474:
451:
63:
72:
1463:(L.) Kuntze (Tea) and improvement of cognitive function (ID 1104, 1222, 1600, 1601, 1707, 1935, 2004, 2005), alleviation of psychological stress (ID 1598, 1601), maintenance of normal sleep (ID 1222, 1737, 2004) and reduction of menstrual discomfort (ID 1599) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006"
1126:
While it was estimated the quantity of green tea consumed by the average
Japanese tea drinker per day contains about 20 mg of the substance, there are no studies measuring the amount of theanine being extracted by typical preparation methods, or the percentage lost by discarding the first
919:
extractsâpossible for oversteeped teas and in undisclosed commercial preparative processesâhas been reported to result in increasing racemization of theanine to give increasing proportions of the nonnatural D-theanine, up to equal proportions of each enantiomer.
2271:
1123:, BfR) objected to the addition of isolated theanine to beverages. The institute stated the amount of theanine consumed by regular drinkers of tea or coffee is virtually impossible to determine.
2264:
1542:
Desai MJ, Armstrong DW (2004). "Analysis of derivatized and underivatized theanine enantiomers by high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization-mass spectrometry".
2257:
140:
2930:
2979:
1127:
infusion. Therefore, with the
Japanese being exposed to possibly much less than 20 mg per day, and Europeans presumably even less, it was the opinion of the BfR that
2934:
2926:
1896:"Characterization of l-Theanine Excitatory Actions on Hippocampal Neurons: Toward the Generation of Novel N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Modulators Based on Its Backbone"
806:
between theanine consumption and improved cognitive function, alleviation of psychological stress, maintenance of normal sleep, or reduction of menstrual discomfort.
1150:
On 13 November 2023, the
Inspection by the Administration of Food Safety, Veterinary Medicine and Plant Protection of the Republic of Slovenia banned the sale of
2353:
2348:
1821:
Nathan PJ, Lu K, Gray M, Oliver C (2006). "The neuropharmacology of L-theanine(N-ethyl-L-glutamine): a possible neuroprotective and cognitive enhancing agent".
1173:
Theanine supplements have been marketed with a variety of claims that they improve cognitive performance, reduce stress, improve sleep quality, and alleviate
822:-glutamine and other synonyms (see box) for theanine reflect its chemical structure. The name theanine, without prefix, is generally understood to imply the
584:
1979:
Sugiyama T, Sadzuka Y, Tanaka K, Sonobe T (April 2001). "Inhibition of glutamate transporter by theanine enhances the therapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin".
1944:
Nagasawa K, Aoki H, Yasuda E, Nagai K, Shimohama S, Fujimoto S (July 2004). "Possible involvement of group I mGluRs in neuroprotective effect of theanine".
888:) enantiomer is largely absent from the literature, except implicitly. While natural extracts that are not harshly treated are presumed to contain only the
2999:
1104:-theanine has been approved for use in all foods, with some restrictions in the case of infant foods. In the United States, the FDA considers it to be
2228:
Keenan EK, Finnie MD, Jones PS, Rogers PJ, Priestley CM (2011). "How much theanine in a cup of tea? Effects of tea type and method of preparation".
1112:
2954:
2155:
2994:
2646:
2600:
1233:"Kinetics of L-theanine uptake and metabolism in healthy participants are comparable after ingestion of L-theanine via capsules and green tea"
2984:
2486:
2121:
2014:
Narukawa M, Toda Y, Nakagita T, Hayashi Y, Misaka T (June 2014). "L-Theanine elicits umami taste via the T1R1 + T1R3 umami taste receptor".
1154:
energy drinks in
Slovenia as they contain L-theanine, which is not allowed in non-alcoholic beverages. Prime Hydration may be freely sold.
1131:
reactions to drinks typically containing 50 mg of theanine per 500 milliliters could not be excludedâreactions such as impairment of
2411:
1718:"Effect of Shading on the Morphological, Physiological, and Biochemical Characteristics as Well as the Transcriptome of Matcha Green Tea"
915:
in aqueous media is a well-established chemical process promoted by elevated temperature and non-neutral pH values; prolonged heating of
2383:
2964:
2307:
1681:
Casimir J, Jadot J, Renard M (April 1960). "" [Separation and characterization of N-ethyl-Îł-glutamine from
Xerocomus badius].
1166:
per day may reduce stress and anxiety in people with acute stress, but there was insufficient evidence for the use of L-theanine as a
2605:
2491:
1279:
2175:"The Effects of Green Tea Amino Acid L-Theanine Consumption on the Ability to Manage Stress and Anxiety Levels: a Systematic Review"
610:
2330:
895:- enantiomeric form, mishandled isolates and racemic chemical preparations of theanines necessarily contain both theanine and its
2580:
2464:
543:
1621:
1358:
2989:
2702:
2399:
1055:
1052:
236:
161:
1178:
799:
1020:
2922:
2799:
2298:
1105:
1009:
776:
768:
350:
550:
2546:
430:
2426:
2959:
2794:
2679:
2669:
1859:
Kakuda T (August 2011). "Neuroprotective effects of theanine and its preventive effects on cognitive dysfunction".
947:
in quantities of about 1% of the dry weight. Deliberately shading tea plants from direct sunlight, as is done for
2441:
1432:
1195:
2885:
2726:
835:
691:
2707:
2174:
1385:"More than just caffeine: psychopharmacology of methylxanthine interactions with plant-derived phytochemicals"
2692:
2477:
2872:
2766:
1108:
and allows its use as an ingredient in dietary supplements or foods up to a maximum of 250 mg per serving.
114:
1894:
Sebih F, Rousset M, Bellahouel S, Rolland M, de Jesus
Ferreira MC, Guiramand J, et al. (August 2017).
469:
2857:
2819:
2496:
2363:
419:
2526:
2391:
1494:
Vuong QV, Bowyer MC, Roach PD (August 2011). "L-Theanine: properties, synthesis and isolation from tea".
2974:
2739:
2716:
2290:
2287:
2084:
1895:
1063:
1059:
176:
2137:
2756:
2516:
2969:
2834:
2590:
1551:
1503:
1132:
213:
102:
2541:
939:
leaf, which has high theanine content. Theanine is substantially present in black, green, and white
928:
Theanine is found primarily in plant and fungal species. It was discovered as a constituent of tea (
446:
2890:
2824:
2779:
2697:
2375:
1040:
265:
2501:
853:(also a proteinogenic amino acid). Theanine is a derivative of glutamine that is ethylated on the
2847:
2338:
2205:
2057:
Mason R (April 2001). "200 mg of Zen: L-theanine boosts alpha waves, promotes alert relaxation".
2039:
1926:
1457:
EFSA Panel on
Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies, European Food Safety Authority (2011).
1414:
1013:
764:
133:
2852:
2585:
2521:
2249:
995:
occur both in the intestine and liver, possibly functioning as a donor for glutamate synthesis.
2449:
2431:
2197:
2117:
2111:
2031:
1996:
1961:
1918:
1876:
1838:
1800:
1749:
1698:
1663:
1567:
1519:
1406:
1254:
1231:
Scheid L, Ellinger S, Alteheld B, Herholz H, Ellinger J, Henn T, et al. (December 2012).
1167:
972:
930:
784:
687:
399:
2862:
2804:
2664:
2623:
2555:
2237:
2189:
2066:
2023:
1988:
1953:
1910:
1868:
1830:
1790:
1780:
1739:
1729:
1690:
1655:
1601:
1559:
1511:
1474:
1396:
1244:
1174:
1032:
638:
486:
339:
195:
2659:
359:
2809:
2506:
1128:
1044:
984:
874:
780:
724:
274:
203:
1555:
1507:
473:
450:
2895:
2570:
2511:
1795:
1768:
1744:
1717:
1140:
1992:
1646:
Finger A, Kuhr S, Engelhardt UH (October 1992). "Chromatography of tea constituents".
1459:"Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to L-theanine from
2948:
2903:
2814:
2748:
2565:
2531:
2416:
2343:
2325:
2209:
1694:
1659:
1625:
1362:
1151:
1048:
1036:
1028:
838:
708:
694:
571:
561:
462:
2043:
1418:
2241:
1930:
1606:
1305:
1119:-theanine to beverages. In 2003, the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (
912:
889:
299:
1077:
taste, a consequence potentially associated with binding to and activation of the
1914:
1589:
2789:
2618:
2613:
2595:
2454:
2358:
2320:
1401:
1384:
1085:
618:
InChI=1S/C7H14N2O3/c1-2-9-6(10)4-3-5(8)7(11)12/h5H,2-4,8H2,1H3,(H,9,10)(H,11,12)
62:
2193:
2158:[Inspection Bans Sale of Prime Because of an Unauthorised Ingredient].
1957:
1872:
963:
is the form found in freshly prepared teas and some human dietary supplements.
2560:
2283:
2070:
2027:
1024:
992:
960:
866:
831:
746:
735:
684:
519:
330:
128:
121:
39:
1479:
1458:
2784:
2575:
2280:
1785:
1336:
1208:
1203:
1163:
1144:
980:
976:
850:
803:
772:
716:
701:
34:
2201:
2035:
2000:
1965:
1922:
1880:
1842:
1804:
1753:
1702:
1571:
1523:
1410:
1258:
1019:, though with much lower affinity in comparison. Specifically, it binds to
2156:"InĹĄpekcija prepovedala prodajo pijaÄe Prime zaradi nedovoljene sestavine"
1834:
1734:
1667:
1249:
1232:
17:
2421:
1190:
1136:
1067:
1016:
935:
in 1949, and in 1950 a laboratory in Kyoto successfully isolated it from
792:
310:
54:
47:
1162:
A 2020 review concluded that L-theanine supplementation of 200â400
319:
952:
936:
900:
750:
720:
285:
71:
1769:"Cystine and theanine: amino acids as oral immunomodulative nutrients"
1515:
2637:
1563:
1111:
The German
Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, an agency of their
1082:
1078:
948:
903:
syntheses, in equal proportion), and studies have suggested that the
788:
410:
1008:
Theanine is structurally similar to the excitatory neurotransmitter
727:. It constitutes about 1â2% of the dry weight of green tea leaves.
379:
1089:
1074:
865:-glutamine describes), or alternatively, to the amide formed from
854:
842:
712:
549:
542:
533:
390:
2536:
1389:
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological
Psychiatry
370:
182:
2253:
2173:
Williams JL, Everett JM, D'Cunha NM, et al. (March 2020).
1100:
The regulatory status of theanine varies by country. In Japan,
170:
2647:
940:
653:
650:
647:
2144:(in German). Bundesinstitut fĂźr Risikobewertung. August 2003.
1590:"The chemical constituents of tea: III. A new amide theanine"
841:. Theanine is an analog of this amino acid, and its primary
644:
435:
2308:
983:, the theanine in teas or supplements is absorbed in the
2465:
1308:. PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. 13 May 2023
911:
in some commercial supplement preparations. Amino acid
791:, and may be an ingredient in branded supplements with
877:
group (as the name Îł-L-glutamylethylamide describes).
656:
1767:
Kurihara S, Shibakusa T, Tanaka KA (November 2013).
1716:
Chen X, Ye K, Xu Y, Zhao Y, Zhao D (November 2022).
2871:
2833:
2765:
2725:
2678:
2645:
2636:
2463:
2306:
2297:
1946:
1583:
1581:
641:
570:
560:
531:
518:
485:
480:
461:
429:
409:
389:
369:
349:
329:
309:
284:
264:
227:
212:
202:
194:
160:
155:
139:
127:
113:
101:
89:
84:
2680:
1435:. US Food and Drug Administration. 5 February 2007
2727:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
298:
2873:
2767:
1854:
1852:
1537:
1535:
1533:
273:
2652:Tooltip Glutamine aminohydrolase (glutaminase)
1496:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
1181:assessed they were not supported by evidence.
248:)-2-Ammonio-5-(ethylamino)-5-oxopentanoate or
2265:
2140:[Beverages with isolated L-theanine]
2113:Diet, Brain, Behavior: Practical Implications
955:green tea, increases L-theanine content. The
8:
2835:
802:found there was insufficient evidence for a
53:
2097:Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR)
1722:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
2931:Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators
2642:
2313:Tooltip Excitatory amino acid transporters
2303:
2272:
2258:
2250:
2087:[Drinks with isolated L-Theanine]
753:as a powder. The right-handed enantiomer,
472:
449:
338:
70:
61:
2980:Excitatory amino acid reuptake inhibitors
2059:Alternative & Complementary Therapies
1816:
1814:
1794:
1784:
1743:
1733:
1605:
1544:Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry
1478:
1400:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1248:
873:-glutamic acid at its Îł- (5-) side chain
358:
2935:GABA metabolism and transport modulators
2927:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
2470:Tooltip Vesicular glutamate transporters
1113:Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture
987:after oral ingestion; its hydrolysis to
715:. It was discovered as a constituent of
2093:Bundesinstitut fĂźr Riskobewertung (BfR)
1331:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1220:
1177:. Evaluating these claims in 2011, the
760:, has been comparatively studied less.
734:without a prefix generally implies the
615:
589:
445:
318:
241:
1452:
1450:
1383:Schuster J, Mitchell ES (March 2019).
463:
52:
2507:Amido black 10B (naphthol blue black)
707:and is found primarily in particular
418:
398:
7:
1226:
1224:
880:Relative to theanine, the opposite (
723:leaves in 1950, thus rendering it a
2138:"Getränke mit isoliertem L-Theanin"
2085:"Getränke mit isoliertem L-Theanin"
1622:"How Gyokuro is Processed ď˝ IPPODO"
1051:. In vitro, theanine also binds to
378:
289:
3000:Substances discovered in the 1940s
2685:Tooltip Aspartate aminotransferase
1624:. Ippodo-tea.co.jp. Archived from
1361:. Ippodo-tea.co.jp. Archived from
1121:Bundesinstitut fĂźr Risikobewertung
25:
2162:(in Slovenian). 13 November 2023.
2110:Kanarek RB, Lieberman HR (2011).
1823:Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy
2732:Tooltip Alanine aminotransferase
1135:skills and amplification of the
637:
566:174.20 °C (345.56 °F)
503:
497:
2878:Tooltip Glutamate decarboxylase
2772:Tooltip Glutamate dehydrogenase
2182:Plant Foods for Human Nutrition
1359:"Components of Gyokuroď˝ IPPODO"
1043:of the former two sites, and a
623:Key:DATAGRPVKZEWHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
2955:Drugs not assigned an ATC code
2863:Phosphinothricin (glufosinate)
2242:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.08.071
1607:10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.23.262
1179:European Food Safety Authority
1021:ionotropic glutamate receptors
1012:, and in accordance, binds to
800:European Food Safety Authority
509:
491:
1:
2995:Non-proteinogenic amino acids
2923:Receptor/signaling modulators
2099:] (in German). June 2001.
1993:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00317-4
1683:Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
1339:. Drugs.com. 20 February 2023
1280:"D-theanine | C7H14N2O3"
1170:to treat stress and anxiety.
1115:, objects to the addition of
1090:umami (savory) taste receptor
1035:and, to a lesser extent, the
745:, which is the form found in
2985:Kainate receptor antagonists
2840:Tooltip Glutamine synthetase
2116:. CRC Press. pp. 239â.
1915:10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00036
1695:10.1016/0006-3002(60)90199-2
1660:10.1016/0021-9673(92)85685-M
1433:"GRAS notice for L-theanine"
1070:of glutamine and glutamate.
777:Food and Drug Administration
1402:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.09.005
1058:. In addition, it inhibits
834:, derived from the related
3016:
2194:10.1007/s11130-019-00771-5
1958:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.05.143
1873:10.1016/j.phrs.2011.03.010
1158:Research on supplement use
924:Discovery and distribution
836:proteinogenic L-amino acid
719:in 1949 and isolated from
670:L-gamma-glutamylethylamide
576:215 °C (419 °F)
481:Chemical and physical data
31:
2965:AMPA receptor antagonists
2916:
2566:Glutamic acid (glutamate)
2532:Aspartic acid (aspartate)
2387:-CCG-III ((2S,3S,4R)-CCG)
2344:Glutamic acid (glutamate)
2326:Aspartic acid (aspartate)
2071:10.1089/10762800151125092
2028:10.1007/s00726-014-1713-3
1903:ACS Chemical Neuroscience
1648:Journal of Chromatography
1594:Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi
692:proteinogenic amino acids
606:
580:
232:
69:
60:
2886:3-Mercaptopropionic acid
2395:-Serine-O-sulphate (SOS)
1861:Pharmacological Research
1480:10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2238
1237:The Journal of Nutrition
967:Digestion and metabolism
810:Structure and properties
767:and is considered to be
46:, an archaic synonym of
32:Not to be confused with
2693:2-Amino-3-butenoic acid
2487:6-(4'-Phenylstyryl)-QDC
2371:-3-Hydroxyaspartic acid
1786:10.1186/2193-1801-2-635
2990:NMDA receptor agonists
2858:Methionine sulfoximine
2445:-3-Methylglutamic acid
1066:, and thus blocks the
1064:glutamate transporters
1060:glutamine transporters
899:-enantiomer (and from
857:nitrogen (as the name
763:Theanine is sold as a
1835:10.1300/J157v06n02_02
1735:10.3390/ijms232214169
1250:10.3945/jn.112.166371
1027:range, including the
907:-isomer may actually
2712:-Methylene-aspartate
1199:-Glutamylmethylamide
1073:Theanine may elicit
779:. It is packaged in
664:, commonly known as
598:CCNC(=O)CCC(N)C(O)=O
223:Green Tea ~0.8 hours
2825:Pyridoxal phosphate
2527:Chicago sky blue 6B
2492:6-Biphenyl-4-yl-QDC
1556:2004RCMS...18..251D
1508:2011JSFA...91.1931V
1014:glutamate receptors
804:causal relationship
771:at doses up to 250
592:CCNC(=O)CC(N)C(=O)O
221:Capsule ~1.2 hours
97:-Glutamylethylamide
57:
2848:2-Aminoadipic acid
2717:Hydrazinosuccinate
1981:Toxicology Letters
1045:partial co-agonist
814:The chemical name
765:dietary supplement
134:dietary supplement
2960:Alpha-Amino acids
2942:
2941:
2912:
2911:
2898:
2632:
2631:
2550:
2547:Erythro-4-methyl-
2481:
2402:
2394:
2386:
2378:
2366:
2123:978-1-4398-2156-5
1588:Sakato Y (1949).
1516:10.1002/jsfa.4373
1502:(11): 1931â1939.
1461:Camellia sinensis
1243:(12): 2091â2096.
1168:prescription drug
1118:
1103:
1096:Regulatory status
1033:kainate receptors
990:
973:structural analog
958:
945:Camellia sinensis
931:Camellia sinensis
906:
898:
894:
883:
872:
864:
848:
825:
821:
757:
749:from which it is
742:
704:
697:
680:
631:
630:
551:Interactive image
544:Interactive image
431:CompTox Dashboard
255:
187: Unscheduled
186:
174:
96:
78:
16:(Redirected from
3007:
2896:
2879:
2875:
2841:
2837:
2773:
2769:
2757:Propargylglycine
2751:
2743:
2733:
2729:
2711:
2686:
2682:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2624:Xanthurenic acid
2548:
2517:Benzopurpurin 4B
2479:
2471:
2467:
2400:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2364:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2251:
2245:
2214:
2213:
2179:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2152:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2090:
2081:
2075:
2074:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2022:(6): 1583â1587.
2011:
2005:
2004:
1976:
1970:
1969:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1909:(8): 1724â1734.
1900:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1856:
1847:
1846:
1818:
1809:
1808:
1798:
1788:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1747:
1737:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1654:(1â2): 293â315.
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1618:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1585:
1576:
1575:
1564:10.1002/rcm.1319
1539:
1528:
1527:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1454:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1404:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1333:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1302:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1282:. ChemSpider.com
1276:
1263:
1262:
1252:
1228:
1175:menstrual cramps
1116:
1101:
1039:. It acts as an
988:
956:
904:
896:
892:
881:
870:
862:
846:
823:
819:
781:gelatin capsules
755:
740:
702:
695:
678:
663:
662:
659:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
553:
546:
526:
511:
505:
499:
493:
476:
465:
454:
453:
439:
437:
422:
402:
382:
362:
342:
322:
302:
292:
291:
277:
253:
217:
184:
181:
172:
169:
94:
76:
74:
65:
58:
56:
21:
3015:
3014:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3004:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2908:
2877:
2867:
2839:
2829:
2810:Hexachlorophene
2771:
2761:
2749:
2741:
2731:
2721:
2709:
2684:
2674:
2651:
2628:
2591:Reactive blue 2
2469:
2459:
2312:
2293:
2278:
2248:
2227:
2223:
2221:Further reading
2218:
2217:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2154:
2153:
2149:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2124:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2078:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1715:
1714:
1710:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1631:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1541:
1540:
1531:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1426:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1368:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1321:
1311:
1309:
1304:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1266:
1230:
1229:
1222:
1217:
1187:
1160:
1129:pharmacological
1098:
1006:
1001:
991:-glutamate and
985:small intestine
969:
926:
875:carboxylic acid
812:
775:(mg) by the US
725:natural product
640:
636:
627:
624:
619:
614:
613:
602:
599:
596:
593:
588:
587:
556:
524:
514:
508:
502:
496:
457:
433:
425:
405:
385:
365:
345:
325:
305:
288:
280:
260:
257:
240:
239:
222:
215:
204:Onset of action
196:Pharmacokinetic
190:
151:
116:
104:
80:
51:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3013:
3011:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2947:
2946:
2940:
2939:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2906:
2901:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2880:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2776:
2774:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2746:
2736:
2734:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2714:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2656:
2654:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2571:Kynurenic acid
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2551:-glutamic acid
2544:
2542:Direct blue 71
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2512:Bafilomycin A1
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2474:
2472:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2397:
2389:
2381:
2373:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2301:
2295:
2294:
2279:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2254:
2247:
2246:
2236:(2): 588â594.
2230:Food Chemistry
2224:
2222:
2219:
2216:
2215:
2165:
2147:
2129:
2122:
2102:
2076:
2049:
2006:
1971:
1952:(1): 116â122.
1936:
1886:
1867:(2): 162â168.
1848:
1810:
1759:
1708:
1689:(3): 462â468.
1673:
1638:
1613:
1577:
1550:(3): 251â256.
1529:
1486:
1446:
1424:
1375:
1350:
1319:
1292:
1264:
1219:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1193:
1186:
1183:
1159:
1156:
1097:
1094:
1049:NMDA receptors
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
968:
965:
925:
922:
811:
808:
713:fungal species
668:and sometimes
629:
628:
626:
625:
622:
620:
617:
609:
608:
607:
604:
603:
601:
600:
597:
594:
591:
583:
582:
581:
578:
577:
574:
568:
567:
564:
558:
557:
555:
554:
547:
539:
537:
529:
528:
522:
516:
515:
512:
506:
500:
494:
489:
483:
482:
478:
477:
467:
459:
458:
456:
455:
447:DTXSID80184817
442:
440:
427:
426:
424:
423:
415:
413:
407:
406:
404:
403:
395:
393:
387:
386:
384:
383:
375:
373:
367:
366:
364:
363:
355:
353:
347:
346:
344:
343:
335:
333:
327:
326:
324:
323:
315:
313:
307:
306:
304:
303:
295:
293:
282:
281:
279:
278:
270:
268:
262:
261:
259:
258:
243:
235:
234:
233:
230:
229:
225:
224:
219:
210:
209:
206:
200:
199:
192:
191:
189:
188:
179:
166:
164:
158:
157:
153:
152:
150:
149:
145:
143:
137:
136:
131:
125:
124:
119:
117:administration
111:
110:
107:
99:
98:
91:
87:
86:
82:
81:
75:
67:
66:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3012:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2921:
2915:
2905:
2904:Semicarbazide
2902:
2900:
2899:-Allylglycine
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2820:Palmitoyl-CoA
2818:
2816:
2815:Hydroxylamine
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2770:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2730:
2724:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2650:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2635:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2417:Maslinic acid
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2398:
2396:
2390:
2388:
2382:
2380:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2285:
2282:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2263:
2261:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2176:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2125:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2106:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2086:
2080:
2077:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1975:
1972:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1897:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1855:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1728:(22): 14169.
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1685:(in French).
1684:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1639:
1628:on 2018-04-25
1627:
1623:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1490:
1487:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1376:
1365:on 2015-12-23
1364:
1360:
1354:
1351:
1338:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1307:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1281:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1214:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1037:NMDA receptor
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1003:
998:
996:
994:
986:
982:
978:
974:
966:
964:
962:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
932:
923:
921:
918:
914:
910:
902:
891:
887:
878:
876:
868:
860:
856:
852:
844:
840:
839:glutamic acid
837:
833:
829:
817:
809:
807:
805:
801:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
761:
759:
752:
748:
744:
737:
733:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
699:
693:
689:
686:
682:
676:
671:
667:
661:
635:
621:
616:
612:
605:
595:
590:
586:
579:
575:
573:
572:Boiling point
569:
565:
563:
562:Melting point
559:
552:
548:
545:
541:
540:
538:
535:
530:
523:
521:
517:
490:
488:
484:
479:
475:
471:
468:
466:
464:ECHA InfoCard
460:
452:
448:
444:
443:
441:
432:
428:
421:
420:ChEMBL3039113
417:
416:
414:
412:
408:
401:
397:
396:
394:
392:
388:
381:
377:
376:
374:
372:
368:
361:
357:
356:
354:
352:
348:
341:
337:
336:
334:
332:
328:
321:
317:
316:
314:
312:
308:
301:
297:
296:
294:
287:
283:
276:
272:
271:
269:
267:
263:
251:
247:
242:
238:
231:
226:
220:
218:
211:
207:
205:
201:
197:
193:
180:
178:
168:
167:
165:
163:
159:
154:
147:
146:
144:
142:
138:
135:
132:
130:
126:
123:
120:
118:
112:
108:
106:
100:
92:
88:
85:Clinical data
83:
73:
68:
64:
59:
49:
45:
41:
38:, a distinct
37:
36:
30:
19:
2975:Carboxamides
2919:
2918:
2752:-Cycloserine
2606:
2502:Acid red 114
2478:4-Methylene-
2442:
2436:
2404:
2368:
2331:
2233:
2229:
2188:(1): 12â23.
2185:
2181:
2168:
2159:
2150:
2132:
2112:
2105:
2096:
2092:
2079:
2065:(2): 91â95.
2062:
2058:
2052:
2019:
2015:
2009:
1987:(2): 89â96.
1984:
1980:
1974:
1949:
1945:
1939:
1906:
1902:
1889:
1864:
1860:
1829:(2): 21â30.
1826:
1822:
1776:
1773:SpringerPlus
1772:
1762:
1725:
1721:
1711:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1630:. Retrieved
1626:the original
1616:
1597:
1593:
1547:
1543:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1470:
1467:EFSA Journal
1466:
1460:
1437:. Retrieved
1427:
1392:
1388:
1378:
1367:. Retrieved
1363:the original
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1337:"L-Theanine"
1310:. Retrieved
1306:"L-Theanine"
1284:. Retrieved
1240:
1236:
1196:
1172:
1161:
1149:
1125:
1120:
1110:
1099:
1072:
1007:
999:Pharmacology
970:
944:
929:
927:
916:
913:racemization
908:
890:biosynthetic
885:
879:
858:
827:
815:
813:
797:
762:
754:
739:
731:
729:
674:
673:
669:
665:
633:
632:
249:
245:
214:Elimination
208:about 1 hour
162:Legal status
156:Legal status
43:
33:
29:
2970:Anxiolytics
2790:Chloroquine
2619:Valinomycin
2614:Trypan blue
2596:Rose bengal
2581:NPPB (N144)
2455:WAY-213,613
2359:Kainic acid
2321:Amphetamine
2299:Transporter
2016:Amino Acids
1600:: 262â267.
1473:(6): 2238.
1395:: 263â274.
1139:effects of
1133:psychomotor
1086:heterodimer
909:predominate
787:, and as a
527: g¡mol
470:100.019.436
400:CHEBI:17394
228:Identifiers
90:Other names
2949:Categories
2853:JFD01307SC
2586:Ponceau SS
2561:Furosemide
2556:Evans blue
2522:Bumetamide
2482:-glutamate
2291:modulators
2284:metabolism
1632:2015-05-07
1369:2015-05-07
1286:2015-05-21
1215:References
1164:milligrams
1041:antagonist
1025:micromolar
993:ethylamine
961:enantiomer
867:ethylamine
832:enantiomer
773:milligrams
747:tea leaves
736:enantiomer
705:-glutamine
698:-glutamate
685:amino acid
681:-glutamine
666:L-theanine
532:3D model (
520:Molar mass
360:8021PR16QO
331:ChemSpider
266:CAS Number
256:-glutamine
237:IUPAC name
129:Drug class
103:Dependence
40:amino acid
27:Amino acid
18:L-theanine
2920:See also:
2785:Bithionol
2740:β-Chloro-
2576:Nigericin
2288:transport
2281:Glutamate
2210:208213702
1209:Nootropic
1204:Green tea
1145:hypnotics
1010:glutamate
981:glutamine
977:glutamate
851:glutamine
758:-theanine
751:extracted
743:-theanine
730:The name
717:green tea
275:3081-61-6
216:half-life
115:Routes of
105:liability
79:-Theanine
35:threonine
2744:-alanine
2450:UCPH-101
2437:Theanine
2432:TFB-TBOA
2422:SYM-2081
2407:-2,4-PDC
2202:31758301
2044:17380461
2036:24633359
2001:11325559
1966:15207710
1923:28511005
1881:21477654
1843:17182482
1805:24312747
1754:36430647
1703:13808157
1572:14755608
1524:21735448
1419:52274913
1411:30213684
1259:23096008
1191:Caffeine
1185:See also
1137:sedating
1068:reuptake
1017:in vitro
1004:In vitro
917:Camellia
793:caffeine
732:theanine
688:analogue
683:, is an
634:Theanine
311:DrugBank
141:ATC code
55:Theanine
48:caffeine
2160:Delo.si
1931:3533449
1796:3851524
1779:: 635.
1745:9696345
1668:1494009
1552:Bibcode
1504:Bibcode
1141:alcohol
1053:group I
1047:of the
1023:in the
953:gyokuro
937:gyokuro
901:racemic
861:-ethyl-
818:-ethyl-
785:tablets
721:gyokuro
690:of the
677:-ethyl-
525:174.200
487:Formula
320:DB12444
286:PubChem
252:-Ethyl-
2805:GW5074
2665:CB-839
2638:Enzyme
2466:vGluTs
2208:
2200:
2120:
2042:
2034:
1999:
1964:
1929:
1921:
1879:
1841:
1803:
1793:
1752:
1742:
1701:
1666:
1570:
1522:
1417:
1409:
1343:16 May
1312:16 May
1257:
1056:mGluRs
949:matcha
789:powder
585:SMILES
411:ChEMBL
380:C01047
340:388498
300:439378
175:
44:theine
2660:BPTES
2609:-ACDP
2607:trans
2497:7-CKA
2443:threo
2405:trans
2369:threo
2367:-(-)-
2354:HIP-B
2349:HIP-A
2334:-ACBD
2309:EAATs
2206:S2CID
2178:(PDF)
2142:(PDF)
2095:[
2089:(PDF)
2040:S2CID
1927:S2CID
1899:(PDF)
1439:1 May
1415:S2CID
1197:gamma
1152:Prime
1075:umami
971:As a
943:from
855:amide
843:amide
709:plant
611:InChI
534:JSmol
391:ChEBI
42:, or
2891:AAOA
2795:EGCG
2780:AAOA
2698:AAOA
2601:SITS
2537:DIDS
2427:TBOA
2412:MPDC
2379:-ÎąAA
2339:DHKA
2286:and
2198:PMID
2118:ISBN
2032:PMID
1997:PMID
1962:PMID
1919:PMID
1877:PMID
1839:PMID
1801:PMID
1750:PMID
1699:PMID
1664:PMID
1568:PMID
1520:PMID
1441:2023
1407:PMID
1345:2023
1314:2023
1255:PMID
1143:and
1106:GRAS
1083:T1R3
1079:T1R1
1062:and
1031:and
1029:AMPA
979:and
951:and
941:teas
869:and
798:The
769:safe
711:and
700:and
371:KEGG
351:UNII
198:data
148:none
122:Oral
109:None
2874:GAD
2800:GTP
2768:GDH
2728:ALT
2703:AMB
2681:AST
2670:DON
2648:GAH
2332:cis
2238:doi
2234:125
2190:doi
2067:doi
2024:doi
1989:doi
1985:121
1954:doi
1950:320
1911:doi
1869:doi
1831:doi
1791:PMC
1781:doi
1740:PMC
1730:doi
1691:doi
1656:doi
1652:624
1602:doi
1560:doi
1512:doi
1475:doi
1397:doi
1245:doi
1241:142
1088:or
975:of
884:-,
826:- (
672:or
436:EPA
290:CID
177:OTC
2951::
2933:â˘
2929:â˘
2925:â˘
2836:GS
2710:DL
2708:β-
2232:.
2204:.
2196:.
2186:75
2184:.
2180:.
2091:.
2061:.
2038:.
2030:.
2020:46
2018:.
1995:.
1983:.
1960:.
1948:.
1925:.
1917:.
1905:.
1901:.
1875:.
1865:64
1863:.
1851:^
1837:.
1825:.
1813:^
1799:.
1789:.
1775:.
1771:.
1748:.
1738:.
1726:23
1724:.
1720:.
1697:.
1687:39
1662:.
1650:.
1598:23
1596:.
1592:.
1580:^
1566:.
1558:.
1548:18
1546:.
1532:^
1518:.
1510:.
1500:91
1498:.
1469:.
1465:.
1449:^
1413:.
1405:.
1393:89
1391:.
1387:.
1322:^
1295:^
1267:^
1253:.
1239:.
1235:.
1223:^
1147:.
1092:.
1081:+
886:R-
845:,
830:)
828:S-
795:.
783:,
738:,
654:iË
651:Én
648:iË
501:14
244:(2
183:UN
171:US
93:Îł-
2897:L
2750:L
2742:L
2549:L
2480:L
2403:-
2401:L
2393:L
2385:L
2377:L
2365:L
2273:e
2266:t
2259:v
2244:.
2240::
2212:.
2192::
2126:.
2073:.
2069::
2063:7
2046:.
2026::
2003:.
1991::
1968:.
1956::
1933:.
1913::
1907:8
1883:.
1871::
1845:.
1833::
1827:6
1807:.
1783::
1777:2
1756:.
1732::
1705:.
1693::
1670:.
1658::
1635:.
1610:.
1604::
1574:.
1562::
1554::
1526:.
1514::
1506::
1483:.
1477::
1471:9
1443:.
1421:.
1399::
1372:.
1347:.
1316:.
1289:.
1261:.
1247::
1117:L
1102:L
989:L
959:-
957:L
933:)
905:D
897:D
893:L
882:D
871:L
863:L
859:N
849:-
847:L
824:L
820:L
816:N
756:D
741:L
703:L
696:L
679:L
675:N
660:/
657:n
645:θ
642:Ë
639:/
536:)
513:3
510:O
507:2
504:N
498:H
495:7
492:C
438:)
434:(
254:L
250:N
246:S
185::
173::
95:L
77:L
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
