414:. His party argued that under the Xhosa-led ANC, their quality of life in the province would deteriorate and that conditions were improved because Tswana people ruled themselves. Mangope led the party for fifteen years, but was expelled from the party in 2012. He had been accused of being autocratic, but failed to attend his disciplinary hearing, and had his membership terminated. In the runup to the following election,
481:
the argument that donkeys were dangerous and had become a hazard on the roads. Other sources say it was
Mangope himself who nearly collided with a donkey. However, the decision to cull donkeys was more likely due to the drought that was ongoing at the time. Leah eventually died on 23 July 2003. Mangope remarried in May 2007 to Violet Mongale, a senior nurse.
349:
Mangope was accused of using his defence force and police to suppress protests, and had been accused of police brutality when a student protest was suppressed by his police force. Mangope's supporters, however, have argued that
Bophuthatswana was comparatively more successful than other Bantustans in
307:
When the Tswana
Territorial Authority was established in 1961, Mangope became the vice-chairman, working under Chief TR Pilane. He was promoted to the Chief Chancellor of the organisation in 1968. He remained in the position until 1972 when he became the first Chief Minister of Bophuthatswana. He was
480:
Mangope was initially married to a woman named Leah, and they had seven children. Leah survived a car accident involving a donkey in the mid-1980s. Soon after, her husband ordered the mass slaughter of donkeys by police. The killing of the animals continued for seven years. Mangope justified it with
323:
in 1977, when
Bophuthatswana was declared independent by the South African government. On 10 February 1988 he was briefly overthrown by members of a military police unit, led by Rocky Malebane-Metsing of the People's Progressive Party (PPP), who had accused Mangope of corruption and charged that the
376:
in 1993 that led to the first non-racial election in South Africa in 1994, Mangope had made it clear that
Bophuthatswana would remain independent of the new and integrated South Africa and that he would not allow the upcoming election to take place in "his country". With most residents in favour of
440:, saying it would lead to "true freedom and prosperity for our people" if it is "regulated by a strong sense of social responsibility". He lamented the fact that capitalism had failed to make itself more appealing in Africa and failed to defend itself against the attacks of
274:
Mangope attended an
Anglican mission school for most of his school career. He matriculated from St. Peter's College, Rosetenville in Johannesburg in 1946. After matric, he registered for a Junior Teaching Diploma at the Diocesan Teachers' Training College in
308:
also accused of spying for foreign powers, misappropriation of state funds, repossession of land from tribal authorities without adequate compensation and discrepancies in appointments and salaries within the
Bophuthatswana Defence Force.
461:
on 18 January 2018, aged 94. Following his death, officials from the organisation expressed wishes to establish the statue as a tourist attraction since it was the last one standing of the late former president.
334:(a Jewish-American journalist and author) wrote that Mangope was "widely considered a puppet and a joke in South Africa" during his presidency. Mangope was nevertheless given some recognition during visits to
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279:(then called Pietersburg). He studied towards a Higher Primary Teacher’s Diploma at Bethel College in the Transvaal from 1951. After graduating he started teaching and specialised as an
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881:
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A statue of
Mangope was erected outside the Bahurutshe Boo Manyane tribal office in the North West’s Motswedi (his place of birth) to honour him. Mangope died at his home in
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mutinied. Mangope called on outside help, but was eventually forced to flee the homeland, and shortly thereafter, the homelands were reincorporated into South Africa.
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373:
783:
472:
In 2020, it was reported that the infrastructure that the
Mangope administration built worth over R1 billion was abandoned by the current administration.
871:
520:
Lucas
Manyane Mangope, president of the former homeland Bophuthatswana, is born in Motswedi, near Zeerust, Transvaal. SA History. Accessed 26 March.
35:
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259:
251:
328:. South Africa's government stated that it was responding to a request for assistance from the legal government of a sovereign nation.
448:"I believe that free enterprise, at its best, encourages not only individuals, but whole communities and societies to aspire upwards."
419:
901:
704:
593:
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444:. According to Mangope, free enterprise has led to more material prosperity in African nations that have adopted it. He concluded:
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and was awarded in 1959 when one of his classes obtained the best results in Afrikaans among competing schools in South Africa.
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818:
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422:. The party subsequently lost all of its seats including those in the provincial parliament and provincial legislature.
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Motau, K. 2018. Condolences pour in for former Bophuthatswana leader Lucas Mangope. Eyewitness News. Accessed 26 March.
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recent election had been rigged in the government's favour. Mangope was reinstated following intervention by the
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was renamed to honor Molefe Makinta instead; another street named after his wife Leah was also renamed.
247:
142:
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Keller, B. 1994. Homeland Leader in South Africa Flees His Capital. New York Times. Accessed 26 March.
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851:
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Montsho, M. 2018. Lucas Mangope was a visionary leader, mourners told. IOL. Accessed 13 March 2018.
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410:(which contained most of Bophuthatswana), and at its peak it held three seats out of 400 in the
342:. Bophuthatswana had an unofficial "embassy" in Israel in the 1980s despite objections from the
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social and economic development, owing to its mineral wealth. Although designated as an ethnic
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After the transition to nonracial democracy, Mangope remained active in politics, forming the
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The Unspoken Alliance: Israel's Secret Relationship with Apartheid South Africa
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784:"R1 billion worth of infrastructure abandoned or incomplete in North West"
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Mangope statue a star attraction. Sowetan Live. Accessed 13 March 2018.
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418:, many of the party's members, encouraged by Mangope, left to join the
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homeland, Bophuthatswana was more or less an integrated society where
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335:
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South African school a double-edged legacy of apartheid's homelands
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2018. Lucas Manyane Mangope. Motsweding FM. Accessed 13 March 2018.
310:
392:, South Africa’s Foreign Minister at the time, and member of the
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The Donkey Syndrome. Mafikeng Mail. Accessed 13 March 2018.
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legislation did not apply, in common with other homelands.
234:(27 December 1923 – 18 January 2018) was the leader of the
242:. The territory he ruled over was distributed between the
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in June 1980, Mangope professed his belief in capitalist
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Donkey Wars and the Green Revolution. Daily Maverick
346:, which did not recognize the bantustan as a state.
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732:"Mahumapelo conveys condolences for Lucas Mangope"
862:People from Ramotshere Moiloa Local Municipality
832:The American Historical Review Vol. 106, No. 2]
624:Bophuthatswana: A further reply to Setumo Stone
652:Homeland, Apartheid's Child, Is Defying Change
882:United Christian Democratic Party politicians
557:
555:
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8:
254:. He was also the founder and leader of the
406:in 1997. Party support was confined to the
399:removed Mangope from office in March 1994.
283:teacher. He taught at secondary schools in
20:
465:In 2012, a street named after Mangope in
338:, meeting with prominent figures such as
48:6 December 1977 – 13 March 1994
571:
569:
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484:His son Kwena Mangope is currently the
88:1 June 1972 – 6 December 1977
757:"ShowMe: Pretoria's new street names"
509:Homelands. Rulers. Accessed 26 March.
7:
626:– Sipho Mfundisi – politicsweb.co.za
612:– Sipho Mfundisi – politicsweb.zo.za
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16:South African politician (1923–2018)
716:"Free enterprise: Mangope's plug".
763:from the original on 28 March 2019
687:"UCDP expects to do well in polls"
14:
705:United Christian Democratic Party
404:United Christian Democratic Party
258:, a political party based in the
256:United Christian Democratic Party
872:Heads of state of Bophuthatswana
576:Polakow-Suransky, Sasha (2010).
315:Map of South African Bantustans.
214:
77:Chief Minister of Bophuthatswana
830:Jacobs, Nancy J. (April 2001).
210:
394:Transitional Executive Council
93:Chief Councillor of Tswanaland
1:
877:South African anti-communists
104:c 1968 – 1 June 1972
892:South African schoolteachers
867:Presidents of Bophuthatswana
897:South African Tswana people
488:Provincial Chairperson for
326:South African Defence Force
232:Kgosi Lucas Manyane Mangope
122:Kgosi Lucas Manyane Mangope
36:President of Bophuthatswana
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584:. Pantheon Books. p.
368:1994 Bophuthatswana crisis
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610:Bophuthatswana was better
374:Kempton Park negotiations
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902:Leaders ousted by a coup
531:Profile of Lucas Mangope
344:Israeli Foreign Ministry
887:South African Anglicans
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332:Sasha Polakow-Suransky
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459:Motswedi, Lehurutshe
385:After Bophuthatswana
718:S.A. Financial Mail
486:North West Province
467:North West Province
420:Democratic Alliance
408:North West Province
379:homeland's military
377:reintegration, the
252:North West Province
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244:Orange Free State
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246:– what is now
240:Bophuthatswana
238:(homeland) of
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25:Lucas Mangope
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791:. Retrieved
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264:South Africa
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167:South Africa
154:(2018-01-18)
143:South Africa
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66:Succeeded by
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43:
18:
857:2018 deaths
852:1923 births
767:18 November
397:Mac Maharaj
362:1994 crisis
340:Moshe Dayan
293:Krugersdorp
54:Preceded by
846:Categories
496:References
319:He became
260:North West
248:Free State
163:Lehurutshe
128:1923-12-27
788:Citypress
490:Action SA
390:Pik Botha
356:Apartheid
321:President
281:Afrikaans
277:Polokwane
270:Education
236:Bantustan
139:Transvaal
100:In office
84:In office
44:In office
761:Archived
289:Motswedi
285:Mahikeng
159:Motswedi
135:Motswedi
442:Marxism
426:Beliefs
416:in 2014
372:At the
219:
207:
195:
187:
173:Spouses
793:30 May
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476:Family
352:Tswana
336:Israel
303:Career
250:– and
213:
217:)
209:(
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193:)
185:
795:2022
769:2020
703:See
590:ISBN
295:and
215:2007
191:2003
183:Leah
149:Died
118:Born
586:157
262:of
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637:–
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568:^
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211:m.
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126:(
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