968:
273:
894:(RSV), which is spread when an infant touches the nose or throat fluids of someone infected. The virus infects the cells causing ciliary dysfunction and death. The debris, edema, and inflammation eventually leads to the symptoms. It is the most common reason for admission of children under the age of one year. It can present widely from a mild respiratory infection to respiratory failure. Since there is no medication to treat the disease, it is only managed supportively with fluids and oxygen.
833:. Risk factors include a diabetic mother, fetal hypoxia, precipitous delivery, and maternal high blood pressure. Its diagnosis is based on meconium stained amniotic fluid at delivery and staining on the skin, nails, and umbilical cord. Aspiration can cause airway obstruction, air-trapping, pneumonia, lung inflammation, and inactivated surfactant. It presents as patchy atelectasis and hyperinflation on an x-ray with a
43:
365:
293:, causing incomplete lung expansion and increased lung stiffness, such as in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Restrictive lung diseases can be divided into two categories: those caused by intrinsic factors and those caused by extrinsic factors. Restrictive lung diseases yielding from intrinsic factors occur within the lungs themselves, such as
855:
440:
is swelling of the tonsils by a bacterial or viral infection. This inflammation can lead to airway obstruction. From tonsillitis can come a peritonsillar abscess which is the most common upper airway infection and occurs primarily in young adults. It causes one swelling of one of tonsils pushing the
883:
is the condition of air escaping overdistended alveoli into the pulmonary interstitium. It is a rare disease that occurs most often in premature infants, even though it is possible to appear in adults. It often presents as a slow deterioration with the need for increased ventilatory support. Chest
822:
and oxygen use. It happens almost exclusively in pre-mature infants and is characterized by the alveoli, and lung vasculature becoming inflamed and damaged. Complications from BPD can follow a patient into adulthood. As a child they may experience learning disabilities, pulmonary hypertension, and
347:
The latest evidence suggests that primary pulmonary rehabilitation and maintenance rehabilitation delivered through telerehabilitation for people with chronic respiratory disease reaches outcomes similar to centre-based rehabilitation. While there are no safety issues identified, the findings are
851:. There are three main causes of PPHN are parenchymal diseases such as meconium aspiration syndrome, idiopathic, and hypoplastic vasculature like in a diaphragmatic hernia. It will eventually resolve in most infants. This is the only syndrome that inhaled nitric oxide is approved for by the FDA.
795:
most commonly occurs in less than six hours after birth in about 1% of all births in the United States. The main risk factor is prematurity with the likelihood of it occurring going up to 71% in infants under 750g. Other risk factors include infant of a diabetic mother (IDM), method of delivery,
731:
that forms in a vein, breaks free, travels through the heart and lodges in the lungs (thromboembolism). Large pulmonary emboli are fatal, causing sudden death. A number of other substances can also embolise (travel through the blood stream) to the lungs but they are much more rare:
1041:
occur each year. A study found that in 2010, there were approximately 6.8 million emergency department visits for respiratory disorders in the U.S. for patients under the age of 18. In 2012, respiratory conditions were the most frequent reasons for hospital stays among children.
3558:
2405:
2386:
502:
is a genetic disorder causing the cilia to not move in a coordinated manner. This causes chronic respiratory infections, cough, and nasal congestion. This can lead to bronchiectasis, which can cause life-threatening breathing issues.
692:. This may be due to fluid shifting from the bloodstream into the pleural cavity due to conditions such as congestive heart failure and cirrhosis. It may also be due to inflammation of the pleura itself as can occur with infection,
707:
is a particularly severe form of this condition where the air in the pleural cavity cannot escape, so the pneumothorax keeps getting bigger until it compresses the heart and blood vessels, leading to a life-threatening situation.
1746:
Fanaroff, Avroy A.; Stoll, Barbara J.; Wright, Linda L.; Carlo, Waldemar A.; Ehrenkranz, Richard A.; Stark, Ann R.; Bauer, Charles R.; Donovan, Edward F.; Korones, Sheldon B.; Laptook, Abbot R.; Lemons, James A. (February 2007).
771:
Pulmonary hemorrhage, inflammation and damage to capillaries in the lung resulting in blood leaking into the alveoli. This may cause blood to be coughed up. Pulmonary hemorrhage can be due to auto-immune disorders such as
804:, and male sex. The widely accepted pathophysiology of respiratory distress syndrome is it caused by insufficient surfactant production and immature lung and vascular development. The lack of surfactant makes the lungs
445:
to the unaffected side. Diagnosis is usually made based on the presentation and examination. Symptoms generally include fever, sore throat, trouble swallowing, and sounding like they have a "hot potato" in their mouth.
3551:
843:(PPHN) is a syndrome that occurs from an abnormal transition to extra-uterine life. It is marked by an elevated pulmonary vascular resistance and vasoconstriction causing a right-to-left shunt of the blood through the
220:. This limits the amount of air that is able to enter alveoli because of constriction of the bronchial tree, due to inflammation. Obstructive lung diseases are often identified because of symptoms and diagnosed with
3544:
178:. Respiratory diseases can be classified in many different ways, including by the organ or tissue involved, by the type and pattern of associated signs and symptoms, or by the cause of the disease.
416:
is still the primary cause even with vaccinations. Also
Streptococcus pyogenes can cause epiglottitis. Symptoms include drooling, stridor, difficulty breathing and swallowing, and a hoarse voice.
2844:
189:
who specializes in respiratory disease is known as a pulmonologist, a chest medicine specialist, a respiratory medicine specialist, a respirologist or a thoracic medicine specialist.
873:, multiple gestations, and maternal asthma. It usually presents with tachypnea and increased work of breathing. On an x-ray diffuse infiltrates, interlobar fissures, and sometimes
1554:
877:
can be seen. It is a diagnosis of exclusion because of its similarity to other diseases and frequently CPAP is used to help push the lung fluid into the pulmonary vasculature.
754:(i.e. of unknown cause) but it can be due to the effects of another disease, particularly COPD. This can lead to strain on the right side of the heart, a condition known as
2346:
356:
Infections can affect any part of the respiratory system. They are traditionally divided into upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections.
4256:
1813:
520:, are a major health problem responsible for 15% of all cancer diagnoses and 30% of all cancer deaths. The majority of respiratory system cancers are attributable to
309:
Chronic respiratory diseases are long-term diseases of the airways and other structures of the lung. They are characterized by a high inflammatory cell recruitment (
2463:
2253:
297:
due to inflammation or toxins. Conversely, restrictive lung diseases caused by extrinsic factors result from conditions originating from outside the lungs such as
434:. It most commonly occurs in winter months in children between the ages of 3 months and 5 years. A severe form caused by bacteria is called bacterial tracheitis.
3308:
812:. It has a ground glass appearance on an x-ray. Symptoms can include tachypnea, nasal flaring, paradoxical chest movement, grunting, and subcostal retractions.
703:
is a hole in the pleura covering the lung allowing air in the lung to escape into the pleural cavity. The affected lung "collapses" like a deflated balloon. A
808:
causing a ventilation to perfusion mismatch, lowered compliance, and increased air resistance. This causes hypoxia and respiratory acidosis which can lead to
3932:
3947:
3937:
646:, and is only about 14–17% overall. In the case of metastases to the lung, treatment can occasionally be curative but only in certain, rare circumstances.
1931:
669:
3063:
491:
Poor oral care may be a contributing factor to lower respiratory disease, as bacteria from gum disease may travel through airways and into the lungs.
4622:
4743:
1640:
3087:
2859:
967:
3927:
642:, are all used. The chance of surviving lung cancer depends on the cancer stage at the time the cancer is diagnosed, and to some extent on the
2834:
2304:
1203:
1046:
328:
209:
4249:
3830:
792:
595:
In addition, since many cancers spread via the bloodstream and the entire cardiac output passes through the lungs, it is common for cancer
3520:
3303:
3058:
2456:
931:
332:
484:. Pneumonia may develop complications such as a lung abscess, a round cavity in the lung caused by the infection, or may spread to the
4693:
4548:
3835:
3313:
3109:
2282:
1562:
862:
869:
without the onset of labor because absorption of amniotic fluid in the lungs has not yet commenced. Other risk factors are male sex,
3613:
3510:
3290:
2790:
2485:
2480:
1220:
473:
373:
171:
2215:
1061:. Respiratory diseases (including lung cancer) are responsible for over 10% of hospitalizations and over 16% of deaths in Canada.
1037:
Respiratory disease is a common and significant cause of illness and death around the world. In the US, approximately one billion
4156:
4131:
3922:
880:
773:
4242:
4223:
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3741:
3254:
2330:
747:
4612:
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2058:
1842:
1483:
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x-ray is the standard for diagnosis where it is seen as linear or cystic translucencies extending to the edges of the lungs.
2991:
1725:
1089:
2096:
2030:
1805:
1264:
5046:
4339:
3915:
3099:
2173:
1533:
797:
279:
2237:
1454:
4956:
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4151:
4074:
3892:
3840:
3298:
3249:
3082:
3020:
840:
826:
272:
1784:
1425:
1111:
Sengupta N, Sahidullah M, Saha G (August 2016). "Lung sound classification using cepstral-based statistical features".
4631:
4580:
4431:
4141:
4046:
3983:
3259:
1317:
Cox NS, Dal Corso S, Hansen H, McDonald CF, Hill CJ, Zanaboni P, et al. (Cochrane
Airways Group) (January 2021).
891:
3864:
4951:
4585:
3988:
3978:
3869:
3445:
956:
815:
540:
499:
4736:
1064:
In 2011, respiratory disease with ventilator support accounted for 93.3% of ICU utilization in the United States.
4997:
4493:
4424:
4405:
4018:
3727:
3723:
3683:
3536:
3318:
2943:
2917:
2642:
2543:
2305:"Public Health Agency of Canada – Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control Chronic Respiratory Diseases"
870:
777:
4436:
3094:
1293:
372:
The upper airway is defined as all the structures connecting the glottis to the mouth and nose. The most common
4987:
4910:
4569:
4400:
4294:
4084:
4005:
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2907:
2900:
2805:
2766:
2713:
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2649:
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2424:
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is caused by the retention of alveolar fluid in the lungs. It commonly occurs in infants who are delivered via
848:
460:
286:
221:
213:
175:
3073:
1920:
2118:"Bronchiolitis: Recommendations for diagnosis, monitoring and management of children one to 24 months of age"
1045:
In the UK, approximately 1 in 7 individuals are affected by some form of chronic lung disease, most commonly
4729:
4602:
4471:
4180:
4146:
3751:
3671:
3661:
3608:
3222:
2864:
2780:
2655:
951:
942:
936:
665:
335:. CRDs are not curable; however, various forms of treatment that help dilate major air passages and improve
4928:
4905:
4874:
4419:
4366:
4356:
4265:
4061:
3879:
3788:
3771:
3348:
3201:
3162:
3077:
3030:
2729:
2572:
1194:
Reid PT, Innes JA (2014). "Respiratory
Diseases". In Walker BR, Colledge NR, Ralston SH, Penman I (eds.).
854:
819:
809:
789:
Pulmonary diseases also impact newborns and the disorders are often unique from those that affect adults.
622:
Treatment of respiratory system cancer depends on the type of cancer. Surgical removal of part of a lung (
535:
481:
412:
319:
310:
131:
1632:
4851:
4607:
4543:
3995:
3703:
2610:
2582:
844:
717:
298:
736:(particularly after bony injury), amniotic fluid embolism (with complications of labour and delivery),
4992:
4938:
4662:
4517:
4481:
4316:
4311:
4033:
4023:
3825:
3781:
3227:
3179:
3167:
2981:
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2538:
823:
hearing problems. As an adult, there is an increased likelihood for asthma and exercise intolerance.
704:
616:
603:
may invade directly through local spread, and through lymph node metastases. After metastasis to the
576:
290:
5020:
4961:
4825:
4344:
4218:
4201:
4051:
3907:
3495:
3462:
3208:
3157:
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2409:
561:
336:
151:
2308:
4807:
4672:
4667:
4647:
4505:
4381:
4136:
4092:
4069:
3959:
3736:
3353:
3218:
3174:
3006:
2927:
2854:
2724:
765:
724:
217:
155:
119:
654:
Benign tumors are relatively rare causes of respiratory disease. Examples of benign tumors are:
4879:
4797:
4766:
4710:
4626:
4592:
4394:
4349:
4331:
3969:
3887:
3857:
3798:
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3593:
3475:
2719:
2548:
2509:
2338:
2245:
2207:
2155:
2137:
2088:
2022:
1995:
1977:
1902:
1884:
1776:
1768:
1699:
1614:
1525:
1517:
1417:
1409:
1348:
1256:
1199:
1176:
1128:
866:
693:
123:
103:
70:
4923:
4527:
4476:
4386:
4301:
4211:
4038:
3698:
3639:
3603:
3418:
3411:
3275:
3196:
3035:
2971:
2820:
2145:
2129:
1985:
1969:
1892:
1876:
1760:
1689:
1679:
1604:
1596:
1338:
1330:
1166:
1158:
1120:
946:
874:
801:
689:
2274:
902:
Respiratory diseases may be investigated by performing one or more of the following tests:
4838:
4812:
4705:
4553:
4522:
4168:
3954:
3846:
3766:
3440:
3392:
3280:
3231:
3152:
3068:
2876:
761:
631:
612:
521:
430:. On an X-ray, croup can be recognized by the "steeple sign", which is a narrowing of the
257:
249:
2199:
4933:
4651:
4641:
4498:
4456:
4321:
3793:
3651:
3378:
3040:
2951:
2871:
2681:
2676:
2150:
2117:
1990:
1957:
1897:
1864:
1694:
1667:
1609:
1584:
1343:
1318:
1171:
1146:
485:
442:
276:
253:
241:
237:
205:
127:
426:
typically lasting five to six days. The main symptom is a barking cough and low-grade
5040:
5025:
4657:
4413:
4326:
3732:
3572:
3470:
3184:
2895:
2441:
1124:
887:
755:
635:
627:
600:
406:
is a bacterial infection of the larynx which causes life-threatening swelling of the
2418:
2414:
5007:
5002:
4974:
4802:
4779:
4597:
4466:
4448:
4306:
3852:
3693:
3407:
3360:
2745:
2697:
2566:
1334:
1038:
917:
834:
737:
733:
700:
639:
608:
604:
584:
465:
403:
389:
294:
159:
95:
2050:
1834:
1475:
1398:"Acute epiglottitis in adults: an under-recognized and life-threatening condition"
364:
62:
2429:
1880:
1717:
1081:
890:
is the swelling and buildup of mucus in the bronchioles. It is usually caused by
4861:
4856:
4636:
4196:
4098:
3964:
3666:
3505:
3452:
3435:
3430:
3383:
3338:
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3104:
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2705:
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2600:
2555:
2490:
1402:
South Dakota
Medicine: The Journal of the South Dakota State Medical Association
1162:
922:
805:
517:
437:
423:
393:
385:
380:. However, infections of specific organs of the upper respiratory tract such as
377:
182:
167:
143:
135:
115:
75:
42:
2177:
2080:
2014:
1764:
1505:
1250:
4698:
4617:
4512:
4289:
4284:
4206:
4163:
4104:
3942:
3425:
3025:
3011:
2986:
2961:
2956:
2890:
2839:
2761:
2737:
2686:
2560:
2525:
2500:
1446:
1249:
Martinez-Pitre PJ, Sabbula BR, Cascella M (2020). "Restrictive Lung
Disease".
1054:
912:
751:
741:
728:
596:
458:, an infection of the lungs which is usually caused by bacteria, particularly
407:
397:
225:
201:
50:
2141:
1981:
1888:
1772:
1749:"Trends in neonatal morbidity and mortality for very low birthweight infants"
1521:
1413:
1228:
17:
4761:
4574:
4109:
3568:
3500:
3132:
3001:
2996:
2966:
2517:
2399:
2395:
1748:
1397:
1058:
659:
643:
623:
557:
528:
455:
381:
314:
282:(DALY) rates from respiratory diseases by country (per 100,000 inhabitants).
245:
229:
186:
139:
99:
91:
54:
2342:
2329:
Barrett ML, Smith MW, Elizhauser A, Honigman LS, Pines JM (December 2014).
2249:
2211:
2159:
2133:
2092:
2026:
1999:
1906:
1780:
1703:
1618:
1529:
1421:
1352:
1260:
1180:
1132:
228:. Many obstructive lung diseases are managed by avoiding triggers (such as
1973:
1600:
4234:
3902:
3515:
3400:
2800:
2533:
830:
588:
571:
565:
477:
2378:
1684:
4721:
3625:
2753:
2629:
927:
682:
581:
431:
233:
147:
111:
107:
58:
1285:
134:. Respiratory diseases range from mild and self-limiting, such as the
4784:
4279:
3629:
2850:
2663:
2592:
2390:
1050:
906:
324:
261:
197:
163:
2238:"Overview of Hospital Stays for Children in the United States, 2012"
1219:
Sharma S (5 June 2006). Grier LR, Ouellette DR, Mosenifar Z (eds.).
1396:
Westerhuis, Brian; Bietz, Mandi
Greenway; Lindemann, Janet (2013).
750:, elevated pressure in the pulmonary arteries. Most commonly it is
4013:
3760:
2671:
2337:(185). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
2244:(186). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
2116:
Friedman, Jeremy N; Rieder, Michael J; Walton, Jennifer M (2014).
966:
853:
469:
427:
419:
363:
271:
289:
are a category of respiratory disease characterized by a loss of
4676:
4375:
2620:
1835:"Meconium aspiration syndrome: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
4725:
4238:
3540:
2445:
768:(or air spaces). It is usually due to congestive heart failure.
1583:
Gomes-Filho IS, Passos JS, Seixas da Cruz S (December 2010).
1198:(22nd ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 661–730.
971:
Deaths from respiratory diseases per million persons in 2012
468:
is an important cause of pneumonia. Other pathogens such as
339:
can help control symptoms and increase the quality of life.
716:
Pulmonary vascular diseases are conditions that affect the
1956:
Reuter, Suzanne; Moser, Chuanpit; Baack, Michelle (2014).
688:
A collection of fluid in the pleural cavity is known as a
410:
with a mortality rate of 7% in adults and 1% in children.
764:, leakage of fluid from capillaries of the lung into the
516:
Malignant tumors of the respiratory system, particularly
2200:"Overview of Children in the Emergency Department, 2010"
1668:"Pleural effusion: diagnosis, treatment, and management"
400:
are also considered upper respiratory tract infections.
348:
based on evidence limited by a small number of studies.
240:, and with suppression of inflammation (such as through
422:(Laryngotracheobronchitis) is a viral infection of the
829:
occurs in full term or post-term infants who aspirate
244:) in severe cases. One common cause of COPD including
94:
conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make
454:
The most common lower respiratory tract infection is
2368:
1319:"Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease"
818:
is a condition that occurs after birth usually from
4686:
4562:
4536:
4447:
4365:
4272:
4189:
4124:
4083:
4060:
4032:
4004:
3901:
3878:
3816:
3809:
3750:
3716:
3680:
3648:
3622:
3590:
3579:
3488:
3461:
3391:
3377:
3331:
3289:
3268:
3242:
3145:
3131:
3122:
3051:
2936:
2916:
2799:
2779:
2619:
2499:
2479:
2372:
2206:(157). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
1585:"Respiratory disease and the role of oral bacteria"
696:, tuberculosis, mesothelioma and other conditions.
69:
57:is a respiratory disease, strongly associated with
35:
2198:Wier LM, Yu H, Owens PL, Washington R (May 2013).
1633:"Primary ciliary dyskinesia: MedlinePlus Genetics"
343:Telerehabilitation for chronic respiratory disease
2236:Witt WP, Wiess AJ, Elixhauser A (December 2014).
2079:Justice, Nathaniel A.; Le, Jacqueline K. (2022),
2051:"Bronchiolitis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
841:Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn
2087:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
2021:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
1255:. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
945:scanning can be useful to detect fluid such as
2331:"Utilization of Intensive Care Services, 2011"
1196:Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine
4737:
4250:
3552:
2457:
2174:"National Institutes of Health – common cold"
1753:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
181:The study of respiratory disease is known as
8:
2013:Jalota Sahota, Ruchi; Anjum, Fatima (2022),
1323:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
495:Upper and lower respiratory tract infection
472:and fungi can cause pneumonia, for example
4744:
4730:
4722:
4257:
4243:
4235:
3813:
3587:
3559:
3545:
3537:
3388:
3142:
3128:
2933:
2796:
2496:
2464:
2450:
2442:
2369:
670:congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation
41:
32:
3064:Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
2149:
1989:
1896:
1693:
1683:
1608:
1476:"Croup: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
1342:
1170:
744:– caused by invasive medical procedures).
531:types of respiratory system cancer are:
102:animals. They include conditions of the
3088:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
1555:"Respiratory Disease & Oral Health"
1383:Neonatal and Pediatric Respiratory Care
1073:
587:, almost always caused by exposure to
1958:"Respiratory Distress in the Newborn"
1937:from the original on 18 February 2023
1666:Karkhanis VS, Joshi JM (2012-06-22).
1661:
1659:
1657:
1286:"Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs)"
1047:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
611:frequently metastasizes to the lung.
368:Classic steeple sign indicating croup
329:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
210:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
7:
4623:oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve
3831:Infant respiratory distress syndrome
2285:from the original on 20 January 2022
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1312:
1310:
837:of pneumomediastinum also possible.
793:Infant respiratory distress syndrome
301:and irregular chest wall movements.
3521:Idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis
1504:Galioto, Nicholas J. (2017-04-15).
932:high-resolution computed tomography
548:Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung
333:acute respiratory distress syndrome
4549:hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
3836:Transient tachypnea of the newborn
3110:Vaping-associated pulmonary injury
2473:Diseases of the respiratory system
2015:"Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema"
1863:Steinhorn, Robin H. (March 2010).
863:Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
619:may also metastasize to the lung.
172:severe acute respiratory syndromes
25:
3614:Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
1865:"Neonatal Pulmonary Hypertension"
1113:Computers in Biology and Medicine
1092:from the original on 12 June 2020
664:Congenital malformations such as
474:severe acute respiratory syndrome
464:in Western countries. Worldwide,
450:Lower respiratory tract infection
374:upper respiratory tract infection
360:Upper respiratory tract infection
27:Disease of the respiratory system
4132:Vertically transmitted infection
1869:Pediatric Critical Care Medicine
1125:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2016.05.013
881:Pulmonary interstitial emphysema
858:Pulmonary interstitial emphysema
774:granulomatosis with polyangiitis
681:Pleural cavity diseases include
236:), with symptom control such as
4224:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
4174:Group B streptococcal infection
3742:Intrauterine growth restriction
2349:from the original on 2015-04-02
2256:from the original on 2018-09-24
2218:from the original on 2013-12-03
2099:from the original on 2022-08-14
2061:from the original on 2023-01-30
2033:from the original on 2023-12-26
1845:from the original on 2022-05-11
1816:from the original on 2023-01-11
1787:from the original on 2022-05-06
1728:from the original on 2020-05-18
1643:from the original on 2023-02-19
1559:United Concordia Companies, Inc
1536:from the original on 2022-05-16
1486:from the original on 2023-02-19
1457:from the original on 2020-12-03
1428:from the original on 2022-09-22
1296:from the original on 2018-10-30
1267:from the original on 2022-01-28
1147:"COVID-19 and vascular disease"
748:Pulmonary arterial hypertension
638:), along with chemotherapy and
323:). Some of the most common are
3567:Conditions originating in the
3526:Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
2122:Paediatrics & Child Health
1672:Open Access Emergency Medicine
1335:10.1002/14651858.CD013040.pub2
939:from secretions such as sputum
798:prolonged rupture of membranes
518:primary carcinomas of the lung
313:) and/or destructive cycle of
256:include severe infections and
1:
3916:Vitamin K deficiency bleeding
3100:Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
280:disability-adjusted life year
248:, and chronic bronchitis, is
4957:Obstetric labor complication
4075:Periventricular leukomalacia
3893:Persistent fetal circulation
3841:Meconium aspiration syndrome
3083:Respiratory hypersensitivity
3021:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
1928:Food and Drug Administration
1881:10.1097/PCC.0b013e3181c76cdc
1806:"Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia"
1589:Journal of Oral Microbiology
827:Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
352:Respiratory tract infections
4581:Ventilation/perfusion ratio
4432:pulmonary stretch receptors
3984:Intraventricular hemorrhage
2992:Coalworker's pneumoconiosis
1163:10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102966
892:respiratory syncytial virus
685:which are mentioned above.
305:Chronic respiratory disease
5063:
4952:Complications of pregnancy
4613:alveolar–arterial gradient
3989:Germinal matrix hemorrhage
3979:Velamentous cord insertion
3870:Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
2845:Acute exacerbation of COPD
1765:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.09.014
1221:"Restrictive Lung Disease"
957:Ventilation–perfusion scan
816:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
800:(PROM), maternal toxemia,
796:fetal asphyxia, genetics,
712:Pulmonary vascular disease
599:to occur within the lung.
545:Adenocarcinoma of the lung
541:Non-small cell lung cancer
500:Primary ciliary dyskinesia
260:. The definitive cause of
53:of an emphysematous lung;
5016:
4998:Connective tissue disease
4983:
4970:
4947:
4919:
4901:
4888:
4870:
4847:
4834:
4821:
4793:
4775:
4757:
4494:respiratory minute volume
4406:ventral respiratory group
4019:Necrotizing enterocolitis
3728:Large for gestational age
3724:Small for gestational age
1510:American Family Physician
1290:World Health Organization
937:Culture of microorganisms
551:Large cell lung carcinoma
299:neuromuscular dysfunction
287:Restrictive lung diseases
268:Restrictive lung diseases
214:obstructive lung diseases
49:
40:
4988:Musculoskeletal disorder
4911:Gastrointestinal disease
4401:dorsal respiratory group
4295:obligate nasal breathing
2908:Diffuse panbronchiolitis
2901:Bronchiolitis obliterans
2767:Laryngotracheal stenosis
2714:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2692:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2650:Laryngopharyngeal reflux
2578:Nasal septum perforation
461:Streptococcus pneumoniae
222:pulmonary function tests
193:Obstructive lung disease
4603:pulmonary gas pressures
4181:Neonatal conjunctivitis
3672:Single umbilical artery
3662:Umbilical cord prolapse
3609:Placental insufficiency
3582:complicating pregnancy,
2656:Retropharyngeal abscess
2279:British Lung Foundation
1506:"Peritonsillar Abscess"
1157:: 102966. August 2020.
952:Pulmonary function test
677:Pleural cavity diseases
666:pulmonary sequestration
634:) or of an entire lung
615:, germ cell cancer and
252:, and common causes of
4929:Female genital disease
4906:Maxillofacial disorder
4875:Cardiovascular disease
4357:mechanical ventilation
4266:Respiratory physiology
4157:ureaplasma urealyticum
3865:Wilson–Mikity syndrome
3789:Brachial plexus injury
3349:Pulmonary hypertension
3078:Eosinophilic pneumonia
2730:Vocal cord dysfunction
2573:Nasal septum deviation
2335:HCUP Statistical Brief
2242:HCUP Statistical Brief
2204:HCUP Statistical Brief
1034:
859:
820:mechanical ventilation
810:pulmonary hypertension
778:Goodpasture's syndrome
536:Small cell lung cancer
482:pneumocystis pneumonia
413:Haemophilus influenzae
369:
320:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
283:
132:muscles of respiration
4852:Neurological disorder
4608:alveolar gas equation
4544:pulmonary circulation
4105:Congenital hypertonia
3996:Anemia of prematurity
3704:Shoulder presentation
3476:Mediastinal emphysema
3255:Healthcare-associated
3185:Legionnaires' disease
2611:Peritonsillar abscess
2583:Nasal septal hematoma
1974:10.1542/pir.35-10-417
1601:10.3402/jom.v2i0.5811
1381:Walsh, Brian (2019).
970:
909:of the lung or pleura
857:
718:pulmonary circulation
367:
275:
5047:Respiratory diseases
4993:Soft tissue disorder
4939:Male genital disease
4752:Major Disease groups
4663:respiratory quotient
4518:body plethysmography
4437:Hering–Breuer reflex
4312:pulmonary surfactant
4110:Congenital hypotonia
4024:Meconium peritonitis
3826:Intrauterine hypoxia
3782:Subgaleal hemorrhage
3223:Mendelson's syndrome
3095:Hamman–Rich syndrome
2281:. 7 September 2015.
2134:10.1093/pch/19.9.485
1962:Pediatrics in Review
1875:(2 Suppl): S79–S84.
1718:"Pulmonary Embolism"
705:tension pneumothorax
683:pleural mesothelioma
617:renal cell carcinoma
577:Head and neck cancer
556:Other lung cancers (
317:, (e.g. mediated by
146:to life-threatening
84:Respiratory diseases
5021:Congenital disorder
4962:Postpartum disorder
4893:Respiratory disease
4826:Hematologic disease
4506:Lung function tests
4340:hyperresponsiveness
4219:Neonatal withdrawal
4202:Perinatal mortality
4052:Sclerema neonatorum
3908:hematologic disease
3496:Respiratory failure
3463:Mediastinal disease
3031:Bird fancier's lung
2606:Adenoid hypertrophy
1685:10.2147/OAEM.S29942
1408:(8): 309–311, 313.
1231:on 19 December 2008
337:shortness of breath
152:bacterial pneumonia
36:Respiratory disease
4808:Metabolic disorder
4673:diffusion capacity
4668:arterial blood gas
4648:carbonic anhydrase
4382:pneumotaxic center
4152:mycoplasma hominis
4137:Neonatal infection
4093:Gray baby syndrome
4070:Perinatal asphyxia
3960:Hyperbilirubinemia
3737:Postterm pregnancy
3584:labour or delivery
3401:Pleuritis/pleurisy
3354:Pulmonary embolism
3250:Community-acquired
3175:Atypical bacterial
3074:Löffler's syndrome
2855:Status asthmaticus
2840:Chronic bronchitis
2725:Vocal fold paresis
2539:Vasomotor rhinitis
1055:chronic bronchitis
1035:
860:
725:Pulmonary embolism
370:
284:
264:is not yet known.
218:airway obstruction
202:chronic bronchitis
156:pulmonary embolism
5034:
5033:
4880:Lymphatic disease
4798:Endocrine disease
4767:Parasitic disease
4719:
4718:
4627:Oxygen saturation
4593:zones of the lung
4332:airway resistance
4232:
4231:
4120:
4119:
3970:Neonatal jaundice
3888:Pneumopericardium
3858:Pneumomediastinum
3799:Klumpke paralysis
3777:Caput succedaneum
3712:
3711:
3580:Maternal factors
3534:
3533:
3484:
3483:
3441:Empyema/pyothorax
3373:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3327:
3326:
3260:Hospital-acquired
3118:
3117:
2982:Caplan's syndrome
2775:
2774:
2720:Vocal fold nodule
2544:Atrophic rhinitis
2439:
2438:
1205:978-0-7020-5035-0
1049:, which includes
875:pleural effusions
867:caesarean section
849:ductus arteriosus
785:Neonatal diseases
694:pulmonary embolus
216:characterised by
130:, the nerves and
104:respiratory tract
81:
80:
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
5054:
4924:Urologic disease
4746:
4739:
4732:
4723:
4528:nitrogen washout
4387:apneustic center
4302:respiratory rate
4259:
4252:
4245:
4236:
4212:Infant mortality
4047:Erythema toxicum
4039:thermoregulation
4006:Gastrointestinal
3814:
3810:Affected systems
3687:
3655:
3640:Chorioamnionitis
3633:
3604:Placenta praevia
3597:
3588:
3561:
3554:
3547:
3538:
3419:Pleural effusion
3412:Hemopneumothorax
3389:
3143:
3129:
2972:Bauxite fibrosis
2937:External agents/
2934:
2865:Exercise-induced
2821:Acute bronchitis
2797:
2497:
2466:
2459:
2452:
2443:
2370:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2307:. Archived from
2301:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2233:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2176:. Archived from
2170:
2164:
2163:
2153:
2113:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2076:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2010:
2004:
2003:
1993:
1953:
1947:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1936:
1925:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1900:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1802:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1714:
1708:
1707:
1697:
1687:
1663:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1612:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1561:. Archived from
1551:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1378:
1357:
1356:
1346:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1227:. Archived from
1216:
1210:
1209:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1174:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1086:MeSH.nlm.nih.gov
1078:
1030:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
994:
988:
982:
976:
947:pleural effusion
802:chorioamnionitis
720:. Examples are:
690:pleural effusion
562:Kaposi's sarcoma
512:Malignant tumors
277:Age-standardised
45:
33:
21:
5062:
5061:
5057:
5056:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5037:
5036:
5035:
5030:
5012:
4979:
4966:
4943:
4915:
4897:
4884:
4866:
4843:
4839:Mental disorder
4830:
4817:
4813:Immune disorder
4789:
4771:
4753:
4750:
4720:
4715:
4706:oxygen toxicity
4682:
4570:ventilation (V)
4558:
4554:pulmonary shunt
4532:
4523:peak flow meter
4443:
4361:
4268:
4263:
4233:
4228:
4185:
4169:Neonatal sepsis
4116:
4085:Musculoskeletal
4079:
4056:
4037:
4028:
4000:
3955:Hydrops fetalis
3906:
3897:
3874:
3847:Pleural disease
3805:
3767:Cephalohematoma
3746:
3708:
3681:
3676:
3649:
3644:
3623:
3618:
3591:
3583:
3581:
3575:
3565:
3535:
3530:
3480:
3457:
3393:Pleural disease
3382:
3365:
3323:
3285:
3269:By distribution
3264:
3243:By vector/route
3238:
3136:
3124:
3114:
3069:Pulmonary edema
3047:
2942:
2938:
2925:
2921:
2912:
2877:Cystic fibrosis
2804:
2788:
2784:
2771:
2615:
2489:
2483:
2475:
2470:
2440:
2435:
2434:
2381:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2352:
2350:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2314:
2312:
2303:
2302:
2298:
2288:
2286:
2275:"What is COPD?"
2273:
2272:
2268:
2259:
2257:
2235:
2234:
2230:
2221:
2219:
2197:
2196:
2192:
2183:
2181:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2102:
2100:
2081:"Bronchiolitis"
2078:
2077:
2073:
2064:
2062:
2055:medlineplus.gov
2049:
2048:
2044:
2036:
2034:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1968:(10): 417–429.
1955:
1954:
1950:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1848:
1846:
1839:medlineplus.gov
1833:
1832:
1828:
1819:
1817:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1790:
1788:
1759:(2): 147.e1–8.
1745:
1744:
1740:
1731:
1729:
1722:medlineplus.gov
1716:
1715:
1711:
1665:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1644:
1637:medlineplus.gov
1631:
1630:
1626:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1568:
1566:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1539:
1537:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1489:
1487:
1480:medlineplus.gov
1474:
1473:
1469:
1460:
1458:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1431:
1429:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1379:
1360:
1329:(1): CD013040.
1316:
1315:
1308:
1299:
1297:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1268:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1234:
1232:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1145:
1144:
1140:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1095:
1093:
1082:"Lung diseases"
1080:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1033:
1032:
1031: 594–1,227
1028:
1026:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1002:
998:
996:
992:
990:
986:
984:
980:
978:
974:
965:
900:
787:
762:Pulmonary edema
714:
679:
652:
632:wedge resection
613:Prostate cancer
522:smoking tobacco
514:
509:
497:
452:
362:
354:
307:
291:lung compliance
270:
258:cystic fibrosis
250:tobacco smoking
242:corticosteroids
238:bronchodilators
212:(COPD) are all
195:
106:including the
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5060:
5058:
5050:
5049:
5039:
5038:
5032:
5031:
5029:
5028:
5023:
5017:
5014:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4936:
4934:Breast disease
4931:
4926:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4908:
4902:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4842:
4841:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4829:
4828:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4787:
4782:
4776:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4764:
4758:
4755:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4748:
4741:
4734:
4726:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4702:
4701:
4690:
4688:
4684:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4652:chloride shift
4645:
4642:Haldane effect
4639:
4634:
4629:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4589:
4588:
4583:
4572:
4566:
4564:
4560:
4559:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4499:FEV1/FVC ratio
4496:
4491:
4489:
4485:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4453:
4451:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4439:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4414:chemoreceptors
4410:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4371:
4369:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4359:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4322:elastic recoil
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4276:
4274:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4262:
4261:
4254:
4247:
4239:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4209:
4199:
4193:
4191:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4166:
4161:
4160:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4147:herpes simplex
4144:
4134:
4128:
4126:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4107:
4095:
4089:
4087:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4066:
4064:
4062:Nervous system
4058:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4049:
4043:
4041:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4010:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3993:
3992:
3991:
3981:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3957:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3919:
3918:
3912:
3910:
3899:
3898:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3884:
3882:
3880:Cardiovascular
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3822:
3820:
3811:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3796:
3786:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3756:
3754:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3690:
3688:
3678:
3677:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3652:umbilical cord
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3585:
3577:
3576:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3541:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3492:
3490:
3486:
3485:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3478:
3473:
3467:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3404:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3386:
3379:Pleural cavity
3375:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3263:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3225:
3211:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3155:
3149:
3147:
3140:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3080:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3041:Lycoperdonosis
3038:
3033:
3028:
3017:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2952:Pneumoconiosis
2948:
2946:
2931:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2893:
2888:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2872:Bronchiectasis
2869:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2848:
2842:
2832:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2810:
2808:
2794:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2757:
2749:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2711:
2709:
2701:
2700:
2695:
2689:
2684:
2682:Laryngeal cyst
2679:
2677:Laryngomalacia
2674:
2669:
2667:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2635:
2633:
2625:
2623:
2617:
2616:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2596:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2531:
2529:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2513:
2505:
2503:
2494:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2446:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2421:
2402:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2373:Classification
2366:
2365:External links
2363:
2360:
2359:
2321:
2296:
2266:
2228:
2190:
2165:
2128:(9): 485–491.
2108:
2071:
2042:
2005:
1948:
1912:
1855:
1826:
1797:
1738:
1709:
1653:
1624:
1575:
1546:
1516:(8): 501–506.
1496:
1467:
1453:. 2017-10-18.
1447:"Epiglottitis"
1438:
1388:
1358:
1306:
1277:
1241:
1211:
1204:
1186:
1138:
1103:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1027:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
997:
991:
985:
979:
973:
972:
964:
961:
960:
959:
954:
949:
940:
934:
925:
920:
915:
910:
899:
896:
786:
783:
782:
781:
769:
759:
745:
713:
710:
678:
675:
674:
673:
662:
651:
648:
593:
592:
579:
574:
569:
554:
553:
552:
549:
546:
538:
513:
510:
508:
505:
496:
493:
486:pleural cavity
451:
448:
361:
358:
353:
350:
306:
303:
269:
266:
254:bronchiectasis
206:bronchiectasis
194:
191:
128:pleural cavity
79:
78:
73:
67:
66:
47:
46:
38:
37:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5059:
5048:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5027:
5026:Fetal disease
5024:
5022:
5019:
5018:
5015:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4982:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4946:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4922:
4921:
4918:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4903:
4900:
4894:
4891:
4890:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4872:
4869:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4849:
4846:
4840:
4837:
4836:
4833:
4827:
4824:
4823:
4820:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4792:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4777:
4774:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4747:
4742:
4740:
4735:
4733:
4728:
4727:
4724:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4695:
4694:high altitude
4692:
4691:
4689:
4687:Insufficiency
4685:
4678:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4658:oxyhemoglobin
4656:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4567:
4565:
4561:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4503:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4438:
4435:
4434:
4433:
4430:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4396:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4364:
4358:
4355:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4327:hysteresivity
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4282:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4260:
4255:
4253:
4248:
4246:
4241:
4240:
4237:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4188:
4182:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4171:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4100:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4003:
3997:
3994:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3909:
3904:
3900:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3749:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3733:Preterm birth
3731:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3679:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3595:
3589:
3586:
3578:
3574:
3573:fetal disease
3570:
3562:
3557:
3555:
3550:
3548:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:Other/general
3487:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3471:Mediastinitis
3469:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3380:
3376:
3362:
3359:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3267:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3241:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3214:noninfectious
3212:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3176:
3173:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3134:
3130:
3127:
3123:Obstructive /
3121:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3036:Farmer's lung
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2896:Bronchiolitis
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2462:
2460:
2455:
2453:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2325:
2322:
2311:on 2008-04-11
2310:
2306:
2300:
2297:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2270:
2267:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2232:
2229:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2194:
2191:
2180:on 2008-10-01
2179:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2112:
2109:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2075:
2072:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2006:
2001:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1952:
1949:
1933:
1929:
1922:
1916:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1856:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1739:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1579:
1576:
1565:on 2016-03-04
1564:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1547:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1497:
1485:
1481:
1477:
1471:
1468:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1392:
1389:
1384:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1245:
1242:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1215:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1197:
1190:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1142:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1119:(1): 118–29.
1118:
1114:
1107:
1104:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1025: 441–593
1019: 366–440
1013: 309–365
1007: 276–308
1001: 226-–75
995: 197–225
989: 170–196
983: 126–169
969:
962:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
944:
941:
938:
935:
933:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
908:
905:
904:
903:
897:
895:
893:
889:
888:Bronchiolitis
885:
882:
878:
876:
872:
868:
864:
856:
852:
850:
846:
845:foramen ovale
842:
838:
836:
832:
828:
824:
821:
817:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
794:
790:
784:
779:
775:
770:
767:
763:
760:
757:
756:cor pulmonale
753:
749:
746:
743:
739:
735:
730:
726:
723:
722:
721:
719:
711:
709:
706:
702:
697:
695:
691:
686:
684:
676:
671:
667:
663:
661:
657:
656:
655:
650:Benign tumors
649:
647:
645:
641:
637:
636:pneumonectomy
633:
629:
628:segmentectomy
625:
620:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
601:Breast cancer
598:
590:
586:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
567:
563:
559:
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550:
547:
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511:
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366:
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149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
100:air-breathing
98:difficult in
97:
93:
89:
88:lung diseases
85:
77:
74:
72:
68:
64:
63:H&E stain
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
39:
34:
19:
18:Lung diseases
5008:Chondropathy
5003:Bone disease
4975:Skin disease
4892:
4803:Malnutrition
4780:Benign tumor
4598:gas exchange
4563:Interactions
4488:calculations
4449:Lung volumes
4412:
4393:
4374:
4345:constriction
4307:respirometer
4097:
3853:Pneumothorax
3845:
3817:
3759:
3752:Birth trauma
3694:Breech birth
3684:presentation
3682:
3650:
3624:
3592:
3408:Pneumothorax
3361:Lung abscess
3343:
3213:
3202:Pneumocystis
3163:Pneumococcal
2944:lung disease
2940:occupational
2918:Interstitial
2883:
2827:
2813:
2786:lung disease
2785:
2752:
2746:Epiglottitis
2736:
2704:
2698:Laryngospasm
2662:
2643:Strep throat
2628:
2591:
2567:nasal septum
2565:
2524:
2508:
2472:
2423:
2404:
2385:
2351:. Retrieved
2334:
2324:
2313:. Retrieved
2309:the original
2299:
2287:. Retrieved
2278:
2269:
2258:. Retrieved
2241:
2231:
2220:. Retrieved
2203:
2193:
2182:. Retrieved
2178:the original
2168:
2125:
2121:
2111:
2101:, retrieved
2084:
2074:
2063:. Retrieved
2054:
2045:
2035:, retrieved
2018:
2008:
1965:
1961:
1951:
1939:. Retrieved
1927:
1915:
1872:
1868:
1858:
1847:. Retrieved
1838:
1829:
1818:. Retrieved
1810:www.lung.org
1809:
1800:
1789:. Retrieved
1756:
1752:
1741:
1730:. Retrieved
1721:
1712:
1675:
1671:
1645:. Retrieved
1636:
1627:
1592:
1588:
1578:
1567:. Retrieved
1563:the original
1558:
1549:
1538:. Retrieved
1513:
1509:
1499:
1488:. Retrieved
1479:
1470:
1459:. Retrieved
1450:
1441:
1430:. Retrieved
1405:
1401:
1391:
1382:
1326:
1322:
1298:. Retrieved
1289:
1280:
1269:. Retrieved
1251:
1244:
1233:. Retrieved
1229:the original
1224:
1214:
1195:
1189:
1154:
1151:eBioMedicine
1150:
1141:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1094:. Retrieved
1085:
1076:
1063:
1044:
1039:common colds
1036:
977: 19–125
963:Epidemiology
930:, including
918:Bronchoscopy
901:
886:
879:
861:
839:
835:pneumothorax
825:
814:
791:
788:
738:air embolism
734:fat embolism
715:
701:pneumothorax
698:
687:
680:
653:
640:radiotherapy
621:
609:colon cancer
594:
585:mesothelioma
529:histological
526:
515:
498:
490:
466:tuberculosis
459:
453:
436:
418:
411:
404:Epiglottitis
402:
390:otitis media
371:
355:
346:
342:
341:
318:
308:
295:tissue death
285:
196:
180:
164:acute asthma
160:tuberculosis
96:gas exchange
92:pathological
87:
83:
82:
4862:Ear disease
4857:Eye disease
4637:Bohr effect
4537:Circulation
4273:Respiration
4197:Miscarriage
4099:muscle tone
3965:Kernicterus
3818:Respiratory
3794:Erb's palsy
3699:Asynclitism
3667:Nuchal cord
3506:Common cold
3453:Fibrothorax
3436:Chylothorax
3431:Hydrothorax
3384:mediastinum
3344:circulatory
3339:Atelectasis
3146:By pathogen
3138:pneumonitis
3125:Restrictive
3105:Sarcoidosis
2977:Berylliosis
2923:restrictive
2884:unspecified
2806:obstructive
2789:(including
2706:vocal cords
2638:Pharyngitis
2601:Tonsillitis
2556:Nasal polyp
2491:common cold
2484:(including
1385:. Elsevier.
923:Chest X-ray
806:atelectatic
438:Tonsillitis
424:vocal cords
394:pharyngitis
386:tonsillitis
378:common cold
183:pulmonology
168:lung cancer
144:pharyngitis
136:common cold
116:bronchioles
76:Pulmonology
4699:death zone
4618:hemoglobin
4513:spirometry
4472:dead space
4425:peripheral
4350:dilatation
4336:bronchial
4317:compliance
4290:exhalation
4285:inhalation
4207:Stillbirth
4164:Omphalitis
4125:Infections
4034:Integument
3426:Hemothorax
3228:Aspiration
3190:Chlamydiae
3180:Mycoplasma
3168:Klebsiella
3026:Bagassosis
3012:Byssinosis
2987:Chalicosis
2962:Asbestosis
2957:Aluminosis
2891:Bronchitis
2762:Tracheitis
2738:epiglottis
2687:Laryngitis
2561:Rhinorrhea
2353:2015-04-06
2315:2008-05-06
2260:2015-04-06
2222:2013-07-17
2184:2008-05-07
2103:2022-05-14
2085:StatPearls
2065:2022-05-14
2037:2022-05-14
2019:StatPearls
1849:2022-05-11
1820:2022-05-07
1791:2022-05-06
1732:2022-03-22
1647:2022-05-16
1569:2015-01-19
1540:2022-05-16
1490:2022-05-16
1461:2022-05-16
1432:2022-05-16
1300:2020-10-05
1271:2020-12-04
1252:StatPearls
1235:2008-04-19
1068:References
943:Ultrasound
913:Blood test
871:macrosomia
752:idiopathic
742:iatrogenic
729:blood clot
658:Pulmonary
597:metastases
527:The major
408:epiglottis
398:laryngitis
311:neutrophil
230:dust mites
226:spirometry
174:, such as
51:Micrograph
4762:Infection
4575:Perfusion
3933:Anti-Kell
3571:period /
3569:perinatal
3501:Influenza
3446:Malignant
3209:Parasitic
3158:Bacterial
3133:Pneumonia
3002:Silicosis
2997:Siderosis
2967:Baritosis
2801:Bronchial
2549:Hay fever
2518:Sinusitis
2142:1205-7088
1982:0191-9601
1889:1529-7535
1773:1097-6868
1678:: 31–52.
1522:0002-838X
1414:0038-3317
1096:14 August
1059:emphysema
898:Diagnosis
660:hamartoma
644:histology
624:lobectomy
558:carcinoid
456:pneumonia
382:sinusitis
315:infection
246:emphysema
187:physician
140:influenza
71:Specialty
55:emphysema
5041:Category
4586:V/Q scan
3903:Bleeding
3594:placenta
3516:COVID-19
3309:BOOP-COP
3276:Broncho-
3219:Chemical
3007:Talcosis
2928:fibrosis
2781:Lower RT
2534:Rhinitis
2481:Upper RT
2347:Archived
2343:25654157
2283:Archived
2254:Archived
2250:25695124
2216:Archived
2212:24006551
2160:25414585
2097:archived
2093:28722988
2059:Archived
2031:archived
2027:32809319
2000:25274969
1932:Archived
1907:20216169
1843:Archived
1814:Archived
1785:Archived
1781:17306659
1726:Archived
1704:27147861
1641:Archived
1619:21523216
1595:: 5811.
1534:Archived
1530:28409615
1484:Archived
1455:Archived
1426:Archived
1422:24175495
1353:33511633
1294:Archived
1265:Archived
1261:32809715
1225:Medscape
1181:32829782
1133:27286184
1090:Archived
831:meconium
589:asbestos
572:Lymphoma
566:melanoma
478:COVID-19
224:such as
176:COVID-19
150:such as
148:diseases
4711:hypoxia
4632:2,3-BPG
4420:central
4395:medulla
4367:Control
4142:rubella
3772:Chignon
3626:chorion
2828:chronic
2754:trachea
2630:pharynx
2510:sinuses
2430:D012140
2151:4235450
1991:4533247
1898:2843001
1695:4753987
1610:3084574
1344:8095032
1172:7438984
928:CT scan
766:alveoli
672:(CCAM).
582:Pleural
470:viruses
432:trachea
376:is the
234:smoking
124:pleurae
120:alveoli
112:bronchi
108:trachea
59:smoking
4785:Cancer
4280:breath
3717:Growth
3630:amnion
3197:Fungal
2851:Asthma
2664:larynx
2593:tonsil
2341:
2289:16 May
2248:
2210:
2158:
2148:
2140:
2091:
2025:
1998:
1988:
1980:
1941:11 May
1905:
1895:
1887:
1779:
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1451:nhs.uk
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1131:
1051:asthma
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
907:Biopsy
507:Tumors
331:, and
325:asthma
262:asthma
198:Asthma
170:, and
142:, and
90:, are
4190:Other
4014:Ileus
3761:scalp
3332:Other
3281:Lobar
3232:Lipid
3153:Viral
3052:Other
2814:acute
2791:LRTIs
2716:(LPR)
2694:(LPR)
2672:Croup
2652:(LPR)
2486:URTIs
1935:(PDF)
1924:(PDF)
1921:"FDA"
630:, or
605:liver
591:dust.
443:uvula
428:fever
420:Croup
86:, or
4677:DLCO
4577:(Q)
4376:pons
3948:Rh E
3943:Rh D
3938:Rh c
3511:SARS
3314:NSIP
3059:ARDS
2860:AERD
2835:COPD
2621:Neck
2526:nose
2501:Head
2425:MeSH
2410:9-CM
2339:PMID
2291:2019
2246:PMID
2208:PMID
2156:PMID
2138:ISSN
2089:PMID
2023:PMID
1996:PMID
1978:ISSN
1943:2022
1903:PMID
1885:ISSN
1777:PMID
1769:ISSN
1700:PMID
1615:PMID
1526:PMID
1518:ISSN
1418:PMID
1410:ISSN
1349:PMID
1257:PMID
1200:ISBN
1177:PMID
1129:PMID
1098:2019
1057:and
776:and
727:, a
668:and
480:and
396:and
208:and
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4482:PEF
4462:FRC
4036:and
3928:ABO
3923:HDN
3905:and
3304:DIP
3299:UIP
3291:IIP
2419:519
2415:460
2406:ICD
2400:J99
2396:J00
2387:ICD
2146:PMC
2130:doi
1986:PMC
1970:doi
1893:PMC
1877:doi
1761:doi
1757:196
1690:PMC
1680:doi
1605:PMC
1597:doi
1339:PMC
1331:doi
1167:PMC
1159:doi
1121:doi
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232:or
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