214:
La
Macorina retired in 1934 when the country's economics took a downturn and, at 42, her looks had started to fade. Although she had amassed a fortune, she was spending two thousand pesos a month and subsequently had to begin selling her assets. Her previous friends distanced themselves from her and
380:
The nickname La
Macorina is reputed to have come from a drunken young man. Whilst walking past the Acera del Louvre (the terrace of the Louvre cafe where Cuba's literati and baseball players met), the young man on seeing her beauty said "there goes La Macorina!". He had meant to say "La Fornarina",
315:". Vargas met La Macorina in Havana "getting out of a white car" and was struck by her "slanted eyes and fierce hair." She later said of La Macorina “She was a beautiful woman. Black mixed from China. I saw her and I was speechless.” The song became the "lesbian hymn" and was banned in Spain during
412:
At the time, licences could be denied if the applicant was of an "immoral character". It has been speculated that sexual favours were given by La
Macorina to obtain her licence. There are anecdotal reports that La Macorina had problems with the police soon after she obtained her licence due to her
409:, was presented to her as compensation by an influential politician who had run her over in his car. Having the car, she applied and was issued with a Havana driving licence in 1917 under the name of MarĂa Calvo Nodarse, the first woman in the Americas to be issued with a licence.
185:
and in an interview by
Guillermo Villarronda for Bohemia magazine in 1958, she said "more than a dozen men were at my feet, full of money, and begging for love.” She wore her hair short in the Garzón style, which was considered scandalous at the time, and smoked cigars.
424:, one white and one a red convertible. She was often seen driving around Havana in one of the Hispano-Suizas with popular music of the time playing loudly. The current owners of her cars sometimes bring them together as the "La Macorina Club" for exhibitions in Havana.
202:, La Macorina retained her loyalty. She visited him and campaigned for his release and ferried his supporters around in her cars. La Macorina herself was imprisoned for 25 days in Havana prison during the period for her opposition to President
363:
annual festival, La
Macorina was honoured as one of the parade's characters by a doll with a mask of her face. The doll has been preserved. La Macorina is still one of the characters of the Charangas, usually being present on the floats of
165:
heritage, and her driver's license stated she was white. At 15 she left home and moved to Havana with her boyfriend. Although her parents tried to get her to return, she stayed in Havana. Facing financial hardship, La
Macorina turned to
832:
189:
By the time she retired in 1934 she had amassed a fortune. She owned mansions in Havana, Calzada, Linea and San Miguel, race horses, expensive furs, a large collection of valuable jewellery and 9 cars.
453:
206:. Although Menocal had ordered her to be treated harshly in prison, warden Andrés Hernández arranged for her to have separate quarters and, in her words, "treated me like a queen".
326:
portrayed her in that setting in a painting from memory in 1978, the year after her death. The red car also featured in the modified lyrics of the 1950s recording of "
198:
General, later president, José Miguel Gómez was one of her protectors. La
Macorina supported him during the Chambelona War. When GĂłmez was imprisoned in the
790:
1127:
1106:
1085:
993:
972:
181:
Her beauty, elegance and personality helped La
Macorina enter the most select circles of Cuban society at the time. She was selective of her
1138:
1050:
833:"MARIA Calvo Nodarse "La Macorina Cubana", First Women Chofer of America. VIDEO. | The History, Culture and Legacy of the People of Cuba"
962:
1029:
199:
733:
1117:
1096:
1075:
1004:
635:
983:
941:
899:
1181:
215:
she eventually ended up living in poverty in a rented room in Havana. La
Macorina died in Havana on 15 June 1977.
158:
52:
203:
130:
182:
798:
592:
560:
1176:
1171:
920:
433:
338:
680:
406:
341:
wrote enthusiastically about La
Macorina in his "Fatamorgana" column for the Dominican newspaper
1146:
416:
By the time of her retirement in 1934 she owned 9 cars, mostly European brands, including a red
175:
1123:
1102:
1081:
1058:
989:
968:
323:
342:
331:
296:
280:
316:
304:
138:
134:
394:
308:
285:
322:
La Macorina frequently drove around Havana in a red convertible Hispano-Suiza. Artist
1165:
741:
421:
417:
386:
167:
162:
1005:"La primera mujer que condujo un auto y que obtuvo una licencia de conducciĂłn"
456:["THE MACORINA" and her picaresca Guaracha..Ponme your hand here!..].
126:
91:
1007:[The first woman to drive a car and obtain a license from driving]
638:[Learn about the story of the first Cuban woman to drive a car].
311:, one of the best-known songs of her career. The chorus is a suggestive "
293:
142:
111:
48:
636:"Conoce la historia de la primera mujer cubana que condujo un automĂłvil"
385:, who was commonly called La Fornarina after the famous painting of the
178:, a popular location in Havana at the time, including for prostitution.
390:
360:
123:
115:
71:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
597:
Hello Foros - La Comunidad en Español más Popular de los Latinos
704:
702:
923:[Chavela Vargas and the dazzling beauty of Macorina].
1077:
Decentering the Nation: Music, Mexicanidad, and Globalization
454:""LA MACORINA" y su picaresca Guaracha.. Ponme la mano! ."
1119:
Che's Chevrolet, Fidel's Oldsmobile: On the Road in Cuba
675:
673:
671:
669:
921:"Chavela Vargas y la deslumbrante belleza de Macorina"
1141:[Los almendrones: rolling museum of Havana].
734:"La Habana, Cuba...La Macorina: Personaje de Bejucal"
520:
491:
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
458:
The History, Culture and Legacy of the People of Cuba
761:
759:
531:
529:
97:
87:
79:
60:
30:
23:
381:mistaking her for the famous Spanish cupletista,
985:The Pride of Havana: A History of Cuban Baseball
964:The Other Side of Paradise: Life in the New Cuba
940:del Castillo Pichardo, José (18 November 2017).
797:(in Spanish). 23 September 2008. Archived from
226:
708:
1139:"Los almendrones: museo rodante de La Habana"
587:
585:
583:
581:
352:, Miguel de Carrion based the main character
8:
1032:[Macorina, the name of a legend].
881:
777:
630:
628:
626:
20:
660:
944:[Put your hand here Macorina].
869:
857:
819:
495:
445:
535:
174:and moved to Galiano Street, near the
1003:Iglesias, Gema Rull (24 April 2008).
982:Echevarria, Roberto Gonzalez (2001).
765:
547:
359:In the brass bands parade during the
7:
1030:"Macorina, el nombre de una leyenda"
720:
617:
137:. She was the first woman to hold a
157:in 1892 in Guanajay, Cuba, then in
1028:Nodal, Leonel (24 February 2019).
898:Alfonso, Vanessa (12 April 2016).
14:
1074:Ramos-Kittrell, JesĂşs A. (2019).
900:"The True History of La Macorina"
681:"La Macorina Maria Calvo Nodarse"
593:"Personajes Celebres La Macorina"
129:who was a friend of ex-president
1122:. Univ of North Carolina Press.
303:", which was later recorded as
265:and I without knowing what to do
239:that when your size was so fine,
133:, whom she supported during the
919:Bono, Ferran (8 October 2013).
313:Put Your Hand Here Macorina ...
271:with which you filled me to the
904:www.radiometropolitana.icrt.cu
460:(in Spanish). 23 February 2017
263:that carries you from my arms,
155:MarĂa Constancia Caraza ValdĂ©s
35:MarĂa Constancia Caraza ValdĂ©s
1:
942:"Ponme la mano aquĂ Macorina"
642:(in Spanish). 6 February 2018
229:Put your hand here, Macorina,
1080:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1057:(in Spanish). Archived from
791:"La Macorina - Curiosidades"
249:Your breasts, flesh of anon,
245:so that you could grind them
1137:Valenzuela, LĂdice (2004).
1095:Ross, Ciro Bianchi (2017).
988:. Oxford University Press.
405:La Macorina's first car, a
273:warm sound of that danzĂłn.
1198:
521:del Castillo Pichardo 2017
259:hot danzon of that danzon.
1116:Schweid, Richard (2009).
1049:Ortega, Josefina (2008).
599:(in Spanish). 3 June 2017
299:wrote a poem about her, "
267:with that smell of woman,
243:were thrown down the road
53:Captaincy General of Cuba
1098:Cuba: A different Story
837:www.thecubanhistory.com
376:Origin of "La Macorina"
284:-Recorded as a song by
255:and your thin waist was
170:. She assumed the name
276:
247:as if you were a mill.
235:and your saya ran away
233:Your feet left the mat
159:Pinar del RĂo Province
1034:Excelencias del Motor
961:Cooke, Julia (2014).
948:(in European Spanish)
906:(in European Spanish)
251:your mouth a blessing
237:looking for the guard
200:Castillo del PrĂncipe
153:La Macorina was born
738:www.angerona.cult.cu
685:www.futurodecuba.org
434:Prostitution in Cuba
361:Charangas de Bejucal
204:Mario GarcĂa Menocal
1061:on 18 November 2019
946:www.diariolibre.com
801:on 30 December 2008
795:www.tvavila.icrt.cu
709:Ramos-Kittrell 2019
231:put your hand here.
172:MarĂa Calvo Nodarse
118:), better known as
114:– 15 June 1977, in
108:MarĂa Calvo Nodarse
83:MarĂa Calvo Nodarse
389:by Italian master
269:mango and new cane
219:In popular culture
1182:Cuban prostitutes
1129:978-0-8078-8862-9
1108:978-959-211-427-2
1087:978-1-4985-7318-4
995:978-0-19-534917-7
974:978-1-58005-532-1
839:. 1 November 2019
565:www.enricophil.it
370:La Ceiba de Plata
210:Decline and death
131:José Miguel Gómez
105:
104:
98:Years active
68:(aged 84–85)
1189:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1145:. Archived from
1143:www.cmbfradio.cu
1133:
1112:
1091:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1045:
1043:
1041:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1010:
999:
978:
957:
955:
953:
936:
934:
932:
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885:
879:
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867:
861:
855:
849:
848:
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817:
811:
810:
808:
806:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
754:
753:
751:
749:
744:on 7 August 2007
740:. Archived from
730:
724:
718:
712:
706:
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677:
664:
658:
652:
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649:
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589:
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557:
551:
545:
539:
533:
524:
518:
499:
493:
470:
469:
467:
465:
450:
401:Cars and driving
366:La Espina de Oro
356:on La Macorina.
332:Abelardo Barroso
288:
257:the same as that
253:of ripe soursop,
80:Other names
67:
55:, Spanish Empire
45:
43:
21:
16:Cuban prostitute
1197:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1186:
1162:
1161:
1152:
1150:
1136:
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1115:
1109:
1094:
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1064:
1062:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1027:
1018:
1016:
1008:
1002:
996:
981:
975:
967:. Basic Books.
960:
951:
949:
939:
930:
928:
918:
909:
907:
897:
894:
889:
888:
882:Valenzuela 2004
880:
876:
868:
864:
856:
852:
842:
840:
831:
830:
826:
818:
814:
804:
802:
789:
788:
784:
778:Echevarria 2001
776:
772:
764:
757:
747:
745:
732:
731:
727:
719:
715:
707:
700:
690:
688:
679:
678:
667:
659:
655:
645:
643:
634:
633:
624:
616:
612:
602:
600:
591:
590:
579:
569:
567:
559:
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554:
546:
542:
534:
527:
519:
502:
494:
473:
463:
461:
452:
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378:
290:
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278:
275:
272:
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262:
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248:
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225:
221:
212:
196:
151:
139:driving license
75:
69:
65:
56:
46:
41:
39:
37:
36:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1195:
1193:
1185:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1164:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1149:on 31 May 2009
1134:
1128:
1113:
1107:
1092:
1086:
1071:
1046:
1025:
1000:
994:
979:
973:
958:
937:
916:
893:
890:
887:
886:
874:
872:, p. 211.
862:
850:
824:
812:
782:
770:
755:
725:
713:
698:
665:
653:
622:
610:
577:
552:
540:
525:
500:
471:
444:
443:
441:
438:
437:
436:
429:
426:
413:poor driving.
402:
399:
395:Margarita Luti
383:Consuelo Bello
377:
374:
324:Cundo BermĂşdez
309:Chavela Vargas
286:Chavela Vargas
241:the sugarcanes
227:
223:
222:
220:
217:
211:
208:
195:
194:Chambelona War
192:
150:
147:
135:Chambelona War
103:
102:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
81:
77:
76:
70:
62:
58:
57:
47:
34:
32:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1194:
1183:
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1169:
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1148:
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1125:
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1120:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1093:
1089:
1083:
1079:
1078:
1072:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1051:"La Macorina"
1047:
1035:
1031:
1026:
1014:
1006:
1001:
997:
991:
987:
986:
980:
976:
970:
966:
965:
959:
947:
943:
938:
926:
922:
917:
905:
901:
896:
895:
891:
883:
878:
875:
871:
866:
863:
860:, p. 62.
859:
854:
851:
838:
834:
828:
825:
822:, p. 60.
821:
816:
813:
800:
796:
792:
786:
783:
780:, p. 85.
779:
774:
771:
767:
762:
760:
756:
743:
739:
735:
729:
726:
722:
717:
714:
711:, p. 50.
710:
705:
703:
699:
686:
682:
676:
674:
672:
670:
666:
662:
661:Iglesias 2008
657:
654:
641:
637:
631:
629:
627:
623:
619:
614:
611:
598:
594:
588:
586:
584:
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578:
566:
562:
556:
553:
549:
544:
541:
537:
532:
530:
526:
522:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
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501:
497:
492:
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
472:
459:
455:
449:
446:
439:
435:
432:
431:
427:
425:
423:
422:Hispano-Suiza
420:and two from
419:
414:
410:
408:
400:
398:
396:
393:of his lover
392:
388:
384:
375:
373:
371:
367:
362:
357:
355:
351:
348:In his novel
346:
344:
343:ListĂn Diario
340:
335:
333:
329:
325:
320:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:Alfonso CamĂn
295:
289:
287:
282:
281:Alfonso CamĂn
274:
261:Then the dawn
218:
216:
209:
207:
205:
201:
193:
191:
187:
184:
179:
177:
173:
169:
164:
161:. She was of
160:
156:
148:
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140:
136:
132:
128:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
100:
96:
93:
90:
86:
82:
78:
73:
63:
59:
54:
50:
33:
29:
22:
19:
1151:. Retrieved
1147:the original
1142:
1118:
1097:
1076:
1063:. Retrieved
1059:the original
1055:La Jiribilla
1054:
1038:. Retrieved
1036:(in Spanish)
1033:
1017:. Retrieved
1015:(in Spanish)
1012:
984:
963:
950:. Retrieved
945:
929:. Retrieved
927:(in Spanish)
924:
908:. Retrieved
903:
892:Bibliography
877:
870:Schweid 2009
865:
858:Schweid 2009
853:
841:. Retrieved
836:
827:
820:Schweid 2009
815:
803:. Retrieved
799:the original
794:
785:
773:
746:. Retrieved
742:the original
737:
728:
716:
689:. Retrieved
687:(in Spanish)
684:
656:
644:. Retrieved
639:
613:
601:. Retrieved
596:
568:. Retrieved
564:
555:
543:
496:Alfonso 2016
462:. Retrieved
457:
448:
415:
411:
404:
382:
379:
369:
365:
358:
353:
349:
347:
336:
327:
321:
312:
300:
291:
277:
228:
213:
197:
188:
180:
171:
168:prostitution
163:Afro-Chinese
154:
152:
119:
107:
106:
66:(1977-06-15)
64:15 June 1977
18:
1177:1977 deaths
1172:1892 births
536:Ortega 2008
368:" and the "
354:La Aviadora
350:Las Impuras
120:La Macorina
25:La Macorina
1166:Categories
1013:www.sld.cu
766:Nodal 2019
561:"Macorina"
548:Cooke 2014
440:References
339:Vigil DĂaz
127:prostitute
92:Prostitute
88:Occupation
721:Bono 2013
618:Ross 2017
387:same name
317:Francoism
279:—Poem by
149:Biography
110:(1892 in
101:1917–1934
1153:16 April
1101:. RUTH.
1065:16 April
1040:15 April
1019:16 April
952:15 April
931:15 April
910:15 April
843:16 April
805:16 April
748:16 April
691:15 April
646:16 April
640:TodoCuba
603:16 April
570:16 April
428:See also
418:Mercedes
328:Macorina
301:Macorina
294:Asturian
224:Macorina
143:Americas
122:, was a
112:Guanajay
49:Guanajay
925:El PaĂs
391:Raphael
183:clients
176:MalecĂłn
141:in the
40: (
1126:
1105:
1084:
992:
971:
464:11 May
305:a song
116:Havana
74:, Cuba
72:Havana
1009:(PDF)
337:Poet
330:" by
124:Cuban
1155:2020
1124:ISBN
1103:ISBN
1082:ISBN
1067:2020
1042:2020
1021:2020
990:ISBN
969:ISBN
954:2020
933:2020
912:2020
845:2020
807:2020
750:2020
693:2020
648:2020
605:2020
572:2020
466:2020
407:Ford
292:The
61:Died
42:1892
38:1892
31:Born
372:".
307:by
1168::
1053:.
1011:.
902:.
835:.
793:.
758:^
736:.
701:^
683:.
668:^
625:^
595:.
580:^
563:.
528:^
503:^
474:^
397:.
345:.
334:.
319:.
145:.
51:,
1157:.
1132:.
1111:.
1090:.
1069:.
1044:.
1023:.
998:.
977:.
956:.
935:.
914:.
884:.
847:.
809:.
768:.
752:.
723:.
695:.
663:.
650:.
620:.
607:.
574:.
550:.
538:.
523:.
498:.
468:.
364:"
44:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.