rhymes and poems. Krampus is often featured looming menacingly over children. He is also shown as having one human foot and one cloven hoof. In some, Krampus has sexual overtones; he is pictured pursuing buxom women. Over time, the representation of Krampus in the cards has changed; older versions have a more frightening Krampus, while modern versions have a cuter, more
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is presented by
Krampus to families. The twigs are painted gold and displayed year-round in the house—a reminder to any child who has temporarily forgotten Krampus. In smaller, more isolated villages, the figure has other beastly companions, such as the antlered "wild man" figures, and St Nicholas is
1470:
Schubladen, Hans (1983–1984). "Zur
Geschichte von Perchtenbräuchen im Berchtesgadener Land, in Tirol und Salzburg vom 16. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert. Grundlagen zur Analyse heutigen Traditionsverständnisses" [On the history of Perchten customs in the Berchtesgadener Land, in Tyrol and Salzburg from
199:
as a helper. Because
Nicholas is a saint, it wasn’t logical or deemed saintly behavior for Nicholas to deliver punishments. Therefore a helper was assigned to St Nicholas; such as Farmhand Rupert, Smutzli, or Père Fouettard who would go down the chimney or punish the naughty children. Krampus served
730:
In many parts of Bosnia and
Herzegovina and Croatia, Krampus is described as a devil wearing a cloth sack around his waist and chains around his neck, ankles, and wrists. As a part of a tradition, when a child receives a gift from St. Nicholas he is given a golden branch to represent his good deeds
182:
church plays. A large literature, much of it by
European folklorists, bears on these subjects. ... Austrians in the community we studied are quite aware of "heathen" elements being blended with Christian elements in the Saint Nicholas customs and in other traditional winter ceremonies. They believe
191:
The
Perchten figures persisted but are unrelated to the Krampus. Krampus is a Perchten and Straggele inspired figure; but has very distinct physical traits that make Krampus unique to his cousins. Krampus is usually featured as a man with horns with one grotesque human foot and one foot of a goat,
321:
Artistic representations of
Krampus alongside Saint Nicholas further emphasize this contrast. For instance, early 20th-century Austrian postcards depict Krampus with a devilish appearance, contrasting sharply with the saintly, Aryan features of Saint Nicholas. This juxtaposition reinforces the
159:
The Saint
Nicholas festival we are describing incorporates cultural elements widely distributed in Europe. St. Nicholas himself became popular in Germany around the eleventh century. The feast dedicated to this patron of children is only one winter occasion in which children are the objects of
317:
Krampus' appearance and features are characterized by horns, hooves, fur, hooked nose, beard, dark hair, fangs, and a long tongue. Scholars have noted that the hooked nose and grotesque features mirror the antisemitic images of Jews in historical central
European art. This similarity raises
351:
of a bishop, and he carries a golden ceremonial staff. Unlike North
American versions of Santa Claus, in these celebrations Saint Nicholas concerns himself only with the good children, while Krampus is responsible for the bad. Nicholas dispenses gifts, while Krampus supplies coal and the
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were looked at with suspicion by the Catholic Church and banned by some civil authorities. Due to sparse population and rugged environments within the Alpine region, the ban was not effective or easily enforced, rendering the ban useless. Eventually the
902:
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distributed pamphlets titled "Krampus Is an Evil Man" for fear that encounters with Krampus might damage children's mental health. Towards the end of the century, a popular resurgence of Krampus celebrations occurred and continues today.
287:. The birch branches are replaced with a whip in some representations. On Christmas Eve, Krampus travels with a sack or a basket strapped to his back; this is to cart off evil children for drowning, eating, or transport to
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172:. Masked devils acting boisterously and making nuisances of themselves are known in Germany since at least the sixteenth century while animal masked devils combining dreadful-comic (
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344:, the wicked hairy devil appears on the streets. Sometimes accompanying St. Nicholas and sometimes on his own, Krampus visits homes and businesses. The Saint usually appears in the
248:
as well, along with a local artistic tradition of hand-carved wooden masks. In 2019 there were reports of drunken or disorderly conduct by masked Krampuses in some Austrian towns.
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Haid, Oliver (2006). "Christmas markets in the Tyrolean Alps: Representing regional traditions in a newly created world of Christmas". In Picard, David; Robinson, Mike (eds.).
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The Krampus is thought to be inspired by other mythical creatures, such as the Perchten or Straggele, though there are no written sources before the end of the 16th century.
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384:. In these Nicholas plays, Saint Nicholas would reward children for scholarly efforts rather than for good behavior. This is a theme that grew in Alpine regions where the
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throughout the year; however, if the child has misbehaved, Krampus will take the gifts for himself and leave only a silver branch to represent the child's bad acts.
124:, meaning "claw". The Krampus is considered to be a half-goat, half-demon monster in some legends. Its role is to punish bad children or scare them into being good.
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Every year there are arguments during Krampus runs. Occasionally spectators take revenge for whippings and attack Krampuses. In 2013, after several Krampus runs in
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Although Krampus appears in many variations, most share some common physical characteristics. He is hairy, usually brown or black, and has one foot that is a
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1689:"Austria struggles with marauding Krampus demons gone rogue: Police record rising violence and drunkenness in relation to traditional folkloric festivities"
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1160: – Ancient pre-Christian Slavic winter festival, an ancient pre-Christian Slavic festival where participants wear masks and costumes and run around.
922:
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84:("Krampus run"), young men dressed as Krampus attempt to scare the audience with their antics. Krampus is featured on holiday greeting cards called
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on 6 December. In this tradition, Saint Nicholas rewards well-behaved children with small gifts, while Krampus punishes badly behaved ones with
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279:. He thrashes the chains for dramatic effect. The chains are sometimes accompanied with bells of various sizes. Krampus will carry a bundle of
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1186:(Black Pete), who used to punish bad children with a "roe", and kidnap them in bags to Spain. But nowadays they are just as friendly as
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291:. Some of the older versions make mention of naughty children being put in the bag and taken away. This quality can be found in other
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416:, a two-legged humanoid goat with a giraffe-like neck, wearing animal furs. People wore costumes and marched in processions known as
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380:'s encounter with a tempter, the Nicholas plays featured competition for the human souls and played on the question of
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1879:"THE CHOSEN CREATURES: HOW ANIMAL JUXTAPOSITIONS IN ANTISEMITIC PROPAGANDA CONTRIBUTED TO INSTITUTIONALIZED OTHERNESS"
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765:, a comic series from Image Comics in 2013 created by Dean Kotz and Brian Joines, television – both live action ("
322:"otherness" of Krampus but also subtly aligns his characteristics with historical antisemitic depictions of Jews.
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The character of Krampus has been imported and modified for various North American media, including print (e.g.
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2195:"Meet Krampus, the Christmas Devil Who Punishes Naughty Children: The Alpine legend is the original bad Santa"
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Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast, and Italy, 1500–1800
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1117: – Scandinavian decorative Christmas straw goat, a goat associated with the midwinter period among the
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1553:"Krampus disliked in Fascist Austria; Genial Black and Red Devil, Symbol of Christmas Fun, Is Frowned Upon"
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is celebrated in parts of Europe on 6 December. On the preceding evening of 5 December, Krampus Night or
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have postulated that it may have pre-Christian origins. In traditional parades and in such events as the
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1210:, a Swiss New Year's Eve celebration featuring a musical procession of performers in grotesque costumes.
1067: – German Christmas gift-bringer, another West Germanic figure associated with the midwinter period
834:
721:). In most parts of Slovenia, whose culture was greatly affected by Austrian culture, Krampus is called
595:
A toned-down version of Krampus is part of the popular Christmas markets in Austrian urban centres like
555:
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transformed into what is now known as the Krampus and was made to be subjected to Saint Nicholas' will.
385:
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60:
2544:
2118:
1148: – Malevolent goblin in Southeastern European and Anatolian folklore – Creature in Balkan folklore
192:
typically covered in black hair, and unique to Krampus; also a very long snake or dragon like tongue.
28:
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the 16th to the 19th century. Basics for the analysis of today's understanding of tradition].
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that became intertwined with Catholicism. People would masquerade as a devilish figure known as
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437:, inspired by the Nicholas plays, introduced Saint Nicholas and his set of good morals. The
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1073: – German Alpine goddess, a female figure in West Germanic folklore whose procession (
599:. In these, more tourist-friendly interpretations, Krampus is more humorous than fearsome.
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2004:"Accounting for Contemporary Antisemitism: A Four-Dimensional Framework and a New Dataset"
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2485:[PHOTO: Saint Nicholas and Krampus arrived by sea and rewarded good children].
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1096:– a malevolent figure in urban folklore originating in Southern United States, like
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district hospital and over 60 other patients were treated on an outpatient basis.
484:, a total of eight injured people (mostly with broken bones) were admitted to the
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The Krampus and the Old Dark Christmas: Roots and Rebirth of the Folkloric Devil
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2685:"Box Office: Christmas Horror-Comedy 'Krampus' Jingles its Way to $ 16 Million"
1883:
Göteborg University/Department of Philosophy, Linguistics and Theory of Science
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2571:"Fiction Previews, November 2012, Pt. 1: McCall Smith, Mayle, Munro, and More"
2111:
Santa Claus, last of the Wild Men: the origins and evolution of Saint Nicholas
1933:
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1013:
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2019:
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and is one of the companions of MiklavĹľ, the Slovenian form of St. Nicholas.
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was created from a revision of this article dated 23 November 2015
2003:
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2409:[Got a kick in the boot? This is who the Krampus who left her is].
1878:
1392:
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361:
A seasonal play that spread throughout the Alpine regions was known as the
318:
questions about the implicit messages conveyed through Krampus' portrayal.
268:
and horns of a goat. His long, pointed tongue drops out, and he has fangs.
1331:
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Celebrating Life Customs around the World: From Baby Showers to Funerals
1988:
1964:
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man in a Straggele costume at the Washington DC Krampusnacht walk (2016)
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2483:"FOTO: Sveti Nikola i Krampus stigli su morem i nagradili dobru djecu"
954:
St. Nikolaus with 12 Straggele in Berchtesgadener Land, Germany (2016)
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2717:, a new paedophagous cichlid from Lake Malawi (Teleostei, Cichlidae)"
1350:
1132: – Japanese folklore character associated with new year's ritual
967:
942:
A St. Nicholas procession with Krampus, and other characters, c. 1910
881:
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662:
570:
183:
Krampus derives from a pagan supernatural who was assimilated to the
152:
1178: – Legendary figure based on Saint Nicholas, celebrated in the
504:
featuring Krampus since the 19th century. Sometimes introduced with
580:
nowhere to be seen. These Styrian companions of Krampus are called
5283:
5160:
4817:
4647:
4345:
3031:
2407:"Dobili ste šibu u čizmici? Evo tko je Krampus koji ju je ostavio"
1232:
649:
are used in the southern part of the country. Other names include
601:
511:
485:
312:
20th Century, Austrian Postcard depicting St. Nikolaus and Krampus
280:
255:
131:
27:
2632:"12 games where you beat the everloving cheer out of Santa Claus"
2060:
32:
1900s illustration of Saint Nicholas and Krampus visiting a child
4567:
4231:
2949:
698:
376:("Nicholas play"). Inspired by Paradise plays, which focused on
288:
45:
4651:
2860:
2512:"Joines & Kotz's "Krampus!" Terrorizes Christmas at Image"
2359:
2088:
2083:
1377:
610:
North American Krampus celebrations are a growing phenomenon.
2465:"Krampus nije baš tako loš kao što se čini, on samo opominje"
2061:"Art and propaganda - historical depictions of Jewish people"
424:, which are regarded as an earlier form of the Krampus runs.
19:
This article is about the folklore figure. For the film, see
2856:
2801:
1928:(1 ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 248–270,
1445:"Santa Claus Day in Hungary: Have You Been Naughty or Nice?"
271:
Krampus carries chains, thought to symbolize the binding of
2467:[Krampus isn't as bad as he seems, he just warns].
1920:
Strickland, Debra Higgs (31 May 2022), Katz, Steven (ed.),
2140:
2138:
1192:("de Sint"), and give sweets and presents to all children.
1154: – A companion of Saint Nicholas in Germanic folklore
450:, a strong distilled fruit brandy. These runs may include
303:
Jewish physiognomy stereotypes and anti-Semitic undertones
1785:"Who is Krampus? Explaining the Horrific Christmas Devil"
1306:
1304:
1283:"Krampus | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica"
896:
Nikolaus and Krampus in Austria in the early 20th century
1965:"The Antisemitic Origin of Michelangelo's Horned Moses"
1140:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
406:
There were already established pagan traditions in the
260:
A 1900s greeting card reading 'Greetings from Krampus!'
2379:
Christmas in ritual and tradition: Christian and Pagan
1728:
Bruce, Maurice (March 1958). "The Krampus in Styria".
1419:"St. Nicholas Day in Switzerland & Central Europe"
666:
55:
on visits to children during the night of 5 December (
2323:
Festivals, tourism and social change: remaking worlds
1334:[The Krampus arrive: A Hymn to Monstrosity].
1258:"The Origin of Krampus, Europe's Evil Twist on Santa"
526:
Krampus appears in the folklore of Austria, Bavaria,
462:
and sometimes female in representation, although the
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2545:"You'd Better Watch Out: Krampus Is Coming to Town"
1900:"The Devil's in the Details: The Krampus Conundrum"
1216: – Mythical being in Native American folklore.
1172: – Christmas figure in eastern Slavic cultures
613:Similar figures are recorded in neighboring areas.
2630:Reed, Ashley; Houghton, David (19 December 2014).
2259:Postmarked yesteryear: art of the holiday postcard
864:("Krampus with a child") postcard from around 1911
1366:
1364:
195:In the 17th century Krampus had been paired with
136:A person dressed as a Straggele at Morzger Pass,
1090: – Traditional religion of Germanic peoples
468:are properly associated with the period between
1311:Forcher, Michael; Peterlini, Hans Karl (2010).
155:, anthropologist John J. Honigmann wrote that:
2814:
2356:"Horror for the Holidays: Meet the Anti-Santa"
2188:
2186:
2079:"Horror for the Holidays: Meet the Anti Santa"
1332:"Arrivano I Krampus: Un Inno Alla MostruositĂ "
1319:] (in German). Haymon Verlag. p. 399.
1182:on 5 or 6 December. He has a companion called
644:
638:
632:
626:
620:
614:
212:, the Krampus tradition was prohibited by the
4663:
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1581:. 7 December 1953. p. 41. Archived from
1111: – Personifications of winter and summer
722:
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702:
147:Discussing his observations in 1975 while in
8:
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97:, and has appeared in movies, TV and games.
85:
79:
1187:
692:
59:; "Krampus Night"), immediately before the
4670:
4656:
4648:
4250:
2879:
2865:
2857:
2659:"Krampus – Binding of Isaac: Rebirth Wiki"
2226:The Devil in Design: The Krampus Postcards
1256:Magazine, Smithsonian; Billock, Jennifer.
244:The Krampus tradition is being revived in
70:The origin of the figure is unclear; some
2848:Roncero, Miguel. "Trailing the Krampus",
2728:
2027:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1641:"In Bavaria, Krampus Catches the Naughty"
1507:
1198: – 11-day carnival event in Slovenia
1126: – South Wales Christmas folk custom
984:A modern Perchten at the Perchtenlauf in
912:, northern Croatia, at local carnival in
514:-like creature. Krampus has also adorned
208:In the aftermath of the 1932 election in
2831:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
2156:
2144:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
306:
116:, meaning "dead", "rotten", or from the
1926:The Cambridge Companion to Antisemitism
1524:"Run, Kris Kringle, Krampus is Coming!"
1248:
974:
932:
849:
749:, a collection of vintage postcards by
44:figure who, in the Central and Eastern
2506:
2504:
2385:: Bell and Cockburn. pp. 227–29.
2169:Mittermayr, Helmut (8 December 2013).
1664:Alexandra, Zawadil (6 December 2006).
4209:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus
2602:McFarland, Kevin (16 December 2013).
2173:[70 injured in Krampus run].
1894:
1892:
1687:Oltermann, Philip (8 December 2019).
7:
2437:[Saint Nicholas - Mikulas].
2354:Crimmins, Peter (10 December 2011).
1820:Gatzke, Gretchen (1 December 2009).
1313:SĂĽdtirol in Geschichte und Gegenwart
1079:) occurs during the midwinter period
283:branches with which he occasionally
2745:from the original on 4 August 2022.
1371:Muckerman, Anna (8 December 2018).
1166: – Creature in Polish folklore
446:It is customary to offer a Krampus
16:Christmas figure in Alpine folklore
2604:"American Dad: "Minstrel Krampus""
2520:. 19 November 2013. Archived from
2059:Watson, Andrew (1 February 2022).
1666:"Santa's evil sidekick? Who knew?"
1490:Honigmann, John J. (Autumn 1977).
458:, similarly wild pagan spirits of
93:The figure has been imported into
14:
2265:: Collectors Press. p. 136.
2257:Apkarian-Russell, Pamela (2001).
2193:Little, Becky (5 December 2018).
1604:Silver, Marc (30 November 2009).
1373:"The man behind the Krampus mask"
606:Dallas Krampus Society Walk, 2016
5389:Johann Peter Petri (Black Peter)
4630:
4629:
4085:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004
3980:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight
2813:
1783:Basu, Tanya (17 December 2013).
1757:Zeller, Tom (24 December 2000).
1639:Olsen, Erik (21 December 2014).
1044:
1030:
1016:
993:
977:
959:
947:
935:
921:
901:
889:
869:
852:
811:, a 2014 video game), and film (
160:special attention, others being
2711:Dierickx K., Snoeks J. (2020).
2569:Hoffert, Barbara (3 May 2012).
2489:(in Croatian). 26 November 2016
2471:(in Croatian). 6 December 2014.
1473:Bayerische Hefte fĂĽr Volkskunde
1229: – Mythological Antagonist
1083:Pre-Christian Alpine traditions
747:Krampus: The Devil of Christmas
500:Europeans have been exchanging
108:is thought to come from either
4065:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland
3994:Christmas Day in the Workhouse
3377:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
3156:Legend of the Christmas Spider
2543:Hix, Lisa (11 December 2012).
2415:(in Croatian). 6 December 2015
2171:"70 Verletzte bei Krampuslauf"
1922:"Antisemitism in Medieval Art"
1357:(in Italian). 28 October 2011.
1330:Novak, Laura (December 2008).
1142:– Creature in Finnish folklore
842:fish, is named after Krampus.
625:in Austria and Bavaria, while
200:St Nicholas in the same role.
1:
4016:Christmas television specials
3915:The New Oxford Book of Carols
3002:Annunciation to the shepherds
2441:(in Croatian). Archived from
2292:. Santa Barbara, California:
2002:Enstad, Johannes Due (2023).
1877:Keller, Heidi (6 July 2023).
1759:"Have a Very Scary Christmas"
1744:10.1080/0015587X.1958.9717121
1509:10.1525/eth.1977.5.3.02a00020
808:The Binding of Isaac: Rebirth
548:Autonomous Province of Trento
5817:Companions of Saint Nicholas
5772:European folklore characters
4797:Companions of Saint Nicholas
4070:Christmas and holiday season
2721:European Journal of Taxonomy
1790:National Geographic Magazine
1477:Bavarian issues for folklore
1317:South Tyrol past and present
1138: – Scandinavian holiday
476:Criticism of the Krampus run
293:companions of Saint Nicholas
5659:Hirschsprung (Black Forest)
2286:Williams, Victoria (2016).
1795:National Geographic Society
1614:National Geographic Society
1105: – Architectural motif
673:German-speaking Switzerland
388:had significant influence.
166:Feast of the Holy Innocents
5838:
5752:German legendary creatures
5631:Volksmärchen der Deutschen
5466:Peter Nikoll (Black Peter)
2982:Adoration of the Shepherds
2373:Miles, Clement A. (1912).
741:Krampus in popular culture
738:
18:
4690:German-speaking countries
4685:
4625:
4226:WWE Tribute to the Troops
3987:A Visit from St. Nicholas
3908:The Oxford Book of Carols
3484:Feast of the Seven Fishes
3047:Massacre of the Innocents
2896:
2331:Channel View Publications
2115:Jefferson, North Carolina
2109:Siefker, Phyllis (1997).
1963:Bertman, Stephen (2009).
1934:10.1017/9781108637725.017
908:A Straggele costume from
5263:Christman Genipperteinga
4028:Apollo 8 Genesis reading
2435:"Sveti Nikola – Mikulaš"
2020:10.2979/ast.2023.a885991
1479:] (in German): 1–29.
777:A Very Venture Christmas
95:American popular culture
5609:Legends and fairy tales
5417:Kunigunde von OrlamĂĽnde
5375:Heinrich von Winkelried
4190:Small Business Saturday
4060:Black Friday (shopping)
4055:Black Friday (partying)
3549:Nine Lessons and Carols
3479:Events and celebrations
1353:[The Krampus].
1204: – Mythical figure
1109:Holly King and Oak King
709:
703:
667:
645:
639:
633:
627:
621:
615:
113:
51:, is said to accompany
5494:RĂĽdiger von Bechelaren
5277:Eppelein von Gailingen
3834:Post-War United States
2809:
2789:Listen to this article
2236:. pp. 14–29, 32.
1848:Davis, Robert (2004).
1822:"Krampus? Who's That?"
1188:
1119:North Germanic peoples
1075:
860:
755:Krampus: The Yule Lord
723:
693:
683:
677:
657:
651:
607:
588:
582:
575:
528:Bosnia and Herzegovina
518:and candy containers.
506:
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363:
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340:
327:
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261:
231:Christian Social Party
225:
189:
174:
141:
121:
86:
80:
33:
5782:Mythological monsters
5666:Venusberg (mythology)
5473:Pied Piper of Hamelin
5319:Götz von Berlichingen
5235:Arnold von Winkelried
3883:Hit singles in the US
3878:Hit singles in the UK
3439:Carols by Candlelight
3367:Santa Claus' daughter
2975:Adoration of the Magi
2808:
2763:. Port Townsend, WA:
2759:Ridenour, Al (2016).
2360:National Public Radio
2089:National Public Radio
789:", a 2013 episode of
779:", a 2004 episode of
769:", a 2012 episode of
739:Further information:
605:
556:Friuli-Venezia Giulia
386:Roman Catholic Church
336:Feast of St. Nicholas
310:
259:
178:) antics appeared in
157:
135:
61:Feast of St. Nicholas
31:
5792:Christmas in Germany
5787:Supernatural legends
5757:Christmas characters
5557:Walram of Thierstein
5431:Matthias Klostermayr
5312:Giselher of Burgundy
5305:Genevieve of Brabant
5291:Frederick Barbarossa
4175:Santa's Candy Castle
3499:Google Santa Tracker
2840:More spoken articles
2730:10.5852/ejt.2020.672
2517:Comic Book Resources
2439:www.hrvatskarijec.rs
2176:Tiroler Tageszeitung
2008:Antisemitism Studies
1620:on 22 September 2010
1262:Smithsonian Magazine
910:Sveti Martin na Muri
226:Vaterländische Front
5617:Grimms' Fairy Tales
5564:Walter of Aquitaine
5536:The Smith of Kochel
4180:Santa Claus Village
4095:Christmas Mountains
4001:Journey of the Magi
3007:Baptism of the Lord
2683:(4 December 2015).
2445:on 22 December 2015
2333:. pp. 216–19.
1801:on 20 February 2014
1676:on 2 November 2017.
1653:on 8 November 2020.
1585:on 22 December 2008
1573:"Throw Out Krampus"
1561:. 23 December 1934.
1024:Christianity portal
817:, a 2015 Christmas
49:folkloric tradition
5822:Paganism in Europe
5762:Holiday characters
5571:Werner Stauffacher
5487:Punker of Rohrbach
5403:Knight of the Swan
4290:Twelve-dish supper
4140:Jews and Christmas
4090:Christmas Lectures
3819:American Civil War
3554:NORAD Tracks Santa
2930:Saint Nicholas Day
2810:
2715:Protomelas krampus
2661:. 18 November 2016
2524:on 26 January 2021
2121:pp. 155–159.
1854:Palgrave Macmillan
1764:The New York Times
1646:The New York Times
1558:The New York Times
1287:www.britannica.com
835:Protomelas krampus
823:Universal Pictures
775:) and animation ("
757:, a 2012 novel by
735:In popular culture
608:
522:Regional variation
315:
262:
236:In the 1950s, the
151:, a small town in
142:
34:
5797:Bavarian folklore
5737:Austrian folklore
5714:
5713:
5599:Xaver Hohenleiter
5543:Till Eulenspiegel
5410:Konrad Baumgarten
5396:Klaus Störtebeker
5270:Dietrich von Bern
4888:Feuermann (ghost)
4645:
4644:
4621:
4620:
4285:Thirteen desserts
4205:Virginia O'Hanlon
4050:Advent Conspiracy
3964:Films (Christmas,
3956:A Christmas Carol
3901:Carols for Choirs
3444:Cavalcade of Magi
3424:Boar's Head Feast
3093:Star of Bethlehem
3064:Nativity of Jesus
3052:flight into Egypt
2937:St. Stephen's Day
2852:, 2 December 2013
2806:
2774:978-1-62731-034-5
2549:Collectors Weekly
2392:978-0-665-81125-8
2340:978-1-84541-048-3
2327:Buffalo, New York
2303:978-1-4408-3659-6
2272:978-1-888054-54-5
2243:978-1-56097-542-7
2159:, pp. 97–99.
2128:978-0-7864-0246-5
2119:McFarland and Co.
1943:978-1-108-63772-5
1827:The Vienna Review
1533:. 2 December 2008
1492:"The Masked Face"
1451:. 6 November 2020
1449:Hungarian Pod 101
1399:. 20 October 2023
1289:. 20 October 2023
1088:Germanic paganism
838:, the freshwater
782:The Venture Bros.
460:Germanic folklore
216:regime under the
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5077:Nixie (folklore)
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4811:Drak (mythology)
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4468:Redcurrant sauce
4257:
4251:
4246:
4220:Winter festivals
3970:Christmas horror
3937:
3848:
3679:
3534:Meals and feasts
3454:Christmas jumper
3401:
3372:Santa's reindeer
3324:
3270:Father Christmas
3234:
3191:Santa's workshop
3112:
3074:in later culture
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2579:. Archived from
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1797:. Archived from
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1672:. Archived from
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1654:
1649:. Archived from
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1629:
1627:
1625:
1616:. Archived from
1610:NGM Blog Central
1606:"Merry Krampus?"
1601:
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1425:. 6 October 2018
1415:
1409:
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1406:
1404:
1393:"Krampus legend"
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1052:Mythology portal
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997:
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861:Krampus mit Kind
856:
787:Minstrel Krampus
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507:GruĂź vom Krampus
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277:Christian Church
228:
221:Fatherland Front
218:clerical fascist
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89:
83:
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5832:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5802:Masks in Europe
5777:Santa's helpers
5767:European demons
5742:German folklore
5732:Alpine folklore
5717:
5716:
5715:
5710:
5703:
5698:German folklore
5696:
5685:
5680:Walpurgis Night
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5035:Mare (folklore)
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4993:Knecht Ruprecht
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4679:German folklore
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4635:
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4583:Pickled herring
4556:
4525:
4472:
4463:Cranberry sauce
4446:
4425:
4401:Red velvet cake
4386:Poppy seed roll
4304:
4255:
4244:
4242:
4236:
4215:White Christmas
4105:Christmas truce
4100:Christmas seals
4080:Christmas creep
4042:
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3935:
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3677:
3671:
3524:Lord of Misrule
3459:Christmas Peace
3409:Advent calendar
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3342:Knecht Ruprecht
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2583:on 29 June 2017
2576:Library Journal
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2433:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2405:
2404:
2400:
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2353:
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2320:
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2304:
2296:. p. 222.
2285:
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2203:
2192:
2191:
2184:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2155:
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2143:
2136:
2129:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2091:
2077:
2076:
2072:
2067:. Februa: 2–10.
2058:
2057:
2053:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1890:
1876:
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1864:
1847:
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1699:
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1598:
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1536:
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1324:
1310:
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1292:
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1276:
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1255:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1223:
1152:Knecht Ruprecht
1139:
1061:
1059:Related figures
1050:
1045:
1043:
1038:Holidays portal
1036:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1012:
1005:
998:
989:
982:
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940:
929:
926:
917:
906:
897:
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885:
874:
865:
857:
848:
840:actinopterygian
831:
795:)–video games (
767:A Krampus Carol
751:Monte Beauchamp
743:
737:
524:
498:
478:
472:and 6 January.
470:winter solstice
404:
367:
332:
305:
254:
206:
185:Christian devil
130:
103:
76:anthropologists
42:anthropomorphic
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5835:
5833:
5825:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5747:German legends
5744:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5719:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5705:Swiss folklore
5701:
5693:
5691:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5683:
5676:
5669:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5645:Nibelungenlied
5641:
5638:Gespensterbuch
5634:
5627:
5624:Deutsche Sagen
5620:
5612:
5610:
5606:
5605:
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5508:Schinderhannes
5504:
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5490:
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5469:
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5434:
5427:
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5399:
5392:
5385:
5378:
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5364:
5361:Hans von Sagan
5357:
5350:
5347:Hagen (legend)
5343:
5336:
5329:
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5315:
5308:
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5108:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5084:Ork (folklore)
5080:
5073:
5066:
5059:
5052:
5045:
5042:Mephistopheles
5038:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5010:
5003:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4975:
4968:
4961:
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4898:
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4849:
4842:
4839:Ekke Nekkepenn
4835:
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4807:
4800:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4772:
4765:
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4713:Alp (folklore)
4709:
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4544:
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4527:
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4518:
4517:
4516:
4514:Smoking Bishop
4506:
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4496:
4491:
4486:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4465:
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4277:
4272:
4267:
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4248:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4202:
4197:
4195:Super Saturday
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4125:Giving Tuesday
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4075:Christmas club
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4046:
4044:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4013:
4012:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3973:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3952:
3941:
3939:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3922:Piae Cantiones
3918:
3911:
3904:
3894:
3888:Music charts (
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3852:
3850:
3842:
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3456:
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3405:
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3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
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3380:
3379:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3357:Père Fouettard
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3328:
3326:
3323:Saint Nicholas
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3275:Grandpa Indian
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3243:Saint Nicholas
3239:
3237:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3224:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3181:Old Man Winter
3178:
3173:
3168:
3166:Miner's figure
3163:
3158:
3153:
3151:Kallikantzaros
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3117:
3115:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3089:
3088:
3081:Nativity scene
3078:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3061:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
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3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
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2966:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2916:Children's Day
2912:
2905:
2902:Blue Christmas
2897:
2894:
2893:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2876:
2869:
2861:
2855:
2854:
2833:
2819:
2812:
2800:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:External links
2781:
2780:
2779:
2773:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:
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2672:
2650:
2622:
2594:
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2271:
2249:
2242:
2232:, Washington:
2213:
2182:
2161:
2149:
2147:, p. 191.
2134:
2127:
2101:
2070:
2051:
1994:
1955:
1942:
1912:
1888:
1869:
1863:978-1403945518
1862:
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1208:Silvesterklaus
1205:
1199:
1193:
1173:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1149:
1146:Kallikantzaros
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1112:
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1080:
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1008:
1007:
1006:
1004:, Italy (2006)
999:
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970:, Italy (2016)
965:
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931:
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927:
920:
918:
907:
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898:
895:
888:
886:
878:Saint Nicholas
875:
868:
866:
858:
851:
847:
844:
830:
827:
736:
733:
622:Klaubauf(mann)
544:Northern Italy
536:Czech Republic
523:
520:
502:greeting cards
497:
490:
477:
474:
427:Perchtenlaufen
420:Perchtenlaufen
408:Alpine regions
403:
390:
331:
324:
304:
301:
285:swats children
253:
250:
205:
204:Modern history
202:
175:schauriglustig
170:New Year's Day
129:
126:
102:
99:
53:Saint Nicholas
21:Krampus (film)
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5834:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
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5798:
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5561:
5558:
5554:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5540:
5537:
5533:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5522:Stauffacherin
5519:
5516:
5512:
5509:
5505:
5502:
5498:
5495:
5491:
5488:
5484:
5481:
5480:Princess Ilse
5477:
5474:
5470:
5467:
5463:
5460:
5456:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5442:
5439:
5435:
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5428:
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5407:
5404:
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5397:
5393:
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5372:
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5257:
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5229:
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5158:
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5141:
5137:
5134:
5130:
5127:
5123:
5120:
5116:
5113:
5109:
5106:
5102:
5099:
5098:Petermännchen
5095:
5092:
5088:
5085:
5081:
5078:
5074:
5071:
5067:
5064:
5060:
5057:
5053:
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5039:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4979:King Goldemar
4976:
4973:
4969:
4966:
4965:Klabautermann
4962:
4959:
4955:
4952:
4948:
4945:
4941:
4938:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4924:
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4906:
4903:
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4777:
4773:
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4707:
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4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4561:Meat and fish
4559:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4522:
4519:
4515:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4499:Hot chocolate
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4464:
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4298:
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4273:
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4268:
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4260:
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4230:
4228:
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4210:
4206:
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4201:
4200:Ugly sweaters
4198:
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4116:
4113:
4111:
4110:Controversies
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4037:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4009:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3984:
3981:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3968:
3965:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3945:In literature
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3932:
3924:
3923:
3919:
3917:
3916:
3912:
3910:
3909:
3905:
3903:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3891:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3843:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3814:United States
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3544:Moravian star
3542:
3540:
3539:Midnight Mass
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3429:Candle arches
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3419:Advent wreath
3417:
3415:
3414:Advent candle
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3321:Companions of
3317:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:Gift-bringers
3228:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3105:
3099:
3098:Twelfth Night
3096:
3094:
3091:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3059:Nativity Fast
3057:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3017:Christmastide
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2992:Angel Gabriel
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2970:Biblical Magi
2968:
2967:
2965:
2959:
2953:
2948:
2946:
2941:
2939:
2934:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2923:Christmas Eve
2920:
2918:
2913:
2911:
2906:
2904:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2891:
2882:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2850:Vienna Review
2846:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2822:
2782:
2776:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2752:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2716:
2707:
2704:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2639:
2638:
2633:
2626:
2623:
2611:
2610:
2609:The A.V. Club
2605:
2598:
2595:
2582:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2565:
2562:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2536:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2501:
2488:
2487:Liburnija.net
2484:
2478:
2475:
2470:
2469:www.24sata.hr
2466:
2460:
2457:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2414:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2394:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2369:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2347:
2342:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2314:
2309:
2305:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2282:
2279:
2274:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2253:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2235:
2234:Fantagraphics
2231:
2227:
2223:
2217:
2214:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2172:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2157:Ridenour 2016
2153:
2150:
2146:
2145:Ridenour 2016
2141:
2139:
2135:
2130:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2105:
2102:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2029:11250/3062760
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1998:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1975:(4): 95–106.
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1956:
1945:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1913:
1901:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1870:
1865:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1841:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1816:
1813:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1753:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1683:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1635:
1632:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1597:
1584:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1568:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1548:
1545:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1516:
1510:
1505:
1502:(3): 263–80.
1501:
1497:
1493:
1486:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1466:
1463:
1450:
1446:
1440:
1437:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1398:
1394:
1388:
1385:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1367:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1342:
1338:(in Italian).
1337:
1333:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1263:
1259:
1252:
1249:
1243:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1180:Low Countries
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1042:
1039:
1033:
1028:
1025:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1003:
1000:Straggele in
996:
991:
987:
980:
975:
969:
966:Straggele In
962:
957:
950:
945:
938:
933:
924:
919:
915:
911:
904:
899:
892:
887:
883:
879:
872:
867:
862:
855:
850:
845:
843:
841:
837:
836:
828:
826:
824:
820:
819:comedy horror
816:
815:
810:
809:
804:
800:
799:
794:
793:
792:American Dad!
788:
784:
783:
778:
774:
773:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
742:
734:
732:
728:
725:
720:
716:
711:
705:
700:
695:
690:
685:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
653:
647:
641:
635:
629:
623:
617:
611:
604:
600:
598:
593:
590:
584:
577:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
521:
519:
517:
513:
508:
503:
495:
494:Krampuskarten
491:
489:
487:
483:
475:
473:
471:
466:
461:
456:
455:
449:
444:
441:
435:
428:
422:
421:
414:
409:
401:
395:
391:
389:
387:
383:
379:
374:
371:
366:
365:Nikolausspiel
359:
356:
350:
347:
342:
337:
329:
325:
323:
319:
313:
309:
302:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
269:
267:
266:cloven hooves
258:
251:
249:
247:
242:
239:
234:
232:
227:
222:
219:
215:
211:
203:
201:
198:
193:
188:
186:
181:
176:
171:
167:
163:
156:
154:
150:
145:
139:
134:
127:
125:
123:
122:kramp/krampen
119:
115:
111:
107:
100:
98:
96:
91:
88:
87:Krampuskarten
82:
77:
73:
68:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
47:
43:
39:
30:
26:
22:
5807:Ritual masks
5592:Wolfdietrich
5578:William Tell
5501:SchildbĂĽrger
5210:Wolpertinger
5175:Wiedergänger
5168:WeiĂźe Frauen
5119:Rhinemaidens
5006:
4867:Ewiger Jäger
4832:Easter Bunny
4804:Doppelgänger
4688:Folklore of
4687:
4573:Gefilte fish
4521:Ponche crema
4356:Melomakarono
4224:
4115:Cyber Monday
4020:
3985:
3954:
3920:
3913:
3906:
3899:
3896:Music books
3889:
3727:Nazi Germany
3619:
3615:Secret Santa
3602:
3489:Flying Santa
3346:
3196:TiĂł de Nadal
3146:Korvatunturi
2997:Annunciation
2963:Christianity
2944:Sol Invictus
2849:
2760:
2753:Bibliography
2720:
2714:
2706:
2694:. Retrieved
2688:
2681:McNary, Dave
2675:
2663:. Retrieved
2653:
2641:. Retrieved
2635:
2625:
2613:. Retrieved
2607:
2597:
2585:. Retrieved
2581:the original
2574:
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2548:
2538:
2526:. Retrieved
2522:the original
2515:
2491:. Retrieved
2486:
2477:
2468:
2459:
2447:. Retrieved
2443:the original
2438:
2429:
2417:. Retrieved
2410:
2401:
2378:
2368:
2349:
2322:
2316:
2308:Google Books
2306:– via
2288:
2281:
2258:
2252:
2225:
2216:
2204:. Retrieved
2198:
2179:(in German).
2174:
2164:
2152:
2110:
2104:
2092:. Retrieved
2082:
2073:
2064:
2054:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1972:
1968:
1958:
1947:, retrieved
1925:
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1882:
1872:
1849:
1843:
1831:. Retrieved
1825:
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1799:the original
1788:
1762:
1752:
1738:(1): 44–47.
1735:
1729:
1698:. Retrieved
1694:The Guardian
1692:
1682:
1674:the original
1659:
1651:the original
1644:
1634:
1622:. Retrieved
1618:the original
1609:
1599:
1587:. Retrieved
1583:the original
1576:
1567:
1556:
1547:
1535:. Retrieved
1527:
1518:
1499:
1495:
1485:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1448:
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1422:
1413:
1401:. Retrieved
1396:
1387:
1376:
1355:Friulani.net
1354:
1344:
1335:
1325:
1316:
1312:
1291:. Retrieved
1286:
1277:
1265:. Retrieved
1261:
1251:
1238:Horned deity
1196:Kurentovanje
1076:Perchtenlauf
884:home in 1896
876:Krampus and
833:
832:
812:
806:
796:
790:
780:
770:
762:
754:
746:
744:
729:
658:Bartholomeus
619:in Bavaria,
612:
609:
594:
568:
525:
499:
479:
445:
434:Perchtenlauf
405:
394:Perchtenlauf
378:Adam and Eve
360:
346:Eastern Rite
341:Krampusnacht
333:
328:Krampusnacht
320:
316:
311:
270:
263:
243:
235:
207:
197:St. Nicholas
194:
190:
158:
146:
143:
105:
104:
92:
69:
57:Krampusnacht
56:
40:is a horned
37:
35:
25:
5459:Peter Klaus
5203:Witte Wiwer
5133:Santa Claus
5105:Poltergeist
5049:Moss people
4986:King Laurin
4895:Feldgeister
4846:Elwetritsch
4588:Roast goose
4509:Mulled wine
4489:Champurrado
4484:Apple cider
4458:Bread sauce
4411:Szaloncukor
4391:Pumpkin pie
4341:Gingerbread
4295:Smörgåsbord
3936:Other media
3774:Philippines
3764:New Zealand
3647:Twelve Days
3604:Räuchermann
3559:Nutcrackers
3509:Las Posadas
3469:Decorations
3449:Christingle
3389:Zwarte Piet
3384:Snegurochka
3305:Sinterklaas
3255:Santa Claus
2765:Feral House
2696:14 December
2643:21 December
2615:5 September
2587:21 December
2528:21 December
2449:14 December
2419:14 December
2206:17 December
2094:22 December
2014:(1): 4–49.
1949:28 December
1905:28 December
1833:17 December
1624:17 December
1589:18 December
1537:17 December
1529:Der Spiegel
1455:28 November
1429:28 November
1403:28 November
1351:"I Krampus"
1189:Sinterklaas
1184:Zwarte Piet
1176:Sinterklaas
1136:Nuuttipukki
821:movie from
803:arcade game
759:Gerald Brom
583:Schabmänner
552:South Tyrol
542:, Romania,
400:Krampuslauf
368: [
297:Zwarte Piet
81:Krampuslauf
72:folklorists
5721:Categories
5652:FreischĂĽtz
5529:Tannhäuser
5382:Hildebrand
5340:Gundomar I
5298:Friar Rush
5147:Tatzelwurm
5112:Rasselbock
5063:Nachzehrer
5056:Nachtkrapp
5028:Lutzelfrau
4937:Hinzelmann
4902:Frau Holle
4790:Christkind
4783:Changeling
4748:Belsnickel
4316:Candy cane
4265:Joulupöytä
4165:Pikkujoulu
3829:New Mexico
3678:By country
3652:Wassailing
3593:Poinsettia
3400:Traditions
3352:Mrs. Claus
3332:Belsnickel
3285:Julemanden
3280:Joulupukki
3211:Wenceslaus
3176:North Pole
3141:Jack Frost
3131:Christkind
3086:Neapolitan
2909:Boxing Day
2836:Audio help
2827:2015-11-23
2665:5 December
2637:GamesRadar
2554:4 December
2493:5 December
1700:8 December
1397:Britannica
1293:4 December
1267:4 December
1244:References
1065:Belsnickel
986:Klagenfurt
772:The League
710:Pelzmärtel
684:Hüllepöpel
640:Niglobartl
482:East Tyrol
252:Appearance
238:government
229:) and the
65:birch rods
5424:Lohengrin
5182:Wild Hunt
4972:Klagmuhme
4755:Bergmönch
4727:Aufhocker
4603:Tourtière
4593:Romeritos
4530:Dumplings
4477:Beverages
4381:Pecan pie
4371:Panettone
4366:Pampushka
4361:Mince pie
4336:Fruitcake
4280:RĂ©veillon
4160:NFL games
4155:NBA games
4150:In August
4120:Economics
3890:Billboard
3744:Indonesia
3687:Australia
3662:Yule goat
3637:Stockings
3571:Ornaments
3300:Père Noël
3295:Olentzero
3290:Noel Baba
3265:Ded Moroz
3221:Yule Lads
3161:Mari Lwyd
3012:Bethlehem
2889:Christmas
2739:225649985
2046:259346037
2038:2474-1817
1981:0882-8539
1170:Ded Moroz
1124:Mari Lwyd
1115:Yule goat
1103:Green Man
801:, a 1998
753:in 2004;
719:Franconia
704:Belzmärte
668:Schmutzli
616:Strohbart
516:postcards
349:vestments
273:the Devil
162:Martinmas
140:, Austria
101:Etymology
5690:See also
5438:Nibelung
5354:Hannikel
5256:Brunhild
5189:Wild man
5126:RĂĽbezahl
5014:Lindworm
4916:Heimchen
4853:Erdhenne
4769:Bogeyman
4762:Bieresel
4741:Beerwolf
4720:Askafroa
4706:Alberich
4636:Category
4607:meat pie
4598:Stuffing
4552:Varenyky
4421:Yule log
4396:Qurabiya
4270:Julebord
4243:Food and
4170:SantaCon
4135:El Gordo
4022:Yule Log
3794:Scotland
3707:Ethiopia
3692:Colombia
3667:Yule log
3621:Spanbaum
3598:Pyramids
3464:Crackers
3362:Sack Man
3248:folklore
3216:Yule cat
3121:Badalisc
3111:folklore
3022:Epiphany
2838: ·
2743:Archived
2412:Index.hr
2294:ABC-CLIO
2224:(2004).
2065:Chevarim
1989:42944790
1805:23 April
1731:Folklore
1336:Instoria
1227:Bogeyman
1202:Wild man
1130:Namahage
1098:Maryland
1010:See also
882:Viennese
880:visit a
798:CarnEvil
689:WĂĽrzburg
597:Salzburg
564:Slovenia
560:Slovakia
465:Perchten
454:Perchten
448:schnapps
382:morality
295:such as
214:Dollfuss
180:medieval
138:Salzburg
110:Bavarian
5727:Krampus
5326:Gunther
5091:Perchta
5070:Nis Puk
5021:Lorelei
5007:Krampus
4951:Irrwurz
4944:Hödekin
4874:Fänggen
4860:Erlking
4734:Bahkauv
4542:Pierogi
4537:Hallaca
4442:Borscht
4406:Stollen
4376:Pavlova
4351:MakĂłwki
4331:Cozonac
4300:Wigilia
4185:Scrooge
4145:In July
4043:society
3975:Poetry
3809:Ukraine
3784:Romania
3749:Ireland
3739:Iceland
3734:Hungary
3722:Germany
3712:Finland
3702:England
3697:Denmark
3657:Windows
3588:Piñatas
3576:Parades
3529:Markets
3514:Letters
3504:Hampers
3347:Krampus
3186:Perchta
3126:Caganer
2825: (
2796:minutes
2723:(672).
2690:Variety
2383:Toronto
2230:Seattle
2200:History
1670:Reuters
1214:Wendigo
1158:Koliada
1094:Goatman
1071:Perchta
1002:Toblach
914:ÄŚakovec
846:Gallery
829:Biology
814:Krampus
763:Krampus
724:parkelj
646:Wubartl
540:Hungary
532:Croatia
275:by the
246:Bavaria
210:Austria
149:Irdning
128:Origins
106:Krampus
38:Krampus
5812:Devils
5673:Vineta
5585:Witege
5515:Sigurd
5445:Ortnit
5333:Gudrun
5242:Attila
5220:People
5140:Schrat
5000:Kobold
4930:Hemann
4881:Fasolt
4698:Beings
4613:Turkey
4547:Tamale
4504:Kissel
4494:Eggnog
4451:Sauces
4437:Menudo
4416:TurrĂłn
4326:Cookie
4309:Sweets
4275:KĹ«ÄŤios
4256:Dinner
4130:Grinch
4041:modern
4008:Tomten
3967:Santa,
3950:novels
3868:Operas
3856:Carols
3824:Hawaii
3804:Sweden
3799:Serbia
3789:Russia
3779:Poland
3769:Norway
3759:Mexico
3717:France
3632:Stamps
3627:Szopka
3519:Lights
3474:Didukh
3310:Others
3260:Befana
3206:Vertep
3069:in art
3037:Joseph
2987:Advent
2771:
2737:
2389:
2375:"VIII"
2337:
2300:
2269:
2240:
2125:
2044:
2036:
1987:
1979:
1969:Shofar
1940:
1860:
1531:Online
1423:iFolor
988:(2006)
968:Sexten
916:(2015)
715:Swabia
694:Zember
663:Styria
652:Barrel
643:, and
634:Bartel
589:Rauhen
573:, the
571:Styria
562:, and
554:, and
534:, the
440:Percht
413:Percht
168:, and
164:, the
153:Styria
118:German
114:krampn
46:Alpine
5284:Faust
5161:Uhaml
5154:TĂĽrst
4909:GĂĽtel
4818:Drude
4346:Kutia
4245:drink
3873:Songs
3847:Music
3754:Italy
3610:Seals
3564:dolls
3494:Gifts
3434:Cards
3337:Elves
3201:Turoń
3171:Nisse
3136:Grýla
3032:Jesus
2735:S2CID
2042:S2CID
1985:JSTOR
1496:Ethos
1475:[
1315:[
1233:Demon
1221:Other
1164:Turoń
678:Pöpel
628:Bartl
512:Cupid
486:Lienz
372:]
281:birch
4568:Carp
4430:Soup
4321:Cake
4232:Xmas
3861:list
3642:Tree
3581:list
3042:Mary
2951:Yule
2769:ISBN
2698:2015
2667:2016
2645:2014
2617:2020
2589:2014
2556:2018
2530:2014
2495:2016
2451:2015
2421:2015
2387:ISBN
2335:ISBN
2298:ISBN
2267:ISBN
2238:ISBN
2208:2022
2123:ISBN
2096:2011
2034:ISSN
1977:ISSN
1951:2023
1938:ISBN
1907:2023
1858:ISBN
1835:2011
1807:2014
1702:2019
1626:2011
1591:2011
1578:Time
1539:2011
1457:2023
1431:2023
1405:2023
1295:2023
1269:2023
717:and
707:and
699:Cheb
576:Rute
397:and
355:Rute
334:The
289:Hell
74:and
36:The
4578:Ham
3108:In
2725:doi
2084:NPR
2024:hdl
2016:doi
1930:doi
1740:doi
1504:doi
1378:BBC
825:).
785:, "
761:);
701:),
691:),
681:or
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