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for one day when he took over the government through a military coup. He accused
Mangope of corruption and charged that the recent election had been rigged in the government's favour. A statement by the defence force said "serious and disturbing matters of great concern" had emerged, citing Mangope's
1571:
The territory and borders of the country were fluid as the South
African government frequently incorporated territory into the country. As a result, when independence was declared in 1977, the country originally consisted of six enclaves but just before its reincorporation into South Africa, it had
150:
1213:
Arguing in favour of independence, President
Mangope claimed that the move would enable its population to negotiate with South Africa from a stronger position: "We would rather face the difficulties of administering a fragmented territory, the wrath of the outside world, and accusations of
1752:
Bophuthatswana also issued bearer development bonds. The so-called "Bop Bonds" are not recognized or redeemable in South Africa, and are now worthless as financial instruments. However, bonds in excellent condition are considered collectible. Bonds issued in 1988 and 1989, in R10 and R20
149:
1556:
continued to serve as dormitory townships for the supply of labour (as they had done prior to
Bophuthatswana's independence) despite being located in Bophuthatswana territory. Other enclaves were similarly located near South African cities such as
1368:
resisted the elections taking place in
Bophuthatswana and opposed reincorporation of the territory into South Africa. This resulted in increasing unrest and 40 people were wounded when Bophuthatswana Defence Force troops opened fire on striking
1404:(AWB), which took the opportunity to move in and try to restore the apartheid status quo. Uniformed members of the AWB on an armed incursion to the Mmabatho/Mafikeng area shot at unarmed civilians blocking the road, injuring and killing many.
1250:
While the majority of news reports echoed these official declarations, there were others which opined that
Western critics should "suspend judgment for a time", and despite its generally critical stance on South Africa's policies,
1456:
With the end of apartheid after the first multi-racial elections and the coming into force of the
Interim Constitution of South Africa on 27 April 1994, Bophuthatswana ceased to exist and once again became part of South Africa.
1711:-speaking peoples. In 1983, it had more than 1,430,000 inhabitants; in 1990, it had an estimated population of 2,352,296. Only 10% of Bophuthatswana's total land area was arable, and much of that was covered with scrub bush.
1223:
stated that he "strongly deplored" the establishment of "another so-called independent tribal homeland in pursuance of the discredited policies of apartheid", and in resolution A/RES/32/105N, passed on 14 December 1977, the
1345:
After
Mangope had asked for help from the South African government, he declared a state of emergency and cut telephone links to the territory "for political reasons", claiming that "normal laws had become inadequate".
1824:
of 150 personnel possessed three combat aircraft and two armed helicopters. The president was commander-in-chief and was authorised to deploy the armed forces in both cross-border operations as well as domestically.
1419:, and his two passengers promptly surrendered and were disarmed. After the media were allowed to photograph the badly injured prisoners, they were then executed at point-blank range by a Bophuthatswana policeman,
1820:(BDF) had an estimated number of 4,000 troops, mostly infantry. It was organized into six military regions, and its ground forces included two infantry battalions, possessing two armoured personnel carriers. The
921:
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objected to the embassy's presence, as Israel did not recognize
Bophuthatswana as a country. The Bantustan's president, Lucas Mangope, was nevertheless able to meet with prominent figures such as
1729:, which accounted for two-thirds of the total platinum production in the Western world. It was also rich in asbestos, granite, vanadium, chromium and manganese. Additional revenues came from the
148:
4628:
2484:
1411:(BDF) and the Police and were forced to retreat. One member of the AWB travelling back in a blue Mercedes Benz shot at some people along the road, which was then followed by members of the
5258:
2737:"South Africa Homeland Militaries β Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System"
1084:
On 27 April 1994, it was reintegrated into South Africa with the coming into force of the country's interim constitution. Its territory was distributed between the new provinces of the
1949:
914:
6731:
6031:
2233:
6726:
4290:
1775:, for Tswana people (who were ostensibly citizens of Bophuthatswana), but the signal was also watched by white South Africans seeking a more entertaining alternative to the
1342:
reported that seven people had been killed and 450 wounded "after police officers in armoured cars fired their rifles into the crowds and used tear gas and rubber bullets".
5489:
5209:
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Though the majority of its population was Tswana-speaking, Tswana, English, and
Afrikaans were all designated as official languages by the Constitution of Bophuthatswana.
907:
6634:
6568:
2332:
159:
6641:
2609:
1156:
The territory became nominally independent on 6 December 1977. Bophuthatswana's independence was not recognized by any government other than those of South Africa and
1232:" to South Africa's "stubborn pursuit" of its policies, and called upon all governments to "deny any form of recognition to the so-called 'independent' bantustans".
6716:
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at the time, justified the reinstatement by saying that "he South African Government is opposed in principle to the obtaining or maintaining of power by violence."
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in an effort to sway attitudes; furthermore, Botswana agreed on "informal arrangements" short of official recognition in order to facilitate cross-border travel.
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In 1990, a second coup attempt took place in which an estimated 50,000 protesters demanded the President's resignation over his handling of the economy.
5094:
1576:, which was located just outside the borders of Bophuthatswana when it gained independence in 1977, into the country in 1980 after a local referendum.
6485:
6346:
6269:
5559:
1983:
Constitution of the Republic of Bophuthatswana, chapter 1, section 5 "Tswana, English and Afrikaans shall be the official languages of Bophuthatswana"
6627:
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1939:
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The General Assembly denounces the declaration of the so-called "independence" ... of Bophuthatswana ... and declares totally invalid.
1178:
t last we are no longer helplessly at the mercy of the arbitrary arrogance of those who until this hour trampled our human dignity into the dust.
76:
6506:
6471:
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5057:
1160:, the first homeland to gain nominal independence. In addition, it was later internally recognized by the two additional countries within the
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2177:
2004:
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magazine wrote that Bophuthatswana had "considerable economic potential" with an expected $ 30 million a year coming from mining revenues.
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5905:
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2010:
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1400:, to immediately assist in keeping the peace. The Afrikaners were hastily rallied and mobilised, including the white supremacist group
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6401:
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4276:
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2414:
1034:(also known as "Homeland", an area set aside for members of a specific ethnicity) that was declared (nominally) independent by the
2120:
6206:
6045:
5230:
5144:
5087:
2455:"Chief Lucas Mangope is deposed as leader of Bophuthatswana. Dr. Tjaart van der Walt is appointed as the territory's new adminis"
1275:
Bophuthatswana maintained an unofficial embassy in Israel during the 1980s, located next to the British embassy in Tel Aviv. The
1217:
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1133:-speaking people in 1961 and administered by the Tswana Territorial Authority. It was given nominal self-rule in 1971, and
6339:
6325:
6248:
6129:
6087:
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1480:. The capital, Mmabatho, was merged with Mafikeng and the combined city is now the capital of the North-West province.
6540:
6443:
6318:
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5432:
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1322:
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218:
134:
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1790:, also known as BRS or BOP, was constructed in 1991 as an effort to raise the international profile of South Africa.
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issued by the authorities of ... Bophuthatswana for the purpose of admitting visitors to the United Kingdom".
1509:
Bophuthatswana had a surface area of approximately 40,000 km (15,000 sq mi) and consisted of seven
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With the dissolution of Bophuthatswana in 1994, the BDF and the Bophuthatswana Police were incorporated into the
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Bophuthatswana was the only Bantustan to produce its own coins. Two coins were minted as a proof set only; the
1821:
1803:
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4937:
1392:
With unrest growing and rumors of ANC supporters massing at Bophuthatswana's borders, Mangope invited General
4116:
2036:"Census > 1991 > Bophuthatswana > Variable Description > ... > Household Number-District"
6711:
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1934:
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1423:. These killings effectively spelt the end of white right-wing military opposition to democratic reforms.
1303:
750:
658:
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Despite its official isolation, however, the government in Mmabatho managed to set up a trade mission in
19:
This article is about the nominally-independent bantustan. For the neighbouring independent country, see
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ill-informed people. It's the price we are prepared to pay for being masters of our own destiny."
5020:
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1994:
1148:
became the first president after his Bophuthatswana Democratic Party won a majority of seats.
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817:
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2182:
2153:
1959:
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1061:. Its territory constituted a scattered patchwork of enclaves spread across what was then
1011:
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780:
774:
567:
198:
117:
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and another three in Transvaal. The seventh enclave was in the Orange Free State between
1243:
replied in the negative when asked "whether Her Majesty's Government intend to recognise
2410:
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had 6,002 police officers, operating from 56 police stations throughout the territory.
1691:
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1465:
1364:
In the beginning of 1994 with South Africa heading for democratic elections, President
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1370:
1365:
1290:, the Democratic Party won all 72 elected seats. It also won a large majority in the
1220:
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725:
237:
4606:
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2203:
6164:
5773:
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2514:
1954:
1734:
1530:
1325:
invaded Bophuthatswana and Mangope was reinstated and continued his term unabated.
1057:
Bophuthatswana was the second Bantustan to be declared an independent state, after
1039:
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463:
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4268:
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2307:
The Unspoken Alliance: Israel's Secret Relationship with Apartheid South Africa
1548:
and its surrounding industrial areas. The townships in these enclaves, such as
1525:. Six of the enclaves were located relatively close together with three in the
6332:
5870:
4999:
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1911:
1665:
1642:
1558:
1549:
1477:
1240:
1093:
1054:, its independence was not recognized by any country other than South Africa.
805:
6687:
6674:
2852:
2827:"Acknowledging Mangope's leadership attributes is no yearning for Bantustans"
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5135:
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5101:
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1125:
1113:
1035:
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208:
173:
2485:"The TEC decides on Bophuthatswana's incorporation following major unrest"
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872:
2439:. Truth and Reconciliation Commission. 5 August 1999. Archived from
2317:, Sasha Polakow-Suransky, Pantheon Books, New York, 2010, page 157.
4860:
4524:
3565:
3560:
2962:
1807:
1630:
1488:
1169:
1123:
The area comprising former native reserves was set up as the only
1051:
866:
2204:
Resolution A/RES/32/105 N, General Assembly of the United Nations
1979:
1977:
1975:
1753:
denominations, currently trade at 10β25% of original face value.
1389:, closing down two television stations and three radio stations.
122:"If we stand together and work hard we will be blessed with rain"
1776:
4610:
4272:
3124:
2877:
1584:
Districts of Bophuthatswana and their population in 1991 were:
2781:'Policing Agencies: 1994, Prior to Amalgamation: South Africa'
164:
Location of Bophuthatswana (red) within South Africa (yellow).
1869:
List of notable former residents of Bophuthatswana includes:
976:
955:
1722:
Bophuthatswana was the richest of the TBVC-states as it had
2038:. Statistics South Africa β Nesstar WebView. Archived from
1767:
Bophuthatswana ran a now-defunct television station called
1442:, was then appointed as the territory's new administrator.
982:
961:
949:
2437:"Amnesty granted for killing of three AWB members in 1994"
1500:
Map of Bophuthatswana showing districts and border changes
1572:
seven enclaves. Another example was the incorporation of
1373:. Mangope took an increasingly hardline stance, rejected
1950:
List of historical unrecognized states and dependencies
1897:, former vice chancellor of the University of Cape Town
2411:"Amnesty Application β Ontlametse Bernstein Menyatsoe"
1996:
South Africa's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook
1749:
government, as it was throughout all of South Africa.
1513:
dispersed over the former South African provinces of
979:
973:
970:
943:
177:(de facto; independence internationally unrecognised)
2285:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. pp. 6, 15.
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Human Rights Watch World Report 1990 β South Africa
1771:. Bop TV was also available in some townships like
1661:Major cities and towns in Bophuthatswana included:
1306:of the People's Progressive Party (PPP) became the
967:
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30:
2065:. Jonathan Ball, Jhb & Cape Town. p. 34.
1568:, was situated in the enclave bordering Botswana.
2685:"South African whites clamor to tune in black TV"
2283:Botswana's search for autonomy in southern Africa
1993:Sally Frankental; Owen Sichone (1 January 2005).
1311:close association with a multimillionaire Soviet
2586:. Info.gov.za. 18 September 2012. Archived from
2254:Kilpatrick, James. "Give new nations a chance".
1268:, and conducted some business with neighbouring
1228:linked Bophuthatswana's "so-called 'independence
5410:Storming of the Kempton Park World Trade Centre
2271:. The British Academic Press. London:1992. p161
1460:The majority of the country became part of the
1407:They themselves were shot at by members of the
1194:
1175:
1042:in 1977. However, like the other Bantustans of
49:
2790:. Website of the South African Police Service.
2762:Constitution of the Republic of Bophuthatswana
2330:South Africa Quells Coup Attempt in a Homeland
1903:, businesswoman and first lady of South Africa
1544:, while two of the enclaves were located near
1476:exclave north-east of Pretoria became part of
508:Constitution of the Republic of Bophuthatswana
6732:States and territories disestablished in 1994
4622:
4284:
2889:
1452:Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa
1385:in the territory, and fired the staff of the
915:
8:
132:
107:
35:
991:
344:β’ Insurrection / coup d'Γ©tat
6727:States and territories established in 1977
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2138:
2030:
2028:
1436:South African Ambassador to Bophuthatswana
922:
908:
560:
158:
27:
16:Former bantustan in South Africa (1977β94)
2857:The Presidency (Republic of South Africa)
2396:"40 wounded as Mangope's men open fire".
2213:, 102nd plenary meeting, 14 December 1977
1540:One of the enclaves shared a border with
1426:On 12 March 1994, Mangope was deposed as
1350:put the number of protesters at 150,000.
5483:Reconstruction and Development Programme
2771:as amended in 1984, Chapter 3, 20.(2)(a)
2683:Van Slambrouck, Paul (3 February 1984).
2325:
2323:
1940:List of heads of state of Bophuthatswana
1495:
1487:
1430:by the South African government and the
5095:1946 African Mine Workers' Union strike
2413:. Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
1971:
1387:Bophuthatswana Broadcasting Corporation
1152:Independence and international reaction
563:
488:
378:
375:44,109 km (17,031 sq mi)
370:
365:
264:
190:
6717:1994 disestablishments in South Africa
5560:2012 Western Cape farm workers' strike
2640:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2633:
1891:, former chief justice of South Africa
1816:Towards the end of its existence, the
1239:on 6 December 1977, Foreign Secretary
2417:from the original on 14 February 2007
2199:
2197:
2013:from the original on 12 December 2013
1415:opening fire at the car. The driver,
1235:During a parliamentary debate in the
397:
387:
383:
351:
341:
331:
321:
311:
301:
297:
254:
230:
226:
216:
7:
3508:(1987β94) (Head of Military Council)
2521:from the original on 20 October 2013
2515:"Mafikeng / Mmabatho (South Africa)"
1837:South African National Defence Force
6722:1977 establishments in South Africa
5490:Truth and Reconciliation Commission
5152:Coloured-vote constitutional crisis
2657:"South Africa Whites Seek Black TV"
2573:, as revised in 1984, Chapter 1, 5.
1026:), and colloquially referred to as
2743:from the original on 2 August 2009
2186:. 19 December 1977. Archived from
1828:During its last days in 1994, the
1733:casino, which was a day trip from
14:
6642:Pan Africanist Congress of Azania
6277:South African Party (Cape Colony)
3346:No central government established
3216:No central government established
2801:"Motsepe neglecting home village"
2236:from the original on 13 July 2009
2097:from the original on 23 July 2018
1707:The homeland was set up to house
6654:
6653:
4216:
4161:
4098:
4059:
3988:
3933:
3859:
3780:
3725:
3627:
3564:
3525:
3443:
3404:
3357:
3336:
3297:
3227:
3206:
3136:
2905:
2355:Turmoil Spreads to 2d 'Homeland'
2123:from the original on 7 June 2011
1914:
1861:remained the official currency.
1788:Bophuthatswana Recording Studios
1375:Independent Electoral Commission
1218:United Nations Secretary-General
939:
891:
582:
468:
443:
145:
87:
75:
6291:South African Party (1977β1980)
6284:South African Party (1911β1934)
6200:Progressive Party (Cape Colony)
5997:Genootskap van Regte Afrikaners
4299:Other South African governments
3744:Hudson William Edison Ntsanwisi
2461:. 12 March 2012. Archived from
2229:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
2119:. Africanelections.tripod.com.
1945:Postal orders of Bophuthatswana
1331:State President of South Africa
1226:United Nations General Assembly
1206:United Nations General Assembly
510:as amended in 1984, Schedule 1.
261:President and National Assembly
109:Tshwaraganang Lo Dire Pula E Ne
5609:2019 service delivery protests
5595:#FeesMustFall student protests
5340:1983 constitutional referendum
2655:Cowell, Alan (1 August 1984).
2564:Constitution of Bophuthatswana
2554:. Retrieved on 19 August 2008.
2491:. 9 March 2012. Archived from
2224:"Hasgard HC Deb vol 940 c621W"
1432:Transitional Executive Council
1421:Ontlametse Bernstein Menyatsoe
1137:were held the following year.
1001:gathering of the Tswana people
1:
6067:Johannesburg Reform Committee
4705:
4690:
4667:
4660:
4377:
4364:
4351:
4344:
2690:The Christian Science Monitor
2178:"The Birth of BophuthaTswana"
1073:. Its seat of government was
646:
5722:Black Consciousness Movement
5476:Government of National Unity
2489:South African History Online
2459:South African History Online
2156:South African history online
2091:South African History Online
1882:, businessman, president of
1841:South African Police Service
1818:Bophuthatswana Defence Force
1800:Bophuthatswana Defence Force
1468:district became part of the
1409:Bophuthatswana Defence Force
1402:Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
1024:Republiek van Bophuthatswana
1016:Repaboleki ya Bophuthatswana
549:With or without citizenship.
314:β’ Nominal Independence
144:This Land of our Forefathers
51:Republiek van Bophuthatswana
37:Repaboleki ya Bophuthatswana
5433:Saint James Church massacre
5319:Weapons of mass destruction
2552:Central Intelligence Agency
2117:"Elections in South Africa"
1428:President of Bophuthatswana
1323:South African Defence Force
1308:president of Bophuthatswana
1077:, which is now a suburb of
274:24 regional representatives
135:Lefatshe leno la bo-rrarona
6763:
5189:1957 Alexandra bus boycott
5067:South West Africa campaign
4966:Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814
4931:French Huguenot settlement
3470:Zwelibanzi Maneli Mabandla
3423:Johannes "Hans" Diergaardt
3273:Pieter van Rensburg Goosen
3126:Leaders and Administrators
2387:, published 1 January 1991
1850:
1797:
1760:
1449:
1360:1994 Bophuthatswana crisis
1357:
1107:
1008:Republic of Bophuthatswana
32:Republic of Bophuthatswana
18:
6651:
6628:African National Congress
6088:Liberal Party (1953β1968)
5426:1992 apartheid referendum
4593:
4304:
4188:Cornelius Tuhafeni Ndjoba
3120:
2929:
2063:South African Place Names
1999:. ABC-CLIO. p. 187.
1396:, head of the right-wing
1283:during visits to Israel.
665:Republic of Graaff-Reinet
484:
422:
408:
384:
362:
298:
277:12 non-voting specialists
243:
227:
157:
127:
101:
71:
66:
6081:Labour Party (1969β1994)
6074:Labour Party (1910β1958)
5630:2020 Phala Phala Robbery
5588:#RhodesMustFall protests
5203:1960 republic referendum
4579:Republic of South Africa
4561:Cape Qualified Franchise
4180:Fillemon Elifas Shuumbwa
4141:Mogoboya Nelson Ramodike
3760:Samuel Dickenson Nxumalo
2360:29 November 2017 at the
1822:Bophuthatswana Air Force
1804:Bophuthatswana Air Force
1277:Israeli Foreign Ministry
879:Republic of South Africa
267:β’ National Assembly
6526:terrorist organisations
5616:2019 Johannesburg riots
5245:Constructive engagement
5210:International isolation
5028:Witwatersrand Gold Rush
4117:Mokgama Maurice Matlala
2712:"The BOP Studios Story"
2541:1990 CIA World Factbook
2313:8 February 2016 at the
1935:Coins of Bophuthatswana
1853:Coins of Bophuthatswana
1383:free political activity
1110:History of South Africa
898:South Africa portal
304:β’ Self-government
192:Official languages
5539:Attack on Kennedy Road
5166:Congress of the People
4757:South African Republic
4567:South African Republic
4023:George Majozi Mahlangu
3654:Richard Muhinda Mamili
3277:Bongani Blessing Finca
3163:Rocky Malebane-Metsing
2281:Dale, Richard (1995).
1813:
1745:was illegal under the
1501:
1493:
1492:Bophuthatswana in 1977
1304:Rocky Malebane-Metsing
1298:Series of coups d'Γ©tat
1200:
1181:
1023:
1015:
751:South African Republic
659:Republic of Swellendam
498:at Flags of the World.
133:
108:
50:
36:
6737:Enclaves and exclaves
6109:Natal Indian Congress
5829:Afrikaner Broederbond
5683:Afrikaner nationalism
5469:1994 general election
5440:Bophuthatswana crisis
5333:Church Street bombing
5129:Apartheid legislation
5122:1948 general election
5042:South Africa Act 1909
4837:Union of South Africa
4657:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
4637:Political history of
4573:Union of South Africa
4341:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
4243:Tsiame Kenneth Mopeli
4125:Cedric Namedi Phatudi
2546:27 April 2011 at the
2335:26 April 2016 at the
2061:Raper, P. E. (2004).
1830:Bophuthatswana Police
1811:
1761:Further information:
1499:
1491:
1413:Bophuthatswana Police
1302:On 10 February 1988,
849:Union of South Africa
599:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
5743:Greater South Africa
5581:2014 platinum strike
5447:Shell House massacre
5375:Transkei coup d'Γ©tat
5196:Sharpeville massacre
4959:Battle of Blaauwberg
4952:Battle of Muizenberg
4904:Battle of Salt River
4687:Mthethwa Paramountcy
4361:Mthethwa Paramountcy
4078:Mangosuthu Buthelezi
3886:Mangisi Cephas Zitha
3544:Constance Kgosiemang
2941:Nominal independence
2767:21 July 2010 at the
2569:21 July 2010 at the
2383:26 July 2018 at the
2209:28 June 2017 at the
2190:on 15 December 2008.
2152:23 June 2009 at the
1580:Districts and cities
1464:province, while the
1398:Afrikaner Volksfront
643:Mthethwa Paramountcy
334:β’ Coup attempt
6688:25.8000Β°S 25.5500Β°E
6684: /
6635:Democratic Alliance
5812:Civic and political
5676:Afrikaner Calvinism
5669:African nationalism
5518:African Renaissance
5224:UNSC Resolution 591
5145:Internal resistance
5046:National Convention
5014:Transvaal Civil War
4938:KhoikhoiβDutch Wars
4821:Orange River Colony
4417:Orange River Colony
4031:Jonas Masana Mabena
3607:Tshamano Ramabulana
3182:Tjaart van der Walt
2853:"Dr Tshepo Motsepe"
2786:5 June 2009 at the
2590:on 5 September 2012
2232:. 6 December 1977.
1922:South Africa portal
1440:Tjaart van der Walt
1316:Shabtai Kalmanovich
1098:North West Province
763:Republic of Utrecht
354:β’ Dissolution
324:β’ Coup d'Γ©tat
5382:Ciskei coup d'Γ©tat
5217:UN Resolution 1761
5182:Women's March 1956
5035:South African Wars
5021:Mineral Revolution
4597:Current government
3968:Sebastian Kamwanga
3881:(1970β81, 1984β91)
3823:Thimoteus Tjamuaha
3697:I.J. van der Merwe
3673:Josiah Moraliswane
3646:Josiah Moraliswane
3599:Gabriel Ramushwana
3050:No self-governance
2807:. 24 February 2013
2662:The New York Times
2622:on 5 November 2012
2584:"Page redirection"
2366:The New York Times
2345:, 11 February 1988
2342:The New York Times
1895:Mamokgethi Phakeng
1859:South African Rand
1814:
1561:and Bloemfontein.
1502:
1494:
1348:Human Rights Watch
1339:The New York Times
1321:Subsequently, the
1297:
1006:), officially the
769:Lydenburg Republic
417:South African rand
6693:-25.8000; 25.5500
6667:
6666:
6620:political parties
6613:
6612:
6590:Orde van die Dood
6207:Progressive Party
5913:Congress Alliance
5729:Cape Independence
5661:Political culture
5656:
5655:
5623:COVID-19 pandemic
5553:Marikana massacre
5389:Venda coup d'Γ©tat
5159:Defiance Campaign
4749:Orange Free State
4679:Dutch Cape Colony
4604:
4603:
4588:
4587:
4441:Orange Free State
4399:Dutch Cape Colony
4266:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4257:
4254:
4253:
4207:
4206:
4152:
4151:
4089:
4088:
4050:
4049:
3979:
3978:
3960:Alfons Shashipapo
3924:
3923:
3850:
3849:
3771:
3770:
3716:
3715:
3618:
3617:
3555:
3554:
3516:
3515:
3434:
3433:
3395:
3394:
3327:
3326:
3288:
3287:
3197:
3196:
3116:
3115:
3017:South West Africa
3012:
3011:
2923:South West Africa
2833:. 5 February 2024
2443:on 10 March 2007.
2269:Israel and Africa
2093:. 17 April 2011.
2006:978-1-57607-674-3
1523:Orange Free State
1208:
1198:
1189:
1179:
1067:Orange Free State
932:
931:
787:Diggers' Republic
757:Orange Free State
690:Dutch Cape Colony
624:Dutch Cape Colony
605:Kingdom of Mutapa
559:
558:
480:
479:
476:
475:
456:
455:
257:β’ Parliament
233:β’ 1977β1994
151:
6754:
6742:Former republics
6699:
6698:
6696:
6695:
6694:
6689:
6685:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6677:
6657:
6656:
6644:
6637:
6630:
6606:
6599:
6592:
6585:
6578:
6571:
6564:
6557:
6550:
6543:
6536:
6524:Paramilitary and
6516:
6514:Umkosi Wezintaba
6509:
6502:
6495:
6488:
6481:
6474:
6467:
6460:
6453:
6446:
6439:
6432:
6425:
6418:
6411:
6404:
6397:
6390:
6383:
6376:
6369:
6359:social movements
6357:Trade unions and
6349:
6342:
6335:
6328:
6321:
6314:
6307:
6300:
6293:
6286:
6279:
6272:
6265:
6258:
6251:
6244:
6237:
6230:
6223:
6216:
6209:
6202:
6195:
6188:
6181:
6174:
6167:
6160:
6153:
6146:
6139:
6132:
6125:
6118:
6111:
6104:
6097:
6090:
6083:
6076:
6069:
6062:
6055:
6048:
6041:
6034:
6027:
6020:
6013:
6006:
5999:
5992:
5985:
5978:
5971:
5964:
5957:
5950:
5943:
5936:
5929:
5922:
5915:
5908:
5901:
5894:
5887:
5880:
5878:Boerestaat Party
5873:
5866:
5859:
5852:
5845:
5838:
5831:
5824:
5809:
5795:
5786:
5777:
5768:
5761:
5752:
5745:
5738:
5731:
5724:
5717:
5708:
5699:
5692:
5685:
5678:
5671:
5649:
5639:
5632:
5625:
5618:
5611:
5604:
5597:
5590:
5583:
5576:
5569:
5562:
5555:
5548:
5541:
5534:
5527:
5520:
5513:
5506:
5499:
5492:
5485:
5478:
5471:
5449:
5442:
5435:
5428:
5421:
5412:
5405:
5398:
5391:
5384:
5377:
5370:
5368:Dakar Conference
5363:
5356:
5349:
5342:
5335:
5328:
5321:
5314:
5307:
5300:
5293:
5286:
5275:
5268:
5261:
5259:Sporting boycott
5254:
5247:
5240:
5233:
5231:Academic boycott
5226:
5219:
5212:
5205:
5198:
5191:
5184:
5175:
5168:
5161:
5154:
5147:
5138:
5131:
5124:
5104:
5097:
5090:
5088:Great Depression
5083:
5076:
5074:Maritz rebellion
5069:
5049:
5037:
5030:
5023:
5016:
5009:
5002:
4995:
4988:
4968:
4961:
4954:
4947:
4940:
4933:
4926:
4924:Dutch settlement
4906:
4899:
4897:Bantu migrations
4884:
4872:
4864:
4856:
4848:
4840:
4832:
4829:Transvaal Colony
4824:
4816:
4808:
4800:
4797:Nieuwe Republiek
4792:
4784:
4776:
4768:
4760:
4752:
4744:
4736:
4733:Natalia Republic
4728:
4720:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4702:Ndwandwe Kingdom
4697:
4695:
4692:
4682:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4665:
4662:
4631:
4624:
4617:
4608:
4471:Nieuwe Republiek
4435:Natalia Republic
4423:Transvaal Colony
4382:
4379:
4374:Ndwandwe Kingdom
4369:
4366:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4307:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4270:
4247:
4239:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4200:
4192:
4184:
4170:
4166:
4165:
4145:
4137:
4129:
4121:
4107:
4103:
4102:
4082:
4068:
4064:
4063:
4043:
4035:
4027:
4019:
4011:
3997:
3993:
3992:
3972:
3964:
3956:
3952:Linus Shashipapo
3942:
3938:
3937:
3917:
3913:Enos John Mabuza
3909:
3890:
3882:
3878:Enos John Mabuza
3868:
3864:
3863:
3843:
3835:
3831:Erastus Tjejamba
3827:
3819:
3811:
3803:
3789:
3785:
3784:
3764:
3756:
3748:
3734:
3730:
3729:
3709:
3701:
3693:
3685:
3677:
3658:
3650:
3636:
3632:
3631:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3548:
3534:
3530:
3529:
3509:
3490:
3482:
3478:Kaiser Matanzima
3474:
3466:
3452:
3448:
3447:
3427:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3388:
3380:
3376:Cornelius Cloete
3366:
3362:
3361:
3341:
3340:
3320:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3281:
3258:
3250:
3236:
3232:
3231:
3211:
3210:
3190:
3167:
3159:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3122:
3021:
2938:
2931:
2910:
2909:
2898:
2891:
2884:
2875:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2797:
2791:
2778:
2772:
2759:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2716:soundonsound.com
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2639:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2615:. Archived from
2614:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2580:
2574:
2561:
2555:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2500:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2422:
2407:
2401:
2400:. 10 March 1994.
2394:
2388:
2375:
2369:
2352:
2346:
2327:
2318:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2278:
2272:
2265:
2259:
2258:, 5 January 1978
2256:Prescott Courier
2252:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2220:
2214:
2201:
2192:
2191:
2174:
2157:
2144:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2047:
2032:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1843:, respectively.
1394:Constand Viljoen
1245:travel documents
1231:
1209:
1203:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
989:
988:
985:
984:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
945:
924:
917:
910:
896:
895:
894:
732:Natalia Republic
702:Waterboer's Land
648:
586:
573:
561:
550:
547:
541:
538:
532:
529:
523:
517:
511:
505:
499:
493:
472:
471:
460:
459:
447:
446:
440:
439:
424:
423:
162:
153:
152:
141:
138:
123:
115:
111:
91:
79:
61:
53:
47:
39:
28:
6762:
6761:
6757:
6756:
6755:
6753:
6752:
6751:
6747:Former enclaves
6702:
6701:
6692:
6690:
6686:
6683:
6678:
6675:
6673:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6663:
6647:
6640:
6633:
6626:
6619:
6609:
6602:
6595:
6588:
6581:
6574:
6567:
6560:
6553:
6546:
6539:
6532:
6525:
6519:
6512:
6505:
6498:
6491:
6484:
6477:
6470:
6463:
6456:
6449:
6442:
6435:
6428:
6421:
6414:
6407:
6400:
6393:
6386:
6379:
6372:
6365:
6358:
6352:
6345:
6338:
6331:
6324:
6317:
6310:
6303:
6296:
6289:
6282:
6275:
6268:
6261:
6254:
6247:
6240:
6233:
6226:
6219:
6212:
6205:
6198:
6191:
6184:
6177:
6170:
6163:
6156:
6149:
6142:
6135:
6128:
6121:
6114:
6107:
6100:
6093:
6086:
6079:
6072:
6065:
6058:
6051:
6044:
6037:
6030:
6025:HNP (Herstigte)
6023:
6018:HNP (Herenigde)
6016:
6009:
6002:
5995:
5988:
5981:
5974:
5967:
5960:
5953:
5946:
5939:
5932:
5925:
5918:
5911:
5904:
5897:
5890:
5883:
5876:
5869:
5862:
5855:
5848:
5841:
5836:Afrikaner Party
5834:
5827:
5820:
5813:
5804:
5798:
5789:
5780:
5771:
5764:
5755:
5750:Honorary whites
5748:
5741:
5734:
5727:
5720:
5711:
5702:
5695:
5688:
5681:
5674:
5667:
5652:
5642:
5635:
5628:
5621:
5614:
5607:
5600:
5593:
5586:
5579:
5572:
5565:
5558:
5551:
5544:
5537:
5530:
5523:
5516:
5511:Soweto bombings
5509:
5502:
5495:
5488:
5481:
5474:
5467:
5459:
5452:
5445:
5438:
5431:
5424:
5417:
5408:
5401:
5394:
5387:
5380:
5373:
5366:
5359:
5352:
5345:
5338:
5331:
5324:
5317:
5312:Soweto Uprising
5310:
5303:
5296:
5289:
5282:
5271:
5264:
5257:
5252:Tar Baby Option
5250:
5243:
5236:
5229:
5222:
5215:
5208:
5201:
5194:
5187:
5180:
5173:Freedom Charter
5171:
5164:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5134:
5127:
5120:
5107:
5100:
5093:
5086:
5079:
5072:
5065:
5052:
5040:
5033:
5026:
5019:
5012:
5005:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4971:
4964:
4957:
4950:
4943:
4936:
4929:
4922:
4909:
4902:
4895:
4875:
4867:
4859:
4851:
4843:
4835:
4827:
4819:
4811:
4803:
4795:
4787:
4779:
4773:Griqualand West
4771:
4765:Griqualand East
4763:
4755:
4747:
4739:
4731:
4723:
4715:
4708:
4700:
4693:
4685:
4677:
4670:
4663:
4655:
4641:
4635:
4605:
4600:
4589:
4584:
4554:
4488:
4453:Griqualand West
4447:Griqualand East
4428:
4392:
4380:
4367:
4354:
4347:
4300:
4297:
4267:
4250:
4245:
4237:
4228:Chief Minister:
4215:
4203:
4198:
4196:Peter Kalangula
4190:
4182:
4173:Chief Minister:
4160:
4148:
4143:
4135:
4127:
4119:
4110:Chief Minister:
4097:
4085:
4080:
4071:Chief Minister:
4058:
4046:
4041:
4033:
4025:
4017:
4015:Klaas Mtshiweni
4009:
4000:Chief Minister:
3987:
3975:
3970:
3962:
3954:
3945:Chief Minister:
3932:
3920:
3915:
3908:(JuneβDec 1982)
3907:
3905:N.J. Badenhorst
3893:
3888:
3880:
3871:Chief Minister:
3858:
3846:
3841:
3839:Gottlob Mbaukua
3833:
3825:
3817:
3809:
3801:
3779:
3767:
3762:
3754:
3746:
3737:Chief Minister:
3724:
3712:
3707:
3699:
3691:
3683:
3675:
3661:
3656:
3649:(MarβSept 1976)
3648:
3639:Chief Minister:
3626:
3614:
3609:
3601:
3593:
3585:
3583:Patrick Mphephu
3563:
3551:
3546:
3524:
3512:
3507:
3493:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3464:
3442:
3430:
3425:
3403:
3391:
3386:
3378:
3356:
3348:
3335:
3323:
3318:
3296:
3284:
3280:(MarβApr 1994)
3279:
3261:
3256:
3248:
3226:
3218:
3205:
3193:
3189:(MarβApr 1994)
3188:
3170:
3165:
3157:
3135:
3127:
3112:
3091:
3045:
3024:Self-governance
3008:
2972:Self-governance
2967:
2925:
2904:
2902:
2872:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2836:
2834:
2831:actionsa.org.za
2825:
2824:
2820:
2810:
2808:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2788:Wayback Machine
2779:
2775:
2769:Wayback Machine
2760:
2756:
2746:
2744:
2739:. Photius.com.
2735:
2734:
2730:
2720:
2718:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2665:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2632:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2612:
2610:"Archived copy"
2608:
2607:
2603:
2593:
2591:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2571:Wayback Machine
2562:
2558:
2548:Wayback Machine
2538:
2534:
2524:
2522:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2495:on 18 July 2018
2483:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2466:
2465:on 18 July 2018
2453:
2452:
2448:
2435:
2434:
2430:
2420:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2395:
2391:
2385:Wayback Machine
2376:
2372:
2362:Wayback Machine
2353:
2349:
2337:Wayback Machine
2328:
2321:
2315:Wayback Machine
2304:
2300:
2293:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2266:
2262:
2253:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2211:Wayback Machine
2202:
2195:
2176:
2175:
2160:
2154:Wayback Machine
2145:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2100:
2098:
2087:"The Homelands"
2085:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2043:
2042:on 19 June 2016
2034:
2033:
2026:
2016:
2014:
2007:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1973:
1968:
1960:Satellite state
1920:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1889:Mogoeng Mogoeng
1874:Patrice Motsepe
1867:
1855:
1849:
1812:Flag of the BDF
1806:
1798:Main articles:
1796:
1794:Security forces
1785:
1765:
1759:
1720:
1705:
1601:Tlhaping-Tlharo
1582:
1507:
1486:
1454:
1448:
1417:Nicolaas Fourie
1379:Johann Kriegler
1377:chairman Judge
1362:
1356:
1300:
1229:
1211:
1202:
1192:
1183:
1154:
1121:
1116:
1108:Main articles:
1106:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
942:
938:
928:
892:
890:
885:
884:
838:
830:
829:
818:Nieuw Republiek
801:
793:
792:
781:Griqualand West
775:Griqualand East
746:
738:
737:
714:Adam Kok's Land
685:
677:
676:
638:
630:
629:
619:
611:
610:
594:
574:
571:
570:
555:
554:
553:
548:
544:
539:
535:
530:
526:
518:
514:
506:
502:
494:
490:
469:
444:
401:
391:
355:
345:
335:
325:
318:6 December 1977
315:
305:
286:
268:
258:
234:
213:
176:
165:
146:
143:
139:
121:
113:
105:
97:
96:
95:
92:
84:
83:
80:
62:
55:
48:
41:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6760:
6758:
6750:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6719:
6714:
6712:Bophuthatswana
6704:
6703:
6665:
6664:
6652:
6649:
6648:
6646:
6645:
6638:
6631:
6623:
6621:
6615:
6614:
6611:
6610:
6608:
6607:
6600:
6593:
6586:
6583:Ossewabrandwag
6579:
6572:
6565:
6558:
6551:
6544:
6537:
6529:
6527:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6517:
6510:
6503:
6496:
6489:
6482:
6475:
6468:
6461:
6454:
6447:
6440:
6433:
6426:
6419:
6412:
6405:
6398:
6391:
6384:
6377:
6370:
6362:
6360:
6354:
6353:
6351:
6350:
6343:
6336:
6329:
6326:Unionist Party
6322:
6315:
6308:
6305:Torch Commando
6301:
6294:
6287:
6280:
6273:
6266:
6259:
6252:
6245:
6238:
6231:
6224:
6217:
6210:
6203:
6196:
6189:
6182:
6179:Orde Boerevolk
6175:
6168:
6161:
6154:
6147:
6140:
6133:
6126:
6119:
6112:
6105:
6098:
6091:
6084:
6077:
6070:
6063:
6056:
6049:
6042:
6035:
6028:
6021:
6014:
6007:
6000:
5993:
5986:
5979:
5972:
5965:
5958:
5955:DP (1989β2000)
5951:
5948:DP (1973β1977)
5944:
5941:Dominion Party
5937:
5930:
5923:
5916:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5888:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5860:
5853:
5846:
5839:
5832:
5825:
5822:Afrikaner Bond
5817:
5815:
5806:
5800:
5799:
5797:
5796:
5787:
5778:
5769:
5762:
5753:
5746:
5739:
5736:Day of the Vow
5732:
5725:
5718:
5709:
5700:
5693:
5686:
5679:
5672:
5664:
5662:
5658:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5650:
5640:
5633:
5626:
5619:
5612:
5605:
5598:
5591:
5584:
5577:
5570:
5563:
5556:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5528:
5521:
5514:
5507:
5504:Floor crossing
5500:
5493:
5486:
5479:
5472:
5464:
5462:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5443:
5436:
5429:
5422:
5419:Bisho massacre
5415:
5414:
5413:
5399:
5392:
5385:
5378:
5371:
5364:
5361:Operation Vula
5357:
5354:Rubicon speech
5350:
5347:Langa massacre
5343:
5336:
5329:
5322:
5315:
5308:
5301:
5294:
5287:
5280:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5276:
5269:
5255:
5248:
5241:
5234:
5227:
5220:
5206:
5199:
5192:
5185:
5178:
5177:
5176:
5162:
5155:
5148:
5141:
5140:
5139:
5125:
5117:
5115:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5105:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5081:Rand Rebellion
5077:
5070:
5062:
5060:
5054:
5053:
5051:
5050:
5038:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5010:
5007:Boer Republics
5003:
4996:
4989:
4981:
4979:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4962:
4955:
4948:
4941:
4934:
4927:
4919:
4917:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4900:
4892:
4890:
4881:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4865:
4857:
4853:Bophuthatswana
4849:
4841:
4833:
4825:
4817:
4813:Klein Vrystaat
4809:
4801:
4793:
4785:
4777:
4769:
4761:
4753:
4745:
4737:
4729:
4721:
4713:
4698:
4683:
4675:
4652:
4650:
4643:
4642:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4626:
4619:
4611:
4602:
4601:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4581:(1961βpresent)
4576:
4570:
4564:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4552:
4546:
4540:
4534:
4528:
4522:
4519:Bophuthatswana
4516:
4510:
4504:
4498:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4483:Klein Vrystaat
4480:
4474:
4468:
4462:
4456:
4450:
4444:
4438:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4420:
4414:
4408:
4402:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4390:
4384:
4371:
4358:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4323:
4321:Boer Republics
4318:
4313:
4305:
4302:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4295:
4288:
4281:
4273:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4240:
4231:
4229:
4222:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4193:
4185:
4176:
4174:
4167:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4138:
4130:
4122:
4113:
4111:
4104:
4091:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4074:
4072:
4065:
4052:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4039:James Mahlangu
4036:
4028:
4020:
4012:
4003:
4001:
3994:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3973:
3965:
3957:
3948:
3946:
3939:
3926:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3910:
3901:
3899:
3898:Administrator:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3883:
3874:
3872:
3865:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3836:
3828:
3820:
3815:Kuaima Riruako
3812:
3807:Clemens Kapuuo
3804:
3795:
3793:
3786:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3757:
3755:(MarβApr 1993)
3749:
3740:
3738:
3731:
3718:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3702:
3700:(MarβAug 1986)
3694:
3689:F.P.J. Visagie
3686:
3684:(JulβAug 1984)
3678:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3651:
3642:
3640:
3633:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3610:(JanβApr 1994)
3604:
3596:
3588:
3579:
3577:
3576:Head of State:
3570:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3540:
3538:
3537:Head of State:
3531:
3518:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:Bantu Holomisa
3501:
3499:
3498:Administrator:
3495:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3483:
3475:
3467:
3458:
3456:
3455:Head of State:
3449:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3419:
3417:
3416:Head of State:
3410:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3384:Daniel Luipert
3381:
3372:
3370:
3369:Head of State:
3363:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3342:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:Justus ΗGaroΓ«b
3312:
3310:
3309:Head of State:
3303:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3269:
3267:
3266:Administrator:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3251:
3242:
3240:
3239:Head of State:
3233:
3220:
3219:
3214:
3212:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3191:
3178:
3176:
3175:Administrator:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3160:
3151:
3149:
3148:Head of State:
3142:
3133:Bophuthatswana
3129:
3128:
3125:
3118:
3117:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2948:Bophuthatswana
2944:
2942:
2935:
2927:
2926:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2893:
2886:
2878:
2870:
2869:
2844:
2818:
2792:
2773:
2754:
2728:
2703:
2675:
2647:
2601:
2575:
2556:
2532:
2506:
2476:
2446:
2428:
2402:
2389:
2370:
2368:, 8 March 1990
2347:
2319:
2298:
2291:
2273:
2267:Peters, Joel.
2260:
2247:
2215:
2193:
2158:
2147:Bophuthatswana
2134:
2108:
2078:
2071:
2053:
2024:
2005:
1985:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1901:Tshepo Motsepe
1898:
1892:
1886:
1880:Herman Mashaba
1877:
1866:
1865:Notable people
1863:
1851:Main article:
1848:
1845:
1795:
1792:
1784:
1781:
1758:
1755:
1747:National Party
1719:
1716:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1652:
1646:
1640:
1634:
1628:
1622:
1616:
1610:
1604:
1598:
1592:
1581:
1578:
1506:
1503:
1485:
1482:
1450:Main article:
1447:
1444:
1371:civil servants
1358:Main article:
1355:
1354:Crisis of 1994
1352:
1299:
1296:
1292:1987 elections
1288:1982 elections
1193:
1174:
1153:
1150:
1142:1977 elections
1140:Following the
1120:
1117:
1105:
1102:
935:Bophuthatswana
930:
929:
927:
926:
919:
912:
904:
901:
900:
887:
886:
883:
882:
881:(1961βpresent)
876:
870:
864:
861:Bophuthatswana
858:
852:
846:
839:
836:
835:
832:
831:
828:
827:
824:Klein Vrystaat
821:
815:
809:
802:
799:
798:
795:
794:
791:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
754:
747:
744:
743:
740:
739:
736:
735:
729:
723:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
686:
683:
682:
679:
678:
675:
674:
668:
662:
656:
650:
639:
636:
635:
632:
631:
628:
627:
620:
617:
616:
613:
612:
609:
608:
602:
595:
592:
591:
588:
587:
579:
578:
572:in present-day
557:
556:
552:
551:
542:
533:
524:
512:
500:
496:Bophuthatswana
487:
486:
485:
482:
481:
478:
477:
474:
473:
466:
457:
454:
453:
448:
436:
435:
430:
420:
419:
414:
410:
409:
406:
405:
402:
399:
396:
395:
392:
389:
386:
385:
382:
381:
377:
376:
373:
369:
368:
364:
363:
360:
359:
356:
353:
350:
349:
346:
343:
340:
339:
336:
333:
330:
329:
326:
323:
320:
319:
316:
313:
310:
309:
306:
303:
300:
299:
296:
295:
292:
288:
287:
285:
284:
278:
275:
271:
269:
266:
263:
262:
259:
256:
253:
252:
249:
245:
244:
241:
240:
235:
232:
229:
228:
225:
224:
221:
215:
214:
212:
211:
206:
201:
195:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
178:
171:
167:
166:
163:
155:
154:
125:
124:
99:
98:
93:
86:
85:
81:
74:
73:
72:
69:
68:
64:
63:
34:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6759:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6718:
6715:
6713:
6710:
6709:
6707:
6700:
6697:
6662:
6661:
6650:
6643:
6639:
6636:
6632:
6629:
6625:
6624:
6622:
6616:
6605:
6601:
6598:
6594:
6591:
6587:
6584:
6580:
6577:
6573:
6570:
6566:
6563:
6559:
6556:
6552:
6549:
6545:
6542:
6538:
6535:
6531:
6530:
6528:
6522:
6515:
6511:
6508:
6504:
6501:
6500:Die Spoorbund
6497:
6494:
6490:
6487:
6483:
6480:
6476:
6473:
6469:
6466:
6462:
6459:
6455:
6452:
6448:
6445:
6441:
6438:
6434:
6431:
6427:
6424:
6420:
6417:
6413:
6410:
6406:
6403:
6399:
6396:
6392:
6389:
6385:
6382:
6378:
6375:
6371:
6368:
6364:
6363:
6361:
6355:
6348:
6344:
6341:
6340:Workers Party
6337:
6334:
6330:
6327:
6323:
6320:
6316:
6313:
6309:
6306:
6302:
6299:
6295:
6292:
6288:
6285:
6281:
6278:
6274:
6271:
6267:
6264:
6260:
6257:
6253:
6250:
6246:
6243:
6239:
6236:
6232:
6229:
6225:
6222:
6221:Radio Freedom
6218:
6215:
6211:
6208:
6204:
6201:
6197:
6194:
6190:
6187:
6183:
6180:
6176:
6173:
6172:Oranjewerkers
6169:
6166:
6162:
6159:
6155:
6152:
6148:
6145:
6141:
6138:
6134:
6131:
6127:
6124:
6120:
6117:
6113:
6110:
6106:
6103:
6099:
6096:
6092:
6089:
6085:
6082:
6078:
6075:
6071:
6068:
6064:
6061:
6057:
6054:
6050:
6047:
6043:
6040:
6036:
6033:
6029:
6026:
6022:
6019:
6015:
6012:
6008:
6005:
6001:
5998:
5994:
5991:
5987:
5984:
5980:
5977:
5973:
5970:
5966:
5963:
5959:
5956:
5952:
5949:
5945:
5942:
5938:
5935:
5931:
5928:
5924:
5921:
5917:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5903:
5900:
5896:
5893:
5889:
5886:
5882:
5879:
5875:
5872:
5868:
5865:
5861:
5858:
5854:
5851:
5847:
5844:
5840:
5837:
5833:
5830:
5826:
5823:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5814:organisations
5810:
5807:
5805:organisations
5801:
5794:
5793:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5779:
5776:
5775:
5770:
5767:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5754:
5751:
5747:
5744:
5740:
5737:
5733:
5730:
5726:
5723:
5719:
5716:
5715:
5710:
5707:
5706:
5701:
5698:
5694:
5691:
5687:
5684:
5680:
5677:
5673:
5670:
5666:
5665:
5663:
5659:
5648:
5646:
5641:
5638:
5634:
5631:
5627:
5624:
5620:
5617:
5613:
5610:
5606:
5603:
5602:Tshwane riots
5599:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5585:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5571:
5568:
5564:
5561:
5557:
5554:
5550:
5547:
5543:
5540:
5536:
5533:
5529:
5526:
5522:
5519:
5515:
5512:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5487:
5484:
5480:
5477:
5473:
5470:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5455:
5448:
5444:
5441:
5437:
5434:
5430:
5427:
5423:
5420:
5416:
5411:
5407:
5406:
5404:
5400:
5397:
5393:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5379:
5376:
5372:
5369:
5365:
5362:
5358:
5355:
5351:
5348:
5344:
5341:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5326:Project Coast
5323:
5320:
5316:
5313:
5309:
5306:
5305:Mafeje affair
5302:
5299:
5295:
5292:
5291:Durban Moment
5288:
5285:
5284:Rivonia Trial
5281:
5274:
5270:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5256:
5253:
5249:
5246:
5242:
5239:
5238:Disinvestment
5235:
5232:
5228:
5225:
5221:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5204:
5200:
5197:
5193:
5190:
5186:
5183:
5179:
5174:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5160:
5156:
5153:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5137:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5123:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5114:
5110:
5103:
5099:
5096:
5092:
5089:
5085:
5082:
5078:
5075:
5071:
5068:
5064:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5055:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5032:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5011:
5008:
5004:
5001:
4997:
4994:
4993:1820 Settlers
4990:
4987:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4967:
4963:
4960:
4956:
4953:
4949:
4946:
4942:
4939:
4935:
4932:
4928:
4925:
4921:
4920:
4918:
4916:
4912:
4905:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4889:
4885:
4882:
4878:
4870:
4866:
4862:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4818:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4762:
4758:
4754:
4750:
4746:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4703:
4699:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4658:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4644:
4640:
4632:
4627:
4625:
4620:
4618:
4613:
4612:
4609:
4599:
4598:
4592:
4580:
4577:
4574:
4571:
4568:
4565:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4556:
4550:
4547:
4544:
4541:
4538:
4535:
4532:
4529:
4526:
4523:
4520:
4517:
4514:
4511:
4508:
4505:
4502:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4492:
4490:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4448:
4445:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4424:
4421:
4418:
4415:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4403:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4375:
4372:
4362:
4359:
4342:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4308:
4303:
4294:
4289:
4287:
4282:
4280:
4275:
4274:
4271:
4244:
4241:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4214:
4210:
4197:
4194:
4189:
4186:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4159:
4155:
4142:
4139:
4134:
4131:
4126:
4123:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4096:
4092:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4062:
4057:
4053:
4040:
4037:
4032:
4029:
4024:
4021:
4016:
4013:
4008:
4007:Simon Skosana
4005:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3995:
3991:
3986:
3982:
3969:
3966:
3961:
3958:
3953:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3940:
3936:
3931:
3927:
3914:
3911:
3906:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3887:
3884:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3857:
3853:
3840:
3837:
3832:
3829:
3824:
3821:
3816:
3813:
3808:
3805:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3778:
3774:
3761:
3758:
3753:
3752:Edward Mhinga
3750:
3745:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3732:
3728:
3723:
3719:
3706:
3703:
3698:
3695:
3690:
3687:
3682:
3679:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3655:
3652:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3625:
3621:
3608:
3605:
3600:
3597:
3592:
3589:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3562:
3558:
3545:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3535:
3532:
3528:
3523:
3519:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3487:
3486:Tutor Ndamase
3484:
3479:
3476:
3471:
3468:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3437:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3398:
3385:
3382:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3330:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3295:
3291:
3278:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3255:
3252:
3247:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3237:
3234:
3230:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3204:
3200:
3187:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3164:
3161:
3156:
3155:Lucas Mangope
3153:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3130:
3123:
3119:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2939:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2908:
2899:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2876:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2845:
2832:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2782:
2777:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2758:
2755:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2679:
2676:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2651:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2618:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2589:
2585:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2542:
2536:
2533:
2520:
2516:
2510:
2507:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2480:
2477:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2450:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2399:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2374:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2294:
2292:9780313295713
2288:
2284:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2200:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2074:
2072:1-86842-190-2
2068:
2064:
2057:
2054:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2025:
2012:
2008:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1989:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1923:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1876:, businessman
1875:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1854:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1831:
1826:
1823:
1819:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1756:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1725:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:β the capital
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1564:The capital,
1562:
1560:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1527:Cape Province
1524:
1520:
1516:
1515:Cape Province
1512:
1504:
1498:
1490:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1424:
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1418:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1366:Lucas Mangope
1361:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1317:
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1273:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1227:
1222:
1221:Kurt Waldheim
1219:
1215:
1210:
1207:
1199:
1191:
1188:
1187:Lucas Mangope
1180:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1146:Lucas Mangope
1143:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1119:Establishment
1118:
1115:
1111:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1063:Cape Province
1060:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
987:
936:
925:
920:
918:
913:
911:
906:
905:
903:
902:
899:
889:
888:
880:
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871:
868:
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844:
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834:
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825:
822:
819:
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813:
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797:
796:
788:
785:
782:
779:
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773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
752:
749:
748:
742:
741:
733:
730:
727:
726:Potchefstroom
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
687:
681:
680:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
657:
655:(c.1780β1817)
654:
651:
644:
641:
640:
634:
633:
625:
622:
621:
615:
614:
606:
603:
600:
597:
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581:
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577:
569:
566:
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467:
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393:
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361:
358:27 April 1994
357:
347:
337:
327:
317:
307:
293:
289:
283:
279:
276:
273:
272:
270:
260:
250:
246:
242:
239:
238:Lucas Mangope
236:
222:
220:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
196:
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187:
184:
180:
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119:
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100:
90:
78:
70:
65:
59:
52:
45:
38:
29:
26:
22:
6669:
6658:
6618:Histories of
6319:United Party
6228:Reform Party
6165:Orangia Unie
5790:
5781:
5774:Swart gevaar
5772:
5756:
5712:
5703:
5644:
5546:Blikkiesdorp
4888:Pre-colonial
4852:
4741:Natal Colony
4725:Zulu Kingdom
4639:South Africa
4596:
4518:
4411:Natal Colony
4387:Zulu Kingdom
4235:Wessel Motha
3799:Hosea Kutako
3705:A. G. Visser
3624:East Caprivi
3591:Frank Ravele
3462:Botha Sigcau
3345:
3215:
3132:
3031:East Caprivi
2947:
2934:South Africa
2919:South Africa
2860:. Retrieved
2856:
2847:
2835:. Retrieved
2830:
2821:
2809:. Retrieved
2804:
2795:
2776:
2757:
2745:. Retrieved
2731:
2719:. Retrieved
2715:
2706:
2694:. Retrieved
2688:
2678:
2666:. Retrieved
2660:
2650:
2624:. Retrieved
2617:the original
2604:
2592:. Retrieved
2588:the original
2578:
2559:
2535:
2523:. Retrieved
2509:
2497:. Retrieved
2493:the original
2488:
2479:
2467:. Retrieved
2463:the original
2458:
2449:
2441:the original
2431:
2419:. Retrieved
2405:
2398:Business Day
2397:
2392:
2373:
2365:
2350:
2340:
2306:
2301:
2282:
2276:
2268:
2263:
2255:
2250:
2238:. Retrieved
2227:
2218:
2188:the original
2181:
2125:. Retrieved
2111:
2099:. Retrieved
2090:
2081:
2062:
2056:
2044:. Retrieved
2040:the original
2017:18 September
2015:. Retrieved
1995:
1988:
1955:Puppet state
1868:
1856:
1834:
1827:
1815:
1786:
1766:
1751:
1735:Johannesburg
1721:
1713:
1706:
1703:Demographics
1660:
1583:
1570:
1563:
1539:
1531:Bloemfontein
1508:
1459:
1455:
1425:
1406:
1391:
1381:'s plea for
1363:
1344:
1337:
1335:
1320:
1301:
1285:
1274:
1259:
1252:
1249:
1234:
1216:
1212:
1201:
1195:
1182:
1176:
1155:
1139:
1124:
1122:
1083:
1056:
1040:South Africa
1027:
1007:
934:
933:
860:
837:1900βpresent
708:Zulu Kingdom
576:South Africa
545:
536:
527:
522:, Chapter 5.
519:
515:
503:
491:
464:South Africa
451:South Africa
433:Succeeded by
432:
427:
400:β’ 1991
390:β’ 1980
140:
128:
114:
103:Motto:
102:
94:Coat of arms
25:
6691: /
5758:Rooi gevaar
5637:2021 unrest
5567:Nkandlagate
5396:Third Force
5273:Rugby union
4871:(1981β1994)
4863:(1979β1994)
4855:(1977β1994)
4847:(1976β1994)
4839:(1910β1961)
4831:(1902β1910)
4823:(1902β1910)
4815:(1886β1891)
4807:(1885β1887)
4799:(1884β1888)
4791:(1882β1885)
4783:(1882β1883)
4775:(1870β1873)
4767:(1861β1879)
4759:(1856β1902)
4751:(1854β1902)
4743:(1843β1910)
4735:(1839β1843)
4727:(1816β1897)
4719:(1795β1910)
4717:Cape Colony
4709: 1780
4694: 1780
4681:(1652β1806)
4671: 1220
4664: 1075
4569:(1856β1902)
4563:(1853β1910)
4443:(1854β1902)
4413:(1843β1910)
4407:(1795β1910)
4405:Cape Colony
4401:(1652β1806)
4381: 1780
4368: 1780
4355: 1220
4348: 1075
4133:Z.T. Seleka
3930:Kavangoland
3681:H.J. Becker
3246:Lennox Sebe
3203:Bushmanland
3186:Job Mokgoro
3057:Bushmanland
3036:Kavangoland
2747:18 December
2626:19 December
2127:18 December
1783:BOP Records
1637:Thaba 'Nchu
1466:Thaba 'Nchu
1446:Dissolution
1327:P. W. Botha
1281:Moshe Dayan
875:(1981β1994)
869:(1979β1994)
863:(1977β1994)
857:(1976β1994)
851:(1910β1961)
845:(1806β1910)
843:Cape Colony
826:(1886β1891)
820:(1884β1888)
814:(1882β1883)
808:(1882β1885)
789:(1870β1871)
783:(1870β1880)
777:(1861β1879)
771:(1856β1860)
765:(1854β1858)
759:(1854β1902)
753:(1852β1902)
734:(1839β1843)
728:(1837β1848)
722:(1836β1844)
716:(1825β1861)
710:(1818β1897)
704:(1813β1871)
698:(1806β1910)
696:Cape Colony
692:(1802β1806)
673:(1795β1802)
671:Cape Colony
667:(1795β1796)
626:(1652β1795)
607:(1430β1760)
601:(1050β1270)
593:before 1600
428:Preceded by
308:1 June 1972
280:72 elected
248:Legislature
6706:Categories
6679:25Β°33β²00β³E
6676:25Β°48β²00β³S
6569:Greyshirts
6333:Volksparty
5871:Black Sash
5532:Xenophobia
5525:Travelgate
5298:Border War
5102:Bantustans
5000:Great Trek
4945:Xhosa Wars
4805:Upingtonia
4789:Stellaland
4543:KwaNdebele
4477:Upingtonia
4465:Stellaland
4326:Bantustans
4158:Ovamboland
4136:(Oct 1987)
4018:(Nov 1986)
3985:KwaNdebele
3777:Hereroland
3522:Tswanaland
3319:(1980β89)
3294:Damaraland
3254:Oupa Gqozo
3166:(Feb 1988)
3087:Tswanaland
3067:Hereroland
3062:Damaraland
3041:Ovamboland
2989:KwaNdebele
2915:Bantustans
2696:20 October
2668:20 October
1966:References
1666:Ga-Rankuwa
1643:Lehurutshe
1607:Ditsobotla
1559:Rustenburg
1550:Ga-Rankuwa
1478:Mpumalanga
1474:Mathanjana
1472:, and the
1470:Free State
1462:North West
1241:David Owen
1094:Mpumalanga
1086:Free State
1038:regime of
806:Stellaland
649:1780β1817)
565:Historical
540:Appointed.
531:Appointed.
380:Population
251:Parliament
5792:Volkstaat
5783:Uitlander
5714:Boerehaat
5690:Anarchism
5497:Arms Deal
5460:apartheid
5136:Pass laws
5113:Apartheid
5058:1910β1948
4977:1815β1910
4915:1652β1815
4575:(1910β61)
4551:(1981β94)
4545:(1981β94)
4539:(1981β94)
4533:(1981β94)
4527:(1979β94)
4521:(1977β94)
4515:(1976β94)
4509:(1974β94)
4503:(1972β94)
4497:(1971β94)
4495:Gazankulu
4485:(1886β91)
4479:(1885β87)
4473:(1884β88)
4467:(1882β85)
4461:(1882β83)
4455:(1870β73)
4449:(1861β79)
4437:(1839β43)
4425:(1902β10)
4419:(1902β10)
4389:(1816β97)
4246:(1975β94)
4238:(1974β75)
4199:(1981β89)
4191:(1975β81)
4183:(1973β75)
4144:(1987β94)
4128:(1973β87)
4120:(1972β73)
4081:(1977β94)
4042:(1990β94)
4034:(1989β90)
4026:(1986β89)
4010:(1981β86)
3971:(1981β89)
3963:(1977β81)
3955:(1973β77)
3916:(1982β84)
3889:(1991β94)
3842:(1984β89)
3834:(1987β88)
3826:(1980β84)
3818:(1978β80)
3810:(1970β78)
3802:(1968β70)
3792:Chairman:
3763:(1993β94)
3747:(1973β93)
3722:Gazankulu
3708:(1986β89)
3692:(1984β86)
3676:(1981β84)
3666:Chairman:
3657:(1976β81)
3602:(1990β94)
3594:(1988β90)
3586:(1978β88)
3547:(1980β89)
3489:(1986β94)
3481:(1979β86)
3473:(1978β79)
3465:(1976β78)
3426:(1979β89)
3387:(1985β89)
3379:(1980β85)
3333:Kaokoland
3257:(1990β94)
3249:(1981β90)
3158:(1968β94)
3103:Coloureds
3096:Post-1980
3072:Kaokoland
2979:Gazankulu
2912:Apartheid
2421:15 August
2046:18 August
1930:Bantustan
1633:: 134,277
1615:: 128,383
1609:: 135,045
1603:: 101,425
1597:: 235,540
1591:: 354,782
1519:Transvaal
1505:Territory
1484:Geography
1164:-system,
1135:elections
1114:Apartheid
1071:Transvaal
1036:apartheid
1032:Bantustan
1020:Afrikaans
800:1875β1900
745:1850β1875
684:1800β1850
637:1700β1800
618:1600β1700
404:1,478,950
394:1,323,315
219:President
209:Afrikaans
174:Bantustan
67:1977β1994
58:Afrikaans
6660:Category
6562:Boeremag
6060:Jeugkrag
6011:Het Volk
5705:Baasskap
5647:incident
5266:Olympics
4845:Transkei
4648:polities
4646:Defunct
4537:KaNgwane
4513:Transkei
4331:National
4316:Colonies
4311:Kingdoms
3856:KaNgwane
3440:Transkei
3401:Rehoboth
3354:Namaland
3082:Rehoboth
3077:Namaland
2984:KaNgwane
2958:Transkei
2784:Archived
2765:Archived
2741:Archived
2636:cite web
2567:Archived
2544:Archived
2519:Archived
2415:Archived
2381:Archived
2358:Archived
2333:Archived
2311:Archived
2234:Archived
2207:Archived
2150:Archived
2121:Archived
2095:Archived
2011:Archived
1908:See also
1884:ActionSA
1839:and the
1743:gambling
1741:, where
1739:Pretoria
1731:Sun City
1724:platinum
1709:Setswana
1697:Tlhabane
1681:Mmabatho
1676:Mafikeng
1671:Mabopane
1657:: 47,036
1651:: 52,268
1645:: 62,901
1639:: 49,053
1627:: 88,399
1625:Bafokeng
1621:: 89,841
1595:Moretele
1574:Mafeking
1566:Mmabatho
1554:Mabopane
1546:Pretoria
1542:Botswana
1537:border.
1533:and the
1511:enclaves
1438:, Prof.
1270:Botswana
1262:Tel Aviv
1158:Transkei
1144:, Chief
1126:homeland
1079:Mahikeng
1075:Mmabatho
1059:Transkei
1048:Transkei
1030:, was a
855:Transkei
653:Ndwandwe
413:Currency
186:Mmabatho
142:(Tswana)
21:Botswana
6465:SAAPAWU
5803:Defunct
5766:Slavery
4986:Mfecane
4549:KwaZulu
4056:KwaZulu
2994:KwaZulu
2721:15 June
2594:18 June
2499:18 July
2469:18 July
2240:18 June
2101:23 July
1718:Economy
1687:Mogwase
1655:Ganyesa
1649:Madikwe
1535:Lesotho
1286:In the
1104:History
1090:Gauteng
1028:the Bop
995:
720:Winburg
291:History
204:English
182:Capital
129:Anthem:
6416:FOSATU
6270:SAYRCO
6242:SADECO
6158:Occupy
5697:Azania
5645:Lady R
5574:Racism
5403:CODESA
4880:Events
4869:Ciskei
4781:Goshen
4711:β1819)
4696:β1817)
4531:Ciskei
4507:QwaQwa
4501:Lebowa
4459:Goshen
4383:β1819)
4370:β1817)
4213:QwaQwa
4095:Lebowa
3224:Ciskei
3108:Whites
3004:QwaQwa
2999:Lebowa
2953:Ciskei
2862:27 May
2837:27 May
2811:27 May
2805:News24
2525:13 May
2289:
2069:
2003:
1773:Soweto
1769:Bop TV
1763:Bop TV
1619:Mankwe
1613:Molopo
1521:, and
1313:Γ©migrΓ©
1266:Israel
1166:Ciskei
1131:Tswana
1044:Ciskei
1012:Tswana
873:Ciskei
812:Goshen
661:(1795)
568:states
294:
223:
199:Tswana
170:Status
131:
118:Tswana
54:
44:Tswana
40:
6597:PAGAD
6493:SATUC
6486:SARHU
6472:SACTU
6451:NURHS
6409:FNETU
6395:CTSWU
6388:CNETU
6381:BLATU
6263:SAYCO
6151:NUSAS
6032:IDASA
5843:AITUP
5458:Post-
4861:Venda
4525:Venda
3561:Venda
2963:Venda
2620:(PDF)
2613:(PDF)
1847:Coins
1757:Media
1727:mines
1692:Temba
1631:Taung
1170:Venda
1052:Venda
867:Venda
520:ibid.
6604:SANF
6534:APLA
6479:SAIF
6458:PAWE
6444:NEUM
6437:MUSA
6402:FCWU
6347:WOSA
6298:TNIP
6256:SASO
6249:SAIC
6235:SABP
6186:PAVN
5920:COSG
5899:CTEG
5892:CNIP
3275:and
3184:and
2921:and
2864:2024
2839:2024
2813:2024
2749:2012
2723:2021
2698:2015
2670:2015
2642:link
2628:2012
2596:2014
2527:2013
2501:2018
2471:2018
2423:2006
2287:ISBN
2242:2014
2183:Time
2129:2012
2103:2018
2067:ISBN
2048:2013
2019:2013
2001:ISBN
1802:and
1777:SABC
1737:and
1552:and
1254:Time
1168:and
1162:TBVC
1129:for
1112:and
1096:and
1069:and
1050:and
992:lit.
372:1980
367:Area
348:1994
338:1990
328:1988
82:Flag
6555:BBB
6548:AWB
6541:ARM
6507:UDF
6430:IWW
6423:ICU
6374:BCM
6367:APF
6312:UFP
6214:PRP
6193:PFP
6144:NRP
6137:NPP
6123:NNP
6116:NLP
6102:NCP
6053:ISL
6004:GNP
5976:ECC
5969:DSM
5962:DPP
5934:DLF
5906:COD
5885:CDA
5864:BPC
5857:AVF
5850:APO
2917:in
2550:".
1589:Odi
282:MPs
6708::
6576:MK
6130:NP
6095:NA
6046:IP
6039:ID
5990:FD
5983:FA
5927:CP
4706:c.
4691:c.
4668:c.
4661:c.
4378:c.
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2855:.
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