390:
368:
386:; he took part in its labors and co-organized a grand “Homenaje al idioma vasco”, hailed among “conocidos cultivadores del euskera”. In the late 1910s he contributed to emergence of Sociedad de Estudios Vascos and took part in its “Subcomisión de autonomía de Vizcaya”, entrusted with drafting an autonomy scheme. In 1920-1922 he represented the province of Biscay in Junta Permanente of SEV; from 1923 until death he again was member of the SEV executive; he represented the Traditionalist outlook. Periodically Lezama headed Sección de Historia and Sección de Literatura of the Society; in the early 1920s he was delegated to Junta de Cultura de la Diputación de Vizcaya. In 1927-1928 he entered the SEV committee which was to prepare the most ambitious undertaking so far, an exposition on the 19th-century civil wars in Vascongadas. As the project was flavored with Carlist undertones, eventually the interior ministry effectively prohibited the exposition.
445:
the family of his wife, the
Zuazolas. Lezama multiplied the treasure; for decades he kept searching private, parochial and conventual archives and spent personal fortune on purchases. In the early 1920s his library was considered “mas copiosa y mas importante de las bibliotecas vascongadas”, and himself he was dubbed “doctísimo bibliofilo”. The collection, estimated to be one of the largest in Spain, occupied entire wing of Lezama's palace in Getxo; apart from Basque-related treasures it included also non-Basque documents related to Spanish history. In total, the collection amounted to 45,000 volumes; the owner admitted access to scholars and shared some documents with various institutions. Almost entire library was lost during the fire of December 1937, caused by malfunction of the heating system.
501:
474:, the Bilbao daily launched in 1901. It was part of the Catholic counter-offensive against the rising secularization tide and adhered to the “unity of all Catholics” platform, at the time advocated by the hierarchy; it mounted “oposición a ultranza” versus the liberal policy of Canalejas government, especially against the Ley de Asociaciones. Lezama co-founded the daily and provided own financial contribution; similarly, in 1904 he engaged in somewhat broader media initiative, setup of a Bilbao publishing house, Editorial Vizcaina; he served as its vice-president. At least until the late 1910s the Lezama brothers were key owners of
275:
544:
489:. In the late 1900s he was active in Junta de Defensa Católica de Vizcaya, a non-party association bent on confronting secular initiatives in the province. He set up and financially contributed to a foundation which supported schools in Etxebarri; the Lezamas donated money for construction of new churches in the same district. For years Luis acted as secretary of Junta del Santo Hospital Civil de Bilbao. His charity donations went also beyond the religious format: in the early 1920s he offered assistance to wounded soldiers, recovering from the
454:
622:
224:
346:
1223:, pp. 50, 81. In 1961 he refused to offer to become the Biscay jefé senioral, Vázquez de Prada 2016, p. 129. In 1961 he presented a car to Don Carlos Hugo, the gift disguised as coming from the town of Durango, Vázquez de Prada 2016, p. 172. In 1962 Fernando hosted Don Carlos Hugo in his Neguri palace; the visit was intended to impress and enable Don Carlos Hugo to mix up with local high society, Javier Lavardín ,
535:. Until his late years Lezama used to take part in musical events, e.g. in 1928 he participated in Congreso Nacional de la Música Sagrada and upon death was acknowledged as “músico eminente”. During a few strings in Casa Lezama-Leguizamón at the Bilbao Gran Vía he hosted cultural institutions related and unrelated to music, like Teatro de la Cámara Amarilla and Teatro del Submarino.
31:
200:
conglomerates in Biscay. He married María
Concepción Sagarminaga Zabala, descendant to a less affluent, but prestigious Basque family. The couple had 2 sons, Luis born as the younger one. Nothing is known about his early education; later he was prepared to take over the family business and at unspecified time, though most likely in the late 1880s, he studied engineering in
167:
254:; neither José survived the conflict. Manuel also served as requeté and in the Francoist Spain he emerged as head of the family business conglomerate; Fernando was involved in Carlism until the 1960s. Most of Luis’ grandchildren landed corporate managerial positions, but did not grow to nationwide prominence; the exceptions are
306:. Some mines were equipped with transportation systems or washeries which provided services to competitive companies; part of their infrastructure was so advanced that it gained scientific articles. It is estimated that the Lezama conglomerate accounted for some 5-6% of the Biscay iron ore production, and even during the
1619:
e.g. the mine La Pobre was equipped with “instalaciones de lavado” which were made available to neighboring mines of
Conchas, San Benito, La Berga, Despreciada, San Martín, Alhóndiga, Altura, San Bernabé and others, initially owned by Ibarra Hermanos y Cia, and later by Sociedad Franco-Belga, Villar,
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Lezama's grandchildren bore the surnames of Vargas Lezama-Leguizamón, Murua Lezama-Leguizamón, Lezama-Leguizamón
Chalbaud, Lezama Leguizamón Dolagaray, Lezama Leguizamón Aranduy, Lezama Leguizamón Acha, Gil de Santibáñes de Lezama Leguizamón, Pérez de Lezama Leguizamón, Jaquotot de Lezama Leguizamón,
290:
iron ore mines in
Etxebarri and Ollargan. Until the late 1890s the Lezamas were granted 5 more mining licenses and ranked as 6th most successful concessionaires in Biscay. At the turn of the centuries they attempted to restructure their mining portfolio; in 1895 the brothers sold Sociedad Coto Minero
310:
it produced some 110-122 thousand tons. In the 1920s, when the Biscay mining was undergoing transformation and family-held companies were being replaced with bank ownership, the
Lezamas held firm. For decades engaged in lawsuits against municipal authorities and subject to legal investigation as far
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Potentially most significant, but ultimately futile and tragic Lezama's efforts to protect the Basque heritage were related to his bibliophile passion. He inherited a collection of manuscripts and old prints from his maternal relative, Zabala; another portion of historical texts was taken over from
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who vehemently opposed the
Carlists, and Lezama's father did not engage in politics, it is unclear how Luis and Manuel got involved in the movement. Hagiographic obituaries claimed Luis had been “attracted to Traditionalism in his youth”, but there is no confirmation of access until 1892, when the
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The Lezama
Leguizamóns are not counted among the very top elite of Biscay industrial tycoons, formed by the Ybarra, Martínez Rivas, Chávarri, Sota and Echevarrieta families; however, they are listed as members of the emergent Basque oligarchy; their name repeatedly comes up in history of Biscay
185:
and were army suppliers. The great-grandfather of Luis, Juan
Antonio de Lezama Jugo, was the first one to call himself Lezama Leguizamón; the surname incorporated the name of a related distinguished branch, which was about to extinguish. The grandfather of Luis, Gregorio Lezama Leguizamón Eguia
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the Junta declared itself unable to support the autonomy project and viewed it as a step back compared to the earlier draft, so-called
Estella statute; the Junta criticized the draft for it secular tone and not adhering to foral traditions. However, the Junta still declared that they saw some
199:
The youngest son of Gregorio, Manuel Lezama Leguizamón Aldama (1817-1884), inherited part of the family business and developed it further on. He kept obtaining new mining concessions, counted among “destacados miembros de las élites bilbaína” and owned one of the most successful industrial
1163:, p. 92. Initially he was in command layer of Tercio de la Virgen Blanca, but then moved to Tercio Ortiz de Zárate, Aróstegui 2013, p. 443; since the summer of 1937 he served in Tercio de Nuestra Señora de Begoña, Aróstegui 2013, p. 498; he died as captain, Aróstegui 2013, p. 506
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in the downtown Bilbao, home to numerous corporate and other institutions, and Palacio Lezama-Leguizamón, the family residential estate in Getxo. Both are considered iconic examples of Biscay architecture, made possible by fortunes of the new industrial and financial oligarchy.
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Lezama was a devoted music lover, active in Sociedad Filarmónica de Bilbao; in 1904 he rose to vice-president of the organisation. As he contributed financially, in 1909 the Sociedad organized him a homage concerto; its program included the first public performance of
638:
in corpore. In the united organisation in 1932 Lezama was nominated the party provincial Biscay leader and later represented the provincial party organization in the nationwide executive. The same year he entered the Carlist junta which inspected the draft of
367:
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During the maturing disagreement between de Mella and Don Jaime both Lezama brothers sided with the former and supported the promellista concept of broader alliances. When the conflict erupted in the climax of 1919, the Lezamas joined the rebel
237:
In 1894, Luis married Felicia Zuazola Escuza (1875–1958), descendant to a noble Gipuzkoan family. The couple settled at the Lezama estate in Etxebarri, but in the early 20th century Luis purchased from his cousin a residential building in
1497:"Santa Regina" (Gueñes y Alonsótegui, the mine of low productivity), "Abandonada" (in coto de Miribilla), "Diana" (equipped with complex transportation system), José Eugenio Villar, Beatriz Herreras Moratinos, Antonio Hernández Almaraz,
1389:
in the period of 1886-1898 the companies granted most concessions were: Ybarra hermanos (22), Chávarri hermanos (12), Luchana Mining (8), C.M. Ustara (7), J.C. Levisson (6), Lezama Leguizamon (5), and J. B. Cortes (5), Ramallal 2020, p.
809:
so-called Molino Zubiondo, located at the left bank of the Nervion in Etxebarri, the mill was originally the property of the Leguizamón family. It passed to the Lezamas when the families merged, some time prior to the mid-18th century,
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on March 13, 1933 Lezama for the first time took part in public, co-presiding a Carlist-organized gathering in Bilbao to protest the secular governmental policy. However, he was not reported as speaker; those addressing the crowd were
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within the Carlist heterogeneous regional executive network Lezama Leguizamón acted as Delegado Regio para el Señorio de Vizcaya; he was also a member of Junta Suprema Vasco Navarra (representing Biscay; other members were Oriol,
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one scholar claims that the history of Basque industrial oligarchy falls into 3 periods: “etapa de formación” (1872-1900), “etapa de consolidación’ (1900-1021), and “etapa de depuración” (1921-1936), Pablo Díaz Morlán,
599:
and Ignacio Gardeazábal. In the early 1920s Luis and Manuel supported the Mellistas in their struggle to set up a separate organisation; in 1922 Luis covered huge part of massive debt, accumulated by the Mellista daily
334:; for decades Luis held a seat in its executive and in the late 1920s he was its rotating president; he stepped down from Consejo de Administración in the early 1930s. The Lezamas invested also in construction works in
629:
Following the fall of the monarchy Lezama, at the time together with Ampuero already the patriarch of Biscay Traditionalism, was strongly leaning towards some rapprochement with the Jaimistas, especially prior to the
246:. The couple had 7 children, born between 1898 and 1906; 4 sons and 3 daughters. The oldest son, Luis Lezama Leguizamón Zuazola, was the provincial Carlist leader in the mid-1930s; he died of typhus when fighting as
3264:
643:; the body eventually refrained from issuing firm recommendations. Few months before death Lezama, who has barely been noted on massive rallies, co-presided over a grand Carlist political gathering in Bilbao.
634:. Lezama's return to orthodox Carlism was sealed by his presence at the funeral of Don Jaime in Paris and his leading of local funeral ceremonies in Biscay; the hardly active Bilbao Mellista structures joined
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he was active in Carlist conspiracy of 1936, following the failed coup of July 1936 he went into hiding, made it to France, and crossed back to Spain to the Nationalist zone, Carlos María Olazabal Estecha,
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and the richest vein of iron ore in Europe, located in Biscay. In the mid-19th century he obtained a number of mining concessions and in the 1850s formed an emergent new social class of industrial moguls.
190:
in Biscay, he turned major protagonist of industrial revolution in the province. Initially owner of an ironworks mill, he engaged in industrial-scale iron mining, made possible thanks to introduction of
606:. The party failed to materialize before the Primo coup. In 1924 both brothers co-signed a manifesto, which pledged support to the dictator; though they declared that no Traditionalist could accept the
1198:
in the 1950s and 1960s the Lezama Leguizamon mines ranked 3rd among iron ore producers in Biscay, behind Orconera and Sociedad Franco-Belga; the annual output varied between 120,000 and 175,000 tons,
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he was alcalde segundo and then alcalde primero of Bilbao in the 1810s, Jefe Político of Biscay 1837-1839 and corregidor de Vizcaya in the late 1830s, Luis Ma de Zavala y Fernández de Heredia (ed.),
1227:, Paris 1976, pp. 125-126. In 1966 Fernando was member of Consejo Asesor de la Jefatura Delegada, a grand 36-member body formed during a Huguista reform, Francisco Javier Caspistegui Gorasurreta,
1734:
in 1922 Luis Lezama was in Britain, interrogated by a parliamentary committee which investigated complaints related to British investment in the Biscay mining industry; the proceedings involved
523:. In 1926-1933 he served as president of Sociedad. His bibliophile collection included treasuries of musical history; in case of some, he donated them, e.g. in 1927 he presented a manuscript of
2011:
apart from estates in downtown Bilbao and in Getxo, Lezama owned houses in Achuri, Ollerías, Guinea, Torre de Aguirre, Arcocha Becoa and Uruzulueta, all at the ouskirts of Bilbao, Estornes 2019
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industrialization and their companies are listed among the most important ones in Bilbao in the first decades of the 20th century. Their wealth and position was demonstrated by two buildings:
571:
in Spain; in 1909 together with de Mella they attended the funeral Carlos VII. In the 1910s Lezama was moderately engaged in party propaganda; in 1911 he took part in a banquette to honor
481:
In the early 20th century Lezama was active in numerous other religion-related initiatives. In 1905-1906 he served as treasurer in Junta Directiva which organized diocesan pilgrimages to
1180:
blog 25.07.09 . According to Silvia Baleztena, seven members of the Lezama Leguizamon Zuazola family were "asesinados por los rojos", referred after Larraz, Sierra-Sesumaga 2011, p. 917
318:
Lezama engaged in numerous other initiatives, mostly related to his mining business. In the 1890s he was among stakeholders of La Robla, a new railway line which linked Bilbao with
429:, was dedicated to an early vascólogist and brother of his maternal grandmother. Despite rather modest output, at least compared to scientific writings of other SEV leaders like
3057:), Moral Roncal 2009, p. 78. Lezama's wife, Felisa Zuazola de Lezama Leguizamón, was president of the Carlist provincial female organization, the Margaritas, Cesar Estornes,
2868:
the group of promellista dissenters in the Jaimist Biscay ranks was known as La Pińa, ridiculed by orthodox Jaimistas as “piñosos con boinas”, Juan Ramón de Andrés Martín,
177:
The Lezama family is among the oldest in Vascongadas, traced back to the 12th century; one branch settled in Biscay. Some of its representatives rose to high posts in
2791:
in 1909 Lezama travelled with de Mella to attend the funeral of Carlos VII. Due to poor train connections in France they arrived too late, one day after the funeral,
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e.g. in August 1933 May Lezama in name of the Biscay Junta Regional signed a general appeal to Spanish Traditionalists, issued by the nationwide Carlist executive,
2952:
as basis for activity, they nevertheless with this reservation recommend that every Traditionalist UP, “having watched with sympathy the movement of September 13”,
2059:
Estornés Zubizarreta 1983, p. 68; the same author in another work claims that Lezama was member of Junta Permanente in 1926-1936, Estornés Zubizarreta 1990, p. 282
1891:
in the interwar period Lezama was engaged in distribution of Spanish films in Latin America and held related discussions with RKO, also when visiting New York,
870:
the first note on Lezama Leguizamón Aldama obtaining new licenses comes from the 1860s, when he was concessioned to exploit the Nuestra Señora de Begoña mine,
614:. However, there is little evidence of Luis’ active engagement in primoderiverista structures; the exception is his membership in the 1928 homage committee to
286:
With his brother Manuel, Luis was co-owner of Hijos de Lezama Leguizamón-Negocios de Minería, the company which owned the inherited business; it consisted of
2320:. The collection contained also documents related to the broad realm of Hispanidad, e.g. papers of Manoel de Nobrega, the first Jesuit provincial of Brasil,
262:
bronze Olympics medalist in 1960) and Ramón Vargas Lezama-Leguizamón (a painter). Among other Luis’ relatives, his older brother Manuel was deputy mayor of
382:. As a wealthy businessman he was best positioned to contribute organization wise. In 1916 he engaged in Euskal Esnalea, an association set up to study
2426:
302:
At one time or another the Lezamas operated some 15 mines in Biscay and Asturias; the jewel in the crown was "Abandonada", an iron ore opencast pit in
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he died in 1936. Circumstances of his death are not clear. One source claims he was killed or murdered by the Republicans, Angel David Martín Rubio,
326:; both regions provided coal, needed for the Biscay iron industry. In the 1910s he was involved in engineering projects related to regulation of the
295:. Apart from new licenses in Biscay, in the 1910s the Lezamas obtained further concessions in Asturias; along coal they covered also exploitation of
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in Venice. There is sporadic evidence of Lezama's Carlist engagements during the following few decades. In 1903 Luis hosted the Carlist theorist
418:
205:
1923:
Lezama was member of numerous corporative bodies, like Camara Minera de Vizcaya, Centro Industrial de Vizcaya and Liga Vizcaina de Productores,
3314:
3094:
advantages of the draft. Eventually, they recommended that every individual does what follows his/her own conscience, Víctor Manuel Arbeloa,
2694:
a monographic study on Basque Carlism in the 19th century does not list the names of Lezama or Leguizamón a single time, Javier Real Cuesta,
1875:
in 1913 the Lezamas were in Consejo de Administracion of Sociedad Estudios y Obras de Ingeniería, a company engaged in works also in Canada,
2644:
Gregorio Lezama Leguizamón Eguia moved from the early “exaltado” wing of the Liberals to a somewhat less radical “fuerista” faction later on
3319:
2674:
the only public post identified, held by Manuel, was this of Consultor suplente del Señorío de Vizcaya in the early 1860s, Cesar Estornes,
1706:
see e.g. a 1909 lawsuit against Real Decreto which declared expropiación forzosa of grounds marked to become part of the Abandonada mine,
890:
she was daughter to the sister of Juan Mateo de Zabala Zabala, who in turn married Juan Manuel de Sagarminaga, Luis de Lazama Leguizamón,
874:, vol. 3, Madrid 1884, p. 346. The last note is from the early 1880s, when he got a concession to exploit the Acebal mine near Baracaldo,
3274:
1767:. In the early 1930s until death Lezama was member of the newly created republican arbitrary board, Jurado Mixto de Minería de Vizcaya,
757:
700:
464:
Apart from his vascólogist endeavors, Lezama was engaged in numerous other cultural initiatives, most strongly flavored with zealous
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1961:
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some of them limited to private, e.g. in 1897 he acted as godfather to children of a Protestant Englishmen, who resided in Bilbao,
580:
438:
1211:
mid-1950s Fernando was heading one group of Biscay Carlists tending towards collaboration with Franco, Mercedes Vázquez de Prada,
602:
3254:
1521:. Mines named "Bienvenidas", "Segundo Esteban", "Lanillos" and "Regato" were located an unclear areas of Biscay, Cesar Estornes,
1240:
274:
3284:
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572:
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in 1903 the Lezamas requested (and obtained) concession for a mine named Demasía a Colunga in Asturias, in the Carrandi area,
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640:
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and politician. As a businessman he kept developing the family-owned mining conglomerate, which controlled part of iron ore,
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Pedro Muruá Lezama-Leguizamón (1930-2019) was a regular member of the Spanish national field-hockey team in the early 1960s
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to pay homage to Don Jaime, and in few cases he appeared on closed-doors Jaimista feasts, e.g. in 1917 in Azcoitia with
740:
the Leguizamón lineage was related to Etxebarri, currently a suburb of Bilbao, where they owned an iconic mansion, see
208:
and Luis set up Hijos de Lezama Leguizamón company, which owned the family business; Luis inherited also 13 ha between
3249:
1037:
the Zuazolas were based in the county of from Azpeitia. Felisa was daughter to Pedro José Aniceto Zuazola Gazteluzar,
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635:
319:
3011:. The Lezama father and son arrived with a bag of Biscay soil to be deposited in Don Jaime's grave, Cesar Estornes,
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330:, vital for iron ore transportation and exploitation. In the early 20th century the Lezamas engaged financially in
1949:
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and linguistic issues. Other attempts are largely bibliographical and partially biographical pieces published in
672:
243:
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478:; Luis remained in executive of the company and died as Presidente del Consejo de Administración of the daily.
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135:
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404:(1921), a 47-page commentary on a 16th-century chronicle, just purchased by the Biscay diputación; it covered
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Manuel Lezama Leguizamón died in 1924; at this point Luis became head of the family, also in political terms
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of the 5 concessions obtained 3 referret to the Bilbao area, 1 to Gueñes and 1 to Triano, Gabriel Ramallal,
1337:
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611:
227:
1739:
652:
615:
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312:
143:
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in SEV Lezama represented a broad “familia carlista”; other its representatives were Antonio Paguaga and
1796:
748:. The Leguizamons have been known especially for their role in conquest of America, see Cesar Estornes,
584:
568:
547:
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Mitigation of adverse effects at the Lezama-Leguizamon abandoned open-pit mine (Bilbao, northern Spain)
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Mitigation of adverse effects at the Lezama-Leguizamon abandoned open-pit mine (Bilbao, northern Spain)
453:
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the Lezamas originated from Alava; one branch moved to Biscay in the Middle Ages, Juan José González,
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1880:
1711:
1501:, Bilbao 2008, p. 170; "La Pobre", Villar, Herreras, Hernández 2008, p. 145; "Faja", Cesar Estornes,
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Luis (1901-1937), José Fernando (1902-?), José (1906-1936) and Manuel (1907-1987), Antonio Castejón,
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504:
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186:(1781–1857), was the one who transformed the family into business tycoons. Though one of the largest
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181:; the Biscay branch, apart from having been among largest landholders in the region, specialized as
595:; though they counted among their most eminent personalities, in Biscay the dissenters were led by
555:
486:
192:
2948:
the Lezama brothers and the José Ampuero claimed that though no Traditionalist could accept the
1105:
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Manuel and Luis at times get confused in historiography, see e.g. José Luis de la Granja Sainz,
777:
493:, and made donations to offer accommodation to the deposed Austrian empress and Hungarian queen
1714:. The Lezamas had many differences with the city councils of Bilbao and Getxo, Cesar Estornes,
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Rafael Ruzafa Ortega, J. Antonio Pérez, Francisco Javier Montón Martínez, Santiago de la Hoz,
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like alcalde de Madrid or members of Consejo de Castilla (both 17th century), Cesar Estornes,
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155:
139:
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425:
154:, and then again as a Carlist; in the early 1930s he held the provincial party jefatura in
2312:(1587) by Fray Juan de Victoria, or letters of Isabel the Catholic referring to Columbus,
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Abandonada was one of the 2 largest iron ore mines in Biscay, Arturo Izarzelaia Izagirre,
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the company Hijos de Lezama Leguizamón was active at least since 1895, Juan Peris Torner,
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in Bilbao; later he mixed with Carlists in Catholic organizations. In 1907 he accompanied
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331:
307:
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La evolución de la oligarquía vizcaína, 1872-1936. Un intento de intepretación y síntesis
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La evolución de la oligarquía vizcaína, 1872-1936. Un intento de intepretación y síntesis
520:
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in 1913 Manuel Lezama Leguizamón was Presidente de la Junta Tradicionalista de Vizcaya,
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La contrucción de una nacionalidad vasca. El Autonomismo de Eusko-Ikaskuntza (1918-1931)
291:
de Ollargan and in the early 1900s they received first anthracite mining concessions in
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30:
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La sociedad vasca del siglo XIX en la correspondencia del archivo de la casa de Zavala
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Informe acerca de la obra manuscrita conocida con el nombre de "Crónica de Ibargüen"
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see e.g. the 1928 decision related to prolongation of Lezama's mining concessions,
1735:
1450:
in 1915 the Lezamas were noted expoiting another mine, Encarnación, near Carrandi,
1332:
Hijos de Lezama Leguizamón operated at least one mine, named Carmen, in Etxebarri,
494:
405:
259:
2050:
in 1922 he was replaced by Ignacio G. de Careaga, Estornés Zubizarreta 1983, p. 45
1687:
Siglo y medio del ferrocarril en España, 1848-1998: Economía, industria y sociedad
266:
in the 1890s, provincial deputy in 1907-1911 and a Carlist senator in 1921–1923.
1213:
El final de una ilusión. Auge y declive del tradicionalismo carlista (1957-1967)
465:
413:
2216:
2123:
he was reportedly assisted by Darío Areitio and Julio Urquijo, Cesar Estornes,
142:
and contributed few scientific works himself. As a politician he supported the
3231:
524:
247:
187:
1907:
in 1929 Lezama entered Consejo de Administración of Photomatón in Barcelona,
1549:; the last note of the mine having been exploited by Lezama comes from 1924,
3198:
José Eugenio Villar, Beatriz Herreras Moratinos, Antonio Hernández Almaraz,
3037:
Apuntes y documentos para la historia del tradicionalismo español: 1939-1966
1685:., Javier Vidal Olivares, Miguel Muñoz Rubio, Jesús Sanz Fernández (eds.),
458:
339:
213:
201:
182:
170:
119:
1788:
1370:
Las minas de hierro de Villaodrid: El fracaso de un proyecto extraordinario
303:
209:
2985:
La cuestión religiosa en la Segunda República Española: Iglesia y carlismo
2144:
for details and online copy see Academica – E.Navarra service, available
2114:
Estornés Zubizarreta 1983, p. 131, Estornés Zubizarreta 1990, pp. 199-200
1017:
full name Felicia María Eloísa Rafaela Zuazola Escuza, Antonio Castejón,
662:
592:
583:. At the time Luis remained in the shadow of his brother, who headed the
409:
400:
Lezama's scientific contribution to vascólogia is minor. His key work is
323:
296:
292:
279:
217:
151:
131:
115:
59:
1189:
Manuel served in 8. Compañía de Requeté de Alava, Aróstegui 2013, p. 797
2182:
Boletín de la comisión de monumentos históricos y artisticos de Navarra
657:
490:
147:
123:
107:
95:
166:
1317:
Características y evolución de las elites en el País Vaco (1898-1923)
790:
Vizcaya en el siglo XIX: las finanzas publicas de un estado emergente
508:
335:
263:
178:
111:
44:
610:
as basis for further action, they nevertheless recommended entering
1683:
Los fundadores del ferrocarril hullero de La Robla a Valmaseda S. A
1243:
turned to him when in need of money, Vázquez de Prada 2016, p. 305
620:
576:
542:
532:
499:
452:
441:, in friendly press Lezama was hailed as “vascofilo ilustrísimo”.
366:
344:
273:
239:
231:
222:
165:
1174:
Relación general de personas asesinadas por los rojo-separatistas
482:
3227:
the Lezamas discussed on private blog of Cesar Estornes, part 2
3222:
the Lezamas discussed on private blog of Cesar Estornes, part 1
2162:
Hugo Schuchardt - Julio de Urquijo. Correspondencia (1906-1927)
378:
Lezama cherished his ethnic heritage and strove to promote the
1954:
Ethnicity and Violence: The Case of Radical Basque Nationalism
1629:
J. Saiz de Omeñaca, I. Ereño, K. Atxabal & I. Azurmendi,
3189:
La Gaceta del Norte, la espada laica de la Compañía de Jesús
2365:
La Gaceta del Norte, la espada laica de la Compañía de Jesús
1229:
El naufragio de las ortodoxias : el carlismo, 1962-1977
1110:
Combatientes Requetés en la Guerra Civil española, 1936-1939
1283:
550:
and the families of Manuel and Luis Lezama Leguizamón, 1913
338:, film-making industry in America and in photo business in
3265:
Politicians from the Basque Country (autonomous community)
1541:
since 1903 the Lezanas operated "Demasía a Colunga mine",
457:
Lezama (1fR) during construction of San Esteban church in
527:, consisting of separate vocal and instrumental parts of
3200:
La industria del agua en la CAV. Ingeniería y Patrimonio
3176:
J. Saiz de Omeñaca, I. Ereño, K. Atxabal, I. Azurmendi,
1499:
La industria del agua en la CAV. Ingeniería y Patrimonio
1153:
Negociaciones del PNV con Franco durante la Guerra Civil
2213:
El Vascófilo Franciscano R. P. Fr. Juan Mateo de Zabala
892:
El Vascófilo Franciscano R. P. Fr. Juan Mateo de Zabala
1225:
Historia del ultimo pretendiente a la corona de España
872:
Sentencias del Tribunal supremo de justicia: año de 18
3167:
La mineria vizcaina durante la Primera Guerra Mundial
2384:, and each brought in 25,000 ptas, Orella 2003, p. 54
1648:
La mineria vizcaina durante la Primera Guerra Mundial
1077:
Maria (1898-1901), Pilar (1905-?), Dolores (1910-?),
2870:
El cisma mellista. Historia de una ambición política
750:
Los Leguizamón el linaje más antiguo. Segunda parte
91:
83:
75:
67:
52:
37:
21:
554:As Lezama's paternal grandfather was a militant
104:Luis Dionisio de Lezama Leguizamón y Sagarminaga
1399:the sale price was 1m ptas, Juan Peris Torner,
814:entry, Etxebarri municipal service, available
768:opinion of Guillermo Leguizamón Mayol at Esme,
744:entry, Etxebarri municipal service, available
315:dictatorship they enjoyed favorable treatment.
134:. As a linguist he was a longtime executive of
2759:e.g. in Junta de Defensa Católica de Vizcaya,
1294:Joseba Agirreazkuenaga, Mikel Urquijo (eds.),
394:Informe acerca de ... "Crónica de Ibargüen"...
173:, the Leguizamon ancestral home (present view)
2775:and then travelled with Don Jaime to France,
997:Luisa Utanda Moreno, Francisco Feo Parrondo,
8:
1129:Pablo Larraz Andía, Víctor Sierra-Sesumaga,
909:Nacionalismo y II República en el País Vasco
896:Revista Internacional de los Estudios Vascos
419:Revista Internacional de los Estudios Vascos
1517:, municipal service of Basauri, available
1336:, municipal service of Basauri, available
1282:. See also his private web page, available
1515:Puente del ferrocarril minero de Gandarias
1334:Puente del ferrocarril minero de Gandarias
138:, owned one of the largest collections of
106:(1865 – 1933) was a Spanish entrepreneur,
29:
18:
1909:Hoja Oficial de la Provincia de Barcelona
1575:Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Oviedo
1567:Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Oviedo
1559:Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Oviedo
1557:; "Encarnación" was operated since 1915,
1551:Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Oviedo
1543:Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Oviedo
1483:Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Oviedo
1468:Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Oviedo
1452:Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Oviedo
1436:Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Oviedo
1421:Boletín Oficial de la Provincia de Oviedo
1401:Ferrocaril minero de Ollargan a Echevarri
1350:Ferrocaril minero de Ollargan a Echevarri
979:Ferrocaril minero de Ollargan a Echevarri
2904:El origen del primer católicismo Español
1610:Villar, Herreras, Hernández 2008, p. 170
1253:and Malo de Molina de Lezama Leguizamón.
388:
2081:Estornés Zubizarreta 1990, pp. 282, 283
1200:Programa nacional de explotacion minera
688:
204:. Following the death of their father,
3305:Spanish book and manuscript collectors
2575:Understanding Boccherini's Manuscripts
1239:, p. 100. In 1967 the Huguista leader
242:, later re-modeled and to be known as
2156:Bernhard Hurch, Maria Jose Kerejeta,
2105:Estornés Zubizarreta 1983, pp. 40, 68
2022:La idea de historia en Arturo Campión
1466:in the Ribadasella mine near Oviedo,
1131:Requetés: de las trincheras al olvido
575:, in 1913 both brothers travelled to
7:
3160:Ekonomiaz: Revista vasca de economía
3096:Navarra y los estatutos de autonomía
3059:Los Lezama Leguizamón. Segunda parte
3013:Los Lezama Leguizamón. Segunda parte
2676:Los Lezama Leguizamón. Segunda parte
2626:Los Lezama Leguizamón. Segunda parte
2493:Los Lezama Leguizamón. Segunda parte
2404:Los Lezama Leguizamon. Segunda parte
2125:Los Lezama Leguizamón. Segunda parte
1984:Los Lezama Leguizamon. Segunda parte
1716:Los Lezama Leguizamon. Segunda parte
1670:Ekonomiaz: Revista vasca de economía
1523:Los Lezama Leguizamon. Segunda parte
1503:Los Lezama Leguizamon. Segunda parte
668:Manuel Lezama Leguizamón Sagarminaga
697:Bandera de la Anteiglesia de Lezama
497:, who was seeking exile in Bilbao.
424:El Vascófilo Franciscano R. P. Fr.
16:Spanish entrepreneur and politician
2072:, Estornés Zubizarreta 1983, p. 60
1272:Vargas Lezama-Leguizamón, Ramón de
641:vasco-navarrese autonomous statute
299:, plaster and anhydrite deposits.
23:Luis Lezama Leguizamón Sagarminaga
14:
3235:, contemporary Carlist propaganda
2041:Estornés Zubizarreta 1990, p. 126
3310:Spanish financial businesspeople
3039:, vols. 1-3, Seville 1979, p. 28
1620:Herreras, Hernández 2008, p. 145
1565:; "Ribadesella" also from 1915,
3213:Lezama genealogical history at
2543:Jesús Guridi o la luz del Norte
1861:Gaceta de Los Caminos de Hierro
699:, Bilbao 2008, p. 8, available
2777:La Correspondencia de Valencia
2299:(1585) by Diego de Salvatierra
2297:República y governo de Vitoria
1681:Pedro Fernandez Diaz-Sarabia,
950:La Sociedad de Estudios Vascos
150:, in 1919–1931 as a breakaway
1:
3171:Revista de Historia Economica
2295:e.g. the collection included
2262:Aunamendi Eusko Entziklopedia
1781:Proyecto Ferrocarril La Robla
1652:Revista de Historia Economica
1407:service, 07.05.12, available
1356:servoce, 07.05.12, available
1276:Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia
985:service, 07.05.12, available
256:Pedro Muruá Lezama-Leguizamón
3315:Spanish industrial engineers
3173:4/2 (1986), pp. 365–387
2512:La Correspondencia de España
2380:there were 7 co-founders of
1808:La Correspondencia de España
1771:2/XIII (February 1934), p. 7
999:Propiedad rústica en Vizcaya
948:Idoia Estornés Zubizarreta,
856:La Correspondencia de España
826:Agirreazkuenaga 1989, p. 308
3320:Spanish publishers (people)
3063:Blog de Historia y Deportes
3017:Blog de Historia y Deportes
2915:Orella Martínez 2003, p. 58
2902:José Luis Orella Martínez,
2696:El carlismo vasco 1876-1900
2680:Blog de Historia y Deportes
2630:Blog de Historia y Deportes
2497:Blog de Historia y Deportes
2281:Rutas autoguiadas por Getxo
2211:Luis de Lezama Leguizamón,
2129:Blog de Historia y Deportes
1936:Díaz Morlán 2003, pp. 14-17
1925:Boletín Minero e Industrial
1769:Boletín Minero e Industrial
1750:vol. 13 (1922), pp. 101-102
1591:Los barrios altos de Bilbao
754:Blog de Historia y Deportes
717:Blog de Historia y Deportes
468:. The most lasting one was
422:in the 1920s; one of them,
136:Sociedad de Estudios Vascos
3346:
3275:Basque Carlist politicians
962:Idoia Estornés Zubizarreta
519:, the first major work of
311:as in Britain, during the
3195:51 (2003), pp. 49–62
3184:22 (1993), pp. 10–12
3162:54 (2003), pp. 12–27
3033:Alberto Ruiz de Galarreta
2983:Antonio M. Moral Roncal,
2410:blog 14.11.19, available
2277:Palacio Lezama-Leguizamón
1990:blog 14.11.19, available
1722:blog 14.11.19, available
1529:blog 14.11.19, available
1509:blog 14.11.19, available
1296:Bilbao desde sus alcaldes
876:La Ilustración Cantábrica
776:blog 17.07.15, available
713:Los Lezama. Primera parte
673:Palacio Lezama Leguizamón
244:Palacio Lezama Leguizamón
228:Palacio Lezama-Leguizamon
28:
2891:La historia del carlismo
1816:La Actualidad Financiera
1748:Lloyd's List Law Reports
788:Joseba Agirreazkuenaga,
636:Comunión Tradicionalista
587:organisation in Biscay.
3255:Spanish Roman Catholics
1298:, vol. 3, Bilbao 2002,
968:, Donostia 1990, p. 282
573:Traditionalist deputies
3285:Spanish bibliographers
3270:Basque anthropologists
2541:Asler Vallejo Ugarte,
2336:, 10.11.23, available
1879:830 (1913), available
1740:Thomas Edward Scrutton
1710:619 (1909), available
1573:; "Felisa" from 1916,
1405:Ferrocariles de España
1354:Ferrocariles de España
1321:Historia contemporánea
983:Ferrocariles de España
774:Conoce Bilbao con Esme
678:Casa Lezama-Leguizamon
626:
603:El Pensamiento Español
551:
511:
505:Casa Lezama-Leguizamón
461:
397:
375:
356:Casa Lezama-Leguizamón
350:
283:
234:
174:
3290:Spanish ethnographers
3233:Por Dios y por España
3182:Environmental Geology
3031:Manuel de Santa Cruz
2906:, Madrid 2012, p. 182
2893:, Madrid 1965, p. 454
2632:30.09.19, available
2131:30.09.19, available
1635:Environmental Geology
1039:Felisa Zuazola Escuza
1005:19 (1996), available
624:
546:
517:Así cantan los chicos
503:
456:
392:
370:
348:
277:
226:
169:
3295:Linguists from Spain
3139:13.03.33, available
3110:16.05.32, available
3106:, pp. 384-385, also
3081:12.08.35, available
3065:30.09.19, available
3019:30.09.19, available
3007:09.10.31, available
2971:09.03.28, available
2956:27.10.24, available
2927:22.11.22, available
2856:05.05.13, available
2840:06.08.17, available
2825:05.05.13, available
2810:04.01.11, available
2795:21.02.19, available
2779:12.04.07, available
2763:04.12.06, available
2747:19.10.03, available
2732:14.12.92, available
2717:25.08.33, available
2682:30.09.19, available
2612:16.10.33, available
2597:24.10.28, available
2561:16.08.33, available
2529:03.02.04, available
2514:07.05.23, available
2499:30.09.19, available
2479:04.12.06, available
2464:06.12.06, available
2456:06.05.05, available
2441:02.05.97, available
2439:La Lectura Dominical
2425:16.08.33, available
2351:21.12.37, available
2322:La Civiltá Cattolica
2316:21.12.37, available
2245:10.11.23, available
2230:20.08.21, available
2199:09.07.27, available
2093:19.09.33, available
1948:09.05.10, available
1911:18.02.29, available
1895:17.10.30, available
1863:20.07.30, available
1848:20.01.29, available
1833:25.05.27, available
1818:26.05.15, available
1810:23.05.15, available
1795:18.05.03, available
1785:Cofradia del Putxera
1763:25.03.28, available
1672:54 (2003), pp. 12-27
1637:22 (1993), pp. 10-12
1577:24.01.16, available
1569:24.11.15, available
1561:09.07.15, available
1553:28.04.24, available
1545:10.10.03, available
1485:24.01.16, available
1470:24.11.15, available
1454:09.07.15, available
1438:15.04.05, available
1423:10.10.03, available
1202:, Madrid 1971, p. 40
1085:, Antonio Castejón,
1081:13.11.01, available
878:08.08.92, available
858:19.05.84, available
756:30.09.19, available
719:28.10.19, available
597:José Joaquín Ampuero
426:Juan Mateo de Zabala
349:Ollargan mine, 1890s
3154:Pablo Díaz Morlán,
2408:Historia y Deportes
2324:85/1 (1934), p. 352
1988:Historia y Deportes
1927:2/XIII (1934), p. 7
1831:El Diario Palentino
1787:service, available
1720:Historia y Deportes
1527:Historia y Deportes
1507:Historia y Deportes
1348:Juan Peris Torner,
1178:Desde mi campanario
1093:service, available
1065:service, available
1045:service, available
1025:service, available
936:service, available
843:service, available
471:La Gaceta del Norte
374:being founded, 1918
193:Bessemer converters
3250:People from Bilbao
3187:José Luis Orella,
3165:Antonio Escudero,
3137:Pensamiento Alavés
3079:Pensamiento Alavés
3005:El Cruzado Español
2610:Pensamiento Alavés
2577:, Cambridge 2014,
2549:261 (2011), p. 113
2393:Orella 2003, p. 54
2363:José Luis Orella,
2349:Pensamiento Alavés
2314:Pensamiento Alavés
2264:online, available
2184:4/1921, available
2091:Pensamiento Alavés
1761:La Voz de Asturias
1654:4/2 (1986), p. 372
1646:Antonio Escudero,
1278:online, available
928:Antonio Castejón,
835:Antonio Castejón,
770:Mansiones de Getxo
627:
616:Marqués de Estella
552:
512:
462:
398:
376:
351:
284:
235:
175:
146:cause, first as a
87:business, politics
2950:1876 constitution
2854:El Correo Español
2838:El Correo Español
2823:El Correo Español
2808:El Correo Español
2761:El Correo Español
2745:El Correo Español
2730:El Correo Español
2477:El Correo Español
2371:51/1 (2003) p. 56
2164:, Donostia 1997,
2024:, Donostia 2011,
1973:Diaz-Sarabia 1999
1877:Madrid Cientifico
1846:Diario de Córdoba
1744:John Eldon Bankes
1708:Madrid Cientifico
1231:, Pamplona 1997,
1155:, Donostia 2014,
952:, Donostia 1983,
898:15 (1924), p. 340
742:Palacio Legizamon
608:1876 constitution
559:brothers visited
491:Moroccan campaign
439:Resurección Azkue
140:Basque literature
101:
100:
3337:
3143:
3120:
3114:
3091:
3085:
3075:
3069:
3046:
3040:
3029:
3023:
3002:
2996:
2981:
2975:
2966:
2960:
2946:
2940:
2937:
2931:
2922:
2916:
2913:
2907:
2900:
2894:
2887:
2881:
2866:
2860:
2850:
2844:
2835:
2829:
2820:
2814:
2805:
2799:
2789:
2783:
2773:
2767:
2757:
2751:
2742:
2736:
2727:
2721:
2712:
2706:
2692:
2686:
2672:
2666:
2657:, Lasarte 2008,
2651:
2645:
2642:
2636:
2624:Cesar Estornes,
2622:
2616:
2607:
2601:
2592:
2586:
2571:
2565:
2556:
2550:
2539:
2533:
2524:
2518:
2509:
2503:
2491:Cesar Estornes,
2489:
2483:
2474:
2468:
2451:
2445:
2435:
2429:
2420:
2414:
2402:Cesar Estornes,
2400:
2394:
2391:
2385:
2378:
2372:
2361:
2355:
2346:
2340:
2331:
2325:
2306:
2300:
2293:
2287:
2274:
2268:
2255:
2249:
2240:
2234:
2225:
2219:
2209:
2203:
2194:
2188:
2179:
2173:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2088:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2066:
2060:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2020:Emilio Majuero,
2018:
2012:
2009:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1982:Cesar Estornes,
1980:
1974:
1971:
1965:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1928:
1921:
1915:
1905:
1899:
1889:
1883:
1873:
1867:
1858:
1852:
1843:
1837:
1828:
1822:
1805:
1799:
1778:
1772:
1757:
1751:
1732:
1726:
1704:
1698:
1679:
1673:
1661:
1655:
1644:
1638:
1627:
1621:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1602:
1587:
1581:
1539:
1533:
1495:
1489:
1480:
1474:
1464:
1458:
1448:
1442:
1433:
1427:
1417:
1411:
1397:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1366:
1360:
1346:
1340:
1330:
1324:
1323:8 (1992), p. 134
1313:
1307:
1292:
1286:
1269:
1263:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1209:
1203:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1181:
1170:
1164:
1148:
1142:
1127:
1121:
1103:
1097:
1075:
1069:
1055:
1049:
1035:
1029:
1015:
1009:
995:
989:
975:
969:
946:
940:
926:
920:
905:
899:
888:
882:
868:
862:
853:
847:
833:
827:
824:
818:
807:
801:
786:
780:
766:
760:
738:
732:
729:
723:
709:
703:
693:
625:Carlist standard
612:Union Patriótica
565:Vázquez de Mella
531:, to his native
408:, geographical,
162:Family and youth
126:exploitation in
33:
19:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3335:
3334:
3300:Spanish bankers
3240:
3239:
3209:
3151:
3149:Further reading
3146:
3121:
3117:
3098:, Madrid 2015,
3092:
3088:
3076:
3072:
3047:
3043:
3030:
3026:
3003:
2999:
2987:, Madrid 2009,
2982:
2978:
2967:
2963:
2947:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2923:
2919:
2914:
2910:
2901:
2897:
2889:Román Oyarzun,
2888:
2884:
2872:, Madrid 2000,
2867:
2863:
2851:
2847:
2836:
2832:
2821:
2817:
2806:
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2790:
2786:
2774:
2770:
2758:
2754:
2743:
2739:
2728:
2724:
2713:
2709:
2698:, Madrid 1985,
2693:
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2122:
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2100:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2036:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1981:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1956:, London 2013,
1944:
1940:
1935:
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1825:
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1689:, Madrid 1999,
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1676:
1662:
1658:
1645:
1641:
1628:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1605:
1593:, Bilbao 2001,
1588:
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1496:
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1481:
1477:
1465:
1461:
1449:
1445:
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1372:, Madrid 2020,
1367:
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1327:
1314:
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1293:
1289:
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1215:, Madrid 2016,
1210:
1206:
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1188:
1184:
1171:
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1149:
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1133:, Madrid 2011,
1128:
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1112:, Madrid 2013,
1106:Julio Aróstegui
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1100:
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885:
869:
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812:Molino Zubiondo
808:
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792:, Lejona 1989,
787:
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763:
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694:
690:
686:
649:
581:infanta Beatriz
541:
533:Comune di Lucca
451:
384:Basque language
365:
332:Banco de Bilbao
308:First World War
272:
216:, plus 7 ha in
164:
92:Political party
63:
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5:
3343:
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3333:
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3207:External links
3205:
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2002:Estornes 2019
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731:Estornes 2019
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2283:, available
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2227:
2223:
2215:, available
2212:
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2177:
2161:
2158:Introducción
2157:
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2124:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2090:
2086:
2077:
2064:
2055:
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2021:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1969:
1953:
1945:
1941:
1932:
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1736:Stuart Bevan
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1590:
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1522:
1514:
1513:, "Carmen",
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1316:
1311:
1295:
1290:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1258:
1248:
1228:
1224:
1212:
1207:
1199:
1194:
1185:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1152:
1146:
1130:
1125:
1109:
1101:
1090:
1086:
1078:
1073:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1002:
998:
993:
982:
978:
973:
965:
949:
944:
933:
929:
924:
908:
903:
895:
891:
886:
875:
871:
866:
855:
851:
840:
836:
831:
822:
811:
805:
789:
784:
773:
769:
764:
753:
749:
741:
736:
727:
716:
712:
707:
696:
691:
628:
601:
589:
553:
529:Stabat Mater
528:
521:Jesús Guridi
516:
513:
480:
475:
469:
463:
443:
423:
417:
401:
399:
393:
377:
352:
317:
301:
285:
282:mine, Biscay
270:Entrepreneur
260:field-hockey
236:
198:
176:
103:
102:
3330:1933 deaths
3325:1865 births
2954:El Progreso
2228:La Libertad
1893:El Adelanto
466:Catholicism
363:Vascologist
250:during the
128:Vascongadas
108:Vascologist
79:businessman
68:Nationality
3244:Categories
2704:8432305103
2462:La Defensa
2454:La Defensa
2170:848373009X
1695:8488675623
1087:Los Lezama
1059:Los Lezama
1019:Los Lezama
958:848624000X
930:Los Lezama
837:Los Lezama
561:Carlos VII
525:Boccherini
76:Occupation
3215:Euskalnet
2925:El Debate
2793:El Debate
1946:El Correo
1091:Euskalnet
1063:Euskalnet
1023:Euskalnet
960:, p. 68,
934:Euskalnet
841:Euskalnet
684:Footnotes
593:Mellistas
569:Don Jaime
548:Don Jaime
487:Palestine
476:La Gaceta
459:Etxebarri
340:Catalonia
304:Miribilla
297:fluorites
278:Opencase
252:Civil War
214:Etxebarri
202:Barcelona
183:merchants
171:Etxebarri
120:anhydrite
3260:Carlists
3055:Olazabal
2880:, p. 142
2665:, p. 137
2585:, p. 129
2527:La Epoca
2260:entry,
2172:, p. 259
2032:, p. 110
1306:, p. 594
1274:entry,
1141:, p. 917
1120:, p. 498
1043:Geneanet
1041:entry,
1003:Lurralde
919:, p. 428
663:Mellismo
647:See also
410:heraldic
324:Palencia
293:Asturias
288:opencast
280:iron ore
218:Gipuzkoa
152:Mellista
132:Asturias
116:fluorite
3217:service
3193:Aportes
3125:Rodezno
3051:Rodezno
2995:, p. 51
2559:La Cruz
2547:Scherzo
2369:Aportes
1964:, p. 52
1793:El País
1601:, p. 88
1380:, p. 95
800:, p. 34
658:Carlism
585:Jaimist
556:Liberal
328:Nervion
248:requeté
148:Carlist
124:plaster
96:Carlism
71:Spanish
62:, Spain
47:, Spain
3133:Beunza
3129:Bilbao
3102:
2991:
2876:
2715:Región
2702:
2661:
2581:
2382:Gaceta
2168:
2028:
1960:
1693:
1597:
1376:
1302:
1241:Zavala
1235:
1219:
1159:
1137:
1116:
956:
915:
796:
509:Bilbao
396:(1921)
336:Canada
264:Bilbao
210:Begoña
206:Manuel
179:Madrid
156:Biscay
112:carbon
45:Bilbao
2308:e.g.
577:Paris
313:Primo
240:Getxo
232:Getxo
3141:here
3131:and
3112:here
3100:ISBN
3083:here
3067:here
3053:and
3021:here
3009:here
2989:ISBN
2973:here
2958:here
2929:here
2874:ISBN
2858:here
2842:here
2827:here
2812:here
2797:here
2781:here
2765:here
2749:here
2734:here
2719:here
2700:ISBN
2684:here
2659:ISBN
2634:here
2614:here
2599:here
2579:ISBN
2563:here
2531:here
2516:here
2501:here
2481:here
2466:here
2458:here
2443:here
2427:here
2412:here
2353:here
2338:here
2318:here
2285:here
2266:here
2247:here
2232:here
2217:here
2201:here
2186:here
2166:ISBN
2146:here
2133:here
2095:here
2026:ISBN
1992:here
1958:ISBN
1950:here
1913:here
1897:here
1881:here
1865:here
1850:here
1835:here
1820:here
1812:here
1797:here
1789:here
1765:here
1742:and
1724:here
1712:here
1691:ISBN
1595:ISBN
1579:here
1571:here
1563:here
1555:here
1547:here
1531:here
1519:here
1511:here
1487:here
1472:here
1456:here
1440:here
1425:here
1409:here
1374:ISBN
1358:here
1338:here
1300:ISBN
1284:here
1280:here
1233:ISBN
1217:ISBN
1157:ISBN
1135:ISBN
1114:ISBN
1095:here
1083:here
1067:here
1047:here
1027:here
1007:here
987:here
954:ISBN
938:here
913:ISBN
880:here
860:here
845:here
816:here
794:ISBN
778:here
758:here
746:here
721:here
701:here
495:Zita
485:and
483:Rome
322:and
320:León
212:and
130:and
122:and
56:1933
53:Died
41:1865
38:Born
3191:,
3180:,
3169:,
3158:,
3061:,
3015:,
2678:,
2628:,
2545:,
2495:,
2406:,
2367:,
2279:,
2160:,
2127:,
1986:,
1783:,
1718:,
1668:,
1650:,
1633:,
1525:,
1505:,
1403:,
1352:,
1319:,
1176:,
1089:,
1061:,
1021:,
1001:,
981:,
932:,
894:,
839:,
772:,
752:,
715:,
437:or
372:SEV
3246::
3135:,
3127:,
3035:,
2460:,
1814:,
1791:,
1746:,
1738:,
1390:95
1108:,
964:,
618:.
507:,
433:,
412:,
342:.
230:,
220:.
158:.
118:,
114:,
2135:/
258:(
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