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LGBTQ history in Connecticut

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1680: 192:, one of the earliest American trans men to have gender-affirming surgery, moved to Connecticut with his wife, Edna Ruddick in the late 1940s. Hart worked as the Director of Hospitalization and Rehabilitation for the Connecticut State Tuberculosis Commission, and the couple remained in Connecticut until Hart's death in 1962. 70:
adopted a new criminal code that made several changes to the sodomy statute. Firstly, the death penalty was removed as a penalty and replaced by life imprisonment, and secondly only males could be the victims of an act of sodomy though the perpetrator could be of either sex. The new law criminalized
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In 1990, sexual orientation was included in hate crime legislation passed by the state. The following year, the Gay Rights Bill was finally passed, twenty years after its initial introduction. The bill prohibited discrimination against people for their sexual orientation, although some exceptions
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Legislative commission reports in 1967 and 1968 recommended the repeal of the sodomy law because it "deterred deviates from seeking psychiatric help" and it "was enforced only by 'capricious selection', which encourages blackmail". A comprehensive criminal code was passed in 1969, which abrogated
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In July 2018, Connecticut adopted a policy which mandated that transgender inmates be housed according to their gender identity, becoming the first state in the country to adopt such a policy. The policy also mandated that prison staff use inmates' preferred pronouns, that inmates be searched by
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that the state's law against "lascivious carriage and behavior" applied only to conduct between people of the opposite sex. This court case was significant in 1962, when Max Fenster, accused of same-sex "lascivious carriage and behavior", argued in court that under
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In 1993, the New Haven Board of Aldermen proposed recognizing domestic partnerships at the city level. Despite LGBT activists' backing, the backlash from religious groups led to the proposal being rejected. The proposal was rejected a second time in 2003.
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In 1970, the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles denied a driver's license to David Fowlett because of his sexual orientation. Fowlett later committed suicide. Also that year, a Gay Rights Bill was introduced, with the backing of the Kalos Society.
31:, in the Northeastern United States, has been home to LGBT communities and culture since the early 20th century. The state was intolerant of homosexuality at its inception in 1639, but it became the second state to repeal its 1467: 79:(oral sex). There are no published sodomy cases during this period, so it is unknown if oral sex was prosecuted under this law. In 1909, the penalty for sodomy was reduced from life imprisonment to 30 years in prison. 731: 99:
common-law crimes and repealed the sodomy law in relation to consensual acts, and took effect in 1971. The age of consent was set at 16 regardless of gender and sexual orientation, and lowered to 15 in 1975.
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previewed in Bridgeport. The play featured an all-gay cast and discussed "the cost of living a secret life". Although well-received by audiences, it was ultimately shut down for being too vulgar.
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for having engaged in consensual sex with both men and women. The statute was enforced inconsistently, however; for example, in 1677 Nicholas Sension was sentenced in the town of
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By the 2020s, much of New Haven's LGBT nightlife had assimilated into mainstream nightlife, in part attributed to a mainstream society more accepting of LGBT individuals.
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was formed, a group focused on LGBT advocacy in Connecticut legislation. In June, Connecticut became the first state to have its Office of Tourism partner with the
238: 1366: 1647: 1610: 1579: 1085: 259:, an early gay advocacy group which grew out of Project H. The Kalos Society went on to organize public demonstations and to protest against police brutality. 402:
In 2017, Connecticut banned conversion therapy for minors. The same year, the state's first known transgender lawmaker was elected to a citywide position in
51:, which established Connecticut as a self-ruling colony in 1639, provided that laws adopted by the Connecticut authorities would be consistent with those of 1684: 1632: 1430: 1625: 410:
staff of the same gender identity, and that inmates "have access to gender-appropriate commissary items, educational materials, and prison programming".
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was voted into office of Connecticut state treasurer, becoming the first openly LGBT Black person to be elected to statewide office in the country.
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In 1939, the state's first gay bar, the Cedar Brook Cafe, opened in Westport. It closed in 2010; at the time it was the country's oldest gay bar.
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In April 1952, Hartford authorities cracked down on so-called "sex deviates", arresting dozens of men and publishing their names in newspapers.
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In 2011, Connecticut lawmakers added "gender identity and expression" to the list of classes protected against workplace discrimination.
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in an act of homophobic violence. His death incited the state's LGBT community, who began pushing harder for legislative protections.
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In 2008, same-sex marriage was legalized in Connecticut, the second state in the country to do so after its northern neighbor,
349: 331: 168:, debuted at the Wadsworth Athaneum. The opera, which featured an all-Black cast, was "a queer reinterpretation of sainthood". 312:
in 1982, which was published biweekly starting in 1983. Both Gay Spirit and Metroline provided health information during the
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in 1646 for having masturbated a number of young men in the town. In 1655, a servant named John Knight was executed in the
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The New Haven Pride Center was founded in 1996, the first queer center in the city and one of only a few in the state.
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In 1967, Connecticut overturned its sodomy law. Also that year, the UConn Gay Alliance was founded at the
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There are several known cases of men being executed under the sodomy statute, including William Plaine of
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to "good behavior for the rest of his life", escaping the death penalty most likely due to his wealth.
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Popular gay institutions in New Haven in the 1970s included the bars The Pub and The Neuter Rooster.
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In November 1980, Gay Spirit Radio, one of the first gay radio shows in the country, was founded at
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Following independence in 1776, Connecticut continued to enforce common law. In 1821, the
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In the mid-1940s, Howard Metzger moved in with his lover, architect Frederic Palmer, in
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the law covered only opposite-sex conduct. Reluctantly, the court unanimously agreed.
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for males only. A sodomy statute providing for the death penalty was passed in 1642.
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were included for religious organizations, adoption, and fostering, among others.
1292:"Connecticut first state to partner with International LGBTQ+ Travel Association" 313: 144: 28: 342: 56: 32: 758:"Canon Clinton Jones: A Revolutionary Figure in Connecticut's LGBTQ+ History" 488: 316:, as well as encouraging their audiences to join in AIDS-related activism. 245:
in Hartford, with social workers, psychologists, and clergy in attendance.
35:, in 1971. Similarly, in 2008 it became the second state in the country to 345:", due to LGBT Yale students' participation in New Haven's gay nightlife. 133: 76: 72: 1086:"This Week in Connecticut History: Reihl murder case changes LGBTQ laws" 873:"Kalos Society: Connecticut's First Modern LGBTQ+ Activist Organization" 796:"CT has historically been ahead of the curve in defending LGBTQ rights" 732:"2 Connecticut sites named among 10 newest national historic landmarks" 52: 1468:
List of LGBT actions in the United States prior to the Stonewall riots
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The 1970s saw the first LGBT publications in the state, starting with
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In 1951, Nick's Cafe, a popular gay institution, opened in Hartford.
680:"Palmer Warner House in East Haddam Opens As Trailblazing LGBT Site" 319:
On June 26, 1982, the first gay rally in the state was held at the
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performed at Hartford's Capitol Theater as an opener to the film
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Examining Connecticut's LGBTQ History - Connecticut Public Radio
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until his death in 1995; the house has since been added to the
1005:"Then and now: Pride celebrations span decades in Connecticut" 552:"The History of Sodomy Laws in the United States, Connecticut" 1243:"A look at the culture of gay bars and LGBTQ nightlife in CT" 1165:"Connecticut adds gender identity to non-discrimination laws" 1473:
History of violence against LGBT people in the United States
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List of first openly LGBTQ politicians in the United States
707:"Alan L. Hart: Pioneer in Medicine and Transgender History" 1190:"Matherne becomes Stamford's first transgender lawmaker" 59:
was adopted in the colony, which recognized sodomy as a
71:"carnal knowledge", allowing for the prosecution of 1658: 1603: 1572: 1496: 1460: 899:"An Early Advocate for Connecticut's Gay Community" 255:Beginning in May 1968, Connecticut was home to the 1643:History of transgender people in the United States 1590:Timeline of same-sex marriage in the United States 1241:Figueroa IV, Daniel; DaRosa, Andrew (2022-06-29). 614:"A Brief History of Connecticut's LGBTQ Community" 1140:"Aldermen reject domestic partnership proposal" 652:"After 71 years, oldest U.S. gay bar to close" 1611:History of homosexuality in the United States 1580:Timeline of LGBT history in the United States 1438: 282:, published by the Kalos Society, and later, 226:and designated a National Historic Landmark. 8: 877:Connecticut History | a CTHumanities Project 762:Connecticut History | a CTHumanities Project 711:Connecticut History | a CTHumanities Project 477:"Gay Marriage Is Ruled Legal in Connecticut" 1633:History of bisexuality in the United States 350:Connecticut Gay & Lesbian Film Festival 138:The Drag: A Homosexual Comedy in Three Acts 1445: 1431: 1423: 933:"A Brief History of Connecticut Gay Media" 636:"Charlie Chan Picture tops Capitol Bill", 1585:Timeline of LGBT history in New York City 1478:LGBT historic places in the United States 618:Connecticut Museum of Culture and History 271:In 1973, Hartford formed a branch of the 43:History and legality of same-sex activity 516: 514: 512: 510: 508: 506: 504: 464: 427:International LGBTQ+ Travel Association 1108: 1106: 1062:"CT LGBT Film Festival Marks 29 Years" 1666:Brigham Young University LGBT history 1638:Intersex history in the United States 1211: 1209: 1030: 1028: 1026: 1024: 954: 952: 926: 924: 922: 920: 918: 867: 865: 846:"Kalos Society: Early Gay Liberation" 825:Archives and Special Collections Blog 789: 787: 785: 783: 781: 779: 777: 546: 544: 542: 524:. Hrc.org. 2007-03-08. Archived from 470: 468: 7: 701: 699: 673: 671: 608: 606: 604: 602: 600: 598: 596: 594: 592: 590: 224:National Register of Historic Places 160:, a Modernist opera by gay composer 959:Gellman, Lucy (September 9, 2016). 1454:LGBTQ history in the United States 475:McFadden, Robert D. (2008-10-10). 25: 1679: 1678: 897:Normen, Elizabeth (2020-08-14). 794:Craven, TinaMarie (2021-06-18). 341:gained a reputation as the "Gay 186:and opened as a museum in 2019. 1595:Timeline of LGBT Mormon history 1138:Kearney, Brendan (2003-05-07). 931:Mann, William J. (2020-11-23). 850:The Shoeleather History Project 650:Laska, Alexander (2010-06-18). 844:Thornton, Steve (2015-09-16). 308:began publishing the magazine 1: 1003:Krajcik, Katie (2023-06-27). 325:Hartford Community Television 306:Metropolitan Community Church 273:Metropolitan Community Church 1717:LGBTQ history in Connecticut 332:Connecticut Gay Men's Chorus 68:Connecticut General Assembly 1266:Dunne, Susan (2023-01-23). 1060:Dunne, Susan (2016-05-27). 978:Dunne, Susan (2020-10-30). 961:"LGBTQ History Comes Alive" 819:Smith, Laura (2020-03-02). 756:Galanis, Eve (2022-05-03). 678:Hewitt, Cate (2019-10-07). 18:LGBT history in Connecticut 1733: 1188:Skalka, Liz (2017-11-09). 1163:Reese, Phil (2011-07-07). 1035:Weiss, Abby (2023-06-21). 454:LGBT rights in Connecticut 361:Richard Riehl was murdered 182:, which was bequeathed to 37:legalize same-sex marriage 1674: 442:Connecticut State Capitol 250:University of Connecticut 157:Four Saints in Three Acts 84:Connecticut Supreme Court 1365:Keith, K. (2023-01-08). 522:"Connecticut Sodomy Law" 1169:www.washingtonblade.com 239:Christ Church Cathedral 1707:History of Connecticut 640:, April 18, 1931, p 8. 302:University of Hartford 965:New Haven Independent 444:for the first time. 184:Connecticut Landmarks 1712:LGBTQ in Connecticut 937:Connecticut Explored 903:Connecticut Explored 569:Katz, Jonathan Ned. 423:Equality Connecticut 1346:LGBTQ+ Victory Fund 1118:Connecticut History 436:In March 2023, the 327:covered the event. 218:. Merrill lived at 164:and lesbian writer 1041:New Haven Register 738:. November 2, 2016 481:The New York Times 214:with his partner, 206:In 1954, gay poet 49:Fundamental Orders 1694: 1693: 440:was flown at the 132:In January 1927, 16:(Redirected from 1724: 1682: 1681: 1447: 1440: 1433: 1424: 1406: 1405: 1403: 1402: 1395:Hartford Courant 1387: 1381: 1380: 1378: 1377: 1362: 1356: 1355: 1353: 1352: 1338: 1332: 1331: 1329: 1328: 1313: 1307: 1306: 1304: 1303: 1288: 1282: 1281: 1279: 1278: 1272:Hartford Courant 1263: 1257: 1256: 1254: 1253: 1238: 1232: 1231: 1229: 1228: 1213: 1204: 1203: 1201: 1200: 1194:StamfordAdvocate 1185: 1179: 1178: 1176: 1175: 1160: 1154: 1153: 1151: 1150: 1135: 1129: 1128: 1126: 1125: 1110: 1101: 1100: 1098: 1097: 1082: 1076: 1075: 1073: 1072: 1057: 1051: 1050: 1048: 1047: 1032: 1019: 1018: 1016: 1015: 1000: 994: 993: 991: 990: 984:Hartford Courant 975: 969: 968: 956: 947: 946: 944: 943: 928: 913: 912: 910: 909: 894: 888: 887: 885: 884: 869: 860: 859: 857: 856: 841: 835: 834: 832: 831: 816: 810: 809: 807: 806: 800:Connecticut Post 791: 772: 771: 769: 768: 753: 747: 746: 744: 743: 728: 722: 721: 719: 718: 703: 694: 693: 691: 690: 675: 666: 665: 663: 662: 656:Connecticut Post 647: 641: 638:Hartford Courant 634: 628: 627: 625: 624: 610: 585: 584: 582: 581: 566: 560: 559: 548: 537: 536: 534: 533: 518: 499: 498: 496: 495: 472: 429:. In late 2022, 237:, of Hartford's 113:New Haven Colony 73:anal intercourse 21: 1732: 1731: 1727: 1726: 1725: 1723: 1722: 1721: 1697: 1696: 1695: 1690: 1670: 1654: 1599: 1568: 1492: 1483:Stonewall riots 1456: 1451: 1414: 1409: 1400: 1398: 1389: 1388: 1384: 1375: 1373: 1364: 1363: 1359: 1350: 1348: 1340: 1339: 1335: 1326: 1324: 1315: 1314: 1310: 1301: 1299: 1298:. 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State 61:capital offense 55:. 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Index

LGBT history in Connecticut
Connecticut
sodomy law
legalize same-sex marriage
Fundamental Orders
England
common law
capital offense
Connecticut General Assembly
anal intercourse
fellatio
Connecticut Supreme Court
Guilford
New Haven Colony
Windsor
Mae West's
Niles Marsh
Four Saints in Three Acts
Virgil Thompson
Gertrude Stein
East Haddam
their home
Connecticut Landmarks
Alan L. Hart
James Merrill
Stonington
David Jackson
the residence
National Register of Historic Places
Episcopal

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