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This was the first such transfer operation ever conducted at sea. The success of this rescue avoided a serious setback for the LNG industry. LNG, if spilled disperses rapidly and is a non-toxic liquid, however the extreme cold of LNG can present hazards until the liquid returns to a gaseous state. In
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tank material, pressure is controlled by venting the natural gas evaporate. Natural gas is either released to the atmosphere via vent stacks located above the cargo tanks or compressed and piped to the ship's boilers, which are designed to operate simultaneously on natural gas and fuel oil.
467:. Steam powered LNG carriers however, also burn natural gas. As the cargo tanks absorbed heat from the sea, a portion of the cryogenic LNG cargo boils off, changing from a liquid to a vapor (gas). As a result, pressure within the cargo tanks increases; similar to boiling water in a
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The ship's operator transported, but did not own the cargo. The otherwise vented natural gas was therefore a free source of fuel to propel and operate the ship, representing a substantial reduction in the ship's operating costs and source of profit.
381:(26 km/h; 16 mph) and received severe damage to the outer hull and the containment system. However, her membrane LNG tanks held, and a major operation to save both the ship and her liquefied natural gas cargo was started.
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When the ship entered port, the amount of energy produced by burning the evaporated LNG exceeded the ships needs. This generated excess steam which had to be removed from the boiler. Excess steam was passed through a
428:) decided that American sailors should be preferred as crewmembers on American ships to stop a rise in US unemployment. All the Norwegian sailors were subsequently replaced by American ones in August that year.
492:. The desuperheated steam passed over condenser tubes cooled by seawater pumped through the inside of the metal tubes. Thus the energy contained in the evaporated LNG is transferred to the sea.
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Until 1979, peak loads of LNG was being imported via four terminals, located in the continental United States. After 1979, the import volume declined dramatically, and the terminals were either
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in these class of ships were unique in that they were dual-fueled. As on any other steam ship, the boilers operated on fuel oil; usually
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to transfer the cargo, an operation which took about three days. She then sailed to the United States to unload the cargo at Cove Point.
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To ensure flammable natural gas was never vented to the atmosphere while in port, operability of this unique system was verified by the
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346:. In addition to normal radio communication equipment, she was also equipped with satellite telecommunications equipment supplied by
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or underutilized for two decades. The El Paso LNG tankers were all laid up to rust in 1980. During the period 1985–1987,
301:, France in 1977. They all operated out of the Consolidated Natural Gas Company Cove Point LNG import facility (now owned by
385:, which was heading for France for repairs was diverted to Algeria to get her tanks cooled down, which took one day.
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In addition to the links mentioned above, the
Norwegian Chief Radio Electronics Officer who served aboard
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Propulsion Plant information added by El Paso Marine's Main
Propulsion Automation Supervisor (1978–1980)
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its gaseous state, the vapor is primarily methane and quickly disperses into the air.
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Qualitative risk assessment for the
Kitimat LNG Terminal
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Originally, three of the El Paso tankers were crewed by
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which was active in the late 1970s. Although she was
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made a total of 26 successful US - Algeria voyages.
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568:(paragraph 5.0 "Incident Scenarios", PDF, 266kB)
43:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
581:El Paso Paul Kayser. maiden voyage on YouTube
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524:has provided information for this article.
236:129,500 m (4,570,000 cu ft)
556:History of LNG imports into North America
447:During the time she was operational, the
74:Learn how and when to remove this message
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404:El Paso badge used by a crew member of
275:because of tax and economical reasons.
488:then routed to the propulsion turbine
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201:280.4 m (919 ft 11 in)
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574:El Paso Corporation official website
444:and her sister ships were scrapped.
317:(LNG) was loaded and shipped from a
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389:then proceeded to the location of
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420:sailors. However, in 1979, the
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261:liquefied natural gas carrier
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606:Tankers of the United States
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265:El Paso Marine Corporation
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29:This article includes a
455:Unique propulsion plant
183:General characteristics
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422:United States Congress
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538:History of Cove Point
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315:Liquefied natural gas
363:El Paso Paul Kayser
286:was along with her
192:GT-type LNG carrier
546:delivers first LNG
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303:Dominion Resources
31:list of references
522:El Paso Sonatrach
442:El Paso Sonatrach
424:(under President
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596:LNG tankers
497:Coast Guard
391:Paul Kayser
355:Paul Kayser
291:Paul Kayser
64:August 2024
56:introducing
601:1977 ships
590:Categories
438:mothballed
206:Propulsion
159:In service
544:Sonatrach
515:Resources
509:Sonatrach
490:condenser
449:Sonatrach
418:Norwegian
367:Algeciras
340:Call sign
319:Sonatrach
305:) in the
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562:, 3.6MB)
503:See also
465:Bunker-C
357:incident
348:INMARSAT
311:Maryland
233:Capacity
151:Launched
461:boilers
327:Algeria
299:Dunkirk
279:History
273:Liberia
131:Dunkirk
127:Builder
117:Houston
93:History
52:improve
377:at 14
259:was a
247:35 men
198:Length
473:Invar
379:knots
371:Spain
336:'
323:Arzew
226:knots
224:22.5
221:Speed
210:Steam
121:Texas
109:Owner
37:, or
459:The
344:5LIG
342:was
293:and
254:LNG
241:Crew
188:Type
175:Fate
170:1980
162:1978
154:1977
137:Cost
101:LNG
98:Name
560:PDF
245:Ca.
214:LNG
145:USD
141:Ca.
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