691:
associated with a higher risk of progression to end stage kidney disease. Black and
Hispanic people with lupus nephritis are more likely to present with severe disease at initial presentation (with more proteinuria and more extensive histopathologic changes) and progress to end stage kidney disease. This is thought to be due to socioeconomic factors but auto-antibodies strongly associated with lupus nephritis such as anti-Sm, anti-Ro and anti-ribonucleoprotein are also more commonly seen in Black and Hispanic people. Men with SLE tend to have more aggressive forms of lupus nephritis as well with a higher risk of progression to end stage kidney disease and higher risk of concurrent cardiovascular disease.
53:
312:
88:
638:
1897:
542:
690:
In those who have SLE, concomitant lupus nephritis is associated with a worse overall prognosis. 10-30% of people with lupus nephritis progress to kidney failure requiring dialysis, with the 5 year mortality rate of lupus nephritis being 5-25%. The proliferative forms of lupus nephritis are
319:
A tubuloreticular inclusion within capillary endothelial cells is also characteristic of lupus nephritis and can be seen under an electron microscope in all stages. It is not diagnostic however, as it exists in other conditions such as HIV infection.
1825:
1805:
669:
failure, immune problems or hair loss. It also works better than azathioprine with corticosteroids for maintenance therapy. A 2016 network meta-analysis, which included 32 RCTs of lupus nephritis, demonstrated that
1417:
339:) is both the most severe, and the most common subtype. Class VI (advanced sclerosing lupus nephritis) is a final class which is included by most practitioners. It is thought to be due to the chronic
678:
maintenance were associated with a lower risk of serious infection when compared to other immunosuppressants or glucocorticoids. Individuals with lupus nephritis have a high risk for
1524:
Tang, Kuo-Tung; Tseng, Chien-Hua; Hsieh, Tsu-Yi; Chen, Der-Yuan (June 2018). "Induction therapy for membranous lupus nephritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis".
1355:
Tunnicliffe, David J.; Palmer, Suetonia C.; Henderson, Lorna; Masson, Philip; Craig, Jonathan C.; Tong, Allison; Singh-Grewal, Davinder; Flanc, Robert S.; Roberts, Matthew A.;
1732:
Appel, Gerald B.; Contreras, Gabriel; Dooley, Mary Anne; Ginzler, Ellen M.; Isenberg, David; Jayne, David; Li, Lei-Shi; Mysler, Eduardo; Sánchez-Guerrero, Jorge (2009-05-01).
661:. MMF and cyclophosphamide with corticosteroids are equally effective in achieving remission of the disease, however the results of a recent systematic review found that
475:
lesions involving less than 50% of the glomeruli, which can be segmental or global, and active or chronic, with endocapillary or extracapillary proliferative lesions.
2120:
287:
contributing significantly. Autoantibodies direct themselves against nuclear elements. The characteristics of nephritogenic autoantibodies (lupus nephritis) are
2259:
525:
More than 50% of glomeruli are involved. Lesions can be segmental or global, and active or chronic, with endocapillary or extracapillary proliferative lesions.
619:
Active glomerulonephritis is not usually present. This stage is characterised by slowly progressive kidney dysfunction, with relatively bland urine sediment.
271:, and with immune system problems it cannot distinguish between harmful and healthy substances. Lupus nephritis affects approximately 3 out of 10,000 people.
2051:
2115:
422:
1943:
2125:
1977:
1973:
1306:
Singh, Jasvinder A.; Hossain, Alomgir; Kotb, Ahmed; Oliveira, Ana; Mudano, Amy S.; Grossman, Jennifer; Winthrop, Kevin; Wells, George A. (2016).
1467:"Risk of serious infections with immunosuppressive drugs and glucocorticoids for lupus nephritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis"
2237:
2210:
2198:
2176:
2167:
1249:"Comparative effectiveness of immunosuppressive drugs and corticosteroids for lupus nephritis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis"
1195:
1095:"National Guideline Clearinghouse | American College of Rheumatology guidelines for screening, treatment, and management of lupus nephritis"
778:
1967:
1963:
383:
665:
were better than corticosteroids for renal outcomes. MMF is safer than cyclophosphamide with corticosteroids, with less chance of causing
504:. Clinically, haematuria and proteinuria are present, with or without nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, and elevated serum creatinine.
2092:
1679:
1658:
1231:
1689:
Castro-Santana, Lesliane E.; Colón, Marilú; Molina, María J.; Rodríguez, Vanessa E.; Mayor, Angel M.; Vilá, Luis M. (2010-01-01).
2249:
2044:
572:
wall (segmentally or globally), with diffuse membrane thickening, and subepithelial deposits seen under the electron microscope.
2220:
1997:
1993:
841:
517:
336:
332:
has divided lupus nephritis into five stages based on the biopsy. This classification was defined in 1982 and revised in 1995.
1094:
1691:"Efficacy of two cyclophosphamide regimens for the treatment of lupus nephritis in Puerto Ricans: low versus standard dose"
2097:
2007:
2003:
1987:
1983:
1936:
560:
464:
52:
1669:
1125:"Activation of type I interferon pathway in systemic lupus erythematosus: association with distinct clinical phenotypes"
145:
2037:
311:
2146:
2202:
329:
2310:
2254:
2180:
1929:
1840:
1912:
63:
of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis showing increased mesangial matrix and mesangial hypercellularity.
541:
2087:
662:
497:
1044:
528:
Under electron microscopy, subendothelial deposits are noted, and some mesangial changes may be present.
2305:
646:
536:
531:
Clinically, haematuria and proteinuria are present, frequently with nephrotic syndrome, hypertension,
2188:
2141:
611:
472:
87:
1829:
700:
448:
398:
365:
219:
157:
2284:
2279:
2162:
2107:
2079:
2070:
2017:
2013:
1557:
1440:
753:
578:
532:
481:
444:
153:
149:
96:
1869:
1771:
1753:
1720:
1702:
1675:
1654:
1615:
1607:
1585:
1549:
1541:
1506:
1488:
1398:
1380:
1337:
1329:
1288:
1270:
1227:
1191:
1156:
1076:
1025:
984:
878:
860:
811:
745:
737:
300:
114:
76:
1761:
1745:
1710:
1644:
1597:
1533:
1496:
1478:
1432:
1388:
1372:
1319:
1278:
1260:
1146:
1136:
1066:
1056:
1015:
974:
964:
925:
868:
850:
729:
650:
485:
360:
160:
become inflamed. Since it is a result of SLE, this type of glomerulonephritis is said to be
614:
involving more than 90% of glomeruli, and represents healing of prior inflammatory injury.
2227:
1734:"Mycophenolate Mofetil versus Cyclophosphamide for Induction Treatment of Lupus Nephritis"
679:
280:
896:
1902:
2060:
1834:
1766:
1733:
1715:
1690:
1501:
1466:
1393:
1360:
1356:
1283:
1248:
1184:
1151:
1124:
1061:
979:
952:
873:
836:
658:
403:
189:
2299:
720:
Ponticelli, C.; Moroni, G. (2005-01-01). "Renal transplantation in lupus nephritis".
623:
296:
264:
181:
64:
1561:
1444:
1045:"The classification of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revisited"
757:
2241:
2029:
1880:
1584:
Parikh, Samir V.; Almaani, Salem; Brodsky, Sergey; Rovin, Brad H. (1 August 2020).
1376:
675:
654:
440:
284:
185:
137:
1102:
1845:
1648:
1221:
1864:
1465:
Singh, Jasvinder A.; Hossain, Alomgir; Kotb, Ahmed; Wells, George (2016-09-13).
229:
193:
1602:
733:
637:
17:
1818:
1814:
1483:
1308:"Treatments for Lupus Nephritis: A Systematic Review and Network Metaanalysis"
1265:
671:
586:
582:
436:
407:
340:
292:
234:
224:
177:
173:
169:
81:
60:
1757:
1706:
1611:
1545:
1492:
1384:
1333:
1274:
1247:
Singh, Jasvinder A.; Hossain, Alomgir; Kotb, Ahmed; Wells, George A. (2016).
1071:
1020:
1003:
864:
741:
581:. Microscopic haematuria and hypertension may also be seen. Can also lead to
478:
Subendothelial deposits are noted, and some mesangial changes may be present
260:, many of which are not yet identified, mediate this genetic predisposition.
168:
cause originating in the kidney. The diagnosis of lupus nephritis depends on
1875:
1537:
569:
394:
268:
68:
1775:
1749:
1724:
1619:
1553:
1510:
1402:
1341:
1292:
1160:
1080:
1029:
988:
882:
749:
1324:
1307:
1141:
969:
253:
1797:
666:
288:
1436:
1418:"Induction and maintenance treatment of proliferative lupus nephritis"
256:
predisposition, plays a significant role in lupus nephritis. Multiple
1809:
590:
545:
Diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis as seen in a pathology specimen
141:
1004:"Tubulo-reticular inclusions in lupus nephritis: are they relevant?"
855:
1921:
1043:
Weening JJ, D'Agati VD, Schwartz MM, et al. (February 2004).
540:
310:
299:
immune complexes, and autoantibodies of certain isotypes activate
257:
240:
214:
209:
926:"Lupus Nephritis: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology"
164:, and has a different pattern and outcome from conditions with a
2033:
1925:
1361:"Immunosuppressive treatment for proliferative lupus nephritis"
539:
titres and elevated serum creatinine. Kidney failure is common.
501:
493:
489:
507:
Often successfully responds to high doses of corticosteroids
835:
Saxena, Ramesh; Mahajan, Tina; Mohan, Chandra (2011-01-01).
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1190:. Hagerstwon, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
645:
Drug regimens prescribed for lupus nephritis include
1787:
1220:
Lewis, Edmund J.; Schwartz, Melvin M. (2010-11-04).
1008:
Saudi
Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation
2272:
2236:
2197:
2175:
2159:
2134:
2106:
2078:
2067:
1855:
1791:
1668:Greenberg, Arthur; Cheung, Alfred K. (2005-01-01).
812:"Lupus nephritis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
123:
113:
105:
95:
75:
40:
35:
1183:
1123:Karageorgas TP, Tseronis DD, Mavragani CP (2011).
184:. On urinalysis, a nephritic picture is found and
1586:"Update on Lupus Nephritis: Core Curriculum 2020"
953:"Lupus Nephritis: An Overview of Recent Findings"
653:with corticosteroids, and the immune suppressant
430:Mesangial hypercellularity and matrix expansion.
1182:Elizabeth D Agabegi; Agabegi, Steven S. (2008).
897:"Lupus Nephritis - National Library of Medicine"
2260:Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
2045:
1937:
1738:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
109:Complication of systemic lupus erythematosus.
8:
550:Corticosteroids and immunosuppressant drugs
204:General symptoms of lupus nephritis include
1526:International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases
1365:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
920:
918:
916:
682:(which begins in the immune system cells).
2172:
2075:
2052:
2038:
2030:
1944:
1930:
1922:
1788:
1129:Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology
454:Responds to high doses of corticosteroids
423:Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis
86:
51:
32:
1765:
1714:
1601:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1500:
1482:
1392:
1359:; Strippoli, Giovanni Fm (29 June 2018).
1323:
1282:
1264:
1150:
1140:
1070:
1060:
1019:
978:
968:
872:
854:
439:with or without proteinuria may be seen.
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
636:
345:
2126:Membranoproliferative/mesangiocapillary
1978:Mesangial proliferative lupus nephritis
773:
771:
769:
767:
712:
806:
804:
802:
800:
798:
605:Advanced sclerosing lupus nephritis.
568:Diffuse thickening of the glomerular
7:
1968:Minimal mesangial glomerulonephritis
1186:Step-Up to Medicine (Step-Up Series)
384:Minimal mesangial glomerulonephritis
295:, high affinity autoantibodies form
1590:American Journal of Kidney Diseases
1062:10.1097/01.ASN.0000108969.21691.5D
406:is very rare in this form. Normal
370:Clinical findings and other tests
25:
837:"Lupus nephritis: current update"
2250:Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
2061:Disease of the kidney glomerules
1895:
1226:. OUP Oxford. pp. 174–177.
842:Arthritis Research & Therapy
252:The cause of lupus nephritis, a
1998:Diffuse proliferative nephritis
518:Diffuse proliferative nephritis
337:Diffuse proliferative nephritis
1377:10.1002/14651858.CD002922.pub4
593:. Kidney failure is uncommon.
397:deposits are visible under an
1:
1988:Focal proliferative nephritis
561:Membranous glomerulonephritis
451:are very rare at this stage.
267:protects the human body from
119:Complement levels, Urinalysis
1674:. Elsevier Health Sciences.
1650:Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
180:scans of the kidneys, and a
146:systemic lupus erythematosus
2121:Endocapillary proliferative
1312:The Journal of Rheumatology
127:Corticosteroids may be used
27:Inflammation of the kidneys
2327:
1603:10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.10.017
734:10.1191/0961203305lu2067oa
2203:Type III hypersensitivity
1959:
1671:Primer on Kidney Diseases
1484:10.1186/s12916-016-0673-8
1266:10.1186/s13643-016-0328-z
951:Salgado, Alberto (2012).
330:World Health Organization
59:
50:
2255:Microscopic polyangiitis
2181:Type II hypersensitivity
1021:10.4103/1319-2442.132169
589:thromboses or pulmonary
465:Focal glomerulonephritis
291:specificity directed at
2116:Mesangial proliferative
1695:Ethnicity & Disease
1538:10.1111/1756-185X.13321
1416:Masson, Philip (2011).
663:immunosuppressive drugs
484:reveals positively for
283:of lupus nephritis has
1750:10.1681/ASN.2008101028
642:
585:complications such as
546:
316:
315:Membranous nephropathy
101:Joint pain or swelling
2221:diffuse proliferative
1325:10.3899/jrheum.160041
647:mycophenolate mofetil
640:
544:
314:
2189:Goodpasture syndrome
2008:Membranous nephritis
674:and MMF followed by
186:red blood cell casts
1142:10.1155/2011/273907
1049:J. Am. Soc. Nephrol
970:10.1155/2012/849684
957:Autoimmune Diseases
701:Glomerulus (kidney)
649:(MMF), intravenous
449:acute kidney injury
399:electron microscope
366:Electron microscopy
347:
220:High blood pressure
2285:glomerulonephrosis
2280:glomerulonephritis
2211:Post-streptococcal
2018:Glomerulosclerosis
1856:External resources
1653:. Academic Press.
1357:Webster, Angela C.
1253:Systematic Reviews
643:
579:nephrotic syndrome
547:
533:hypocomplementemia
482:Immunofluorescence
445:nephrotic syndrome
391:Normal appearance
346:
335:Class IV disease (
317:
200:Signs and symptoms
154:glomerulonephritis
152:. It is a type of
150:autoimmune disease
2293:
2292:
2268:
2267:
2155:
2154:
2080:Non-proliferative
2027:
2026:
1890:
1889:
1645:Lahita, Robert G.
1437:10.1111/nep.12011
1318:(10): 1801–1815.
1197:978-0-7817-7153-5
1099:www.guideline.gov
1072:20.500.12648/8229
1002:Kfoury H (2014).
783:www.niddk.nih.gov
779:"Lupus Nephritis"
630:
629:
626:is usually poor.
131:
130:
115:Diagnostic method
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2318:
2173:
2076:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2031:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1923:
1899:
1898:
1789:
1779:
1769:
1744:(5): 1103–1112.
1728:
1718:
1701:(1): S1–116–21.
1685:
1664:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1605:
1581:
1566:
1565:
1532:(6): 1163–1172.
1521:
1515:
1514:
1504:
1486:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1422:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1396:
1352:
1346:
1345:
1327:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1286:
1268:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1217:
1202:
1201:
1189:
1178:
1165:
1164:
1154:
1144:
1120:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1101:. Archived from
1091:
1085:
1084:
1074:
1064:
1040:
1034:
1033:
1023:
999:
993:
992:
982:
972:
948:
942:
941:
939:
937:
922:
911:
910:
908:
907:
893:
887:
886:
876:
858:
832:
826:
825:
823:
822:
808:
793:
792:
790:
789:
775:
762:
761:
717:
651:cyclophosphamide
641:Cyclophosphamide
535:, elevated anti-
361:Light microscopy
348:
91:
90:
55:
33:
21:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2311:Kidney diseases
2296:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2264:
2232:
2193:
2166:
2161:
2151:
2130:
2102:
2093:Focal segmental
2069:
2063:
2058:
2028:
2023:
1955:
1953:Lupus nephritis
1950:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1913:Lupus nephritis
1900:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1851:
1850:
1800:
1786:
1731:
1688:
1682:
1667:
1661:
1643:
1640:
1638:Further reading
1635:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1583:
1582:
1569:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1371:(6): CD002922.
1354:
1353:
1349:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1234:
1223:Lupus Nephritis
1219:
1218:
1205:
1198:
1181:
1179:
1168:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1108:
1106:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1001:
1000:
996:
950:
949:
945:
935:
933:
932:. 30 March 2023
924:
923:
914:
905:
903:
895:
894:
890:
834:
833:
829:
820:
818:
816:www.nlm.nih.gov
810:
809:
796:
787:
785:
777:
776:
765:
719:
718:
714:
709:
697:
688:
680:B-cell lymphoma
659:corticosteroids
635:
326:
309:
281:pathophysiology
277:
275:Pathophysiology
250:
245:
202:
190:red blood cells
134:Lupus nephritis
85:
36:Lupus nephritis
31:
28:
23:
22:
18:Lupus Nephritis
15:
12:
11:
5:
2324:
2322:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2298:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2224:
2223:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2170:
2157:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2088:Minimal change
2084:
2082:
2073:
2065:
2064:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2034:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2011:
2001:
1991:
1981:
1971:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1949:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1926:
1901:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1872:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1849:
1848:
1837:
1822:
1801:
1796:
1795:
1793:
1792:Classification
1785:
1784:External links
1782:
1781:
1780:
1729:
1686:
1681:978-1416023128
1680:
1665:
1659:
1647:(2004-06-09).
1639:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1596:(2): 265–281.
1567:
1516:
1457:
1408:
1347:
1298:
1239:
1232:
1203:
1196:
1180:Table 6-4 in:
1166:
1115:
1086:
1035:
994:
943:
912:
888:
856:10.1186/ar3378
827:
794:
763:
711:
710:
708:
705:
704:
703:
696:
693:
687:
684:
634:
631:
628:
627:
620:
617:
615:
608:
606:
603:
597:
596:
594:
575:
573:
566:
563:
558:
552:
551:
548:
529:
526:
523:
520:
515:
509:
508:
505:
479:
476:
470:
467:
462:
456:
455:
452:
433:
431:
428:
425:
420:
414:
413:
411:
404:Kidney failure
401:
392:
389:
386:
381:
375:
374:
371:
368:
363:
358:
355:
352:
325:
324:Classification
322:
308:
305:
276:
273:
249:
246:
244:
243:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
206:
201:
198:
129:
128:
125:
121:
120:
117:
111:
110:
107:
103:
102:
99:
93:
92:
79:
73:
72:
57:
56:
48:
47:
42:
38:
37:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
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2108:Proliferative
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265:immune system
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182:kidney biopsy
179:
175:
171:
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156:in which the
155:
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74:
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66:
65:Kidney biopsy
62:
58:
54:
49:
46:
45:SLE nephritis
43:
39:
34:
19:
2306:Rheumatology
2242:Pauci-immune
2238:Type III RPG
2215:
2135:By condition
1952:
1911:
1910:
1909:profile for
1906:
1874:
1863:
1839:
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1804:
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1623:. Retrieved
1593:
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1471:BMC Medicine
1470:
1460:
1448:. Retrieved
1428:
1424:
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1103:the original
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819:. Retrieved
815:
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782:
728:(1): 95–98.
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676:azathioprine
655:azathioprine
644:
622:Response to
600:
555:
512:
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441:Hypertension
435:Microscopic
417:
378:
334:
327:
318:
285:autoimmunity
278:
262:
251:
203:
165:
161:
138:inflammation
133:
132:
44:
2199:Type II RPG
2147:Amyloidosis
1865:MedlinePlus
230:Muscle pain
194:proteinuria
170:blood tests
41:Other names
2300:Categories
2177:Type I RPG
2098:Membranous
1477:(1): 137.
1450:4 November
1425:Nephrology
1259:(1): 155.
1109:2015-11-01
963:: 849684.
906:2015-11-03
849:(5): 240.
821:2015-10-31
788:2015-10-31
707:References
672:tacrolimus
587:renal vein
583:thrombotic
437:haematuria
408:urinalysis
373:Treatment
357:Incidence
343:exposure.
341:interferon
301:complement
293:nucleosome
235:Malar rash
225:Joint pain
196:is found.
178:ultrasound
176:, X-rays,
174:urinalysis
148:(SLE), an
144:caused by
82:Nephrology
61:Micrograph
2163:nephritic
2160:Primarily
2071:nephrotic
2068:Primarily
1984:Class III
1876:eMedicine
1758:1046-6673
1707:1049-510X
1612:0272-6386
1546:1756-185X
1493:1741-7015
1431:: 71–72.
1385:1469-493X
1334:0315-162X
1275:2046-4053
936:2 January
930:emedicine
865:1478-6354
742:0961-2033
686:Prognosis
633:Treatment
612:sclerosis
577:Signs of
570:capillary
473:Sclerotic
460:Class III
395:Mesangial
307:Diagnosis
269:infection
162:secondary
158:glomeruli
124:Treatment
77:Specialty
69:PAS stain
2142:Diabetic
2014:Class VI
1994:Class IV
1974:Class II
1881:med/1597
1776:19369404
1725:20521398
1620:32220510
1562:46951249
1554:29879319
1511:27623861
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1161:22162633
1135:: 1–13.
1081:14747370
1030:24821149
989:22536486
883:22078716
758:36968488
750:15732296
695:See also
601:Class VI
513:Class IV
418:Class II
97:Symptoms
2273:General
2004:Class V
1964:Class I
1903:Scholia
1846:D008181
1767:2678035
1716:3572835
1625:22 July
1502:5022202
1394:6513226
1284:5020478
1152:3227532
980:3318208
874:3308062
667:ovarian
610:Global
556:Class V
379:Class I
289:antigen
254:genetic
166:primary
142:kidneys
140:of the
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1870:000481
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351:Order
239:Foamy
136:is an
106:Causes
84:
2216:Lupus
1907:topic
1819:N08.5
1815:M32.1
1558:S2CID
1441:S2CID
1421:(PDF)
754:S2CID
722:Lupus
657:with
537:dsDNA
354:Name
258:genes
248:Cause
241:urine
215:Edema
210:Fever
1841:MeSH
1830:9-CM
1772:PMID
1754:ISSN
1721:PMID
1703:ISSN
1676:ISBN
1655:ISBN
1627:2021
1616:PMID
1608:ISSN
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1489:ISSN
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1381:ISSN
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1271:ISSN
1228:ISBN
1192:ISBN
1157:PMID
1133:2011
1077:PMID
1026:PMID
985:PMID
961:2012
938:2024
879:PMID
861:ISSN
746:PMID
738:ISSN
565:10%
522:40%
469:25%
427:20%
328:The
279:The
263:The
192:and
2228:IgA
2168:RPG
1826:ICD
1806:ICD
1762:PMC
1746:doi
1711:PMC
1598:doi
1534:doi
1497:PMC
1479:doi
1433:doi
1389:PMC
1373:doi
1320:doi
1279:PMC
1261:doi
1147:PMC
1137:doi
1067:hdl
1057:doi
1016:doi
975:PMC
965:doi
869:PMC
851:doi
730:doi
502:C1q
494:IgM
490:IgA
486:IgG
388:5%
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