699:
679:
909:
891:
617:
49:
819:
346:
355:
514:("replacement") consul for the remainder of the year. Cincinnatus was himself a violent opponent of the plebs' proposal, which made no progress during his administration. His son was supposedly driven from town and killed for his murder of a plebeian. Cincinnatus quit the city and retired to an estate he held to the west of the
806:, they used their spikes to quickly besiege the besieging Aequi. Rather than slaughter them between the two Roman camps, Cincinnatus accepted their pleas for mercy and offered an amnesty provided that three principal offenders were executed, and Gracchus Cloelius and their other leaders be delivered to him in chains. A "
882:
from the end of his life claims a
Capitolinus defended one of his sons from a charge of military incompetence by asking the jury who would go to tell the aged Cincinnatus the news in the event of a conviction. The son was said to have been acquitted because the jury could not bring itself to break the old man's heart.
669:
and his father subjected to a huge punitive fine, forcing him to sell most of his estates and to retire from public life to personally work a small farm (some accounts say Caeso was killed with
Poplicola in the recovery of the Capitoline from Herdonius). Modern historians particularly reject the fine
881:
Cincinnatus became a legend to the Romans. Twice granted supreme power, he held on to it for not a day longer than absolutely necessary. He consistently demonstrated great honour and integrity. The high esteem in which he was held by the later Romans is sometimes extended to his family. One legend
860:
and directed him to bring
Spurius Maelius before him. He and the other patricians then garrisoned the Capitoline Hill and other strongholds around the city. Maelius fended off Ahala's officer with a butcher's knife and fled into a crowd. Ahala led a band of patricians into the crowd and killed him
310:
Cincinnatus's success and his immediate resignation of near-absolute authority at the end of the crisis (traditionally dated to 458 BC) has often been cited as a model of selfless leadership, civic virtue, and service to the greater good. The story has also been seen as an exemplar of agrarian
810:" of three spears was then set up and the Aequi made to pass under it as an act of submission, bowing and admitting their defeat. Cincinnatus then disbanded his army and returned to his farm, abandoning his control a mere fifteen days after it had been granted to him.
765:
A group of senators was sent to
Cincinnatus to inform him of his appointment, finding him ploughing his farm. He asked them, "Is everything all right?" and they replied that they hoped "it might turn out well for both him and his country", asking that he don his
861:
during his flight. With the crisis resolved, Cincinnatus again resigned his commission, having served 21 days (Ahala was later brought to trial for exceeding his commission and accepted voluntary exile). Various aspects of the story are connected with spurious
770:
before hearing the Senate's mandate. He then called out to his wife
Racilia, telling her to bring his toga from their cottage. Once he was properly dressed, the delegation hailed him as a dictator and ordered him to come to the city. He crossed the
1669:
1663:
1134:
639:
was an openly violent opponent of the attempts of the plebeians to enact the
Terentilian Law, which sought to codify the Roman legal tradition and circumscribe the authority of the patrician consuls. Caeso would lead gangs to drive the
761:
what had happened. With the army of the second consul unable to help, the senators fell into a panic and authorized the nomination of a dictator. G. Nautius
Rutilus or Horatius Pulvillus named Cincinnatus for a term of six months.
656:. A plebeian named Marcus Volscius testified that his brother, while feeble from sickness, had been knocked down and injured by Caeso with such force that he later died. Rather than face his accusers in court, Caeso fled to the
1045:
602:
was plotting against the
Republic. When Spurius Maelius ignored his summons, he was killed by Cincinnatus's master of horse and any plot collapsed. Cincinnatus presumably died sometime soon afterwards.
470:
consuls. In the years that followed, he and the other plebeians were ignored, fended off, rejected on procedural grounds, and finally beaten and driven from the streets by gangs of patricians and their
1770:
753:, the army under L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus encamped and rested instead of immediately attacking. The Aequi quickly deployed around their position and successfully besieged them, with only five
411:
BC. As both Titus and Lucius were recorded as the son and grandson of men named Lucius
Quinctius, Titus is sometimes thought to have been Lucius's brother. This suggests Lucius was the first of his
934:
The legend of
Cincinnatus's military victory and subsequent relinquishment of power has continued to inspire admiration. It has also been invoked to honor other political leaders, notably
541:. Many of the details of the story are now assumed to be spurious and some consider the entire military account fictional, believing its parallels with T. Quinctius Cincinnatus's 380
1997:
698:
678:
162:
2020:
1745:
299:
The most famous story related to Cincinnatus occurs after his retirement from public service to a simple life of farming. As Roman forces struggled to defeat the
1627:
1760:
1038:
in London on 6 September 2022. Some commentators noted that while, as Johnson said, Cincinnatus returned to his plough, he was also later recalled to power.
1623:
2076:
1845:
2215:
898:
908:
2182:
2239:
2243:
621:
565:
too great for chance. In one account, Cincinnatus took advantage of his position as dictator to hold a hearing, despite the objections of the
2271:
1721:
1194:
1167:
841:
734:
595:
534:
404:
670:
as a later invention inserted to explain the dictator's supposed poverty and heighten his virtues. Some reject the story in its entirety.
1111:
BC and credited to the patricians as a class, rather than to Cincinnatus himself, although this seems to have been a later fabrication.
307:. After achieving a swift victory in sixteen days, Cincinnatus relinquished power and its privileges, returning to labor on his farm.
2231:
1077:
167:
2116:
1989:
1941:
550:
2030:
1359:
1259:
2276:
2222:
1641:
1184:
2281:
2139:
1898:
943:
1788:
775:
in one of the senate's boats and was greeted on his return by his three sons and most of the senators. He was given several
1826:
2001:
1894:
942:, refusal to consider establishing a monarchy or assuming monarchical powers, and voluntary retirement after two terms as
31:
1807:
2056:
1953:
1885:
890:
2291:
1008:
954:
1920:
1157:
2286:
1916:
1024:
378:
240:
2034:
2154:
2087:
2070:
741:—led out two armies, one to Tusculum's relief and another to strike against the lands of the Aequi and their
1062:
803:
538:
324:
199:
2266:
2261:
2190:
2160:
1975:
1072:
483:
272:
1993:
1935:
994:
853:
738:
641:
558:
388:
2050:
1067:
629:
566:
451:
448:
1048:
that he would not run for re-election, multiple political commentators compared him to Cincinnatus.
790:. He then went to the assembly of the people and ordered every man of military age to appear on the
974:
857:
682:
616:
1739:
822:
592:
436:
276:
and elsewhere, but it is usually accepted that Cincinnatus was a historical figure who served as
648:, disrupting the procedures necessary to approve it. He was brought up on capital charges in 461
369:
According to the traditional accounts, Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus was probably born around 519
311:
virtues like humility, modesty, and hard work. Cincinnatus was an opponent of the rights of the
919:
Many Italian cities have plazas, streets, or other locations named after Cincinnatus (Italian:
2296:
2112:
2014:
1889:
1727:
1717:
1601:
1516:
1436:
1327:
1190:
1163:
1035:
982:
935:
924:
665:
266:
Modern historians question some particulars of the story of Cincinnatus that was recounted in
584:
BC. Livy noted his involvement in the discussion about opening the consulship to plebeians.
319:, caused the plebeians to fall into poverty when he violently opposed their desire to have a
2126:
970:
966:
962:
950:
have made allusions to Cincinnatus common in historical and literary treatments of the era.
939:
913:
894:
862:
834:
787:
707:
522:
487:
396:
62:
2170:
2086:
1984:. Vol. 2. Translated by Julius Charles Hare; Connop Thirlwall. Cambridge: John Taylor.
525:, a king-like figure appointed by the Republic in times of extreme emergency, in 458 or 457
48:
1949:
1020:
1002:
852:
to buy the loyalty of the poor and establish himself as king over Rome. Cincinnatus named
849:
767:
636:
599:
491:
476:
467:
316:
256:
157:
17:
2153:
1808:"Biden can go down as an American hero — but only if Harris can beat Trump | Will Bunch"
1057:
1016:
818:
791:
703:
511:
304:
285:
277:
252:
132:
2255:
2065:
1864:
1527:
1525:
1159:
Cincinnatus and the Citizen-Servant Ideal: The Roman Legend's Life, Times, and Legacy
1031:
902:
799:
754:
746:
661:
384:
374:
180:
2069:
1765:
947:
758:
503:
495:
472:
463:
455:
260:
244:
237:
126:
1098:, apparently mistakenly, places these events in Cincinnatus's second dictatorship.
418:
2106:
2060:, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 784–785
1979:
2093:
1714:
No place to hide : Edward Snowden, the NSA, and the U.S. surveillance state
783:
750:
645:
320:
1784:
1659:
1130:
990:
978:
958:
530:
425:
392:
248:
232:
1731:
725:
to Rome's east broke their treaty of the year before and attempted to retake
2049:
1042:
986:
657:
546:
459:
327:
312:
844:, Cincinnatus came out of retirement for a second term as dictator in 439
802:. They then marched to the relief of the consul's relieving army. At the
730:
726:
580:, Cincinnatus ran unsuccessfully for a position in that government in 450
577:
562:
412:
2108:
A Critical History of Early Rome: From Prehistory to the First Punic War
985:. A French Society of the Cincinnati was founded soon afterward by King
345:
1546:
1544:
742:
570:
499:
2080:, vol. 6 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 374
1908:
1183:
Arena, Valentina; Prag, Jonathan R. W.; Stiles, Andrew (2022-01-25).
1095:
776:
625:
400:
387:, which predated the founding of Rome and was moved to Rome from the
58:
54:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1270:
1268:
1000:
Cincinnatus is referenced in Book II, Chapter 1 of Thomas Carlyle's
827:
Ahala, Master of the Horse, Presents the Dead Maelius to Cincinnatus
363:
1553 French portraits of Cincinnatus and his wife Racilia or Rasilia
1827:"Joe Biden joins George Washington as America's second Cincinnatus"
354:
928:
830:
772:
722:
711:
515:
440:
300:
1019:
used the nickname "Cincinnatus" when first contacting journalist
1931:
1761:"Boris Johnson likens himself to Roman who returned as dictator"
807:
653:
381:
267:
69:
1642:"'Team Cincinnatus': Tom Steyer Draws Name from Roman Dictator"
1616:
798:) by the end of the day with twelve times the normal amount of
2142:”. History of Rome podcast (2008-11-11). Retrieved 2020-06-26.
2092:
569:, in which his son's accuser Marcus Volscius was charged with
1107:
The accusations against Volscius are sometimes placed in 459
635:
In the traditional accounts of the story, Cincinnatus's son
506:
Publius Valerius Poplicola was killed in its recovery in 460
1684:
Sartor Resartus The Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdröckh
1186:
A Companion to the Political Culture of the Roman Republic
2036:
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology,
865:
and it may have no more connection to the dictator of 458
587:
Cincinnatus may have returned to serve as dictator in 439
529:
BC in order to lead reinforcements to the defense of the
27:
Roman politician and military figure (c. 519 – c. 430 BC)
848:
BC to deal with the feared plot of the wealthy plebeian
494:
and hold it against the city with a gang of outlaws and
1120:
This story is sometimes told of his election as consul.
1034:
referred to Cincinnatus in his farewell speech outside
2133:, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 313–329
693:
Cincinnatus Leaves the Plough to Dictate Laws to Rome
303:, Cincinnatus was summoned from his plough to assume
2127:"The Beginnings of the Republic from 509 to 390 BC"
1699:
Nabokov at the Limits Redrawing Critical Boundaries
510:BC and Cincinnatus, probably illegally, became the
195:
190:
176:
150:
142:
119:
111:
90:
76:
39:
973:and their families, to preserve the ideals of the
482:The violent resistance of the patricians prompted
30:"Cincinnatus" redirects here. For other uses, see
997:, in the United States, were named in his honor.
938:. Washington's relinquishing of control of the
779:for protection and enforcement of his orders.
591:BC to defend Rome against the conspiracy the
466:that would check the near-regal power of the
377:. He would have been a member of the ancient
8:
2111:, Berkeley: University of California Press,
2100:, vol. 1, Chicago: F. E. Compton and Co
1041:When, in July 2024, United States President
869:BC than the fact that the Cincinnatus of 439
1789:"The Dramatic Contrast of Biden's Last Act"
840:On the nomination of his brother or nephew
416:
2204:
2019:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1744:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1352:
1252:
782:The next morning, Cincinnatus went to the
47:
36:
1846:"Joe Biden shows us the meaning of unity"
1612:
1610:
475:, supposedly including Cincinnatus's son
1597:
1512:
1432:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1323:
1006:. The protagonist of Vladimir Nabokov's
907:
889:
817:
697:
677:
615:
2175:Illustrated History of the Roman Empire
1224:
1148:
1088:
2012:
1773:from the original on 6 September 2022.
1737:
2155:"Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius"
2071:"Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius"
7:
2088:"Cincinnatus, Lucius Quintius"
1759:Grierson, Jamie (6 September 2022).
1701:. Taylor & Francis. p. 109.
1550:
912:The statue of Cincinnatus in Paris'
842:Titus Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus
405:Titus Quinctius Capitolinus Barbatus
786:and named Lucius Tarquitius as his
612:Son of Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
263:—by the time of the late Republic.
2244:L. Cornelius Maluginensis Uritinus
2232:Gaius Claudius Sabinus Regillensis
2042:, Boston: Little, Brown, & Co.
1370:
1308:
1274:
1209:
1078:Publius Decius Mus (consul 340 BC)
873:BC was a member of the same clan.
373:BC, during the last decade of the
168:Titus Quinctius Poenus Cincinnatus
53:Statue of Cincinnatus holding the
25:
2095:The New Student's Reference Work
2085:Beach, Chandler B., ed. (1914),
1640:Cramer, Ruby (16 January 2015),
1581:
1565:
1531:
1496:
1480:
1464:
1448:
1416:
1400:
1236:
735:L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus
702:Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus by
535:L. Minucius Esquilinus Augurinus
353:
344:
315:(the common citizens). His son,
2187:About Ancient/Classical History
931:, Italy is named in his honor.
443:to their east. Beginning in 462
305:complete control over the state
2183:"Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus"
292:BC and (possibly) again in 439
1:
2181:Gill, N.S. (17 August 2016),
2169:Cavazzi, F. (12 April 2012),
1844:Karem, Brian (21 July 2024).
1156:Hillyard, Michael J. (2001).
686:
498:(in Livy) or with an army of
255:who became a famous model of
220:
101:
94:
80:
2272:5th-century BC Roman consuls
2029:Smith, William, ed. (1867),
1806:Bunch, Will (21 July 2024).
733:). The consuls for the year—
217:Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
163:Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
41:Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
32:Cincinnatus (disambiguation)
2189:, About.com, archived from
2129:, in Mineo, Bernard (ed.),
2048:Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878),
1998:Lucius Quintius Cincinnatus
1023:about releasing classified
652:BC but released on a large
2313:
2171:"The Early Roman Republic"
1886:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
1863:Seth Masket (2024-08-20).
1686:. H. Althemus. p. 88.
1665:Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte
1135:Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte
573:, driving him into exile.
29:
18:Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus
2236:
2220:
2212:
2207:
1812:The Philadelphia Inquirer
1712:Greenwald, Glenn (2014).
1260:Vol. III, "Qui′ntia Gens"
1189:. John Wiley & Sons.
1009:Invitation to a Beheading
955:Society of the Cincinnati
946:to return to his farm at
435:BC, Rome was fending off
210:
206:
186:
46:
2140:7 – The Roman Washington
1913:Epitome of Roman History
1025:National Security Agency
1012:is named Cincinnatus C.
428:". The family was rich.
2277:Ancient Roman dictators
2125:Forsythe, Gary (2015),
2105:Forsythe, Gary (2006),
2077:Encyclopædia Britannica
2057:Encyclopædia Britannica
1976:Niebuhr, Barthold Georg
1697:Zunshine, Lisa (2013).
1682:Caryle, Thomas (1895).
1618:Encyclopædia Britannica
1162:. Xlibris Corporation.
1063:List of Roman dictators
1030:British Prime Minister
804:Battle of Mount Algidus
462:to establish a kind of
200:Battle of Mount Algidus
2282:Ancient Roman generals
2161:Encyclopedia Americana
2003:American Cyclopaedia,
1865:"Scranton Cincinnatus"
1360:Vol. I, "Cincinna′tus"
1073:Marcus Atilius Regulus
977:, and to maintain the
961:in 1783 to assist the
920:
916:
905:
837:
745:allies. Upon reaching
714:
695:
632:
521:Cincinnatus served as
490:was able to seize the
417:
2216:P. Valerius Poplicola
995:Cincinnatus, New York
911:
893:
821:
757:escaping to tell the
701:
681:
642:Tribunes of the Plebs
619:
596:L. Minucius Augurinus
1660:Byron, George Gordon
1648:, New York: Buzzfeed
1068:Horatii and Curiatii
502:(in Dionysius). The
452:G. Terentilius Harsa
2240:Q. Fabius Vibulanus
2164:, vol. 6, 1920
2131:A Companion to Livy
2051:"Cincinnatus"
1981:The History of Rome
1227:, pp. 291–292.
975:American Revolution
957:was established by
863:etiological legends
858:master of the horse
814:Second dictatorship
788:master of the horse
683:Juan Antonio Ribera
454:began pressing for
399:. The clan's first
2208:Political offices
1825:Brannon, Rebecca.
917:
906:
854:C. Servilius Ahala
838:
739:G. Nautius Rutilus
715:
696:
674:First dictatorship
662:condemned to death
633:
624:of Cincinnatus in
551:Fabius the Delayer
2250:
2249:
2237:Succeeded by
1969:Secondary sources
1890:Roman Antiquities
1723:978-1-62779-073-4
1196:978-1-4443-3965-9
1169:978-1-4628-0465-8
1036:10 Downing Street
1027:(NSA) documents.
936:George Washington
899:64th-largest city
630:Schönbrunn Garden
559:M. Minucius Rufus
533:under the consul
214:
213:
16:(Redirected from
2304:
2292:Legendary Romans
2227:460 BC (suffect)
2213:Preceded by
2205:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2177:
2165:
2157:
2134:
2121:
2101:
2099:
2090:
2081:
2073:
2061:
2053:
2043:
2024:
2018:
2010:
1996:, eds. (1879), "
1994:Dana, Charles A.
1985:
1963:
1961:
1944:
1924:
1902:
1869:
1868:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1787:(25 July 2024).
1781:
1775:
1774:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1735:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1694:
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1673:
1672:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1637:
1631:
1614:
1605:
1595:
1589:
1588:, III, §§ 28–29.
1579:
1573:
1563:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1529:
1520:
1510:
1504:
1494:
1488:
1478:
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1462:
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1424:
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1408:
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1368:
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1350:
1331:
1321:
1315:
1306:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1250:
1244:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1153:
1138:
1129:For example, in
1127:
1121:
1118:
1112:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1093:
991:Cincinnati, Ohio
967:Continental Army
940:Continental Army
927:neighborhood in
914:Tuileries Garden
872:
868:
847:
800:encamping spikes
720:
708:Tuileries Garden
691:
688:
651:
590:
583:
556:
544:
528:
509:
488:Appius Herdonius
446:
434:
431:In the late 460s
422:
410:
407:, elected in 471
397:Tullus Hostilius
372:
357:
348:
325:equally enforced
295:
291:
283:
235:
231:
225:
222:
191:Military service
106:
103:
99:
96:
85:
82:
68:
51:
37:
21:
2312:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2287:Italian farmers
2252:
2251:
2246:
2242:
2228:
2226:
2218:
2196:
2194:
2193:on 16 July 2011
2180:
2168:
2152:
2149:
2147:Further reading
2138:Duncan, Mike, “
2124:
2119:
2104:
2084:
2064:
2047:
2028:
2011:
1988:
1974:
1971:
1959:
1958:, Book XVIII, §
1955:Natural History
1950:Pliny the Elder
1948:
1937:History of Rome
1930:
1922:
1900:
1882:
1880:Primary sources
1877:
1872:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1805:
1804:
1800:
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1753:
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1724:
1711:
1710:
1706:
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1695:
1691:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1658:
1657:
1653:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1615:
1608:
1598:Forsythe (2006)
1596:
1592:
1580:
1576:
1564:
1560:
1549:
1542:
1530:
1523:
1513:Forsythe (2006)
1511:
1507:
1495:
1491:
1487:, IV, §§ 13–15.
1479:
1475:
1463:
1459:
1447:
1443:
1433:Forsythe (2015)
1431:
1427:
1415:
1411:
1407:, VI, §§ 28–29.
1399:
1395:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1369:
1365:
1351:
1334:
1324:Forsythe (2006)
1322:
1318:
1307:
1284:
1273:
1266:
1251:
1247:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1054:
1021:Glenn Greenwald
1003:Sartor Resartus
983:former colonies
888:
879:
870:
866:
850:Spurius Maelius
845:
816:
768:senatorial toga
718:
689:
676:
649:
614:
609:
600:Spurius Maelius
588:
581:
554:
542:
526:
507:
492:Capitoline Hill
444:
432:
424:, meaning "the
408:
370:
367:
366:
365:
364:
360:
359:
358:
350:
349:
338:
317:Caeso Quinctius
293:
289:
281:
273:History of Rome
249:military leader
229:
227:
223:
172:
158:Caeso Quinctius
138:
104:
97:
83:
72:
66:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2310:
2308:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2238:
2235:
2219:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2178:
2166:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2122:
2117:
2102:
2082:
2068:, ed. (1911),
2066:Chisholm, Hugh
2062:
2045:
2031:"Cincinna′tus"
2026:
1990:Ripley, George
1986:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1946:
1928:
1906:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1855:
1836:
1817:
1798:
1776:
1751:
1722:
1704:
1689:
1674:
1651:
1632:
1606:
1590:
1574:
1558:
1540:
1521:
1505:
1489:
1473:
1457:
1441:
1425:
1409:
1393:
1378:
1376:, p. 748.
1363:
1332:
1316:
1282:
1264:
1245:
1229:
1217:
1215:, p. 784.
1202:
1195:
1175:
1168:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1139:
1122:
1113:
1100:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1058:Cato the Elder
1053:
1050:
1017:Edward Snowden
1015:Whistleblower
887:
884:
878:
875:
829:, a fresco in
815:
812:
796:Campus Martius
704:Denis Foyatier
675:
672:
660:. He was then
613:
610:
608:
605:
484:so much unrest
362:
361:
352:
351:
343:
342:
341:
340:
339:
337:
334:
278:suffect consul
259:—particularly
253:Roman Republic
212:
211:
208:
207:
204:
203:
197:
193:
192:
188:
187:
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
171:
170:
165:
160:
154:
152:
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
137:
136:
130:
123:
121:
117:
116:
113:
109:
108:
92:
88:
87:
78:
74:
73:
52:
44:
43:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2309:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2267:430 BC deaths
2265:
2263:
2262:519 BC births
2260:
2259:
2257:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2233:
2225:
2224:
2217:
2211:
2206:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2162:
2156:
2151:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2123:
2120:
2118:9780520249912
2114:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2098:
2096:
2089:
2083:
2079:
2078:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2008:
2007:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1942:§§ 26–29
1939:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1879:
1874:
1866:
1859:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1762:
1755:
1752:
1747:
1741:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1715:
1708:
1705:
1700:
1693:
1690:
1685:
1678:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1647:
1646:BuzzFeed News
1643:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1559:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1477:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1394:
1389:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1317:
1313:
1311:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1179:
1176:
1171:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1136:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1114:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1032:Boris Johnson
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1004:
998:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
932:
930:
926:
922:
915:
910:
904:
903:United States
900:
896:
892:
885:
883:
877:Other legends
876:
874:
864:
859:
855:
851:
843:
836:
835:Public Palace
832:
828:
824:
820:
813:
811:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
792:Field of Mars
789:
785:
780:
778:
774:
769:
763:
760:
756:
752:
748:
747:Mount Algidus
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
713:
709:
705:
700:
694:
684:
680:
673:
671:
668:
667:
663:
659:
655:
647:
643:
638:
631:
627:
623:
618:
611:
606:
604:
601:
597:
594:
585:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
557:BC rescue of
552:
548:
545:BC defeat of
540:
539:Mount Algidus
536:
532:
524:
519:
517:
513:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
480:
478:
474:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
450:
442:
438:
429:
427:
423:
421:
420:
414:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
383:
380:
376:
375:Roman Kingdom
356:
347:
335:
333:
331:
329:
326:
322:
318:
314:
308:
306:
302:
297:
287:
279:
275:
274:
269:
264:
262:
258:
254:
251:of the early
250:
246:
242:
239:
234:
218:
209:
205:
202:(458 BC)
201:
198:
194:
189:
185:
182:
181:Quinctia gens
179:
175:
169:
166:
164:
161:
159:
156:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
135:(458, 439 BC)
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
93:
89:
79:
75:
71:
64:
60:
56:
50:
45:
38:
33:
19:
2229:
2223:Roman consul
2221:
2195:, retrieved
2191:the original
2186:
2174:
2159:
2130:
2107:
2094:
2075:
2055:
2039:
2035:
2006:
2002:
1980:
1954:
1940:, Book III,
1936:
1912:
1888:
1858:
1849:
1839:
1830:
1820:
1811:
1801:
1793:The Atlantic
1792:
1779:
1766:The Guardian
1764:
1754:
1716:. New York.
1713:
1707:
1698:
1692:
1683:
1677:
1664:
1654:
1645:
1635:
1617:
1593:
1585:
1577:
1572:, III, § 27.
1569:
1561:
1551:
1538:, III, § 26.
1535:
1508:
1503:, III, § 14.
1500:
1492:
1484:
1476:
1468:
1460:
1455:, III, § 35.
1452:
1444:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1404:
1396:
1387:
1381:
1371:
1366:
1353:
1319:
1309:
1275:
1253:
1248:
1240:
1232:
1225:Niebuhr 1828
1220:
1210:
1205:
1185:
1178:
1158:
1151:
1125:
1116:
1103:
1091:
1040:
1029:
1014:
1007:
1001:
999:
952:
948:Mount Vernon
933:
918:
880:
839:
826:
795:
781:
764:
759:Roman Senate
716:
706:(1793–1863)
692:
664:
634:
586:
575:
520:
496:rebel slaves
481:
464:constitution
456:codification
430:
426:curly haired
415:
368:
332:
321:written code
309:
298:
270:
265:
261:civic virtue
257:Roman virtue
216:
215:
196:Battles/wars
1867:. Substack.
1785:Frum, David
1423:, §§ 23–30.
751:Alban Hills
690: 1806
666:in absentia
578:decemvirate
576:During the
419:Cincinnatus
112:Nationality
2256:Categories
2009:, New York
1628:Cincinnati
1600:, p.
1515:, p.
1471:, IV, § 6.
1435:, p.
1388:On Old Age
1354:DGRB&M
1326:, p.
1254:DGRB&M
1243:, I, § 30.
1144:References
1131:Lord Byron
959:Henry Knox
925:Cincinnato
921:Cincinnato
895:Cincinnati
531:Roman army
460:Roman laws
393:Alba Longa
284:BC and as
228: 430
226: – c.
224: 519
98: 430
84: 519
63:Cincinnati
2197:28 August
1740:cite book
1732:864356553
1620:, 9th ed.
1133:'s 1814 "
1046:announced
1043:Joe Biden
987:Louis XVI
944:president
823:Beccafumi
658:Etruscans
644:from the
622:sculpture
547:Praeneste
468:patrician
379:patrician
313:plebeians
245:statesman
241:patrician
105: 89
100:BC (aged
2297:Quinctii
2015:citation
1978:(1828).
1831:The Hill
1771:Archived
1662:(1814),
1622:(1878),
1386:Cicero,
1052:See also
963:officers
755:horsemen
731:Frascati
727:Tusculum
721:BC, the
598:alleged
567:tribunes
563:Hannibal
523:dictator
447:BC, the
413:cognomen
391:city of
385:Quinctia
286:dictator
236:) was a
151:Children
133:Dictator
129:(460 BC)
2005:Vol. IV
1875:Sources
1586:History
1570:History
1536:History
1501:History
1485:History
1469:History
1453:History
1421:History
1405:History
1241:History
981:of the
965:of the
923:). The
901:in the
777:lictors
749:in the
593:prefect
571:perjury
512:suffect
500:Sabines
473:clients
458:of the
449:tribune
439:by the
146:Racilia
57:at his
2115:
2097:
2038:Vol. I
1960:
1923:
1917:Book I
1909:Florus
1901:
1895:Book X
1730:
1720:
1624:Vol. V
1554:(1914)
1390:, § 16
1374:(1878)
1356:(1867)
1312:(1879)
1278:(1911)
1256:(1867)
1213:(1878)
1193:
1166:
1109:
1096:Cicero
897:, the
886:Legacy
871:
867:
846:
743:Sabine
719:
717:In 458
650:
626:Vienna
607:Legend
589:
582:
555:
553:'s 217
543:
527:
508:
504:consul
445:
433:
409:
401:consul
371:
294:
290:
288:in 458
282:
280:in 460
247:, and
230:
177:Family
143:Spouse
127:Consul
120:Office
67:
59:plough
55:fasces
2230:with
1903:23–25
1850:Salon
1670:§ XIX
1084:Notes
979:union
929:Anzio
831:Siena
784:Forum
773:Tiber
723:Aequi
712:Paris
646:Forum
637:Caeso
561:from
516:Tiber
486:that
477:Caeso
441:Aequi
437:raids
389:Latin
301:Aequi
296:BC.
238:Roman
115:Roman
2199:2007
2113:ISBN
2021:link
1932:Livy
1746:link
1728:OCLC
1718:ISBN
1582:Livy
1566:Livy
1552:NSRW
1532:Livy
1497:Livy
1481:Livy
1465:Livy
1449:Livy
1417:Livy
1401:Livy
1237:Livy
1191:ISBN
1164:ISBN
993:and
971:Navy
969:and
953:The
856:his
808:yoke
737:and
654:bail
620:The
549:and
403:was
382:clan
336:Life
330:.
328:laws
268:Livy
91:Died
77:Born
70:Ohio
2000:",
1626:, "
1602:240
1517:204
1437:319
1328:205
833:'s
825:'s
685:'s
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395:by
323:of
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1952:,
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1267:^
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1962:4
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