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deuterated odorant in a deuterated/normal pair, indicating a difference in odor. Furthermore, drosophila trained to avoid one deuterated odorant also avoided other deuterated odorants, chemically unrelated, indicating that the deuterated bond itself had a distinct smell. The authors identified a vibrational frequency that could be responsible and found it close to one found in nitriles. When flies trained to avoid deuterated odorants were exposed to the nitrile and its non-nitrile counterpart, the flies also avoided the nitrile, consistent with the theory that fly olfaction detects molecular vibrations.
476:, Turin et al. raise concerns about Block et al. and Block et al. respond. A recent study describes the responses of primary olfactory neurons in tissue culture to isotopes and finds that a small fraction of the population (<1%) clearly discriminates between isotopes, some even giving an all-or-or -none response to H or D isotopomers of octanal. The authors attribute this to "hypersensitivity" of some receptors to differences in hydrophobicity between normal and deuterated odorants.
485:
a special case of a more general involvement of electron currents in GPCRs. A 2019 preprint argues that the highest-resolution x-ray diffraction structure of rhodopsin, considered the ancestor of all GPCRs, contains the elements of an electronic circuit. He has also reported detection of non-equilibrium electron spins in
Drosophila by their radiofrequency emissions, though this is described as a "work in progress".
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2013:
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Turin filed one of the first patents for a semiconductor device made with protein. Turin's recent work focuses on the relevance of his olfaction theory to more general mechanisms of G-protein coupled receptor activation. In an article in
Inference Review, he proposed that the electronic mechanism was
375:
in double-blind tests. The team chose musks due to the high number of carbon-hydrogen bonds available for deuteration. They replicated the earlier results of
Vosshall and Keller showing that humans cannot reliably distinguish between acetophenone and its deuterated counterpart, with 8 hydrogens, and
359:
fruit flies can distinguish between odorants and their deuterated counterparts. Tests on drosophila differ from human experiments by using an animal subject known to have a good sense of smell and free from psychological biases that may complicate human tests. Drosophila were trained to avoid the
331:
and its deuterated counterpart. The study was accompanied by an editorial, which considered the work of Keller and
Vosshall to be "refutation of a theory that, while provocative, has almost no credence in scientific circles." It continued, "The only reason for the authors to do the study, or for
347:
The vibration theory received possible support from a 2004 paper published in the journal
Organic Biomolecular Chemistry by Takane and Mitchell, which shows that odor descriptions in the olfaction literature correlate more strongly with vibrational frequency than with molecular shape.
1981:
Je leur ai expliqué la situation. J'ai dit que le devoir d'un scientifique était d'établir la vérité et que je m'étais trouvé dans un laboratoire dont le directeur agissait comme un faussaire. On m'a répondu que j'avais cinq jours pour me trouver un autre poste, de préférence hors de
287:
where he was a
Visiting Professor. He is a Stavros Niarchos Researcher in the neurobiology division at the Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming in Greece. In 2021 he moved to the University of Buckingham, UK as Professor of Physiology in the Medical School.
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Block, Eric; Jang, Seogjoo; Matsunami, Hiroaki; Sekharan, Sivakumar; Dethier, Bérénice; Ertem, Mehmed Z; Gundala, Sivaji; Pan, Yi; Li, Shengju; Li, Zhen; Lodge, Stephene N; Ozbil, Mehmet; Jiang, Huihong; Penalba, Sonia F; Batista, Victor S; Zhuang, Hanyi (2015).
439:
writes "In PNAS, Block et al…. shift the "shape vs. vibration" debate from olfactory psychophysics to the biophysics of the ORs themselves. The authors mount a sophisticated multidisciplinary attack on the central tenets of the
1778:
415:, responded similarly to normal, deuterated, and carbon-13 isotopomers of their respective ligands, paralleling results found with the musk receptor OR5AN1. Based on these findings, the authors conclude that the proposed
340:, calling Chandler Burr's book about Turin and his theory "giddy and overwrought." However, tests with animals have shown fish and insects able to distinguish isotopes by smell. Biophysical simulations published in
1123:
Havens, Barry R; Meloan, Clifton E (1995). "The application of deuterated sex pheromone mimics of the american cockroach (Periplaneta americana, L.), to the study of wright's vibrational theory of olfaction".
1898:
Turin, Luca; Sotgiu, Antonello; Gaitanidis, Alexandros (10 July 2019). "Spontaneous
Radiofrequency Emission from Electron Spins within Drosophila: a preliminary report on a novel biological signal".
427:
mechanism of the vibrational frequencies of odorants could be easily suppressed by quantum effects of nonodorant molecular vibrational modes. The authors conclude: "These and other concerns about
224:
diplomat and chief architect of the
Palestinian refugee camps, and his mother, Adela Turin (born Mandelli), is an art historian, designer, and award-winning children's author. Turin studied
268:, Virginia, to pursue rational odorant design based on his theories. In April 2010 he described this role in the past tense, and the company's domain name appears to have been surrendered.
509:
was based on fabricated results. After Turin made a formal request that the CNRS investigate the allegations, he was told to find work outside France; Ropert was also asked to leave.
472:
responds "Embryonic kidney cells are not identical to the cells in the nose .. but if you are looking at receptors, it's the best system in the world." In a Letter to the Editor of
308:
versions of a compound should smell different due to unique vibration frequencies, despite having the same shape. A 2001 study by
Haffenden et al. showed humans able to distinguish
376:
showed that humans only begin to detect the isotope odor of the musks beginning at 14 deuteriums, or 50% deuteration. Because Turin's proposed mechanism is a biological method of
336:
to publish it, is the extraordinary -- and inappropriate -- degree of publicity that the theory has received from uncritical journalists." The journal also published a review of
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516:
in 1992 and became a member of the
National Academy of Sciences in the U.S. and the French Academy of Sciences. Then in 2007, re-analysis of Korn's data by
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50:
30:
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of these compounds in vitro. Furthermore, the mouse (methylthio)methanethiol-recognizing receptor, MOR244-3, as well as other selected human and mouse
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Brookes, Jennifer C; Hartoutsiou, Filio; Horsfield, A. P; Stoneham, A. M (2007). "Could Humans Recognize Odor by Phonon Assisted Tunneling?".
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1995:
1972:
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Haffenden, L.J.W; Yaylayan, V.A; Fortin, J (2001). "Investigation of vibrational theory of olfaction with variously labelled benzaldehydes".
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573:. The column is also published in English on the magazine's website. The column ended in 2014. The collected columns are published as a book
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In 2001 and 2004, Turin won the Prix Jasmin, the highest honor for perfume writing in France. He won the Jasmine Prize in the UK in 2009.
2323:
1385:
Gane, Simon; Georganakis, Dimitris; Maniati, Klio; Vamvakias, Manolis; Ragoussis, Nikitas; Skoulakis, Efthimios M. C; Turin, Luca (2013).
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Takane, Shin-ya; Mitchell, John B. O (2004). "A structure–odour relationship study using EVA descriptors and hierarchical clustering".
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on 20 November 1953 into an Italian-Argentinian family, and raised in France, Italy and Switzerland. His father, Duccio Turin, was a
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542:(2006), which details the history and science of his theory of olfaction; an acclaimed critical guide to perfume in French,
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505:. There, Turin and his colleague Nicole Ropert reported to their superiors that they believed some of Korn's research on
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1126:
Food Flavors: Generation, Analysis and Process Influence, Proceedings of the 8th International Flavor Conference
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at olfactory receptors, together with our extensive experimental data, argue against the plausibility of the
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Keller, Andreas; Vosshall, Leslie B (2004). "A psychophysical test of the vibration theory of olfaction".
380:, which exploits a quantum effect, his theory of olfaction mechanism has been described as an example of
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72:
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1735:"Single-Neuron Comparison of the Olfactory Receptor Response to Deuterated and Nondeuterated Odorants"
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comments that Block used "cells in a dish rather than within whole organisms" and that "expressing an
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1935:
1861:"The retinal conformation and its environment in rhodopsin in light of a new 2.2 A crystal structure"
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Turin, Luca; Skoulakis, Efthimios M. C.; Horsfield, Andrew P.; Gehrckens, Angela S. (26 May 2019).
533:
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and writer with a long-standing interest in bioelectronics, the sense of smell, perfumery, and the
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Turin, Luca; Gane, Simon; Georganakis, Dimitris; Maniati, Klio; Skoulakis, Efthimios M. C (2015).
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and earned his PhD in 1978. He worked at the CNRS from 1982-1992, and served as lecturer in
1157:
Hara, J (1977). "Olfactory discrimination between glycine and deuterated glycine by fish".
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2171:
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1776:, "Semiconductor structure using protein as its active element", issued 1991-12-04
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does not apply to the human musk receptor OR5AN1, mouse thiol receptor MOR244-3, or other
381:
276:
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Block, Eric; Jang, Seogjoo; Matsunami, Hiroaki; Batista, Victor S; Zhuang, Hanyi (2015).
1939:
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Franco, Maria Isabel; Turin, Luca; Mershin, Andreas; Skoulakis, Efthimios M. C (2011).
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The Emperor of Scent: A Story of Perfume, Obsession, and the Last Mystery of the Senses
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546:, with two editions in 1992 and 1994; and is co-author of the English-language books
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examined. Additionally, theoretical analysis by the authors shows that the proposed
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Buss, V.; Entel, P.; Elstner, M.; Bondar, A. N.; Sugihara, M.; Okada, T. (2004).
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Since 2003, Turin has also written a regular column on perfume, "Duftnote," for
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failed to support this prediction, with human subjects unable to distinguish
244:
After leaving the CNRS, Turin first held a visiting research position at the
2415:
2338:
1832:"Gated electron transport in rhodopsin and its relevance to GPCR activation"
1700:
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652:
Perfumes: The A-Z Guide - Paperback (new reviews(~450) and new Top 10 lists)
524:
showed serious anomalies that suggested the results were indeed fabricated.
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in 2007 suggest that Turin's proposal is viable from a physics standpoint.
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Na, Mihwa; Liu, Min Ting; Nguyen, Minh Q.; Ryan, Kevin (16 January 2019).
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2181:
1996:"Fraude Ă l'Institut Pasteur ? Savants au bord de la crise de nerfs"
1973:"Fraude Ă l'Institut Pasteur ? Savants au bord de la crise de nerfs"
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In response to Turin's 2013 paper, involving deuterated and undeuterated
364:
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contains a short biographical note and links to articles by Luca Turin.
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1676:"Reply to Turin et al.: Vibrational theory of olfaction is implausible"
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448:, and theoretical considerations to find no evidence to support the
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expression system and robustly responding to cyclopentadecanone and
363:
Two years later, in 2013, Turin and colleagues published a study in
1844:
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928:
613:
The Secret of Scent: Adventures in Perfume and the Science of Smell
283:. In 2014 he moved to the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the
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453:
280:
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1128:. Developments in Food Science. Vol. 37. pp. 497–524.
473:
396:
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of the musk cyclopentadecanone, Block et al. in a 2015 paper in
372:
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2099:
399:-recognizing receptor, OR5AN1, identified using a heterologous
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using synthetic organic chemistry, heterologous expression of
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from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
15:
1446:"Quantum biology: Do weird physics effects abound in nature?"
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and the 1995 BBC Horizons documentary "A Code in the Nose."
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898:
221:
1387:"Molecular Vibration-Sensing Component in Human Olfaction"
914:
This Web page is parked for FREE, courtesy of GoDaddy.com.
569:, the German-language monthly magazine of Swiss newspaper
2082:
TED Talk video of Turin explaining the "Science of Scent"
1794:"Smells, Spanners, and Switches – Luca Turin – Inference"
1476:"Implausibility of the vibrational theory of olfaction"
1296:
Ball, Philip (2011). "Flies sniff out heavy hydrogen".
464:
doesn't adequately reconstitute the complex nature of
1617:"Plausibility of the vibrational theory of olfaction"
778:"Duccio Turin: Biographical note and personal memoir"
2403:
2347:
2284:
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1924:"Long-held theory is in danger of losing its nerve"
351:In 2011, Turin and colleagues published a paper in
181:
173:
145:
138:
1917:
1915:
554:(2011). He is also the subject of the 2002 book
1680:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1621:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1539:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1480:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1329:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
407:(which has 30 hydrogens), fails to distinguish
747:Perfumes: The A-Z Guide - Paperback (reissued)
256:, where he became a lecturer in biophysics at
2111:
1594:"Receptor Research Reignites A Smelly Debate"
1535:"Laying a controversial smell theory to rest"
874:
872:
671:The Little Book of Perfumes: The 100 classics
236:at University College London from 1992-2000.
8:
493:In 1988, Turin began work at the lab led by
840:
838:
2118:
2104:
2096:
1994:de Pracontal, Michel (27 September 2007).
1971:de Pracontal, Michel (27 September 2007).
1798:Inference: International Review of Science
1321:"Molecular vibration-sensing component in
378:inelastic electron tunnelling spectroscopy
135:
53:about living persons that is unsourced or
2319:Research Institute of Fragrance Materials
1979:(in French). No. 2238. p. 110.
1947:
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728:Perfumes: Parfums Le guide 1994 (english)
315:However, experimental tests published in
124:Learn how and when to remove this message
2002:(in French). No. 2238. p. 108.
1468:
1466:
264:of start-up company Flexitral, based in
2446:Sensient Flavors & Fragrances Group
1380:
1378:
769:
367:showing that humans easily distinguish
2431:International Flavors & Fragrances
298:Turin's vibration theory of olfaction
279:using natural receptors, financed by
275:, working on a project to develop an
7:
2484:
709:Perfumes: The Guide 2018 - Paperback
2304:International Fragrance Association
745:Turin, Luca; Tania Sanchez (2019).
707:Turin, Luca; Tania Sanchez (2018).
669:Turin, Luca; Tania Sanchez (2011).
650:Turin, Luca; Tania Sanchez (2009).
631:Turin, Luca; Tania Sanchez (2008).
851:. New York: Random House. p.
14:
512:Korn was awarded the prestigious
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2483:
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926:Institute of Theoretical Physics
538:Turin is the author of the book
20:
1598:Chemical & Engineering News
633:Perfumes: The Guide - Hardcover
435:." In commenting on this work,
2074:, his blog in January 2006. -
941:"Stavros Niarchos Researchers"
489:Role in the case of Henri Korn
1:
2025:Turin, Luca; Sanchez, Tania.
1232:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.038101
1134:10.1016/S0167-4501(06)80176-7
994:10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00287-9
417:vibration theory of olfaction
312:from its deuterated version.
292:Vibration theory of olfaction
260:. In 2001 Turin was hired as
246:National Institutes of Health
196:(born 20 November 1953) is a
186:Vibration theory of olfaction
2070:Luca Turin stopped updating
1752:10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00416
1412:10.1371/journal.pone.0055780
795:10.1016/0197-3975(78)90029-2
462:human embryonic kidney cells
304:effect: that the normal and
271:In 2010, Turin was based at
31:biography of a living person
2324:Théâtre-Musée des Capucines
1792:Turin, Luca (19 May 2016).
1533:Vosshall, Leslie B (2015).
552:The Little Book of Perfumes
58:must be removed immediately
2558:
1092:"The Emperor's new theory"
1090:Gilbert, Avery N. (2003).
1051:"Testing a radical theory"
899:"Welcome to flexitral.com"
822:artandolfactionawards.com
593:Parfums. Le guide (french)
531:
522:Journal of Neurophysiology
2469:
2063:The official website for
1739:ACS Chemical Neuroscience
258:University College London
230:University College London
2329:The Fragrance Foundation
208:Early life and education
2298:Fragrances of the World
2065:Perfumes: The A-Z Guide
2028:Folio Columns 2003-2014
1922:Butler, Declan (2007).
1701:10.1073/pnas.1508443112
1642:10.1073/pnas.1508035112
1560:10.1073/pnas.1507103112
1501:10.1073/pnas.1503054112
1350:10.1073/pnas.1012293108
1323:Drosophila melanogaster
1202:Physical Review Letters
845:Burr, Chandler (2002).
690:Folio Columns 2003-2014
548:Perfumes: The A-Z Guide
514:Richard Lounsbery Award
342:Physical Review Letters
480:Biological electronics
395:report that the human
296:A major prediction of
252:before moving back to
45:Please help by adding
2537:Italian biophysicists
2041:perfumestheguide.com
2000:Le Nouvel Observateur
1977:Le Nouvel Observateur
1810:10.37282/991819.16.12
782:Habitat International
371:-purified deuterated
2250:Fragrance extraction
1306:10.1038/news.2011.39
888:, MIT, 23 April 2010
880:The science of smell
726:Turin, Luca (2019).
688:Turin, Luca (2015).
610:Turin, Luca (2006).
591:Turin, Luca (1992).
571:Neue ZĂĽrcher Zeitung
556:The Emperor of Scent
338:The Emperor of Scent
51:Contentious material
2380:Johann Maria Farina
2014:NZZ-Folio, Duftnote
1940:2007Natur.449..124B
1877:10.2210/pdb1u19/pdb
1692:2015PNAS..112E3155B
1633:2015PNAS..112E3154T
1551:2015PNAS..112.6525V
1492:2015PNAS..112E2766B
1403:2013PLoSO...855780G
1341:2011PNAS..108.3797F
1224:2007PhRvL..98c8101B
1096:Nature Neuroscience
1055:Nature Neuroscience
1009:Nature Neuroscience
788:(1–2): 3–18. 1978.
540:The Secret of Scent
534:Perfumes: The Guide
446:olfactory receptors
421:olfactory receptors
413:olfactory receptors
334:Nature Neuroscience
317:Nature Neuroscience
2214:Herbal distillates
2048:2016-01-26 at the
1171:10.1007/BF01946534
1109:10.1038/nn0403-335
1068:10.1038/nn0404-315
961:on 7 December 2015
829:2016-02-07 at the
749:. PerfĂĽĂĽmista OĂś.
730:. PerfĂĽĂĽmista OĂś.
711:. PerfĂĽĂĽmista OĂś.
616:. New York: Ecco.
458:olfactory receptor
401:olfactory receptor
369:gas-chromatography
228:and Biophysics at
212:Turin was born in
2507:
2506:
2395:Edmond Roudnitska
1934:(7159): 124–125.
1592:Everts S (2015).
1269:(22): 3250–3255.
1263:Org. Biomol. Chem
862:978-0-375-50797-7
673:. Profile Books.
661:978-0-143-11501-4
642:978-0-670-01865-9
623:978-0-06-113383-1
602:978-2-86665-163-3
577:Awards and honors
544:Parfums: Le Guide
507:neurotransmitters
503:Pasteur Institute
452:of smell." While
429:electron transfer
425:electron transfer
285:University of Ulm
191:
190:
134:
133:
126:
108:
34:needs additional
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2385:Jacques Guerlain
2292:Fragrance Museum
2146:List of perfumes
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1486:(21): E2766–74.
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1061:(4): 315. 2004.
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450:vibration theory
442:vibration theory
433:vibration theory
159:
156:20 November 1953
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115:
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66:
47:reliable sources
24:
23:
16:
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2548:
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2546:
2532:Quantum biology
2512:
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2508:
2503:
2465:
2399:
2375:Michael Edwards
2370:Ernest Daltroff
2343:
2309:Musée du Parfum
2280:
2264:
2245:Fragrance wheel
2228:
2196:
2172:Eau de toilette
2150:
2129:
2124:
2060:
2055:
2050:Wayback Machine
2040:
2036:
2024:
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2019:
2011:
2007:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1970:
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1965:
1949:10.1038/449124b
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1471:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1444:Palmer, Jason.
1443:
1442:
1438:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1335:(9): 3797–802.
1318:
1317:
1313:
1295:
1294:
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1215:physics/0611205
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294:
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67:
65:
44:
25:
21:
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5:
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2219:Animal sources
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2177:Essential oils
2174:
2169:
2167:Eau de Cologne
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2100:
2094:
2093:
2084:
2079:
2076:archived posts
2068:
2059:
2058:External links
2056:
2054:
2053:
2034:
2017:
2005:
1986:
1963:
1911:
1890:
1871:(2): 571–583.
1851:
1845:10.1101/650531
1822:
1784:
1766:
1745:(1): 552–562.
1725:
1666:
1607:
1584:
1545:(21): 6525–6.
1525:
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1374:
1311:
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1192:
1165:(5): 618–619.
1149:
1142:
1115:
1082:
1042:
1021:10.1038/nn1215
1015:(4): 337–338.
999:
982:Food Chemistry
972:
955:"Neuroscience"
946:
932:
918:
890:
878:Nina Sinatra,
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55:poorly sourced
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2072:Perfume Notes
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2018:
2015:
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1982:France !
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1686:(25): E3155.
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1627:(25): E3154.
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1208:(3): 038101.
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1101:
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1053:. Editorial.
1052:
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1038:
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811:
810:"Adela Turin"
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560:Chandler Burr
557:
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518:Jacques Ninio
515:
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158:(age 70)
148:
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117:
106:
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78:
75: –
74:
70:
69:Find sources:
63:
59:
56:
52:
48:
42:
41:
37:
32:
27:
18:
17:
2509:
2389:
2355:Ernest Beaux
2296:
2260:Scentography
2240:Aromachology
2037:
2027:
2020:
2012:nzzfolio.ch
2008:
1999:
1989:
1980:
1976:
1966:
1931:
1927:
1905:1907.04764v1
1893:
1868:
1865:J. Mol. Biol
1864:
1854:
1835:
1825:
1813:. Retrieved
1801:
1797:
1787:
1769:
1742:
1738:
1728:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1624:
1620:
1610:
1604:(18): 29–30.
1601:
1597:
1587:
1542:
1538:
1528:
1483:
1479:
1453:. Retrieved
1449:
1439:
1394:
1390:
1332:
1328:
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1314:
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1256:
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1085:
1058:
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1012:
1008:
1002:
985:
981:
975:
963:. Retrieved
959:the original
949:
935:
921:
913:
906:. Retrieved
902:
893:
883:
847:
818:
804:
785:
781:
772:
746:
727:
708:
689:
670:
651:
632:
612:
592:
585:Bibliography
580:
566:
564:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
537:
528:Publications
511:
495:neuroscience
492:
483:
386:
362:
350:
346:
337:
333:
329:acetophenone
314:
310:benzaldehyde
295:
270:
243:
211:
198:biophysicist
193:
192:
177:biophysicist
120:
111:
101:
94:
87:
80:
73:"Luca Turin"
68:
57:
40:verification
33:
2522:1953 births
2456:T. Hasegawa
2360:Coco Chanel
2269:Professions
2202:Ingredients
1159:Experientia
654:. Penguin.
550:(2008) and
497:researcher
409:isotopomers
389:isotopomers
319:in 2004 by
2516:Categories
2499:Wiktionary
2390:Luca Turin
2314:Osmothèque
2212:including
2087:Luca Turin
2043:Luca Turin
1838:: 650531.
1325:olfaction"
1102:(4): 335.
929:Luca Turin
908:18 October
824:Luca Turin
765:References
635:. Viking.
499:Henri Korn
357:drosophila
306:deuterated
234:Biophysics
226:Physiology
204:industry.
194:Luca Turin
174:Occupation
152:1953-11-20
140:Luca Turin
84:newspapers
2416:Firmenich
2404:Companies
2339:Basenotes
2224:Synthetic
1815:17 August
988:: 67–72.
567:NZZ Folio
466:olfaction
266:Chantilly
202:fragrance
36:citations
2479:Category
2461:Takasago
2441:Robertet
2426:Givaudan
2421:Frutarom
2276:Perfumer
2182:Pomander
2134:Overview
2127:Perfumes
2046:Archived
1958:17851481
1885:15327956
1761:30343564
1720:26045493
1661:26045494
1579:26015552
1520:25901328
1431:23372854
1391:PLOS ONE
1369:21321219
1283:15534702
1240:17358733
1077:15048113
1029:15034588
965:5 August
885:The Tech
827:Archived
470:Vosshall
437:Vosshall
365:PLoS ONE
355:showing
325:Vosshall
114:May 2013
62:libelous
2489:Commons
2451:Symrise
2436:Mane SA
2233:Science
2192:Fougère
2141:History
2091:Twitter
1936:Bibcode
1836:bioRxiv
1711:4485112
1688:Bibcode
1652:4485082
1629:Bibcode
1570:4450429
1547:Bibcode
1511:4450420
1488:Bibcode
1422:3555824
1399:Bibcode
1360:3048096
1337:Bibcode
1248:1519986
1220:Bibcode
1187:5203445
1037:1073550
903:GoDaddy
520:in the
501:at the
405:muscone
302:isotope
300:is the
218:Lebanon
167:Lebanon
98:scholar
2348:People
2334:ISIPCA
2187:Chypre
1956:
1928:Nature
1883:
1780:
1759:
1718:
1708:
1659:
1649:
1577:
1567:
1518:
1508:
1455:23 May
1429:
1419:
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1298:Nature
1281:
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1179:862794
1177:
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468:...",
321:Keller
254:London
240:Career
214:Beirut
163:Beirut
100:
93:
86:
79:
71:
2411:Caron
2255:Note
2155:Types
1900:arXiv
1804:(2).
1244:S2CID
1210:arXiv
1183:S2CID
1033:S2CID
454:Turin
281:DARPA
105:JSTOR
91:books
29:This
1954:PMID
1881:PMID
1817:2019
1757:PMID
1716:PMID
1657:PMID
1575:PMID
1516:PMID
1457:2013
1427:PMID
1365:PMID
1279:PMID
1236:PMID
1175:PMID
1138:ISBN
1073:PMID
1025:PMID
967:2018
910:2018
857:ISBN
751:ISBN
732:ISBN
713:ISBN
694:ISBN
675:ISBN
656:ISBN
637:ISBN
618:ISBN
597:ISBN
474:PNAS
397:musk
393:PNAS
373:musk
353:PNAS
323:and
146:Born
77:news
38:for
2089:on
1944:doi
1932:449
1873:doi
1869:342
1840:doi
1806:doi
1747:doi
1706:PMC
1696:doi
1684:112
1647:PMC
1637:doi
1625:112
1565:PMC
1555:doi
1543:112
1506:PMC
1496:doi
1484:112
1450:BBC
1417:PMC
1407:doi
1355:PMC
1345:doi
1333:108
1302:doi
1271:doi
1228:doi
1167:doi
1130:doi
1104:doi
1063:doi
1017:doi
990:doi
790:doi
558:by
460:in
273:MIT
262:CTO
248:in
2518::
1998:.
1975:.
1952:.
1942:.
1930:.
1926:.
1914:^
1879:.
1867:.
1863:.
1834:.
1800:.
1796:.
1755:.
1743:10
1741:.
1737:.
1714:.
1704:.
1694:.
1682:.
1678:.
1655:.
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