3448:
225:
relative position of the Moon by up to an entire degree. The clearing correction for parallax and refraction is a trigonometric function of the observed lunar distance and the altitudes of the two bodies. Navigators used collections of mathematical tables to work these calculations by any of dozens of distinct clearing methods. For practical applications today the tables by Bruce Stark may be used for clearing the lunar distance. They are constructed such that only additions and subtractions of tabulated numbers are required instead of trigonometric evaluations.
151:, for about a hundred years (until about 1850) mariners lacking a chronometer used the method of lunar distances to determine Greenwich time as a key step in determining longitude. Conversely, a mariner with a chronometer could check its accuracy using a lunar determination of Greenwich time. The method saw usage all the way up to the beginning of the 20th century on smaller vessels that could not afford a chronometer or had to rely on this technique for correction of the chronometer.
3442:
3223:
2260:
38:
1125:
3233:
210:: Almanac tables predict lunar distances between the centre of the Moon and the other body (published between 1767 and 1906 in Britain). However, the observer cannot accurately find the centre of the Moon (or Sun, which was the most frequently used second object). Instead, lunar distances are always measured to the sharply lit, outer edge (the limb, not
214:) of the Moon (or of the Sun). The first correction to the lunar distance is the distance between the limb of the Moon and its center. Since the Moon's apparent size varies with its varying distance from the Earth, almanacs give the Moon's and Sun's semidiameter for each day. Additionally the observed altitudes are cleared of semidiameter.
191:, observe the same angle. The navigator then consults a prepared table of lunar distances and the times at which they will occur. By comparing the corrected lunar distance with the tabulated values, the navigator finds the Greenwich time for that observation. Knowing Greenwich time and local time, the navigator can work out longitude.
357:
The result of these observations naturally tickled my vanity, for I knew it was something to stand on a great shipâs deck and with two assistants take lunar observations approximately near the truth. As one of the poorest of
American sailors, I was proud of the little achievement alone on the sloop,
344:
I found from the result of three observations, after long wrestling with lunar tables, that her longitude agreed within five miles of that by dead-reckoning. This was wonderful; both, however, might be in error, but somehow I felt confident that both were nearly true, and that in a few hours more I
265:
By 1810, the errors in the almanac predictions had been reduced to about one-quarter of a minute of arc. By about 1860 (after lunar distance observations had mostly faded into history), the almanac errors were finally reduced to less than the error margin of a sextant in ideal conditions (one-tenth
353:
group, clear-cut and lofty. The verified longitude when abreast was somewhere between the two reckonings; this was extraordinary. All navigators will tell you that from one day to another a ship may lose or gain more than five miles in her sailing-account, and again, in the matter of lunars, even
224:
and atmospheric refraction on the observation. The almanac gives lunar distances as they would appear if the observer were at the center of a transparent Earth. Because the Moon is so much closer to the Earth than the stars are, the position of the observer on the surface of the Earth shifts the
301:
A lunar distance changes with time at a rate of roughly half a degree, or 30 arc-minutes, in an hour. The two sources of error, combined, typically amount to about one-half arc-minute in Lunar distance, equivalent to one minute in
Greenwich time, which corresponds to an error of as much as
231:: The navigator, having cleared the lunar distance, now consults a prepared table of lunar distances and the times at which they will occur in order to determine the Greenwich time of the observation. Predicting the position of the moon years in advance requires solving the
251:
Having found the (absolute) Greenwich time, the navigator either compares it with the observed local apparent time (a separate observation) to find his longitude, or compares it with the
Greenwich time on a chronometer (if available) if one wants to check the chronometer.
194:
Local time can be determined from a sextant observation of the altitude of the Sun or a star. Then the longitude (relative to
Greenwich) is readily calculated from the difference between local time and Greenwich Time, at 15 degrees per hour of difference.
2236:
293:, the mathematician and historian. In practice at sea, actual errors were somewhat larger. If the sky is cloudy or the Moon is new (hidden close to the glare of the Sun), lunar distance observations could not be performed.
361:
The work of the lunarian, though seldom practised in these days of chronometers, is beautifully edifying, and there is nothing in the realm of navigation that lifts oneâs heart up more in adoration.
2183:
3346:
3269:
2141:
393:, Forster found praiseworthy the method of lunar distances as the best and most precise method to determine longitude, as compared to clocks which may fail due to mechanical problems.
727:
699:
506:
475:
649:
2176:
143:
were unavailable until the late 18th century and not affordable until the 19th century. After the method was first published in 1763 by
British Astronomer Royal
3262:
99:
in 1524, before the necessary almanacs had been published. A fuller method was published in 1763 and used until about 1850 when it was superseded by the
2169:
1816:
433:
907:
containing all necessary instruction for keeping a ship's reckoning at sea ... to which is added a new and correct set of tables - by J. W. Norie 1828
3800:
1750:
3255:
2832:
2668:
45:
while at sea using a lunar distance. The lunar distance is the angle between the Moon and a star (or the Sun). In the above illustration the star
164:
The method relies on the relatively quick movement of the moon across the background sky, completing a circuit of 360 degrees in 27.3 days (the
2148:
2297:
3769:
796:
733:
705:
621:
512:
481:
657:
2155:
1018:
823:
3520:
875:
833:
806:
2214:
2199:
2782:
2437:
1621:
3593:
2661:
1773:
1766:
1743:
1053:
673:
328:
203:
Having measured the lunar distance and the heights of the two bodies, the navigator can find
Greenwich time in three steps:
4041:
3774:
1434:
1239:
987:
2744:
1802:
402:
1515:
3729:
3709:
3655:
3540:
3376:
3035:
1508:
1494:
1450:
2947:
3396:
3381:
3319:
3298:
2387:
2367:
1614:
1607:
1262:
1156:
1142:
1090:
407:
3550:
3361:
3098:
2827:
2377:
2290:
1425:
187:. At that moment, anyone on the surface of the earth who can see the same two bodies will, after correcting for
2797:
1839:
1699:
382:
183:. That could be the Sun or one of a selected group of bright stars lying close to the Moon's path, near the
3810:
3588:
3490:
3406:
3401:
3053:
2704:
2162:
1793:
1667:
1407:
1097:
1074:
926:
Le calcul des longitudes: un enjeu pour les mathématiques, l`astronomie, la mesure du temps et la navigation
290:
4031:
2407:
1706:
1337:
1111:
1067:
1011:
354:
expert lunarians are considered as doing clever work when they average within eight miles of the truth...
3963:
2868:
2813:
2767:
2752:
2397:
2243:
1759:
1729:
1457:
1441:
1372:
780:
374:
168:
month), or 13.2 degrees per day. In one hour it will move approximately half a degree, roughly its own
3790:
3704:
3530:
3391:
3119:
3088:
2537:
2432:
2283:
2072:
2058:
1876:
1825:
1379:
417:
120:
54:
31:
4036:
4000:
3795:
3650:
3515:
3467:
3336:
2993:
2452:
2412:
1855:
1692:
1036:
88:
42:
567:
3975:
3749:
3673:
3603:
2942:
2920:
2787:
2611:
2582:
2517:
2510:
2040:
1892:
1660:
1561:
1308:
1246:
1204:
602:
439:
244:
232:
140:
100:
92:
3823:
3688:
3505:
3023:
2902:
2802:
2655:
2558:
2462:
2222:
1681:
1639:
1133:
1124:
1004:
871:
829:
802:
302:
one-quarter of a degree of longitude, or about 15 nautical miles (28 km) at the equator.
240:
91:
if so desired, or by extension any other time. That calculated time can be used in solving a
3236:
318:
of the Earth in 1895–1898, somewhat anachronistically used the lunar method along with
49:
is used. The altitudes of the two bodies are used to make corrections and determine the time.
4026:
3968:
3714:
3693:
3645:
3608:
3421:
3141:
3129:
2957:
2925:
2757:
2626:
2542:
2532:
2447:
2118:
1782:
1584:
1400:
1393:
1353:
1195:
1149:
626:
315:
211:
169:
128:
84:
68:
3699:
3678:
3510:
3482:
3203:
3068:
3045:
3013:
2965:
2952:
2915:
2897:
2527:
2522:
2125:
1862:
1715:
1478:
991:
422:
144:
96:
969:
607:
561:
534:
3995:
3754:
3744:
3683:
3640:
3472:
3462:
3431:
3331:
3303:
3146:
3136:
2935:
2807:
2777:
2762:
2547:
2505:
2500:
2372:
1885:
1809:
1674:
1591:
1568:
656:(Second American Impression ed.). New Jersey: Blauvelt. p. 92. Archived from
378:
319:
180:
104:
76:
4020:
3882:
3833:
3818:
3764:
3535:
3371:
3366:
3282:
3226:
3176:
3124:
3058:
3030:
3018:
3008:
2998:
2880:
2724:
2650:
2599:
2552:
2467:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2350:
2263:
2229:
2111:
2005:
1938:
1547:
1487:
1324:
1301:
1269:
1255:
1232:
412:
390:
386:
366:
333:
311:
282:
17:
964:
959:
3980:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3844:
3583:
3198:
3192:
2858:
2792:
2714:
2645:
2594:
2442:
2382:
2097:
1913:
1832:
1653:
1531:
1346:
1186:
1060:
902:
148:
865:
677:
3247:
850:
377:
in the South
Pacific. Cook had two of the new chronometers on board, one made by
3990:
3985:
3630:
3613:
3545:
3525:
3411:
3293:
3208:
3186:
3093:
3078:
2873:
2853:
2843:
2772:
2729:
2709:
2638:
2457:
2359:
2206:
2190:
2132:
2104:
2090:
2065:
1956:
1906:
1577:
1315:
1294:
1081:
427:
4005:
3958:
3942:
3828:
3734:
3555:
3416:
3386:
3324:
3103:
3003:
2910:
2885:
2688:
2472:
2019:
1598:
1524:
1501:
1464:
1418:
1360:
1179:
984:
631:
613:
370:
337:
323:
37:
891:
3902:
3739:
3623:
3598:
3578:
3495:
3447:
3441:
3426:
3166:
3083:
2719:
2631:
2606:
2587:
2477:
2026:
2012:
1998:
1982:
1975:
1924:
1646:
1554:
1278:
1218:
1172:
1104:
350:
136:
124:
578:
Chronometers were not regularly supplied to the Royal Navy until about 1825
179:, the navigator precisely measures the angle between the moon and another
3937:
3917:
3759:
3665:
3565:
3356:
3351:
2734:
2495:
2487:
2345:
2335:
2033:
1991:
1968:
1846:
1211:
346:
221:
188:
184:
132:
625:
3932:
3922:
3852:
3724:
3635:
3500:
3073:
3063:
2985:
2976:
2961:
2863:
2848:
2693:
2616:
2325:
1471:
1225:
979:
345:
should see land; and so it happened, for then I made out the island of
176:
108:
46:
3927:
3877:
3872:
3171:
2330:
974:
606:
127:(or another known place) and the measured positions of one or more
3907:
3719:
3618:
3573:
3181:
2930:
2621:
2577:
2569:
1899:
1722:
1540:
1163:
754:
The
Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris, for the year 1767
643:
641:
236:
165:
785:
The authors show an example of correcting for lunar semidiameter.
654:
The
Nautical Almanac and Astronomical Ephemeris for the year 1804
650:"DISTANCES of Moon's Center from Sun, and from Stars EAST of her"
3912:
3897:
3887:
3341:
3278:
2320:
2306:
1931:
1287:
1027:
281:) could indicate angle to 0.1 arc-minutes, after the use of the
72:
3251:
2279:
1000:
3892:
27:
Angular distance between the Moon and another celestial body
867:
Stark Tables for
Clearing the Lunar Distance, third edition
3347:
International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
612:
365:
In his 1777 book, "A Voyage around the World", naturalist
285:
was popularized by its description in English in the book
765:
The Nautical Almanac Abridged for the Use of Seamen, 1924
2275:
996:
798:
Practical Astronomy with your Calculator, third edition
369:
described his impressions of navigation with captain
220:: The lunar distance is corrected for the effects of
172:, with respect to the background stars and the Sun.
3951:
3842:
3809:
3783:
3664:
3564:
3481:
3455:
3312:
3159:
3112:
3044:
2984:
2974:
2896:
2823:
2743:
2684:
2568:
2486:
2396:
2358:
2344:
2313:
2082:
2050:
1955:
1872:
1792:
1631:
1334:
1132:
1043:
960:
About Lunars... by George Huxtable. (Free tutorial)
500:
498:
469:
467:
465:
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
235:, since the earth, moon and sun were all involved.
985:An Essay on Lunar Distance Method, by Richard Dunn
970:Navigational Algorithms - free software for Lunars
825:Astronomy on the Personal Computer, second edition
30:For the history of the lunar distance method, see
239:developed the numerical method they used, called
904:New and complete epitome of practical navigation
729:New and Complete Epitome of Practical Navigation
701:New and Complete Epitome of Practical Navigation
508:New and Complete Epitome of Practical Navigation
477:New and Complete Epitome of Practical Navigation
536:An Epitome of Navigation and Nautical Astronomy
3263:
2291:
1012:
563:Former Clock & Watchmakers and Their Work
103:. A similar method uses the positions of the
8:
566:. New York: Spon & Chamberlain. p.
336:. After correcting an error he found in his
3270:
3256:
3248:
2981:
2355:
2298:
2284:
2276:
1019:
1005:
997:
892:Sailing Alone Around the World, Chapter 11
801:. Cambridge University Press. p. 66.
756:, London: W. Richardson and S. Clark, 1766
358:even by chance though it may have been...
980:Time and Position by C-program LUNARS-V13
940:Nevil Maskelyne. The Seaman's Astronomer.
3801:International Commission on Stratigraphy
340:, the result was surprisingly accurate:
36:
965:Navigation Spreadsheets: Lunar distance
451:
434:Bowditch's American Practical Navigator
389:clocks. On March 12, 1774, approaching
539:(Ninth ed.). Taylor. p. 295f
775:Dunlop, G.D.; Shufeldt, H.H. (1972).
732:. London. p. 230. Archived from
704:. London. p. 226. Archived from
511:. London. p. 221. Archived from
480:. London. p. 222. Archived from
7:
3232:
95:. The theory was first published by
622:National Imagery and Mapping Agency
385:, following the lead of the famous
131:allows the navigator to calculate
25:
3521:Discrete time and continuous time
2237:Lilith (hypothetical second moon)
919:The Birth of Navigational Science
851:"The Moon's topocentric position"
560:Britten, Frederick James (1894).
243:, and received a grant from the
3446:
3440:
3231:
3222:
3221:
2259:
2258:
2200:Moon landing conspiracy theories
1123:
945:National Maritime Museum (Ed.):
933:Greenwich Time and the Longitude
822:Montenbruck and Pfleger (1994).
777:Dutton's navigation and Piloting
615:The American Practical Navigator
591:Wrinkles in Practical Navigation
1622:Selenographic coordinate system
3594:History of timekeeping devices
2149:Artificial objects on the Moon
910:Andrewes, William J.H. (Ed.):
329:Sailing Alone Around the World
247:to carry out the computations.
147:, based on pioneering work by
1:
1240:Total penumbral lunar eclipse
795:Duffett-Smith, Peter (1988).
674:"Precomputed Lunar Distances"
648:Royal Greenwich Observatory.
275:
2215:Moon is made of green cheese
1509:Permanently shadowed craters
828:. Springer. pp. 45â46.
779:. Annapolis, Maryland, USA:
403:Royal Observatory, Greenwich
3541:Gravitational time dilation
3377:Barycentric Coordinate Time
3036:Geological history of Earth
548:Nautical Almanac 1849-1851.
314:, in making the first solo
123:, knowledge of the time at
4058:
3397:Geocentric Coordinate Time
3382:Barycentric Dynamical Time
3320:Coordinated Universal Time
2388:Orders of magnitude (time)
2142:Craters named after people
1615:Transient lunar phenomenon
1263:Solar eclipses on the Moon
975:Longitude by Lunars online
349:, the southernmost of the
270:Lunar distance observation
29:
3551:Time-translation symmetry
3438:
3362:International Atomic Time
3289:
3217:
3099:Time translation symmetry
2253:
1121:
1034:
870:. Starpath Publications.
924:Jullien, Vincent (Ed.):
332:on a sight taken in the
3811:Astronomical chronology
3784:Archaeology and geology
3491:Absolute space and time
3407:IERS Reference Meridian
3402:International Date Line
3313:International standards
3054:Absolute space and time
2705:Astronomical chronology
2163:Moon in science fiction
1668:Giant-impact hypothesis
1516:South PoleâAitken basin
914:. Cambridge, Mass. 1996
912:The Quest for Longitude
890:Captain Joshua Slocum,
408:Josef de Mendoza y RĂos
3104:Time reversal symmetry
2408:Italian six-hour clock
2184:futuristic exploration
1707:Late Heavy Bombardment
533:Taylor, Janet (1851).
363:
274:Later sextants (after
83:uses this angle and a
81:lunar distances method
50:
3770:Weekday determination
3656:Sundial markup schema
2869:Time and fate deities
2814:The Unreality of Time
2753:A series and B series
2244:Splitting of the Moon
2156:Memorials on the Moon
1760:Lunar sample displays
1442:Peak of eternal light
864:Stark, Bruce (2010).
781:Naval Institute Press
726:Norie, J. W. (1828).
698:Norie, J. W. (1828).
505:Norie, J. W. (1828).
474:Norie, J. W. (1828).
342:
289:published in 1750 by
266:of a minute of arc).
40:
18:Lunar distance method
4042:Celestial navigation
3791:Chronological dating
3531:Theory of relativity
3392:Daylight saving time
3120:Chronological dating
3089:Theory of relativity
2433:Daylight saving time
947:4 Steps to Longitude
418:History of longitude
287:Navigatio Britannica
121:celestial navigation
55:celestial navigation
32:History of longitude
4001:Time value of money
3796:Geologic time scale
3651:History of sundials
3516:Cosmological decade
3468:Greenwich Mean Time
3299:Orders of magnitude
2413:Thai six-hour clock
1744:Lunar laser ranging
652:. In Garnet (ed.).
603:Bowditch, Nathaniel
141:marine chronometers
3976:Mental chronometry
3604:Marine chronometer
3456:Obsolete standards
2943:Rosy retrospection
2921:Mental chronometry
2745:Philosophy of time
1893:Lunisolar calendar
1562:Lunar basalt 70017
1309:Tidal acceleration
1164:Perigee and apogee
1054:Internal structure
990:2015-11-06 at the
440:Nathaniel Bowditch
373:on board the ship
245:Board of Longitude
233:three-body problem
101:marine chronometer
93:spherical triangle
51:
4014:
4013:
3824:Nuclear timescale
3506:Continuous signal
3245:
3244:
3155:
3154:
3130:Circadian rhythms
2948:Tenseâaspectâmood
2803:Temporal finitism
2680:
2679:
2656:Grandfather clock
2273:
2272:
2223:Natural satellite
1682:Lunar magma ocean
1458:Volcanic features
917:Forbes, Eric G.:
672:Wepster, Steven.
620:. United States:
608:"Chapter 1"
326:. He comments in
129:celestial objects
16:(Redirected from
4049:
3715:Dominical letter
3646:Equation of time
3609:Marine sandglass
3450:
3444:
3422:Terrestrial Time
3279:Time measurement
3272:
3265:
3258:
3249:
3235:
3234:
3225:
3224:
3142:Glottochronology
2982:
2898:Human experience
2758:B-theory of time
2356:
2300:
2293:
2286:
2277:
2266:
2262:
2261:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2218:
2209:
2202:
2193:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2151:
2144:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2075:
2068:
2066:Meridian passage
2061:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1985:
1978:
1971:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1916:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1865:
1858:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1785:
1783:Lunar seismology
1776:
1769:
1762:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1716:Lunar meteorites
1709:
1702:
1695:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1642:
1624:
1617:
1610:
1601:
1594:
1587:
1585:Space weathering
1580:
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1543:
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1304:
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1235:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1182:
1175:
1166:
1159:
1152:
1150:Orbital elements
1145:
1127:
1114:
1107:
1100:
1093:
1084:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1056:
1021:
1014:
1007:
998:
895:
888:
882:
881:
861:
855:
854:
849:Schlyter, Paul.
846:
840:
839:
819:
813:
812:
792:
786:
784:
772:
766:
763:
757:
751:
745:
744:
742:
741:
723:
717:
716:
714:
713:
695:
689:
688:
686:
685:
676:. Archived from
668:
666:
665:
645:
636:
635:
629:
619:
610:
599:
593:
587:
581:
580:
575:
574:
557:
551:
550:
545:
544:
530:
524:
523:
521:
520:
502:
493:
492:
490:
489:
471:
316:circumnavigation
280:
277:
229:Finding the time
170:angular diameter
85:nautical almanac
69:angular distance
61:, also called a
21:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4010:
3947:
3838:
3805:
3779:
3660:
3560:
3511:Coordinate time
3483:Time in physics
3477:
3451:
3445:
3436:
3308:
3285:
3276:
3246:
3241:
3213:
3204:Time immemorial
3151:
3108:
3069:Coordinate time
3040:
2994:Geological time
2970:
2953:Time management
2916:Generation time
2900:
2892:
2837:
2819:
2739:
2698:
2676:
2564:
2482:
2399:
2392:
2348:
2340:
2309:
2304:
2274:
2269:
2257:
2249:
2242:
2235:
2228:
2221:
2212:
2205:
2198:
2189:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2161:
2154:
2147:
2140:
2131:
2126:Man in the Moon
2124:
2117:
2110:
2103:
2096:
2089:
2078:
2071:
2064:
2057:
2051:Daily phenomena
2046:
2039:
2032:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2004:
1999:Super and micro
1997:
1990:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1912:
1905:
1898:
1891:
1884:
1874:
1868:
1863:Lunar resources
1861:
1854:
1845:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1788:
1781:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1749:
1742:
1737:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1705:
1698:
1691:
1680:
1673:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1645:
1638:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1576:
1567:
1560:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1530:
1523:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1486:
1477:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1440:
1433:
1424:
1417:
1406:
1399:
1392:
1387:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1359:
1352:
1345:
1336:
1330:
1323:
1314:
1307:
1300:
1293:
1286:
1277:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1245:
1238:
1231:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1194:
1185:
1178:
1171:
1162:
1155:
1148:
1141:
1128:
1119:
1110:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1080:
1073:
1066:
1059:
1052:
1045:
1039:
1030:
1025:
992:Wayback Machine
956:
899:
898:
889:
885:
878:
863:
862:
858:
848:
847:
843:
836:
821:
820:
816:
809:
794:
793:
789:
774:
773:
769:
764:
760:
752:
748:
739:
737:
725:
724:
720:
711:
709:
697:
696:
692:
683:
681:
671:
670:
663:
661:
647:
646:
639:
601:
600:
596:
589:Lecky, Squire,
588:
584:
572:
570:
559:
558:
554:
542:
540:
532:
531:
527:
518:
516:
504:
503:
496:
487:
485:
473:
472:
453:
448:
423:Longitude prize
399:
308:
299:
278:
272:
263:
258:
201:
162:
157:
145:Nevil Maskelyne
117:
97:Johannes Werner
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4055:
4053:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4029:
4019:
4018:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3996:Time metrology
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3961:
3955:
3953:
3952:Related topics
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3815:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3670:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3641:Dialing scales
3638:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3570:
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3473:Prime meridian
3470:
3465:
3463:Ephemeris time
3459:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3439:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3432:180th meridian
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3316:
3314:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3252:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3229:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3147:Time geography
3144:
3139:
3137:Clock reaction
3134:
3133:
3132:
3122:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3050:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2990:
2988:
2979:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2968:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2939:
2938:
2936:time signature
2933:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2830:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2810:
2808:Temporal parts
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2778:Eternal return
2775:
2770:
2765:
2763:Chronocentrism
2760:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2574:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2550:
2548:Hindu Panchang
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2492:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2353:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2280:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2254:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2187:
2180:
2173:
2159:
2152:
2145:
2138:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2115:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2002:
1995:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1972:
1964:
1962:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1946:Lunar distance
1942:
1935:
1928:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1896:
1889:
1886:Lunar calendar
1881:
1879:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1852:
1851:
1850:
1836:
1829:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1813:
1810:Apollo program
1798:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1770:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1747:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1726:
1719:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1678:
1657:
1650:
1643:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1595:
1592:Micrometeorite
1581:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1569:Changesite-(Y)
1565:
1551:
1548:Wrinkle ridges
1544:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1468:
1454:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1431:
1430:
1429:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1397:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1376:
1364:
1357:
1350:
1342:
1340:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1328:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1312:
1305:
1298:
1284:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1274:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1222:
1215:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1176:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1146:
1143:Lunar distance
1138:
1136:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1101:
1094:
1091:Magnetic field
1087:
1086:
1085:
1071:
1064:
1057:
1049:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1001:
995:
994:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
955:
954:External links
952:
951:
950:
943:
942:Cambridge 1989
938:Howse, Derek:
936:
931:Howse, Derek:
929:
922:
915:
908:
897:
896:
883:
876:
856:
841:
834:
814:
807:
787:
783:. p. 409.
767:
758:
746:
718:
690:
637:
594:
582:
552:
525:
494:
450:
449:
447:
444:
443:
442:
437:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
398:
395:
379:Larcum Kendall
375:HMS Resolution
320:dead reckoning
307:
304:
298:
295:
271:
268:
262:
259:
257:
254:
249:
248:
241:Euler's method
226:
215:
200:
197:
161:
158:
156:
153:
116:
113:
105:Galilean moons
89:Greenwich time
77:celestial body
59:lunar distance
43:Greenwich time
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4054:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4032:Lunar science
4030:
4028:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3845:units of time
3841:
3835:
3834:Sidereal time
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3819:Galactic year
3817:
3816:
3814:
3812:
3808:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3782:
3776:
3775:Weekday names
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3765:Tropical year
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3730:Intercalation
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:(lunar Hijri)
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3567:
3563:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3536:Time dilation
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3449:
3443:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3372:24-hour clock
3370:
3368:
3367:12-hour clock
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3326:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3261:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3238:
3230:
3228:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3126:
3125:Chronobiology
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3059:Arrow of time
3057:
3055:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3031:Geochronology
3029:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2973:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2881:Wheel of time
2879:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2725:Periodization
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2671:
2670:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:Digital clock
2649:
2647:
2644:
2640:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2428:Relative hour
2426:
2424:
2423:24-hour clock
2421:
2419:
2418:12-hour clock
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2405:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2287:
2282:
2281:
2278:
2265:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2230:Double planet
2227:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2208:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2113:
2112:Moon illusion
2109:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2091:Lunar deities
2088:
2087:
2085:
2081:
2074:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2042:
2038:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1939:Lunar station
1936:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1890:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1873:Time-telling
1871:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1784:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1768:
1764:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1731:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1619:
1616:
1612:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1566:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1499:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1466:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1333:
1326:
1325:Lunar station
1322:
1317:
1313:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1302:Tidal locking
1299:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1271:
1270:Eclipse cycle
1267:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1256:Solar eclipse
1253:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:Lunar eclipse
1230:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1113:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1075:Gravity field
1072:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1002:
999:
993:
989:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
957:
953:
949:. London 1962
948:
944:
941:
937:
935:. London 1997
934:
930:
928:. Rennes 2002
927:
923:
921:. London 1974
920:
916:
913:
909:
906:
905:
901:
900:
893:
887:
884:
879:
877:9780914025214
873:
869:
868:
860:
857:
852:
845:
842:
837:
835:9783540672210
831:
827:
826:
818:
815:
810:
808:9780521356992
804:
800:
799:
791:
788:
782:
778:
771:
768:
762:
759:
755:
750:
747:
736:on 2007-09-27
735:
731:
730:
722:
719:
708:on 2007-09-27
707:
703:
702:
694:
691:
680:on 2007-12-15
679:
675:
660:on 2007-09-27
659:
655:
651:
644:
642:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
616:
609:
604:
598:
595:
592:
586:
583:
579:
569:
565:
564:
556:
553:
549:
538:
537:
529:
526:
515:on 2007-09-27
514:
510:
509:
501:
499:
495:
484:on 2007-09-27
483:
479:
478:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
460:
458:
456:
452:
445:
441:
438:
436:
435:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
413:John Harrison
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
400:
396:
394:
392:
391:Easter Island
388:
387:John Harrison
384:
381:the other by
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:Georg Forster
362:
359:
355:
352:
348:
341:
339:
335:
334:South Pacific
331:
330:
325:
321:
317:
313:
312:Joshua Slocum
306:In literature
305:
303:
296:
294:
292:
288:
284:
269:
267:
261:Almanac error
260:
255:
253:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
227:
223:
219:
216:
213:
209:
208:Preliminaries
206:
205:
204:
198:
196:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
173:
171:
167:
159:
154:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
114:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
87:to calculate
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
48:
44:
39:
33:
19:
3981:Decimal time
3710:Astronomical
3589:Complication
3584:Atomic clock
3199:Time capsule
3193:Tempus fugit
3191:
3113:Other fields
2812:
2793:Perdurantism
2715:Calendar era
2667:
2660:
2646:Cuckoo clock
2583:astronomical
2557:
2383:Unit of time
2314:Key concepts
2098:Lunar effect
1945:
1914:Nodal period
1840:Colonization
1654:Lunar theory
1347:Selenography
1187:Nodal period
946:
939:
932:
925:
918:
911:
903:
886:
866:
859:
844:
824:
817:
797:
790:
776:
770:
761:
753:
749:
738:. Retrieved
734:the original
728:
721:
710:. Retrieved
706:the original
700:
693:
682:. Retrieved
678:the original
662:. Retrieved
658:the original
653:
630:– via
614:
597:
590:
585:
577:
571:. Retrieved
562:
555:
547:
541:. Retrieved
535:
528:
517:. Retrieved
513:the original
507:
486:. Retrieved
482:the original
476:
432:
364:
360:
356:
343:
327:
309:
300:
286:
273:
264:
250:
228:
217:
207:
202:
193:
174:
163:
149:Tobias Mayer
139:. Reliable
118:
80:
75:and another
71:between the
63:
62:
58:
52:
3991:System time
3986:Metric time
3705:Solar Hijri
3631:Water clock
3614:Radio clock
3546:Time domain
3526:Proper time
3412:Leap second
3294:Chronometry
3209:Time travel
3187:System time
3094:Time domain
3079:Proper time
2903:use of time
2874:Father Time
2854:Immortality
2844:Ages of Man
2773:Endurantism
2730:Regnal year
2710:Big History
2639:water-based
2538:Solar Hijri
2448:Hexadecimal
2398:Measurement
2360:Chronometry
2346:Measurement
2207:Moon Treaty
2191:Hollow Moon
2133:Moon rabbit
2105:Earth phase
1907:Lunar month
1794:Exploration
1738:Experiments
1640:Observation
1502:Ray systems
1367:Hemispheres
1335:Surface and
1316:Tidal range
1295:Tidal force
1098:Sodium tail
1082:Hill sphere
428:Henry Raper
383:John Arnold
297:Total error
291:John Barrow
279: 1800
199:In practice
4037:Navigation
4021:Categories
4006:Timekeeper
3959:Chronology
3943:Millennium
3829:Precession
3735:Julian day
3556:T-symmetry
3417:Solar time
3387:Civil time
2911:Chronemics
2886:Kalachakra
2798:Presentism
2783:Eternalism
2689:Chronology
2627:mechanical
2578:Main types
2496:Main types
2177:Apollo era
2119:Pareidolia
1877:navigation
1599:Sputtering
1479:Lava tubes
1401:South pole
1394:North pole
1354:Terminator
1196:Precession
1112:Earthshine
1068:Atmosphere
1061:Topography
1046:properties
740:2007-08-02
712:2007-08-02
684:2007-08-02
664:2007-08-02
632:Wikisource
624:. p.
573:2007-08-08
543:2007-08-02
519:2007-08-02
488:2007-08-02
446:References
371:James Cook
338:log tables
324:navigation
212:terminator
3903:Fortnight
3750:Lunisolar
3740:Leap year
3674:Gregorian
3624:stopwatch
3599:Hourglass
3579:Astrarium
3496:Spacetime
3427:Time zone
3304:Metrology
3283:standards
3167:Leap year
3084:Spacetime
2958:Yesterday
2859:Dreamtime
2833:Mythology
2720:Deep time
2632:stopwatch
2607:hourglass
2588:astrarium
2518:Gregorian
2511:Lunisolar
2488:Calendars
2478:Time zone
2351:standards
1925:Fortnight
1817:Explorers
1774:Apollo 17
1767:Apollo 11
1730:Volcanism
1700:Timescale
1647:Libration
1435:Mountains
1373:Near side
1279:Supermoon
1219:Full moon
1173:Libration
1105:Moonlight
351:Marquesas
137:longitude
125:Greenwich
67:, is the
3964:Duration
3938:Saeculum
3918:Olympiad
3760:Solstice
3689:Holocene
3666:Calendar
3566:Horology
3357:ISO 8601
3352:ISO 31-1
3227:Category
2975:Time in
2966:Tomorrow
2828:Religion
2768:Duration
2735:Timeline
2669:Timeline
2468:Sidereal
2336:Eternity
2264:Category
2059:Moonrise
1992:Crescent
1932:Sennight
1847:Moonbase
1803:Missions
1472:Calderas
1380:Far side
1338:features
1226:Eclipses
1212:New moon
1157:Distance
1044:Physical
988:Archived
605:(2002).
397:See also
347:Nukahiva
310:Captain
222:parallax
218:Clearing
189:parallax
185:ecliptic
175:Using a
166:sidereal
133:latitude
41:Finding
4027:Geodesy
3933:Century
3923:Lustrum
3853:Instant
3725:Equinox
3694:Islamic
3636:Sundial
3501:Chronon
3237:Commons
3160:Related
3074:Instant
3064:Chronon
3046:Physics
2986:Geology
2977:science
2849:Destiny
2694:History
2662:History
2617:sundial
2600:quantum
2543:Chinese
2533:Islamic
2443:Decimal
2438:Chinese
2400:systems
2326:Present
2083:Related
2073:Moonset
1856:Tourism
1833:Landing
1693:Geology
1632:Science
1488:Craters
1451:Valleys
1037:Outline
627:7
322:in his
283:vernier
177:sextant
160:Summary
115:Purpose
109:Jupiter
47:Regulus
3928:Decade
3883:Moment
3878:Minute
3873:Second
3843:Other
3700:Julian
3679:Hebrew
3325:offset
3177:Moment
3172:Memory
3024:period
2612:marine
2595:atomic
2570:Clocks
2528:Hebrew
2523:Julian
2458:Metric
2331:Future
2041:Tetrad
1957:Phases
1826:Probes
1661:Origin
1608:Quakes
1541:Rilles
1532:swirls
1247:Tetrad
1205:Syzygy
894:, 1900
874:
832:
805:
617:
256:Errors
155:Method
79:. The
3969:music
3908:Month
3868:Jiffy
3863:Shake
3858:Flick
3755:Solar
3745:Lunar
3720:Epact
3684:Hindu
3619:Watch
3574:Clock
3182:Space
3014:epoch
3004:chron
2962:Today
2931:tempo
2926:Music
2788:Event
2622:watch
2506:Lunar
2501:Solar
2473:Solar
2463:Roman
2453:Hindu
2020:Black
2006:Blood
1983:Names
1961:names
1900:Month
1751:ALSEP
1723:KREEP
1675:Theia
1578:Water
1555:Rocks
1465:Domes
1419:Maria
1388:Poles
1180:Nodes
1134:Orbit
237:Euler
64:lunar
3913:Year
3898:Week
3888:Hour
3342:DUT1
3281:and
2901:and
2864:KÄla
2559:List
2553:Maya
2349:and
2321:Past
2307:Time
2170:list
2027:Dark
2013:Blue
1976:Full
1875:and
1525:Soil
1495:List
1426:List
1408:Face
1361:Limb
1288:Tide
1028:Moon
872:ISBN
830:ISBN
803:ISBN
181:body
135:and
73:Moon
3893:Day
3019:era
3009:eon
2999:age
2378:TAI
2368:UTC
2034:Wet
1969:New
1959:and
568:230
119:In
107:of
53:In
4023::
3337:ÎT
3332:UT
2964:â
2960:â
2373:UT
669:;
640:^
611:.
576:.
546:.
497:^
454:^
276:c.
111:.
57:,
3271:e
3264:t
3257:v
2299:e
2292:t
2285:v
2217:"
2213:"
1020:e
1013:t
1006:v
880:.
853:.
838:.
811:.
743:.
715:.
687:.
667:.
634:.
522:.
491:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
