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abandon their solitude at Paretz and begin living under the restraints of a royal court. They began a tour of the country's eastern provinces for two purposes: the king wanted to acquaint himself with their new subjects, and despite the unusualness of a consort accompanying the king further than the capital, Frederick
William wanted to introduce the queen as well to their people. Louise was received everywhere with festivities. For the first time in Prussian history, the queen emerged as a celebrated public personality in her own right, as she occupied a much more prominent role than her
904:, where she was treated to sumptuously decorated rooms; "Nothing dazzles me anymore", she exclaimed on her return to Germany. Near the birth of her youngest child Princess Louise in 1809, Louise wrote to her father, "Gladly...the calamities which have befallen us have not forced their way into our wedded and home life, rather have strengthened the same, and made it even more precious to us." Louise was sick for much of that year, but returned with the king to Berlin near the end of it after an absence of three years; the queen arrived in a carriage accompanied by her two daughters
733:, it would lead to dependence on the latter power for military support. She foresaw that because Prussia was by far the weakest of the great powers, and it would not have been able to ensure it benefited from the results of such an alliance. French aggression caused the king to eventually consider entering the wars, but his indecision prevented him from choosing a side, either France or the coalition powers. He consulted the many differing opinions of Queen Louise and his ministers, and was eventually compelled into an alliance with Napoleon, who was recently victorious from the
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848:, but only to save Prussia. Napoleon had previously attempted to destroy her reputation by questioning Louise's marital fidelity, but the queen met him anyway, attempting to use her beauty and charm to flatter him into more favorable terms. Formerly Louise had regularly referred to him as "the Monster", but nevertheless made a request for a private interview with the emperor, whereon she threw herself at his feet; though he was impressed by her grace and determination, Napoleon refused to make any concessions, writing back to his wife Empress
513:. Complementary to her lessons was an emphasis on charitable acts, and Louise would often accompany her governess when visiting the houses of the poor and needy. Louise was encouraged to give out as much as was in her means, although she often got into trouble with her grandmother for donating too much for charity. From the age of ten until her marriage at 17, Louise spent most of her time in the presence of her grandmother and governess, both well-educated and refined. When only nine years old, Louise was present when the poet
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1002:, Louise was "a female celebrity who in the mind of the public combined virtue, modesty, and sovereign grace with kindness and sex appeal, and whose early death in 1810 at the age of only thirty-four preserved her youth in the memory of posterity." Her reputation as a loving and loyal supporter of her husband became crucial to her enduring legacy; the cult that eventually surrounded Louise became associated with the "ideal" feminine attributes: prettiness, sweet nature, maternal kindness, and wifely virtue.
844:(1807). In the midst of these negotiations, the emperor agreed to keep half of Prussia intact. The men were joined by Queen Louise; Frederick William had sent for his wife, then pregnant with her daughter Princess Louise, to beg for a better settlement for Prussia, with Louise advising her husband, "For God's sake no shameful peace... should at least not go down without honor." As the king felt that her presence might put Napoleon in a "more relaxed mood"; Louise reluctantly agreed to meet the emperor at
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endured personal insults – Napoleon himself gave her a backhanded compliment when he called her "the only real man in
Prussia". The queen recognized that her adopted country depended on her for moral strength, and as a consequence Louise regained her old sense of optimism, often taking time to prepare their eldest son for his future role as king. In the following few years Louise supported the reforming efforts of government carried out by Stein and Hardenberg, as well as those of
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916:, and was greeted by her father at Charlottenburg Palace – the residence was ransacked however, as Napoleon and his commanders had stripped its rooms of paintings, statues, manuscripts, and antiquities. Returning to a much different Prussia than she left, a preacher observed that "our dear queen is far from joyful, but her seriousness has a quiet serenity... her eyes have lost their former sparkle, and one sees that they have wept much, and still weep".
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469:, a friend of their mother's. When Louise was only six years old, her mother died in childbirth, leaving a permanent mark on the young duchess; she would often give away pocket change to other children who experienced similar losses, stating "she is like me, she has no mother". After Duchess Friederike's death, the family left Leineschloss for Herrenhausen, sometimes called a "miniature
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of his reign the new king consulted Louise on matters of state. Frederick
William was hesitant and cautious, and hated war, stating in 1798, "I abhor war and... know of nothing greater on earth than the preservation of peace and tranquility as the only system suited to the happiness of human kind". In keeping with the
347:. She was already well loved by her subjects, but her meeting with Napoleon led Louise to become revered as "the soul of national virtue". Her early death at the age of thirty-four "preserved her youth in the memory of posterity", and caused Napoleon to reportedly remark that the king "has lost his best minister". The
681:. Louise's presence on her husband's eastern journey was a break from the traditional role of the consort – importantly however the queen's power and enduring legacy did not stem from holding a separate court and policy than her husband's, but rather the opposite: she subordinated her formidable
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remarked that "The arrival of the angelic
Princess spreads over these days a noble splendor. All hearts go out to meet her, and her grace and goodness leaves no one unblessed." Another wrote "The more perfectly one becomes acquainted with the Princess the more one is captivated by the inner nobility,
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Though
Prussia had not fought in a war since 1795, its military leaders confidently expected that they could win against Napoleon's troops. After a small incident concerning an anti-French pamphlet occurred, King Frederick William was finally pressured by his wife and family to break off his uneasy
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After her husband's accession, Louise developed many ties to senior ministers and became a powerful figure within the government as she began to command universal respect and affection. The queen went out of her way to stay informed about political developments at court, and from the very beginning
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into a responsible ministerial government. He prepared a document for the king detailing in strong language what administrative reforms were needed, such as establishing clearer lines of responsibility among ministers; this work however never reached
Frederick William, as Stein passed it first to
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On 16 November 1797, her husband succeeded to the throne of
Prussia as King Frederick William III after the death of his father. Louise wrote to her grandmother, "I am now queen, and what rejoices me most is the hope that now I need no longer count my benefactions so carefully." The couple had to
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and the quartering of troops. At the time, one hundred and twenty million francs was equivalent to the entire yearly budget of
Prussia. As the perceived symbol of Prussia's former grandeur and pride, the French occupation of Prussia had a particularly devastating effect upon Louise, as the queen
612:, where Louise kept herself busy with household affairs. Paretz was far from the bustle of court, as the couple were most content in the "rural retirement" of a country life. The marriage was happy, and Louise was well-beloved by the king, who called her "the princess of princesses" and gave her
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that Louise "is really charming and full of coquettishness toward me. But don't be jealous...it would cost me too dearly to play the gallant." Napoleon's attempts to destroy Louise's reputation failed however, and they only made her more beloved in
Prussia. Queen Louise's efforts to protect her
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Louise's charitable giving continued throughout her life, and on one occasion, while attending a harvest festival, she purchased presents and distributed them to local children. On her first birthday after her marriage in Berlin, when King
Frederick William II asked his daughter-in-law what she
889:, to reorganize the army. After the disaster at Tilsit, Louise was instrumental in Stein's reappointment (the king had previously dismissed him), telling Frederick William " is my last hope. A great heart, an encompassing mind, perhaps he knows remedies that are hidden to us."
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in the easternmost part of the kingdom. On the journey there, there was no food or clean water, and the king and queen were forced to share the same sleeping arrangements in "one of the wretched barns they call houses", according to one witness traveling with them.
564:, and the two families began planning a double betrothal, celebrating a month later, on 24 April 1793 in Darmstadt. Frederick and Louise were subsequently married on 24 December that same year, with Louis and Frederica marrying two days later.
521:" for the entertainment of the assembled court, thus sparking her love for German as a literary language, especially works of Schiller. Louise loved history and poetry, and not only enjoyed reading Schiller, but also came to like the works of
560:. The crown prince was twenty-three, serious-minded, and religious. She made such a charming impression on Frederick William that he immediately made his choice, desiring to marry her. Frederica caught the eye of his younger brother Prince
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896:; Louise believed that the hard trials of her children's early lives would be good for them: "If they had been reared in luxury and prosperity they might think that so it must always be." In the winter of 1808, Tsar
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616:. The crown princess saw it as her duty to support her husband in all his pursuits, and the couple enjoyed singing together and reading from Shakespeare and Goethe. Louise soon became pregnant, giving birth to a
780:. Knowing the temperament of the king, Hardenberg appealed directly to the queen for desired reform – wisely as it turned out, as Frederick William viewed the demands to remove his trusted advisers in the
584:, the Prussian capital, caused quite a sensation, and she was greeted with a grand reception by the city's joyful citizens. When she broke protocol and stopped to pick up and kiss a child, Prussian writer
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1072:-like status. The group's main purpose was to promote patriotic feelings among German women, and it emphasized the family and German morality. The Königin-Luise-Bund was active during the time of the
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764:, who in turn passed it onto the queen in the spring of 1806. Though Louise agreed with its contents, she thought it "too violent and passionate" for the king, and consequently helped suppress it.
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946:, which left an open sore, which eventually killed her. The queen's subjects attributed the French occupation as the cause of her early death. "Our saint is in heaven", exclaimed Prussian general
481:. Louise and her aunt and new stepmother became close until Charlotte's early death the year after their marriage, also from childbirth complications. The twice widowed and grieving duke went to
1973:(February 1807) was a small victory against the French, but again the king refused to enter peace negotiations, incorrectly believing that incoming Russian troops would stop the French. The
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556:, hoped to strengthen ties between his house and Prussia. Consequently, on one evening carefully planned by the duke, seventeen-year-old Louise met the king's son and heir, Crown Prince
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802:, which was a disaster for Prussia, as the ability of its armed forces to continue the war were effectively wiped out. The king and queen had accompanied their troops into battle at
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Queen Louise was revered by her subjects as the "soul of national virtue", and some historians have written that Louise was "Prussian nationalism personified." According to
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Initially after Jena, Napoleon was ready to offer peace terms, but Frederick William ignored the majority of his counselors and decided to continue the war. The
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desired for a present, Louise replied she wanted a handful of money to let the city's people share her joy; he smilingly gave her a large quantity for the task.
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Napoleon himself occupied Berlin, causing the king, queen and the rest of the royal family to flee, despite Louise's illness, in the dead of winter to
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girl on 1 October 1794 at the age of eighteen. Nine healthy children would follow in quick succession, though two died in childhood: Crown Prince
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and skill for her husband's sole advantage. She also became a fashion icon, for instance starting a trend by wearing a
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By 1808 it was still considered unsafe to return to Berlin, and the royal family consequently spent the summer near
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of his father's, Frederick William favored neutrality during the early years of the conflict with the revolutionary
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Marie Louise preferred to raise her grandchildren simply, and they made their own clothes. A new governess from
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Harsh restrictions were imposed on Prussia, such as a massive indemnity of one hundred and twenty million
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Among the king's advisers, members of his family, such as the queen (an open advocate of war) and Prince
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She was also briefly portrayed in an extremely reverential manner in the 1945 propaganda film
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adopted country from French aggression secured for her the admiration of future generations.
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On the anniversary of her birth, in 1814, the widowed King Frederick William instituted the
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served as sponsors at her baptism; her second given name came from Princess Augusta Sophia.
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was founded by her grieving husband four years later as a female counterpart to the
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Her legacy became cemented after her extraordinary 1807 meeting with French Emperor
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was initially deemed too erotic, and was consequently closed to public viewing.
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Duchess Luise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie of Mecklenburg-Strelitz ("Louise" in
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Princess Alexandra Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-GlĂĽcksburg
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Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911b). "Frederick William III, king of Prussia".
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Princess Dorothea Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-GlĂĽcksburg
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Princess Louise Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
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At the time of her birth, Louise's father was not yet the ruler of
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in 1933, the Queen Louise League was nonetheless disbanded by the
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In 1793, Marie Louise took the two youngest duchesses with her to
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A German women's movement: class and gender in Hanover, 1880–1933
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Fisher, Todd; Gregory Fremont-Barnes; Bernhard Cornwell (2004).
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The Rise of National Socialism and the Working Classes in Weimar
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Countess Maria Louise Albertine of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg
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Louise and Frederick William, 1794 – a year after their marriage
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Count Christian Karl Reinhard of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Falkenburg
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A statue of Queen Louise in the park of Charlottenburg, Berlin
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In the events leading up to her marriage, Louise's arrival in
604:, but the crown prince and his new wife preferred to live at
509:. She received religious instruction from a clergyman of the
2740:. Cambridge, MA: Belknam Press of Harvard University Press.
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led to separate French negotiations with Russia and Prussia.
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Burials at the Charlottenburg Palace Park Mausoleum, Berlin
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Dorothea Sophie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-GlĂĽcksburg
954:, where a mausoleum, containing a fine recumbent statue by
2854:. Translated by Elizabeth H. Denio. Boston: Avery L. Rand.
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PreuĂźens Luise. Vom Entstehen und Vergehen einer Legende.
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Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947
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The Life and Times of Louisa, Queen of Prussia, Volume 2
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The Life and Times of Louisa, Queen of Prussia, Volume 1
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peace and enter the war against the French emperor. The
34:. For the consort of Frederick IV, King of Denmark, see
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Beautiful Enemy: A Biography of Queen Louise of Prussia
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Princess Christiane Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
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Princess Friederike Wilhelmine Alexandrine Marie Helene
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in 1934, as they viewed it as a hostile organization.
1045:. In 1880 a statue of Queen Louise was erected in the
375:. She was the fourth daughter and sixth child of Duke
355:. In the 1920s, conservative German women founded the
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Duchess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
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Duchess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
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Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel-Bevern
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Duke Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
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The Napoleonic Wars: The Rise and Fall of an Empire
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Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
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Queen Louise with her husband and children, c. 1806
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224:Alexandrine, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
2883:. New York, NY: E.P. Dutton and Company. p.
548:, where she paid her respects to her nephew King
387:and her mother Frederike was a granddaughter of
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3551:Landgravine Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
1587:Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen
2958:(with bibliography and index of illustrations)
2824:. London, England: Adamant Media Corporation
1887:Countess Katharina Polyxena of Solms-Rödelheim
1551:Charles II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
1290:Princess Friederike Luise Charlotte Wilhelmine
1169:("Queen Louise"), a German warship patrolling
1165:involves a British covert mission to sink the
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3994:Duchess Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
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2727:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
2716:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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4048:
4040:
3802:
3788:
3780:
3753:Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia
3462:
3448:
3440:
3153:
3139:
3131:
3062:
1645:Countess Sophia Albertine of Erbach-Erbach
1447:
1438:
1068:") in which her person achieved an almost
640:(1803), Prince Ferdinand (1804), Princess
632:(1798), Princess Frederica (1799), Prince
445:statue of Louise (left), with her sister,
55:
46:
3572:Duchess Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
2392:
2390:
1366:Prince Friedrich Jules Ferdinand Leopold
806:(with Louise apparently dressed "like an
753:reform the organization of the government
3737:Princess Henriette of Schönaich-Carolath
3598:Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
3546:Duchess Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick
2234:
2232:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2224:
1735:Prince George William of Hesse-Darmstadt
1709:Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
1385:Princess Luise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie
1282:Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1212:
1080:. Despite having actively supported the
1025:) as a complementary decoration for the
810:"), but had to flee from French troops.
589:and the angelic goodness of her heart."
422:of that territory by his brother-in-law
389:Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
4026:Princess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3722:Grand Duchess Kira Kirillovna of Russia
3681:Duchess Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
3520:Duchess Luise of Brunswick-WolfenbĂĽttel
2637:
2635:
2589:
2587:
2452:
2450:
2448:
2446:
2444:
2425:
2423:
2404:
2402:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2043:
2041:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1941:
1767:Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg
211:Alexandra Feodorovna, Empress of Russia
38:. For other uses of Königin Luise, see
4181:Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein
3603:Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
3593:Princess Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria
3567:Duchess Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
2901:. University of North Carolina Press.
2782:. Oxford, England: Osprey Publishing.
2577:
2575:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
1808:
1793:Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt
1688:
1684:
1674:
1566:
1456:
1452:
1339:Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
1261:Princess Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria
381:Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt
290:Princess Friederike of Hesse-Darmstadt
246:
4141:Sophia Louise of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4105:Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate
3962:Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate
3732:Lady Brigid Katherine Rachel Guinness
3686:Duchess Sophia Charlotte of Oldenburg
2281:
2279:
2151:
2149:
2128:"Queen Louise of Prussia (1776–1810)"
2031:
1884:
1874:
1870:
1858:
1852:
1842:
1826:
1816:
1812:
1796:
1790:
1780:
1764:
1754:
1750:
1738:
1732:
1722:
1706:
1696:
1692:
1668:
1658:
1642:
1632:
1628:
1616:
1610:
1600:
1584:
1574:
1570:
1554:
1548:
1538:
1522:
1512:
1508:
1496:
1490:
1480:
1464:
1460:
568:Crown Princess of Prussia (1793–1797)
391:. Her maternal grandmother, Princess
201:Frederick William IV, King of Prussia
7:
4261:German people of the Napoleonic Wars
3986:Princess Sophia Charlotte of Hanover
3727:Princess Magdalena Reuss of Köstritz
3660:Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine
3634:Princess Maria Anna of Anhalt-Dessau
3608:Princess Marianne of the Netherlands
3577:Princess Maria Anna of Hesse-Homburg
2981:. Vol. XV (9th ed.). 1883.
2851:Louise, queen of Prussia: a memorial
2839:Hudson, Elizabeth Harriot (2005b) .
2818:Hudson, Elizabeth Harriot (2005a) .
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2099:
2097:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1417:Princess Marianne of the Netherlands
660:Queen consort of Prussia (1797–1810)
27:Queen consort of Prussia (1776–1810)
4156:Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
4002:Princess Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
3970:Countess Louise Henriette of Nassau
3691:Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
3525:Princess Wilhelmina of Hesse-Kassel
3499:Princess Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
3101:Frederika Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt
1423:, Countess of Hohenau, daughter of
1419:and had issue. Married secondly to
1397:Prince Frederick of the Netherlands
1405:Prince Friedrich Heinrich Albrecht
25:
4276:Duchesses of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3613:Princess Luise of Anhalt-Bernburg
1304:, had issue including the future
1194:Napoleon and the Queen of Prussia
700:painting of Queen Louise, c. 1801
648:(1809). The couple also used the
447:Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
4236:People from Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3938:Catherine of Brandenburg-KĂĽstrin
3706:Princess Marie-Auguste of Anhalt
3639:Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg
3206:
3112:16 November 1797 – 19 July 1810
2797:Herold, J. Christopher (2002) .
1207:Frederick William III of Prussia
395:, and her paternal first-cousin
299:
170:Frederick William III of Prussia
95:16 November 1797 – 6 August 1806
86:Electress consort of Brandenburg
4171:Augusta of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
3471:Prussian princesses by marriage
3067:Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
2803:. New York, NY: Mariner Books.
1327:Prince Friedrich Karl Alexander
1269:Prince Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig
1190:Louisa of Prussia and her Times
1114:Luise – Königin der Herzen
1041:, and her great-granddaughter,
550:Frederick William II of Prussia
393:Maria Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt
377:Charles of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
322:Frederick William IV of Prussia
255:Luise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie
181:
80:16 November 1797 – 19 July 1810
32:Louise, Queen of Prussia (film)
4216:Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
4176:Victoria of the United Kingdom
4161:Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
2922:. Cambridge University Press.
2859:Knowles Bolton, Sarah (1892).
1671:Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
1102:Der Film von der Königin Luise
900:invited the king and queen to
887:August Neidhardt von Gneisenau
310:Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
50:Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
40:Königin Luise (disambiguation)
1:
4166:Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria
3922:Sabina of Brandenburg-Ansbach
3162:House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
3123:Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria
3072:House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
2877:Maxwell Moffat, Mary (1907).
1250:, later Friedrich Wilhelm IV
1106:Die elf schillschen Offiziere
948:Gebhard Leberecht von BlĂĽcher
784:as a "mutiny" similar to the
36:Louise of Mecklenburg-GĂĽstrow
18:Luise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
1960:) was murdered and entombed.
964:Countess Auguste von Harrach
668:A painting by German artist
586:Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué
554:Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
517:read from the first act of "
343:'s disastrous losses in the
4136:Sophia Charlotte of Hanover
4120:Sophia Charlotte of Hanover
3769:Princess Sophie of Isenburg
2895:Reagin, Nancy Ruth (1995).
2732:Clark, Christopher (2006).
2339:Quoted in Kluckhohn, p. 13.
2005:Maxwell Moffat, p. 16.
719:War of the Second Coalition
670:Henriette-Félicité Tassaert
345:War of the Fourth Coalition
4312:
4291:Mothers of German emperors
4281:Electresses of Brandenburg
4146:Sophia Dorothea of Hanover
4110:Louise Henriette of Nassau
3930:Elisabeth of Anhalt-Zerbst
3811:Electresses of Brandenburg
3017:Wright, Constance (1969).
2848:Kluckhohn, August (1889).
2200:Knowles Bolton, pp. 19–20.
1802:
1686:
1560:
1454:
778:Karl August von Hardenberg
689:to keep from getting ill.
29:
4296:Mothers of Saxon monarchs
4246:Queens consort of Prussia
4189:
3817:
3477:
3204:
3168:
3114:
3105:
3097:
3092:
3065:
2862:Famous types of womanhood
2241:"Queen Louise of Prussia"
1958:George I of Great Britain
1948:The same residence where
1872:
1864:
1836:
1814:
1810:
1774:
1752:
1744:
1716:
1694:
1690:
1652:
1630:
1622:
1594:
1572:
1568:
1532:
1510:
1502:
1474:
1458:
1302:Tsar Nicholas I of Russia
713:, which evolved into the
326:William I, German Emperor
254:
245:
206:William I, German Emperor
54:
4193:Electress of Brandenburg
4095:Marie Eleonore of Cleves
3629:Victoria, Princess Royal
3108:Queen consort of Prussia
2889:queen of prussia louise.
2871:queen louise of prussia.
1954:Sophia Dorothea of Celle
1284:(1811–1890), had issue
1248:Prince Friedrich Wilhelm
1137:Louise, Queen of Prussia
1124:in the 1927 silent film
800:Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
71:Queen consort of Prussia
4251:Princesses of Neuchâtel
4241:Consorts of Brandenburg
4071:Prussian royal consorts
3954:Duchess Anna of Prussia
3852:Maria, Queen of Hungary
3828:Ingeborg of Mecklenburg
3701:Ina Marie von Bassewitz
3198:Charles Louis Frederick
3002:10.1111/1468-0424.00266
2978:Encyclopædia Britannica
2916:Simms, Brendan (1997).
2880:Queen Louisa of Prussia
2755:Fischer, Conan (1996).
2724:Encyclopædia Britannica
2713:Encyclopædia Britannica
2528:Clark, pp. 308–09.
2059:Hudson (2005a), p. 156.
1076:and the first years of
883:Gerhard von Scharnhorst
539:ancient Greek tragedies
3187:Adolphus Frederick III
2950:Siedler, Berlin 2001,
2659:Knowles Bolton, p. 58.
2650:Knowles Bolton, p. 59.
2641:Knowles Bolton, p. 57.
2629:Knowles Bolton, p. 54.
2620:Knowles Bolton, p. 53.
2602:Knowles Bolton, p. 52.
2581:Chisholm (1911b) (ed).
2321:Knowles Bolton, p. 19.
2303:Knowles Bolton, p. 18.
2218:Knowles Bolton, p. 15.
2191:Maxwell Moffat, p. 21.
2182:Maxwell Moffat, p. 24.
2173:Maxwell Moffat, p. 25.
2164:Maxwell Moffat, p. 28.
2126:Faithfull, Francis G.
2091:Maxwell Moffat, p. 19.
2035:Chisholm (1911a) (ed).
1306:Alexander II of Russia
1263:(1801–1873), no issue
1043:Queen Sophia of Greece
1014:
995:
979:
956:Christian Daniel Rauch
931:
868:
829:
745:
701:
698:Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun
673:
577:
454:
4256:House of Hohenzollern
4231:Nobility from Hanover
3380:Adolphus Frederick VI
3224:Adolphus Frederick IV
3034:online free to borrow
2348:Hudson (2005b), p. 1.
2330:Kluckhohn, pp. 12–13.
2312:Kluckhohn, p. 10, 12.
2047:Maxwell Moffat, p. 17
1120:). She was played by
1060:, often shortened to
1031:House of Hohenzollern
1008:
985:
977:
952:Charlottenburg Palace
929:Charlottenburg Palace
922:
859:
822:Alexander I of Russia
816:
743:
711:French First Republic
695:
667:
650:Crown Prince's Palace
608:Palace, just outside
602:Charlottenburg Palace
575:
487:Princess Maria Louise
440:
318:Frederick William III
157:Charlottenburg Palace
121:Electorate of Hanover
3906:Elizabeth of Denmark
3874:Elisabeth of Bavaria
3836:Catherine of Bohemia
3821:Cunigunde of Poland
3335:Adolphus Frederick V
2989:Gender & History
2686:Reagin, pp. 235–244.
2551:Herold, p. 187.
2375:Clark, pp. 299, 317.
1312:Princess Friederike
1035:granddaughter-in-law
927:in the mausoleum of
735:Battle of Austerlitz
707:later foreign policy
598:Frederick William II
404:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
316:as the wife of King
270:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
141:Schloss Hohenzieritz
4271:Prussian princesses
4085:Dorothea of Denmark
3882:Catherine of Saxony
3046:Louise's death mask
2800:The Age of Napoleon
2537:Clark, p. 309.
2483:Simms, p. 222, 332.
1975:Battle of Friedland
1066:Queen Louise League
1039:Victoria of Germany
960:morganatic marriage
644:(1808), and Prince
477:, producing a son,
357:Queen Louise League
4286:Daughters of dukes
3946:Eleanor of Prussia
3898:Margaret of Saxony
3263:Charlotte Georgine
3119:Title next held by
3051:2008-12-18 at the
2761:. Berghahn Books.
2417:Clark, pp. 301–02.
2396:Clark, pp. 298–99.
2357:Clark, pp. 317–18.
2134:on 29 January 2018
1321:died in childhood
1271:, later Wilhelm I
1182:historical fiction
1086:accession to power
1082:National Socialist
1058:Königin-Luise-Bund
1015:
996:
980:
932:
869:
860:Queen Louise in a
830:
746:
702:
674:
614:Oranienburg Palace
578:
515:Friedrich Schiller
455:
215:Princess Frederica
145:Kingdom of Prussia
4203:
4202:
4037:
4036:
3844:Joanna of Bavaria
3777:
3776:
3437:
3436:
3307:Frederick William
3129:
3128:
2611:Kluckhohn, p. 64.
2294:Kluckhohn, p. 10.
2264:Kluckhohn, p. 11.
1932:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1431:
1430:
1421:Rosalie von Rauch
1369:13 December 1804
1351:23 February 1803
1230:Unnamed daughter
1188:, which included
1162:The African Queen
1144:in the 1957 film
1000:Christopher Clark
755:from favor-based
636:(1801), Princess
628:(1797), Princess
622:Frederick William
558:Frederick William
412:household brigade
307:
306:
259:
258:
125:Holy Roman Empire
61:1802 portrait by
16:(Redirected from
4303:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4041:
3914:Hedwig Jagiellon
3866:Barbara of Cilli
3804:
3797:
3790:
3781:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3441:
3346:George Alexander
3210:
3193:Gustave Caroline
3155:
3148:
3141:
3132:
3098:Preceded by
3088:
3081:
3063:
3032:
3013:
2982:
2974:
2933:
2912:
2891:
2873:
2855:
2844:
2835:
2814:
2793:
2772:
2751:
2739:
2728:
2717:
2696:
2695:Fischer, p. 186.
2693:
2687:
2684:
2678:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2660:
2657:
2651:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2630:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2603:
2600:
2594:
2591:
2582:
2579:
2570:
2567:
2561:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2502:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2466:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2439:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2418:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2397:
2394:
2385:
2382:
2376:
2373:
2367:
2364:
2358:
2355:
2349:
2346:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2313:
2310:
2304:
2301:
2295:
2292:
2286:
2285:Kluckhohn, p. 9.
2283:
2274:
2273:Kluckhohn, p. 8.
2271:
2265:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2236:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2209:Kluckhohn, p. 7.
2207:
2201:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2165:
2162:
2156:
2155:Kluckhohn, p. 5.
2153:
2144:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2130:. Archived from
2123:
2104:
2103:Kluckhohn, p. 4.
2101:
2092:
2089:
2078:
2075:
2060:
2057:
2048:
2045:
2036:
2033:
2006:
2003:
1978:
1967:
1961:
1946:
1448:
1439:
1425:Gustav von Rauch
1412:14 October 1872
1392:6 December 1870
1389:1 February 1808
1334:21 January 1883
1315:14 October 1799
1297:1 November 1860
1253:15 October 1795
1213:
1173:at the start of
1159:. The 1951 film
940:Marcellin Marbot
912:and younger son
762:Ernst von RĂĽchel
652:in the capital.
600:gave the couple
420:Governor-General
314:Queen of Prussia
303:
247:
228:Prince Ferdinand
185:
183:
137:
113:
111:
59:
47:
21:
4311:
4310:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4206:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4185:
4124:
4100:Anna of Prussia
4073:
4068:
4038:
4033:
3859:Agnes of Opole
3813:
3808:
3778:
3773:
3762:11th generation
3757:
3746:10th generation
3741:
3710:
3669:
3643:
3617:
3581:
3555:
3534:
3503:
3487:
3485:King of Prussia
3473:
3468:
3438:
3433:
3415:
3405:Georg Alexander
3392:
3357:
3352:Charles Michael
3322:
3294:
3251:
3247:George Augustus
3211:
3202:
3174:
3164:
3159:
3120:
3111:
3103:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3068:
3057:Laurence Hutton
3053:Wayback Machine
3042:
3016:
2985:
2969:
2966:
2964:Further reading
2961:
2944:GĂĽnter de Bruyn
2940:
2930:
2915:
2909:
2894:
2876:
2858:
2847:
2838:
2832:
2817:
2811:
2796:
2790:
2775:
2769:
2754:
2748:
2731:
2720:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2685:
2681:
2677:Reagin, p. 235.
2676:
2672:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2592:
2585:
2580:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2560:Herold, p. 188.
2559:
2555:
2550:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2527:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2509:
2505:
2501:Herold, p. 180.
2500:
2496:
2492:Herold, p. 179.
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2465:Herold, p. 177.
2464:
2460:
2456:Fisher, p. 254.
2455:
2442:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2400:
2395:
2388:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2356:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2334:
2329:
2325:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2284:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2222:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2177:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2147:
2137:
2135:
2125:
2124:
2107:
2102:
2095:
2090:
2081:
2076:
2063:
2058:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2034:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1981:
1971:Battle of Eylau
1968:
1964:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1436:
1409:4 October 1809
1361:and had issue.
1341:and had issue.
1256:2 January 1861
1236:1 October 1794
1233:1 October 1794
1202:
1122:Mady Christians
1098:
1096:Popular culture
1074:Weimar Republic
1019:Order of Louise
1011:Order of Louise
972:
874:
872:Remaining years
866:Wilhelm Ternite
842:Peace of Tilsit
774:Louis Ferdinand
770:
768:War with France
749:Baron vom Stein
715:Napoleonic Wars
662:
624:(1795), Prince
570:
511:Lutheran Church
495:
365:
349:Order of Louise
241:
232:Princess Louise
187:
184: 1793)
179:
175:
172:
159:
139:
135:
115:
109:
107:
65:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4309:
4307:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4208:
4207:
4201:
4200:
4197:German Empress
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4044:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4031:
4023:
4015:
4007:
3999:
3991:
3983:
3975:
3967:
3959:
3951:
3943:
3935:
3927:
3919:
3911:
3903:
3895:
3890:Anna of Saxony
3887:
3879:
3871:
3863:
3857:
3849:
3841:
3833:
3825:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3807:
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3799:
3792:
3784:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3771:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3715:9th generation
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3674:8th generation
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3649:
3648:7th generation
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3625:
3623:
3622:6th generation
3619:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3589:
3587:
3586:5th generation
3583:
3582:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3560:4th generation
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3542:
3540:
3539:3rd generation
3536:
3535:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3511:
3509:
3508:2nd generation
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3492:1st generation
3489:
3488:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3459:
3452:
3444:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3423:
3421:
3420:8th generation
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3400:
3398:
3397:7th generation
3394:
3393:
3391:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3362:6th generation
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3330:
3328:
3327:5th generation
3324:
3323:
3321:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3302:
3300:
3299:4th generation
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3259:
3257:
3256:3rd generation
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3227:
3219:
3217:
3216:2nd generation
3213:
3212:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3182:
3180:
3179:1st generation
3176:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3150:
3143:
3135:
3127:
3126:
3118:
3113:
3104:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3090:
3089:
3069:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3041:
3040:External links
3038:
3037:
3036:
3023:. Dodd, Mead.
3014:
2996:(2): 266–293.
2983:
2972:"Louisa"
2965:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2934:
2928:
2913:
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2892:
2874:
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2809:
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2746:
2729:
2718:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2688:
2679:
2670:
2668:Clark, p. 376.
2661:
2652:
2643:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2593:Clark, p. 318.
2583:
2571:
2569:Clark, p. 310.
2562:
2553:
2539:
2530:
2521:
2519:Clark, p. 312.
2512:
2510:Clark, p. 307.
2503:
2494:
2485:
2476:
2474:Clark, p. 304.
2467:
2458:
2440:
2438:Simms, p. 332.
2431:
2429:Clark, p. 303.
2419:
2410:
2408:Clark, p. 299.
2398:
2386:
2384:Clark, p. 217.
2377:
2368:
2366:Clark, p. 317.
2359:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2323:
2314:
2305:
2296:
2287:
2275:
2266:
2257:
2245:King's College
2239:Drumin, Dawn.
2220:
2211:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2145:
2105:
2093:
2079:
2077:Clark, p. 316.
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1428:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1379:in childhood.
1373:
1370:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1354:21 April 1892
1352:
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1343:
1342:
1335:
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1318:30 March 1800
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1274:22 March 1797
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1234:
1231:
1227:
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1198:
1186:Luise MĂĽhlbach
1140:(1931) and by
1097:
1094:
971:
968:
902:St. Petersburg
873:
870:
864:, c. 1810, by
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219:Prince Charles
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138:(aged 34)
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3238:
3237:Ernst Gottlob
3235:
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3117:
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3102:
3096:
3093:Royal titles
3091:
3086:
3080:10 March 1776
3079:
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2999:
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2956:3-88680-718-5
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2929:9780521893855
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2908:9780807845257
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2864:
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2831:9781421225371
2827:
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2806:
2802:
2801:
2795:
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2789:9781841768311
2785:
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2768:9781571819154
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2747:9780674023857
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1478:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1462:
1450:
1449:
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1427:, had issue.
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1399:, had issue.
1398:
1394:
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1374:
1372:1 April 1806
1371:
1368:
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1331:29 June 1801
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1307:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1294:13 July 1798
1293:
1291:
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1279:
1277:9 March 1888
1276:
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1199:
1197:
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1164:
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1142:Ruth Leuwerik
1139:
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826:Nicolas Gosse
823:
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809:
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797:
796:Prussian Army
791:
789:
788:
783:
779:
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767:
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742:
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728:
727:Great Britain
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559:
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547:
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235:
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155:Mausoleum at
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114:10 March 1776
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68:
64:
58:
53:
48:
45:
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37:
33:
19:
4160:
4028:
4025:
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4012:
4004:
3996:
3988:
3980:
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3956:
3948:
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3924:
3916:
3908:
3900:
3892:
3884:
3876:
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3860:
3854:
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3838:
3830:
3822:
3566:
3483:, the first
3426:
3403:
3385:
3378:
3350:
3333:
3318:Georg August
3305:
3282:
3272:
3229:
3222:
3185:
3121:
3115:
3106:
3087:19 July 1810
3084:
3077:
3070:
3019:
2993:
2987:
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2947:
2918:
2897:
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2371:
2362:
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2344:
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2326:
2317:
2308:
2299:
2290:
2269:
2260:
2248:. Retrieved
2214:
2205:
2196:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2160:
2136:. Retrieved
2132:the original
1965:
1944:
1670:
1205:
1203:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1152:
1147:Queen Louise
1145:
1135:
1132:Henny Porten
1127:Queen Louise
1125:
1113:
1109:
1108:(1926), and
1105:
1101:
1099:
1078:Nazi Germany
1061:
1057:
1055:
1022:
1016:
997:
933:
891:
875:
862:riding habit
839:
831:
792:
785:
771:
747:
703:
683:intelligence
679:predecessors
675:
654:
591:
579:
543:
496:
456:
432:Herrenhausen
428:Leineschloss
401:
366:
330:
309:
308:
136:(1810-07-19)
134:19 July 1810
63:Josef Grassi
44:
4226:1810 deaths
4221:1776 births
4029:(1797–1806)
4021:(1786–1797)
4013:(1740–1786)
4005:(1713–1740)
3997:(1708–1713)
3989:(1688–1705)
3981:(1668–1688)
3973:(1646–1667)
3965:(1619–1640)
3957:(1608–1619)
3949:(1603–1607)
3941:(1598–1602)
3933:(1577–1598)
3925:(1571–1575)
3917:(1535–1571)
3909:(1499–1535)
3901:(1486–1499)
3893:(1471–1486)
3885:(1470–1476)
3877:(1415–1440)
3869:(1411–1415)
3861:(1388–1411)
3855:(1387–1388)
3847:(1373–1378)
3839:(1366–1373)
3831:(1365–1395)
3823:(1356–1357)
3481:Frederick I
3411:Carl Gregor
3170:Founded by
3055:, from the
2250:28 December
2138:28 December
1175:World War I
1118:documentary
1023:Luisenorden
988:Pfaueninsel
925:sarcophagus
910:Alexandrine
898:Alexander I
687:neckerchief
638:Alexandrine
535:Shakespeare
499:Switzerland
4210:Categories
3231:Charles II
3059:Collection
3029:B0006C00XY
2810:0618154612
1985:References
1377:diphtheria
1062:Luisenbund
1047:Tiergarten
1037:, Empress
1027:Iron Cross
894:Königsberg
519:Don Carlos
471:Versailles
424:George III
353:Iron Cross
333:Napoleon I
110:1776-03-10
4078:Duchesses
3278:Frederica
3242:Charlotte
3010:144283456
2938:In German
1990:Citations
1956:(wife of
1950:the lover
1240:Stillborn
923:Louise's
906:Charlotte
850:Joséphine
828:, c. 1900
630:Charlotte
618:stillborn
592:Louise's
546:Frankfurt
493:Education
483:Darmstadt
475:Charlotte
459:Frederica
385:Charlotte
296:Signature
3313:Caroline
3049:Archived
1434:Ancestry
1415:married
1395:married
1375:died of
1357:married
1337:married
1300:married
1280:married
1259:married
1112:(2005),
1104:(1913),
994:, Berlin
936:Strelitz
818:Napoleon
782:Kabinett
760:General
757:cronyism
737:(1805).
467:Wolzogen
4195:; also
3290:Charles
3268:Therese
2703:Sources
1184:writer
1156:Kolberg
992:Wannsee
914:Charles
723:Austria
634:Charles
626:William
610:Potsdam
479:Charles
443:Schadow
441:Famous
416:Hanover
410:of the
373:Hanover
369:English
341:Prussia
186:
178:
174:
117:Hanover
4129:Queens
3428:Borwin
3387:George
3341:Helene
3284:George
3273:Louise
3116:Vacant
3083:
3027:
3008:
2954:
2926:
2905:
2828:
2807:
2786:
2765:
2744:
1225:Notes
1222:Death
1219:Birth
1116:(2010
1051:Berlin
970:Legacy
944:goitre
878:francs
846:Tilsit
808:Amazon
787:Fronde
731:Russia
729:, and
646:Albert
642:Louise
606:Paretz
582:Berlin
531:Herder
523:Goethe
507:German
503:French
463:George
451:statue
449:. The
337:Tilsit
286:Mother
276:Father
164:Spouse
151:Burial
92:Tenure
77:Tenure
4191:also
3374:Jutta
3369:Marie
3085:Died:
3078:Born:
3006:S2CID
1936:Notes
1216:Name
1200:Issue
1130:, by
1090:Nazis
962:with
834:Memel
596:King
265:House
250:Names
193:Issue
180:(
176:
3025:ASIN
2952:ISBN
2924:ISBN
2903:ISBN
2826:ISBN
2805:ISBN
2784:ISBN
2763:ISBN
2742:ISBN
2252:2010
2140:2010
1885:15.
1827:14.
1765:13.
1707:12.
1643:11.
1585:10.
1192:and
1070:cult
1009:The
908:and
885:and
804:Jena
533:and
527:Paul
324:and
131:Died
104:Born
2998:doi
1952:of
1853:7.
1791:3.
1733:6.
1669:1.
1611:5.
1549:2.
1523:9.
1491:4.
1465:8.
1204:By
1134:in
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990:in
696:An
414:in
335:at
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2994:14
2992:.
2975:.
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2223:^
2148:^
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2096:^
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2052:^
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1021:(
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20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
