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784:. The resulting staff backlash caused serious disruptions and staff strikes. In a statement, the theatre's board said it was "urgent to unify the theatre's management". On 16 March 2005, the La Scala orchestra and other staff overwhelmingly approved a no-confidence motion against Muti. They demanded the resignation of Fontana's replacement, Mauro Meli. Muti had already been forced to cancel a concert a few days earlier because of the disagreements. Italy's culture minister,
554:, from which the theatre gets its name. The church was deconsecrated and demolished. Over a period of two years, the theatre was completed by Pietro Marliani, Pietro Nosetti, and Antonio and Giuseppe Fe. The theatre had a total of "3,000 or so" seats organized into 678 pit-stalls, arranged in six tiers of boxes above which is the 'loggione' or two galleries. Its stage is one of the largest in Italy (16.15m d x 20.4m w x 26m h).
368:(La Scala Theatre Museum), accessible from the theatre's foyer and a part of the house, contains a collection of paintings, drafts, statues, costumes, and other documents regarding the history of La Scala and of opera in general. La Scala also hosts the Accademia d'Arti e Mestieri dello Spettacolo (Academy for the Performing Arts). Its goal is to train a new generation of young musicians, technical staff, and dancers (at the
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561:. La Scala (as it came to be known) soon became the preeminent meeting place for noble and wealthy Milanese people. In the tradition of the times, the main floor had no chairs, and spectators watched the shows standing up. The orchestra was in full sight, as the orchestra pit had not yet been built.
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proved controversial, as preservationists feared that historic details would be lost. However, the opera company was satisfied with the improvements to the structure and the sound quality, which was enhanced when the heavy red carpets in the hall were removed. The stage was entirely rebuilt, and an
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La Scala hosted the first productions of many famous operas and had a special relationship with Verdi. However, for several years, Verdi did not allow his work to be played here, as some of his music had been modified (he said "corrupted") by the orchestra. This dispute originated in a disagreement
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La Scala was originally illuminated with 84 oil lamps mounted on the stage and another thousand in the rest of the theatre. To reduce the risks of fire, several rooms were filled with hundreds of water buckets. In time, oil lamps were replaced by gas lamps; these, in turn, were replaced by electric
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In 1982, the
Filarmonica della Scala orchestra was established to develop a symphonic repertoire to add to La Scala's operatic tradition, the orchestra drawing its members from the larger pool of musicians that comprise the Orchestra della Scala. The Filarmonica was conducted first by
379:—where the less wealthy can watch the performances. The gallery is typically crowded with the most critical opera aficionados, known as the loggionisti, who can be ecstatic or merciless towards singers' perceived successes or failures. For their failures, artists receive a "
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Most of Italy's greatest operatic artists, and many of the finest singers from around the world, have appeared at La Scala. The theatre is regarded as one of the leading opera and ballet theatres globally. It is home to the La Scala
Theatre Chorus,
788:, supported the conductor but called for urgent action by management to safeguard the smooth operation and prestige of La Scala. On 2 April 2005, Muti resigned from La Scala, citing "hostility" from staff members.
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principal guest conductor of the company. In
October 2011, Barenboim was appointed the next music director of La Scala, effective December 2011, with an initial contract of 5 years.
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As early as 1958 R. Vermeulen of
Philips Electronics experimented with "loudspeakers for stereo reverberation" at La Scala, which were "concealed in the cove along the ceiling".
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The theatre underwent a major renovation from early 2002 to late 2004. The theatre closed following the traditional 7 December 2001 season-opening performances of
333:, La Scala Theatre Orchestra, and the Filarmonica della Scala orchestra. The theatre also has an associate school, known as the La Scala Theatre Academy (Italian:
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Carlo
Fontana, the general manager of La Scala since 1990, was dismissed in February 2005 by the board of governors over differences with the music director,
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Building expenses were covered by the sale of boxes, which were lavishly decorated by their owners, impressing observers such as
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there on 25 May 1874. He announced in 1886 that La Scala would host the premiere of what was to become his penultimate opera,
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The renovations cost a reported €61 million and left a budget shortfall that the opera house overcame in 2006.
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The original structure was renovated in 1907 when it was given its current layout with 1,987 seats. In 1943, during
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Vermeuelen, Roeleof. “Stereo-Reverberation.” Journal of the Audio
Engineering Society, 6:2 (April 1958), 124–130.
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produced an initial design. However, it was rejected by Count
Firmian (the governor of the then Austrian
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1761:"Alexander Pereira to Begin La Scala Tenure in October 2014, Year Earlier Than Originally Announced"
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asking for a new theatre and a provisional one to be used while completing the new one. The
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gala. A group of ninety wealthy
Milanese, who owned private boxes in the theatre, wrote to
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383:" from these aficionados, and fiascos are long remembered. For example, in 2006, tenor
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675:, plus many collaborative relations with some of the greatest conductors of the time.
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David Willey, "La Scala faces uncertain future", BBC News online, 12 November 2005
285:, Italy. The theatre was inaugurated on 3 August 1778 and was originally known as
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enlarged backstage allows more sets to be stored, permitting more productions.
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Seat preview – Photo and sweep panorama overlooking the stage from every seat
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The opera house re-opened on 7 December 2004 with a production, conducted by
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439: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1885:. Translated by William Weaver. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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Beauvert, Thierry; Moatti, Jacques & Kleinefenn, Florian (1995).
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La Scala was originally selected to host the opening ceremony of the
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550:. The new theatre was built on the former location of the church of
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1813:(Press release). International Olympic Committee. 15 September 2017
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It's official: Riccardo
Chailly to be La Scala's new music director
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1990:
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Cantelli died in an airplane crash one week after his appointment.
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1983:
1927:
The Autumn of
Italian Opera: From Verismo to Modernism, 1890–1915
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1474:"Cecilia Bartoli triumphs at La Scala amidst catcalls and boos"
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the next music director of La Scala, effective 1 January 2015.
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As with most of the theatres at that time, La Scala was also a
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The exterior of La Scala in 2005 after the 2002/04 renovations
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This article is about the opera house. For other uses, see
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Museo della Scienza e della Tecnologia "Leonardo da Vinci"
1790:"Teatro alla Scala: Meyer soll Pereira in Mailand ablösen"
387:
left the stage after being booed during a performance of
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The position was vacant from April 2005 to December 2007
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A nineteenth-century depiction of the Teatro alla Scala
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1811:"IOC Elects Milan as Host of the IOC Session in 2019"
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1955:
Rambles in Germany and Italy in 1840, 1842, and 1843
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640:in 1845; however, the composer later conducted his
375:Above the boxes, La Scala has a gallery—called the
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1615:"La Scala Proudly Emerges From a Drama of Its Own"
1958:. Vol. I. London: Edward Moxon. p. 111.
2407:Antique Furniture & Wooden Sculpture Museum
1879:Conati, Marcello; Medici, Mario, eds. (1994).
1569:
1567:
546:A second plan was accepted in 1776 by Empress
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1648:"Critics say restoration has ruined La Scala"
1575:"Filarmonica della Scala – About Us, History"
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8:
1991:Accademia Teatro alla Scala official website
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519:A fire destroyed the previous theatre, the
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1013:Category:Opera world premieres at La Scala
27:
3395:Rebuilt buildings and structures in Italy
2476:Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano
499:Learn how and when to remove this message
2579:Palazzo della Banca Commerciale Italiana
2075:History of architecture and art in Milan
1497:"After La Scala Boos, a Tenor Boos Back"
695:
349:The Teatro alla Scala in Milan, by night
344:
3309:
1546:
1534:
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871:Principal conductors or music directors
821:Stéphane Lissner left La Scala for the
353:La Scala's season opens on 7 December,
288:il Nuovo Regio Ducale Teatro alla Scala
1523:Beauvert, Moatti & Kleinefenn 1995
855:, Switzerland after Milan submitted a
1558:
1495:Wakin, Daniel J. (13 December 2006).
932:La Scala was closed from 1918 to 1920
370:Scuola di Ballo del Teatro alla Scala
256:
243:
7:
2459:Art collection of Fondazione Cariplo
851:in 2019, but the event was moved to
437:adding citations to reliable sources
1697:"La Scala board fires top official"
814:In December 2013, management named
734:Seats now include monitors for the
610:, La Scala was severely damaged by
602:Interior of the opera house in 1900
372:, one of the academy's divisions).
311:, which was the former location of
3390:18th-century architecture in Italy
3350:Neoclassical architecture in Milan
2796:Giardini Pubblici Indro Montanelli
2464:Palazzo Anguissola Antona Traversi
1924:Mallach, Alan (30 November 2007).
1047:Idante, ovvero I sacrifici d'Ecate
776:(at the Musikverein, Vienna, 2008)
652:. The premiere of his last opera,
529:Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este
14:
2314:S. Maurizio al Monastero Maggiore
357:'s Day, the feast day of Milan's
3312:
2104:
1969:
1674:"La Scala revamp finished early"
1613:Riding, Alan (5 December 2004).
413:
315:). The premiere performance was
224:
181:
43:
34:
2013:Toscanini's reforms at La Scala
1932:University Press of New England
1864:. New York: The Vendome Press.
719:The theatre's restored interior
658:was also given in the theatre.
523:, on 25 February 1776, after a
424:needs additional citations for
3345:Music venues completed in 1778
2001:Zoomable image of the interior
1882:The Verdi-Boito Correspondence
1458:Bauer, Helen; Voigt, Deborah.
1178:I Lombardi alla prima crociata
1148:Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio
692:Major renovation, 2002 to 2004
576:At the Opera they were giving
572:discovered in September 1840:
1:
3380:Giuseppe Piermarini buildings
2811:Orto Botanico di Cascina Rosa
2712:Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
2619:Palazzo delle Scuole Palatine
2427:Museum of Musical Instruments
1788:Brug, Manuel (22 June 2019).
1444:The La Scala Theatre at Milan
630:, which created a sensation.
258:[teˈaːtroallaˈskaːla]
3385:1778 establishments in Italy
3375:Tourist attractions in Milan
2549:Casa di Riposo per Musicisti
1717:"Barenboim to head La Scala"
936:Arturo Toscanini (1921–1929)
907:Arturo Toscanini (1906–1907)
1750:(London). 10 December 2013.
1328:Dialogues of the Carmelites
836:, formerly director of the
634:over the production of his
335:Accademia Teatro alla Scala
16:Opera house in Milan, Italy
3413:
3365:Theatres completed in 1778
3036:Centro Sociale Leoncavallo
2913:Milan International (1906)
2639:Villa Belgiojoso Bonaparte
2309:S. Maria presso San Satiro
2264:S. Cristoforo sul Naviglio
2102:
928:Tullio Serafin (1917–1918)
736:electronic libretto system
18:
3098:Torino Palasport Olimpico
3015:Teatro dell'Opera di Roma
2931:
2867:Stadio del Ghiaccio Agorà
2705:Squares and public spaces
2604:Palazzo dei Giureconsulti
2511:Contemporary Art Pavilion
2506:Museo Teatrale alla Scala
2304:S. Maria presso San Celso
2065:
1909:. Yale University Press.
1906:First Nights at the Opera
1860:Opera Houses of the World
1725:. London. 14 October 2011
366:Museo Teatrale alla Scala
250:
159:
54:
42:
33:
3247:Teatro Flavio Vespasiano
2454:Gallerie di Piazza Scala
2397:Bagatti Valsecchi Museum
2006:6 September 2017 at the
1832:Conati & Medici 1994
1364:by Karlheinz Stockhausen
1355:by Karlheinz Stockhausen
797:Aix-en-Provence Festival
626:—with a soprano solo by
3274:Teatro Mario Del Monaco
3184:Teatro Alessandro Bonci
3056:Teatro degli Arcimboldi
2763:Quadrilatero della moda
2686:Teatro degli Arcimboldi
2628:State Archives of Milan
2449:Galleria d'Arte Moderna
2412:Applied Arts Collection
2334:Oratorio di San Protaso
2259:S. Bernardino alle Ossa
2203:S. Maria della Passione
2133:Basilica di Santa Tecla
1425:Oxford University Press
1244:by Antônio Carlos Gomes
1223:by Antônio Carlos Gomes
795:, formerly head of the
710:Teatro degli Arcimboldi
662:Filarmonica della Scala
552:Santa Maria della Scala
331:La Scala Theatre Ballet
2847:Hippodrome of San Siro
2806:Orto Botanico di Brera
2574:Palazzo dell'Arengario
2486:Museo del Risorgimento
2360:Garegnano Charterhouse
2091:Colonne di San Lorenzo
1253:by Amilcare Ponchielli
1055:La pietra del paragone
777:
720:
701:
603:
592:
516:
350:
334:
287:
21:Scala (disambiguation)
3360:Opera houses in Italy
3000:CSOA Forte Prenestino
2995:Circolo degli Artisti
2982:Music venues in Italy
2881:Events and traditions
2821:Villa Litta Modignani
2655:Biblioteca Ambrosiana
2634:Royal Palace of Milan
2614:Palazzo della Ragione
2417:Archaeological Museum
2379:Museums and galleries
2274:S. Giorgio al Palazzo
2188:S. Maria delle Grazie
1901:Kelly, Thomas Forrest
1421:UK English Dictionary
1345:Karlheinz Stockhausen
772:
718:
699:
601:
574:
514:
348:
3211:Teatro della Fortuna
2908:Milan Furniture Fair
2339:Rotonda della Besana
2319:S. Pietro in Gessate
2289:S. Maria del Carmine
2279:S. Giovanni in Conca
2223:S. Vincenzo in Prato
2193:Leonardo da Vinci's
2084:Archaeological sites
1978:at Wikimedia Commons
1340:Donnerstag aus Licht
1213:Antônio Carlos Gomes
1142:by Gaetano Donizetti
1079:by Gioachino Rossini
1070:by Gioachino Rossini
1067:Aureliano in Palmira
964:Gianandrea Gavazzeni
878:Antônio Carlos Gomes
865:2026 Winter Olympics
433:improve this article
306:Theatre at the Scala
272:Theatre at the Scala
95:45.46750°N 9.18917°E
49:Exterior of La Scala
3202:Teatro Carlo Felice
3072:Teatro di San Carlo
2872:Velodromo Vigorelli
2837:Allianz Cloud Arena
2773:Via Monte Napoleone
2660:Biblioteca di Brera
2599:Palazzo Castiglioni
2521:Triennale di Milano
2516:Pinacoteca di Brera
2501:Museo Poldi Pezzoli
2481:Museo del Novecento
2432:Museo d'Arte Antica
2294:S. Maria della Pace
2228:S. Vittore al Corpo
2218:S. Stefano Maggiore
1705:. 25 February 2005.
1234:Amilcare Ponchielli
1121:by Vincenzo Bellini
1112:by Vincenzo Bellini
1024:Europa riconosciuta
946:Carlo Maria Giulini
896:Cleofonte Campanini
755:Europa riconosciuta
679:Recent developments
669:Carlo Maria Giulini
537:Giuseppe Piermarini
521:Teatro Regio Ducale
322:Europa riconosciuta
245:[laˈskaːla]
149:Giuseppe Piermarini
91: /
30:
3010:Parco della Musica
2903:Milan Fashion Week
2830:Sporting sceneries
2753:Corso Buenos Aires
2746:Streets and canals
2737:Piazza Gae Aulenti
2727:Piazza della Scala
2624:Palazzo del Senato
2609:Palazzo Mezzanotte
2584:Palazzo Belgioioso
2544:Casa degli Omenoni
2531:Villas and palaces
2402:Castello Sforzesco
2299:S Maria Incoronata
2208:S. Nazaro in Brolo
2096:Milan amphitheatre
1682:. 5 November 2004.
1654:. 10 December 2002
1619:The New York Times
1585:on 31 October 2020
1502:The New York Times
1322:by Giacomo Puccini
1304:by Giacomo Puccini
1160:Un giorno di regno
1085:Margherita d'Anjou
1076:Il turco in Italia
1049:by Marcos Portugal
778:
723:The renovation by
721:
702:
604:
517:
351:
63:Piazza della Scala
3370:Theatres in Milan
3300:
3299:
2949:
2948:
2784:Gardens and parks
2594:Palazzo Carminati
2569:Palazzina Appiani
2387:Alfa Romeo Museum
2373:
2372:
2355:Chiaravalle Abbey
2161:S. Carlo al Corso
1976:Teatro alla Scala
1974:Media related to
1941:978-1-55553-683-1
1916:978-0-300-10044-0
1892:978-0-226-85304-8
1871:978-0-86565-977-3
1476:. 4 December 2012
1352:Samstag aus Licht
1295:by Giuseppe Verdi
1262:by Giuseppe Verdi
1190:by Giuseppe Verdi
1181:by Giuseppe Verdi
1172:by Giuseppe Verdi
1163:by Giuseppe Verdi
1132:Gaetano Donizetti
1090:Giacomo Meyerbeer
1060:Gioachino Rossini
861:Cortina d'Ampezzo
849:134th IOC Session
838:Salzburg Festival
827:Alexander Pereira
805:Maestro Scaligero
509:
508:
501:
483:
399:Antonello Palombi
252:Teatro alla Scala
168:
167:
162:Teatro alla Scala
100:45.46750; 9.18917
3402:
3317:
3316:
3308:
3129:Teatro Politeama
3093:Teatro Carignano
3051:Teatro Dal Verme
3046:Mediolanum Forum
2976:
2969:
2962:
2953:
2941:Outline of Milan
2936:Tourism in Italy
2857:Mediolanum Forum
2722:Piazza del Duomo
2691:Teatro Dal Verme
2589:Palazzo Borromeo
2469:Palazzo Brentani
2249:S. Antonio Abate
2171:Portinari Chapel
2118:
2108:
2070:History of Milan
2059:Tourism in Milan
2052:
2045:
2038:
2029:
1987:
1986:
1984:Official website
1973:
1959:
1945:
1920:
1896:
1875:
1863:
1844:
1841:
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1829:
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1644:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1610:
1604:
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1581:. Archived from
1571:
1562:
1556:
1550:
1544:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1509:
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1483:
1481:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1427:. Archived from
1406:
1385:Luca Francesconi
1361:Montag aus Licht
1301:Madama Butterfly
1285:Alfredo Catalani
1102:Vincenzo Bellini
993:Riccardo Chailly
987:Daniel Barenboim
940:Victor de Sabata
902:Leopoldo Mugnone
890:Arturo Toscanini
835:
825:. His successor
816:Riccardo Chailly
801:Daniel Barenboim
793:Stéphane Lissner
774:Daniel Barenboim
616:Arturo Toscanini
595:lights in 1883.
504:
497:
493:
490:
484:
482:
441:
417:
409:
310:
307:
300:
297:
294:
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277:) is a historic
276:
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38:
31:
3412:
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3403:
3401:
3400:
3399:
3325:
3324:
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3311:
3303:
3301:
3296:
3164:
3155:Teatro Comunale
3133:
3107:
3103:Torino Palavela
3076:
3060:
3024:
3005:PalaLottomatica
2983:
2980:
2950:
2945:
2927:
2923:Oh bej! Oh bej!
2918:Milan Triennial
2876:
2825:
2779:
2768:Via della Spiga
2741:
2732:Piazza Mercanti
2717:Piazza Cordusio
2700:
2664:
2643:
2559:Casa Panigarola
2525:
2496:Museo Diocesano
2422:Egyptian Museum
2369:
2343:
2232:
2139:
2128:Milan Cathedral
2114:Religious sites
2109:
2100:
2079:
2061:
2056:
2008:Wayback Machine
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1981:
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1930:. Lebanon, NH:
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1436:
1431:on 16 May 2020.
1412:
1407:
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1399:
1394:
1389:
1333:Francis Poulenc
1313:by Arrigo Boito
1273:Giacomo Puccini
1187:Giovanna d'Arco
1127:Lucrezia Borgia
1041:Marcos Portugal
1029:Antonio Salieri
1007:
1002:
873:
842:Dominique Meyer
829:
786:Giuliano Urbani
767:
694:
686:
681:
664:
637:Giovanna d'Arco
624:Giacomo Puccini
505:
494:
488:
485:
442:
440:
430:
418:
407:
381:baptism of fire
343:
317:Antonio Salieri
308:
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3340:Music in Milan
3337:
3327:
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3298:
3297:
3295:
3294:
3285:
3276:
3267:
3258:
3249:
3240:
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3222:
3220:Teatro Bibiena
3213:
3204:
3195:
3193:Baia Imperiale
3186:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3139:
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3126:
3124:Teatro Massimo
3121:
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2791:Basilicas Park
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2681:Piccolo Teatro
2678:
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1769:. 19 July 2013
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1605:
1596:
1579:filarmonica.it
1563:
1561:, p. 317.
1551:
1549:, p. 111.
1539:
1537:, p. 165.
1527:
1515:
1487:
1465:
1460:Verdi for Kids
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1153:Giuseppe Verdi
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620:Giuseppe Verdi
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3355:Opera history
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3119:Teatro Biondo
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2696:Teatro Lirico
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2324:S. Sebastiano
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1950:Shelley, Mary
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1834:, p. 42.
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1528:
1525:, p. 80.
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1498:
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1139:Maria Stuarda
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791:In May 2005,
789:
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782:Riccardo Muti
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747:Riccardo Muti
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740:Radio Marconi
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588:stock-jobbing
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548:Maria Theresa
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450: –
449:
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444:Find sources:
438:
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428:
427:
422:This section
420:
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404:
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400:
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355:Saint Ambrose
347:
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318:
314:
305:
289:
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248:; officially
246:
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104:
76:
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64:
61:
57:
53:
46:
41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
3292:Verona Arena
3287:
3278:
3269:
3265:Teatro Galli
3260:
3251:
3242:
3238:Teatro Regio
3233:
3224:
3215:
3206:
3197:
3189:Gabicce Mare
3188:
3175:
3169:Other cities
3160:Unipol Arena
3088:Teatro Regio
3040:
2898:Fiera Milano
2842:Arena Civica
2801:Monte Stella
2675:
2554:Casa Manzoni
2392:Armani/Silos
2194:
2166:S. Eustorgio
2018:Virtual tour
1954:
1926:
1905:
1881:
1859:
1839:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1783:
1771:. Retrieved
1764:
1755:
1747:
1739:
1727:. Retrieved
1720:
1711:
1700:
1677:
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1652:the Guardian
1651:
1642:
1630:. Retrieved
1618:
1608:
1599:
1587:. Retrieved
1583:the original
1578:
1554:
1547:Shelley 1844
1542:
1535:Mallach 2007
1530:
1518:
1506:. Retrieved
1500:
1490:
1478:. Retrieved
1468:
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1437:
1429:the original
1417:
1404:
1380:
1375:Fabio Vacchi
1368:
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1206:
1201:Arrigo Boito
1194:
1185:
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1125:
1116:
1109:La straniera
1107:
1095:
1083:
1074:
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1046:
1034:
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1010:
996:
981:
931:
846:
820:
813:
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804:
790:
779:
760:
753:
744:
738:provided by
733:
722:
705:
703:
687:
665:
653:
647:
641:
635:
632:
608:World War II
605:
593:
581:
578:Otto Nicolai
575:
570:Mary Shelley
563:
556:
545:
533:neoclassical
518:
495:
486:
476:
469:
462:
455:
443:
431:Please help
426:verification
423:
388:
376:
374:
363:
359:patron saint
352:
327:
320:
251:
170:
169:
132:Construction
25:
2329:S. Sepolcro
2284:S. Gottardo
2244:Sant'Angelo
2195:Last Supper
2156:S. Calimero
2151:S. Ambrogio
1817:21 February
1241:Maria Tudor
1229:La Gioconda
1196:Mefistofele
989:(2007–2014)
978:(1986–2005)
972:(1968–1986)
966:(1965–1968)
960:(1956–1965)
948:(1953–1956)
942:(1929–1953)
925:(1914–1917)
919:(1910–1914)
913:(1907–1910)
904:(1905–1906)
898:(1903–1905)
892:(1898–1903)
886:(1871–1889)
880:(1836–1896)
830: [
823:Paris Opera
765:2005 onward
728:Mario Botta
279:opera house
98: /
73:Coordinates
3329:Categories
2437:Pinacoteca
2254:S. Barnaba
2178:S. Lorenzo
1766:Opera News
1748:Gramophone
1729:15 October
1722:Gramophone
1589:27 October
1559:Kelly 2004
1508:31 January
1480:16 October
1414:"La Scala"
1409:"La Scala"
1392:References
1208:Il Guarany
1036:Demofoonte
803:was named
671:, then by
535:architect
459:newspapers
448:"La Scala"
395:understudy
86:09°11′21″E
83:45°28′03″N
3283:La Fenice
3180:Carisport
3150:PalaDozza
3145:Covo Club
3020:Villa Ada
2893:Expo 2015
2852:Idroscalo
2648:Libraries
2269:S. Fedele
2144:Basilicas
2121:Cathedral
1773:7 October
1627:0362-4331
1411:(US) and
1097:Il pirata
1005:Premieres
857:joint bid
751:Salieri's
725:architect
583:Templario
489:July 2017
145:Architect
3335:La Scala
3256:Cocoricò
3252:Riccione
3041:La Scala
2862:San Siro
2676:La Scala
2669:Theatres
2237:Churches
2183:S. Marco
2004:Archived
1952:(1844).
1903:(2004).
1702:BBC News
1679:CBC News
1381:Quartett
1319:Turandot
1292:Falstaff
1280:La Wally
863:for the
853:Lausanne
809:de facto
655:Falstaff
559:Stendhal
541:Lombardy
525:carnival
377:loggione
341:Overview
313:a church
241:Italian:
171:La Scala
123:Capacity
114:City of
65:, Milan,
29:La Scala
3270:Treviso
3225:Mezzago
3138:Bologna
3112:Palermo
2758:Navigli
1850:Sources
1795:31 July
1447:. 1936.
1169:Nabucco
997:present
643:Requiem
612:bombing
473:scholar
405:History
296:
266:
155:Website
59:Address
3305:Portal
3288:Verona
3279:Venice
3261:Rimini
3216:Mantua
3176:Cesena
3065:Naples
1938:
1913:
1889:
1868:
1625:
1419:Lexico
1379:2011:
1370:Teneke
1367:2007:
1358:1988:
1349:1984:
1337:1981:
1325:1957:
1316:1926:
1310:Nerone
1307:1924:
1298:1904:
1289:1893:
1277:1892:
1265:1889:
1259:Otello
1256:1887:
1247:1885:
1238:1879:
1226:1876:
1217:1873:
1205:1870:
1193:1868:
1184:1845:
1175:1843:
1166:1842:
1157:1840:
1145:1839:
1136:1835:
1124:1833:
1115:1831:
1106:1829:
1094:1827:
1082:1820:
1073:1814:
1064:1813:
1052:1812:
1045:1800:
1033:1794:
1021:1778:
995:(2015–
954:(1956)
706:Otello
649:Otello
566:casino
475:
468:
461:
454:
446:
137:Opened
3319:Opera
3243:Rieti
3234:Parma
3229:Bloom
3198:Genoa
3081:Turin
3029:Milan
2888:EICMA
2348:Other
1658:2 May
1632:2 May
1397:Notes
1268:Edgar
1220:Fosca
1118:Norma
1011:See:
859:with
834:]
807:, or
749:, of
684:1950s
480:JSTOR
466:books
304:Ducal
283:Milan
127:2,030
116:Milan
111:Owner
67:Italy
3207:Fano
2988:Rome
1936:ISBN
1911:ISBN
1887:ISBN
1866:ISBN
1819:2019
1797:2019
1775:2013
1731:2011
1660:2022
1634:2022
1623:ISSN
1591:2020
1510:2018
1482:2021
622:and
452:news
390:Aida
364:The
293:lit.
263:lit.
140:1778
1383:by
1373:by
1343:by
1331:by
1283:by
1271:by
1232:by
1211:by
1199:by
1151:by
1130:by
1100:by
1088:by
1058:by
1039:by
1027:by
580:'s
543:).
435:by
319:'s
281:in
3331::
3290::
3281::
3272::
3263::
3254::
3245::
3236::
3227::
3218::
3209::
3200::
3191::
3182:,
3178::
1934:.
1763:.
1746:,
1719:.
1699:.
1688:^
1676:.
1650:.
1621:.
1617:.
1577:.
1566:^
1499:.
1423:.
1416:.
867:.
844:.
832:de
397:,
325:.
261:,
239:,
235:-/
232:ɑː
222::
220:US
216:,
203:ɑː
179::
177:UK
3307::
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2968:t
2961:v
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2626:(
2051:e
2044:t
2037:v
1944:.
1919:.
1895:.
1874:.
1821:.
1799:.
1777:.
1733:.
1662:.
1636:.
1593:.
1512:.
1484:.
999:)
502:)
496:(
491:)
487:(
477:·
470:·
463:·
456:·
429:.
309:'
299:'
291:(
275:'
269:'
229:l
226:/
212:/
209:ə
206:l
200:k
197:s
194:ˈ
189:æ
186:l
183:/
173:(
23:.
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