979:, issued new rules governing who could become a professor. To teach the arts, a candidate had to be at least twenty-one, to have studied these arts at least six years, and to take an engagement as professor for at least two years. For a chair in theology, the candidate had to be thirty years of age, with eight years of theological studies, of which the last three years were devoted to special courses of lectures in preparation for the mastership. These studies had to be made in the local schools under the direction of a master. In Paris, one was regarded as a scholar only by studies with particular masters. Lastly, purity of morals was as important as reading. The licence was granted, according to custom, gratuitously, without oath or condition. Masters and students were permitted to unite, even by oath, in defence of their rights, when they could not otherwise obtain justice in serious matters. No mention is made either of law or of medicine, probably because these sciences were less prominent.
2077:
1576:. The decree of 17 March 1808 created five distinct faculties: Law, Medicine, Letters/Humanities, Sciences, and Theology; traditionally, Letters and Sciences had been grouped together into one faculty, that of "Arts". After a century, people recognized that the new system was less favourable to study. The defeat of 1870 at the hands of Prussia was partially blamed on the growth of the superiority of the German university system of the 19th century, and led to another serious reform of the French university. In the 1880s, the "licence" (bachelor) degree is divided into, for the Faculty of Letters: Letters, Philosophy, History, Modern Languages, with French, Latin and Greek being requirements for all of them; and for the Faculty of Science, into: Mathematics, Physical Sciences and Natural Sciences; the Faculty of Theology is abolished by the Republic. At this time, the building of the Sorbonne was fully renovated.
2215:
996:, "mother of the sciences, is another Cariath-Sepher, city of letters". He commissioned the Bishops of Le Mans and Senlis and the Archdeacon of Châlons to negotiate with the French Court for the restoration of the university, but by the end of 1230 they had accomplished nothing. Gregory IX then addressed a Bull of 1231 to the masters and scholars of Paris. Not only did he settle the dispute, he empowered the university to frame statutes concerning the discipline of the schools, the method of instruction, the defence of theses, the costume of the professors, and the obsequies of masters and students (expanding upon Robert de Courçon's statutes). Most importantly, the pope granted the university the right to suspend its courses, if justice were denied it, until it should receive full satisfaction.
3590:
1214:" as designating the head of a faculty, came into use by 1268 in the faculties of law and medicine, and by 1296 in the faculty of theology. It seems that at first the deans were the oldest masters. The faculty of arts continued to have four procurators of its four nations and its head was the rector. As the faculties became more fully organized, the division into four nations partially disappeared for theology, law and medicine, though it continued in arts. Eventually the superior faculties included only doctors, leaving the bachelors to the faculty of arts. At this period, therefore, the university had two principal
2119:
1239:
951:
resume the interrupted teaching of theology. But the university was largely founded about 1208, as is shown by a Bull of
Innocent III. Consequently, the schools of Saint-Victor might well have contributed to its formation. Secondly, Denifle excludes the schools of Ste-Geneviève because there had been no interruption in the teaching of the liberal arts. This is debatable and through the period, theology was taught. The chancellor of Ste-Geneviève continued to give degrees in arts, something he would have ceased if his abbey had no part in the university organization.
960:
2229:
51:
1327:, but due to its size, wealth, and the links between the crowns of France and Navarre, it quickly accepted students from other nations. The establishment of the College of Navarre was a turning point in the university's history: Navarra was the first college to offer teaching to its students, which at the time set it apart from all previous colleges, founded as charitable institutions that provided lodging, but no tuition. Navarre's model combining lodging and tuition would be reproduced by other colleges, both in Paris and
1049:
3562:
1267:(1257). Thus the University of Paris assumed its basic form. It was composed of seven groups, the four nations of the faculty of arts, and the three superior faculties of theology, law, and medicine. Men who had studied at Paris became an increasing presence in the high ranks of the Church hierarchy; eventually, students at the University of Paris saw it as a right that they would be eligible to benefices. Church officials such as St. Louis and Clement IV lavishly praised the university.
3280:
2091:
935:, in his difficulties with St. Thomas of Canterbury, wanted to submit his cause to a tribunal composed of professors of Paris, chosen from various provinces (Hist. major, Henry II, to end of 1169). This was likely the start of the division according to "nations," which was later to play an important part in the university. Celestine III ruled that both professors and students had the privilege of being subject only to the ecclesiastical courts, not to civil courts.
3849:"Miscellanea Scotica: Memoirs of the ancient alliance between France and Scotland. Account of the Earl of Glencairn's expedition into the Highlands of Scotland, in the years 1653-4, written by Graham of Deuchrie. Life and death of King James the Fifth of Scotland. Buchanan's inquiry into the genealogy and present state of ancient Scottish surnames; with the history of the family of Buchanan. Monro's (High Dean of the Isles) genealogies of the clans of the isles"
1421:
2105:
1444:, reformed the university, correcting its perceived abuses and introducing various modifications. This reform was less an innovation than a recall to observance of the old rules, as was the reform of 1600, undertaken by the royal government with regard to the three higher faculties. Nonetheless, and as to the faculty of arts, the reform of 1600 introduced the study of Greek, of French poets and orators, and of additional classical figures like
4545:
3308:
2133:
3576:
2173:
3294:
2187:
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2201:
3336:
3322:
3534:
897:, Rome, and other cities: "At that time, there flourished at Paris philosophy and all branches of learning, and there the seven arts were studied and held in such esteem as they never were at Athens, Egypt, Rome, or elsewhere in the world." ("Les gestes de Philippe-Auguste"). Poets extolled the university in their verses, comparing it to all that was greatest, noblest, and most valuable in the world.
472:, to signify they were under the protection of the church. Students followed the rules and laws of the Church and were not subject to the king's laws or courts. This presented problems for the city of Paris, as students ran wild, and its official had to appeal to Church courts for justice. Students were often very young, entering the school at 13 or 14 years of age and staying for six to 12 years.
4383:
811:
1594:. The number of French university students skyrocketed from only 280,000 during the 1962–63 academic year to 500,000 in 1967–68, but at the start of the decade, there were only 16 public universities in the entire country. To accommodate this rapid growth, the government hastily developed bare-bones off-site faculties as annexes of existing universities (roughly equivalent to American
901:
4533:
1555:"there should be established in the Republic three progressive degrees of instruction; the first for the knowledge indispensable to artisans and workmen of all kinds; the second for further knowledge necessary to those intending to embrace the other professions of society; and the third for those branches of instruction the study of which is not within the reach of all men".
4521:
1429:
3350:
419:
1605:, minister of education, proposed "the reorganisation of university studies into separate two- and four-year degrees, alongside the introduction of selective admission criteria" as a response to overcrowding in lecture halls. Dissatisfied with these educational reforms, students began protesting in November 1967, at the campus of the University of Paris in
3548:
4557:
1598:). These faculties did not have university status of their own and lacked academic traditions and amenities to support student life or resident professors. One-third of all French university students ended up in these new faculties, and were ripe for radicalization as a result of being forced to pursue their studies in such shabby conditions.
1207:
to form. But the four faculties were already formally established by 1254, when the university described in a letter "theology, jurisprudence, medicine, and rational, natural, and moral philosophy". The masters of theology often set the example for the other faculties—e.g., they were the first to adopt an official seal.
1255:
had not found the remedy of taxation. It was upheld in the Bull of
Gregory IX of 1231, but with an important modification: its exercise was to be shared with the citizens. The aim was to offer the students a shelter where they would fear neither annoyance from the owners nor the dangers of the world.
971:
issued a diploma "for the security of the scholars of Paris," which affirmed that students were subject only to ecclesiastical jurisdiction. The provost and other officers were forbidden to arrest a student for any offence, unless to transfer him to ecclesiastical authority. The king's officers could
1636:
government then held talks with union leaders, who agreed to a package of wage-rises and increases in union rights. The strikers, however, simply refused the plan. With the French state tottering, de Gaulle fled France on May 29 for a French military base in
Germany. He later returned and, with
1499:, who claimed by word and action a share in its teaching. It made extensive use of its right to decide administratively according to occasion and necessity. In some instances it openly endorsed the censures of the faculty of theology and pronounced condemnation in its own name, as in the case of the
1206:
To classify professors' knowledge, the schools of Paris gradually divided into faculties. Professors of the same science were brought into closer contact until the community of rights and interests cemented the union and made them distinct groups. The faculty of medicine seems to have been the last
1066:
in 1222. Later, they formed a distinct body. By 1249, the four nations existed with their procurators, their rights (more or less well-defined), and their keen rivalries: the nations were the French, English, Normans, and
Picards. After the Hundred Years' War, the English nation was replaced by the
1721:
Faculty of Law and
Economics (35 out of 41 of the economics Professors joined, along with a few professors from law) and the Faculty of Humanities. There were also Paris Institute of Geography, Paris Institute of Business Administration, part of Institute of Art and Archeology of the University of
1559:
Measures were to be taken immediately: "For means of execution the department and the municipality of Paris are authorized to consult with the
Committee of Public Instruction of the National Convention, in order that these establishments shall be put in action by 1 November next, and consequently
1411:
originated in 1578 with students dispersed between Collège
Montaigu, Collège de Boncourt, and the Collège de Navarre; in 1677 it was awarded possession of the Collège des Lombards. A new Irish College was built in 1769 in rue du Cheval Vert (now rue des Irlandais), which exists today as the Irish
950:
and some others hold that this honour is exclusive to the school of Notre-Dame (Chartularium
Universitatis Parisiensis), but the reasons do not seem convincing. He excludes Saint-Victor because, at the request of the abbot and the religious of Saint-Victor, Gregory IX in 1237 authorized them to
1256:
Thus were founded the colleges (colligere, to assemble); meaning not centers of instruction, but simple student boarding-houses. Each had a special goal, being established for students of the same nationality or the same science. Often, masters lived in each college and oversaw its activities.
751:
brought about a division of the theology department. Hitherto the discipline of the Church had not been separate from so-called theology; they were studied together under the same professor. But this vast collection necessitated a special course, which was undertaken first at
Bologna, where
1656:
as minister of education; Faure was assigned to prepare a legislative proposal for reform of the French university system, with the help of academics. Their proposal was adopted on 12 November 1968; in accordance with the new law, the faculties of the
University of Paris were to reorganize
1023:
in France, realizing that such frequent changes caused serious inconvenience, decided that the rectorate should last three months, and this rule was observed for three years. Then the term was lengthened to one, two, and sometimes three years. The right of election belonged to the
1250:
The scattered condition of the scholars in Paris often made lodging difficult. Some students rented rooms from townspeople, who often exacted high rates while the students demanded lower. This tension between scholars and citizens would have developed into a sort of civil war if
1560:
colleges now in operation and the faculties of theology, medicine, arts, and law are suppressed throughout the Republic". This was the death-sentence of the university. It was not to be restored after the Revolution had subsided, no more than those of the provinces.
1839:
Faculty of Humanities, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Paris Institute of Psychology, Paris Institute of Pharmacotechnics and Pharmacodynamics, Avenue de Versailles University Institute of Technology, and Paris Institute of Molecular Pathology.
633:, he continued his studies at Paris, entered or allied himself with the chapter of Ste-Geneviève, and attracted many pupils via his teaching. Distinguished professors from the school of Notre-Dame in the eleventh century include Lambert, disciple of
1510:
XIV, when the Spaniards crossed the Somme and threatened the capital, it placed two hundred men at the king's disposal and offered the Master of Arts degree gratuitously to scholars who should present certificates of service in the army (Jourdain,
3769:"§1. The University of Paris. X. English Scholars of Paris and Franciscans of Oxford. Vol. 1. From the Beginnings to the Cycles of Romance. The Cambridge History of English and American Literature: An Encyclopedia in Eighteen Volumes. 1907–21"
1494:
Proud of its rights and privileges, the University of Paris fought energetically to maintain them, hence the long struggle against the mendicant orders on academic as well as on religious grounds. Hence also the shorter conflict against the
1609:; indeed, according to James Marshall, these reforms were seen "as the manifestations of the technocratic-capitalist state by some, and by others as attempts to destroy the liberal university". After student activists protested against the
817:
The school of Saint-Victor, under the abbey, conferred the licence in its own right; the school of Notre-Dame depended on the diocese, that of Ste-Geneviève on the abbey or chapter. The diocese and the abbey or chapter, through their
2076:
1647:
822:, gave professorial investiture in their respective territories where they had jurisdiction. Besides Notre-Dame, Ste-Geneviève, and Saint-Victor, there were several schools on the "Island" and on the "Mount". "Whoever", says
451:, Medicine, Law, and Theology. The Faculty of Arts was the lowest in rank, but also the largest, as students had to graduate there in order to be admitted to one of the higher faculties. The students were divided into four
4602:
2001:
University Hospital Center (In French: Centre hospitalier universitaire, CHU) Henri-Mondor, Faculty of Law and Economics in Créteil, Varenne-Saint-Hilaire University Center, and Planning Institute of Paris
1637:
the assurance of military support, announced elections forty days. Over the next two months, the strikes were broken (or broke up) while the election was won by the Gaullists with an increased majority.
2027:
Faculty of Sciences of Paris in Villetaneuse (Third Faculty of Sciences), Faculty of Law and Economics, Saint-Denis University Center - Villetaneuse, and Saint-Denis University Institutes of Technology
2166:), and many other political and social figures. The Sorbonne has also educated leaders of Albania, Canada, the Dominican Republic, Gabon, Guinea, Iraq, Jordan, Kosovo, Tunisia, and Niger among others.
728:. The School of Saint-Victor arose to rival those of Notre-Dame and Ste-Geneviève. It was founded by William of Champeaux when he withdrew to the Abbey of Saint-Victor. Its most famous professors are
1621:, and a massive demonstration took place on 13 May, gathering students and workers on strike. The number of workers on strike reached about nine million by 22 May. As explained by Bill Readings:
2214:
2051:
4171:
1976:, Institute of Nuclear Physics of the University of Paris, Orsay University Institute of Technology, Cachan University Institute of Technology, and Sceaux University Institute of Technology
972:
not intervene with any member unless having a mandate from an ecclesiastical authority. His action followed a violent incident between students and officers outside the city walls at a pub.
4145:
1506:
Its patriotism was especially manifested on two occasions. During the captivity of King John, when Paris was given over to factions, the university sought to restore peace; and under Louis
2339:, Deputy Minister of Justice from May 1991 to April 1992, Finance Minister from April 1992 to March 1993, and Minister of Civil Servants and State Reforms from March 2000 to May 2002.
807:
or faculty to teach. The licence had to be granted freely. No one could teach without it; on the other hand, the examiner could not refuse to award it when the applicant deserved it.
2299:
1590:
The student revolts of the late 1960s were caused in part by the French government's failure to plan for a sudden explosion in the number of university students as a result of the
436:
in 1200: in it, among other accommodations granted to future students, he allowed the corporation to operate under ecclesiastic law which would be governed by the elders of the
1747:
Faculty of Law and Economics of Paris (88 out of 108 of the law professors joined, along with a few professors from Economics), and Graduate Institute of International Studies
3793:
1274:
provided housing and meals to students, sometimes for those of the same geographical origin in a more restricted sense than that represented by the nations. There were 8 or 9
1354:
was, according to a tradition, founded in the 13th century to facilitate a merging of the eastern and western churches. It was later reorganized as a French institution, the
1167:; the rest of the bishopric north of the Meuse belonged to the English nation). It was estimated that about half of the students in the Picard nation were Romance-speakers (
2937:
296:
In 1793, during the French Revolution, the university was closed and, by Item 27 of the Revolutionary Convention, the college endowments and buildings were sold. A new
3878:
999:
The pope authorized Pierre Le Mangeur to collect a moderate fee for the conferring of the license of professorship. Also, for the first time, the scholars had to pay
853:, sons of the nobility, and ranking gentry. The courses at Paris were considered so necessary as a completion of studies that many foreigners flocked to them. Popes
461:(German) nation. Recruitment to each nation was wider than the names might imply: the English–German nation included students from Scandinavia and Eastern Europe.
4592:
2494:
2490:
2477:
2421:
1487:; in the councils, in dealing with heresies and divisions; in the State, during national crises. Under the domination of England it played a role in the trial of
1101:
parts of Europe. The majority of students within that nation came from Germany and Scotland, and when it was renamed 'German nation' it was also sometimes called
4255:
3814:
3919:
Jean-Robert Pitte (ed), La Sorbonne au service des Humanités: 750 ans de création et de transmission du savoir, Presses Universitaires de Paris-Sorbonne, 2007
780:
was not included at Paris. In the twelfth century, medicine began to be publicly taught at Paris: the first professor of medicine in Paris records is Hugo,
3651:
1109:
4393:
4607:
4597:
4419:
La Sorbonne: ses origines, sa bibliothèque, les débuts de l'imprimerie à Paris et la succession de Richelieu d'après des documents inédits, 2. édition
3721:
The School of The French Revolution : A Documentary History of the College of Louis-le-Grand and its Director, Jean-François Champagne, 1762–1814
468:) became the model for all later medieval universities. Under the governance of the Church, students wore robes and shaved the tops of their heads in
1480:
were founded in the fourteenth century. The Hundred Years' War was fatal to these establishments, but the university set about remedying the injury.
1879:
376:
3589:
4612:
4587:
1769:
Faculty of Humanities accompanined by Institute of Linguistics of Paris, Institute for Advanced Latin American Studies of the University of Paris
324:
2269:
2118:
1796:
Faculty of Humanities, along with Institute of Slavic Studies of the University of Paris, and Institute of Musicology of the University of Paris
1716:
1648:
List of universities and higher education institutions in the Paris region § History since the dissolution of the University of Paris (1970)
407:) and his acceptance into "the fellowship of the elect Masters" there in about 1170, and it is known that Lotario dei Conti di Segni, the future
4582:
912:
was founded by a knight returning from Jerusalem called Josse of London for 18 scholars who received lodgings and 12 pence or denarii a month.
558:
4239:
4073:
4045:
4011:
3983:
3904:
3728:
1160:
1148:
622:. The latter two, although ancient, were initially eclipsed by the palatine school, until the decline of royalty brought about its decline.
3930:
3608:
1914:
1764:
874:
269:, scientists, and intellectuals were educated at the University of Paris. A few of the colleges of the time are still visible close to the
4355:"T. S. (Thomas Stearns) Eliot: An Inventory of His Collection in the Manuscript Collection at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center"
3862:
3848:
1476:. The "faculty of law" hence replaced the "faculty of decretals". The colleges meantime had multiplied; those of Cardinal Le-Moine and
2063:
1742:
1628:
responded on May 24 by calling for a referendum, and the revolutionaries, led by informal action committees, attacked and burned the
1124:
983:
2879:
4338:
4098:
3942:
3832:
3663:
1813:
1665:
1152:
849:
The number of students in the school of the capital grew constantly, so that lodgings were insufficient. French students included
289:(6 Place Paul Painlevé, 5th arr.), Collège Sainte-Barbe (4 rue Valette, 5th arr.), Collège d'Harcourt (44 Boulevard Saint-Michel,
2228:
1996:
1144:
1132:
372:
3076:
1945:
Faculty of Law and Economics and Faculty of Humanities in Nanterre, along with Ville-d'Avray University Institute of Technology
3561:
3279:
3068:
2889:
2022:
1591:
1238:
1140:
826:"had the right to teach might open a school where he pleased, provided it was not in the vicinity of a principal school." Thus
654:
538:
368:
340:
316:
2851:
2330:
1401:
4259:
915:
As the university developed, it became more institutionalized. First, the professors formed an association, for according to
4436:
Ed. with a Preface by William J. Courtenay. Education and Society in the Middle Ages and Renaissance 54 Leiden: Brill, 2017.
3875:
3124:
823:
787:
Professors were required to have measurable knowledge and be appointed by the university. Applicants had to be assessed by
312:(later including Economics), the Faculty of Science, the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Theology (closed in 1885).
4305:
3623:
3618:
2787:
2658:
2602:
2273:
207:
4511:
1818:
Faculty of Science, Faculty of Medicine, National School of Chemistry, and Paris Institute of Earth Physics (until 1990)
4617:
4577:
2457:
1156:
548:
348:
4494:
4413:
2619:
2525:
2392:
Prize of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques and member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques
2104:
1920:
Dauphine University Center (The professors were from the Department of Economics of the Faculty of Law and Economics)
1483:
Besides its teaching, the University of Paris played an important part in several disputes: in the Church, during the
959:
819:
725:
290:
282:
3036:
1834:
1437:
650:
396:
2548:
2411:
2389:
2342:
2289:
2090:
1829:
1673:
1227:
457:
according to language or regional origin: France, Normandy, Picardy, and England. The last came to be known as the
4450:(History of the University of Paris and of the Sorbonne), in 2 volumes (From the Origins to Richelieu, From Louis
3299:
2254:
2044:
1940:
1904:
1786:
1661:
619:
278:
3367:
List of Nobel Prize winners who were affiliated with the University of Paris or one of its thirteen successors.
3744:
3293:
1857:
1677:
1128:
938:
The three schools: Notre-Dame, Sainte-Geneviève, and Saint-Victor, may be regarded as the triple cradle of the
777:
2912:
1681:
1260:
1048:
649:. These two schools attracted scholars from every country and produced many illustrious men, among whom were:
352:
50:
4329:
Courtens, Eric (2003). "Peter Debye – A Life for Science". In Gonzalo, Julio A.; Aragó López, Carmen (eds.).
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1617:
the next day, and many students were arrested in the following week. Barricades were erected throughout the
327:
and the École supérieure de pharmacie de Paris. It was inaugurated on November 19, 1896, by French President
3613:
3285:
3020:
2453:
2443:
historian, winner of the Madeleine Laurain-Portemer Prize of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques
1973:
1967:
1201:
1136:
909:
520:
490:
412:
320:
3307:
4221:
3498:
3212:
2811:
2747:
2362:
2110:
1408:
1359:
1264:
1052:
Map showing the territories covered by the four nations of the University of Paris during the Middle Ages.
769:
448:
3519:
2186:
4398:
3897:
Cultural transfers in dispute: representations in Asia, Europe, and the Arab world since the Middle Ages
3681:
3575:
3335:
2894:
2708:
2623:
2615:
1374:
1339:
1328:
733:
465:
3567:
3444:
3060:
2172:
1477:
1086:
988:
In 1229, a denial of justice by the queen led to suspension of the courses. The pope intervened with a
662:
392:
In 1150, the future University of Paris was a student-teacher corporation operating as an annex of the
68:
2200:
1613:, the campus was closed by authorities on 22 March and again on 2 May 1968. Agitation spread to the
931:). The masters, as well as the students, were divided according to national origin,. Alban wrote that
927:, England, was admitted as a member of the teaching corps of Paris after he had followed the courses (
3321:
3188:
2921:
Pharmacoepidemiologist, professor of Public Health, and former General Director of Health for France.
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2692:
2672:
2662:
2585:
2373:
1962:
1618:
1573:
1252:
1219:
1062:
The "nations" appeared in the second half of the twelfth century. They were mentioned in the Bull of
976:
850:
773:
670:
666:
297:
274:
4457:
2947:
Nobel Prize winners who had attended the University of Paris or one of its thirteen successors are:
1210:
The faculties of theology, canon law, and medicine, were called "superior faculties". The title of "
638:
4525:
4354:
3533:
2801:
2734:
2701:
2650:
2607:
2598:
2565:
2512:, professor of Medieval German literature, winner of the Strasbourg Prize of the Académie française
2385:
2234:
2151:
1791:
1669:
1614:
1548:
1547:. On 15 September 1793, petitioned by the Department of Paris and several departmental groups, the
1363:
1243:
1223:
1057:
1029:
968:
932:
827:
709:
642:
634:
500:
453:
404:
364:
336:
315:
In 1896, a new University of Paris was re-founded as a grouping of the Paris faculties of science,
223:
215:
1923:
Mathematics, Computer Science, Management, Economics, Finance, Law, Political Science, Journalism
4549:
4281:
3876:« Picard » et « Picardie », espace linguistique et structures sociopolitiques
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2730:
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1319:
1184:
1094:
866:
729:
510:
444:
4146:"" Sorbonne Université " : Pierre-et-Marie-Curie et Paris-Sorbonne en route vers la fusion"
3824:
2722:
2628:
2561:
2555:
2538:
2096:
1420:
889:. The chroniclers of the time called Paris the city of letters par excellence, placing it above
835:
3719:
Palmer, R. R. (1975). "27, The National Convention orders the sale of all college endowments".
1290:
students could, during the 13th and 14th centuries, live in one of three Swedish colleges, the
1015:. The office was elective and of short duration; at first it was limited to four or six weeks.
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2888:(1939–2021) Pakistani tourism worker, cultural activist and Professor of French. Recipient of
2833:
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1012:
882:
862:
854:
788:
765:
746:
724:, whose source was the Scriptures and the Patristic Fathers. It was completed by the study of
717:
437:
408:
360:
309:
286:
219:
195:
108:
1259:
Four colleges appeared in the 12th century; they became more numerous in the 13th, including
4429:(From the University to the Universities), Paris: Association des Universités de Paris, 1997
3820:
3525:
3402:
3382:
3349:
3341:
3244:
3156:
2994:
2970:
2900:
2869:
2793:
2716:
2688:
2509:
2504:
2348:
2314:
1595:
1540:
1484:
1441:
1211:
1172:
1098:
870:
669:
etc. Three other men who added prestige to the schools of Notre-Dame and Ste-Geneviève were
626:
433:
393:
344:
227:
203:
123:
119:
4544:
4498:
4196:
3882:
3863:"Historical Tales of the Wars of Scotland, and of the Border Raids, Forays, and Conflicts"
3547:
3480:
3252:
3228:
3100:
2918:
2697:
2680:
2515:
2426:
2358:
2295:
1215:
1168:
1116:. This was a Romance-speaking territory, but it was not included within the French nation.
1068:
993:
924:
658:
301:
186:
37:
4505:
Liste des Universités de Paris et d'Ile-de-France : nom, adresse, cours, diplômes...
3698:
1909:
1488:
428:
1468:. The prohibition from teaching civil law was never well observed at Paris, but in 1679
1040:
of the University of Paris in the 14th century, beginning his term on January 13, 1340.
253:– it introduced academic standards and traditions that have endured and spread, such as
4561:
3553:
3462:
3424:
3313:
3260:
3220:
3164:
3148:
3108:
3084:
2962:
2924:
2783:
2743:
2676:
2533:
2486:
2283:
2242:
2192:
1629:
1016:
920:
858:
839:
760:
and then Paris erected chairs of canon law. Before the end of the twelfth century, the
721:
646:
440:, and assured all those completing courses there that they would be granted a diploma.
356:
328:
258:
254:
63:
3816:
Warriors of the Cloisters: The Central Asian Origins of Science in the Medieval World.
1657:
themselves. This led to the division of the University of Paris into 13 universities.
1527:
1097:
parts of continental Europe (except those included within the Picard nation), and the
4571:
4537:
4387:
3655:
3434:
3327:
3236:
3132:
3052:
3028:
2986:
2825:
2819:
2797:
2779:
2766:
2761:
2726:
2654:
2611:
2594:
2577:
2467:
2446:
2436:
2395:
2308:
2248:
2206:
2124:
1370:
1090:
1033:
1025:
947:
916:
878:
678:
415:, established in 1180 by an Englishman named Josse and endowed for 18 poor scholars.
400:
4172:"Les universités Descartes et Diderot fusionnent au sein de "l'Université de Paris""
2860:, Moroccan literary critic, novelist, philosopher, playwright, poet, and sociologist
3581:
3488:
3472:
3374:
3140:
3092:
3044:
3012:
2906:
2842:
2542:
2500:
2336:
2324:
2159:
2155:
1180:
1176:
1063:
1000:
411:, completed his studies there in 1182 at the age of 21. Its first college was the
266:
55:
4504:
4417:
1311:
335:, the university was divided into 13 autonomous universities, which today are the
464:
The faculty and nation system of the University of Paris (along with that of the
4501:: database of members of the University of Paris from the 11th to 16th centuries
3935:
Student Revolt, City, and Society in Europe: From the Middle Ages to the Present
3595:
3539:
3454:
3414:
3392:
3355:
3172:
3004:
2978:
2954:
2581:
2571:
2519:
2473:
2440:
2370:, attorney, interior designer, and founder of P&T Interiors in New York City
2178:
2082:
2043:
The successor universities to the University of Paris are now split over of the
1653:
1610:
1500:
1453:
1390:
1386:
1011:
The university was organized as follows: at the head of the teaching body was a
810:
584:
300:
replaced it in 1806 with four independent faculties: the Faculty of Humanities (
270:
242:
199:
1948:
Law, humanities, political science, social and natural sciences and economics.
4225:
3508:
2875:
1884:
Vincennes University Center (Most professors were from Faculty of Humanities)
1188:
989:
900:
894:
831:
757:
713:
697:
693:
674:
250:
238:
963:
Meeting of doctors at the University of Paris. From a 16th-century miniature.
739:
The plan of studies expanded in the schools of Paris, as it did elsewhere. A
3268:
2854:(1903–1990), one of the first woman members of the Turkish parliament (1935)
2829:
2815:
2738:
2704:
2644:
2367:
2352:
2303:
2260:
2163:
1469:
1428:
1394:
791:; if successful, the examiner, who was the head of the school, and known as
753:
705:
594:
4491:
3931:"From the Struggle against Repression to the 1968 General Strike in France"
2429:, a Thai politician and professor who played an important role in drafting
418:
17:
1082:
parts of Europe except those included within the Norman and Picard nations
1003:
for their education: two sous weekly, to be deposited in the common fund.
3768:
2668:
2449:, member of the Académie française and professor at the Collège de France
2430:
2264:
2220:
1633:
1606:
1569:
1473:
1367:
1020:
761:
701:
689:
630:
246:
231:
174:
4520:
4006:. Philosophy and education. Dordrecht: Kluwer academic. p. xviii.
3899:. Eigene und fremde Welten. Frankfurt-on-Main ; New York: Campus.
2846:
2632:
2558:, professor of French literature, Grand Prize of the Académie française
2529:
1572:
on 1 May 1806. All the faculties were replaced by a single centre, the
1496:
1465:
1378:
1324:
1303:
1120:
1037:
886:
804:
740:
685:
469:
211:
2574:, historian, member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques
4467:
Traver, Andrew G. 'Rewriting History?: The Parisian Secular Masters'
4454:
XIV to the Crisis of 1968), Paris: Nouvelle Librairie de France, 1997
4256:"NOUS BAYROU • Jean Peyrelevade sur son soutien à Hollande :..."
3647:
2481:
1585:
1461:
1457:
1445:
1287:
890:
332:
4386: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
869:
sent his nephews there. Noted German and English students included
237:
Highly reputed internationally for its academic performance in the
2614:, known particularly for his work on mathematical analysis of the
2497:, winner of the Diane Potier-Boes Prize of the Académie française.
1526:
1472:
officially authorized the teaching of civil law in the faculty of
1449:
1427:
1419:
1307:
1237:
1164:
1159:; and the southernmost part of the Germanic-speaking bishopric of
1047:
958:
899:
809:
629:, who lived in the tenth century. Not content with the courses at
417:
262:
191:
144:
104:
83:
4464:(History of French Universities), Toulouse: Editions Privat, 1986
4443:(The Sorbonne and its Reconstruction), Lyon: La Manufacture, 1987
4040:(in French). Ivry-sur-Seine: Ed. de l'Atelier. pp. 190–191.
3745:"Histoire de l'université | Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne"
2715:, an analytical technique for characterising differences between
1862:
Faculty of Sciences, Faculty of Letters, and Faculty of Medicine
1278:
for foreign students: the oldest one was the Danish college, the
2292:, Mexican archaeologist and director of the Templo Mayor Project
625:
The first renowned professor at the school of Ste-Geneviève was
3978:. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. pp. 136–137.
2503:(1916–2009), English-American professor and fifth president of
992:
that began with lavish praise of the university: "Paris", said
2311:(née Gortynskaia) (1854–1939), paleontologist and academician
1400:
At this time, the university also went the controversy of the
1143:; the bilingual (Romance and Germanic-speaking) bishoprics of
1366:
in the 14th century, and reformed in the 15th century by the
194:, France, from 1150 to 1970, except for 1793–1806 during the
3895:
Feuchter, Jörg; Hoffmann, Friedhelm; Yun, Bee, eds. (2011).
3677:
3675:
403:'s reference to the studies of his own teacher (an abbot of
2398:, Indian Bengali politician and educationist, class of 1928
4485:
2489:, egyptologist, winner of the Gaston-Maspero prize of the
1972:
Faculty of Science in Orsay (Fourth Faculty of Sciences),
885:; while Ste-Geneviève became practically the seminary for
3644:
Records of The Tercentenary Festival of Dublin University
2915:, observational astronomer known for his work on galaxies
2050:
Most of these successor universities have joined several
4603:
Educational institutions established in the 12th century
4333:. River Edge, N.J.: World Scientific. pp. 144–145.
2671:, was a French mathematician well known for his work on
2052:
groups of universities and higher education institutions
1222:
and the doctorate. It was not until much later that the
293:), and Cordeliers (21 rue École de Médecine, 6th arr.).
2866:, Bengali linguist, educationalist, and social reformer
2464:, member of the French National Council of Universities
1323:
was founded in 1305, originally aimed at students from
1163:(the part of that bishopric located south of the river
4093:. New Brunswick : Transaction Publishers. p. 86.
3865:. Fullarton. 21 January 2018 – via Google Books.
2872:, Ghanaian medical doctor, politician, poet and writer
1684:, leaving the number of successor universities at 11.
1513:
Hist. de l'Univers. de Paris au XVIIe et XVIIIe siècle
942:, which included masters and students; hence the name
803:
appointed an individual to teach. This was called the
399:. The earliest historical reference to it is found in
4509:
2154:, almost 50 French heads of government, three Popes (
1865:
Science, Medicine, Humanities, Social sciences, Arts
4231:
The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science: L-Z
4201:
Ministère de l'education nationale et de la jeunesse
3723:. Princeton: Princeton Legacy Library. p. 127.
4448:
Histoire de l'Université de Paris et de la Sorbonne
2790:, and which includes both control and stabilization
1551:decided that independently of the primary schools,
834:"; another Adam, Parisian by birth, "taught at the
610:Three schools were especially famous in Paris: the
155:
139:
114:
100:
90:
75:
3933:. In Dhondt, Pierre; Boran, Elizabethanne (eds.).
3885:, by Serge Lusignan and Diane Gervais, August 2008
1085:English nation (renamed 'German nation' after the
1074:The territories covered by the four nations were:
908:To allow poor students to study the first college
3929:Legois, Jean-Philippe; Monchablon, Alain (2018).
3851:. sold. 21 January 2018 – via Google Books.
2938:List of Nobel laureates by university affiliation
1416:15th–18th century: Influence in France and Europe
69:Universitas magistrorum et scholarium Parisiensis
4331:Great solid state physicists of the 20th century
2618:. He has contributed also to elasticity, to the
1432:The Sorbonne, Paris, in a 17th-century engraving
830:, who was of English origin, kept his "near the
776:, were added to the Decretum Gratiani. However,
27:Historic university in Paris, France (1150–1970)
3794:"Sorbonne University – the University of Paris"
426:The corporation was formally recognised as an "
4064:Rotman, Patrick; Devillairs, Laurence (2008).
4002:Marshall, James Derek (2004). "Introduction".
3486:
3478:
3470:
3460:
3146:
3138:
3130:
3122:
3114:
3106:
3098:
3090:
3082:
3074:
2909:, Chief Justice of Supreme Court of Azerbaijan
1652:Following the disruption, de Gaulle appointed
1517:Archiv. du ministère de l'instruction publique
1373:, when it attracted reformers from within the
1270:Besides the famous Collège de Sorbonne, other
1175:), and the other half were Germanic-speakers (
2769:, French mathematician known for her work in
1155:; a large part of the bilingual bishopric of
8:
4282:"M. Michel Sapin : Assemblée Nationale"
2546:
2452:Olivier Forcade, historian of Political and
1725:Humanities, Law, Social sciences, Economics
1539:The ancient university disappeared with the
1346:was founded in 1325. The Lombard college or
30:
4068:(in French). Paris: Seuil. pp. 10–11.
4066:Mai 68 raconté à ceux qui ne l'ont pas vécu
2639:of solids and materials. He focused on the
2495:Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres
2491:Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres
2478:Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres
2422:Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres
2251:, physician, activist during and post WWII.
2054:in the Paris region, created in the 2010s.
1067:Germanic. The four nations constituted the
744:
4234:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 992–993.
2882:politician, jurist and political scientist
2300:Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs
1686:
1601:In 1966, after a student revolt in Paris,
1112:, which corresponded approximately to the
474:
49:
29:
3825:10.23943/princeton/9780691155319.001.0001
2480:, president of the French Commission for
222:, it was nicknamed after its theological
2657:who made contributions to the theory of
2031:Science, Social sciences, Medicine, Law
1880:Paris 8 University Vincennes-Saint-Denis
1523:1793: Abolition by the French Revolution
782:physicus excellens qui quadrivium docuit
4516:
4434:The Papacy and the Rise of Universities
3937:. New York: Routledge. pp. 67–78.
3688:, Henry Holt and Company, 1923, p. 292.
3635:
3515:
3275:
2345:, Head of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement
2168:
2072:
1717:University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne
4089:Giles, Robert; Snyder, Robert (2001).
1843:Medicine, Social sciences, Humanities
1302:, named after the Swedish dioceses of
716:). To the higher instruction belonged
4593:12th-century establishments in France
4486:Chancellerie des Universités de Paris
4059:
4057:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4004:Postructuralism, philosophy, pedagogy
3997:
3995:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3961:
2282:, Ethiopian politician who served in
1568:The university was re-established by
185:
7:
4402:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
3609:Royal Commission on Animal Magnetism
2414:, anatomist, physician, and academic
1699:Faculties/institutes before breakup
1680:universities merged to form the new
1385:) and those who subsequently became
1119:Picard nation: the Romance-speaking
1105:("nation of the Germans and Scots").
929:Vita Joannis I, XXI, abbat. S. Alban
875:Cardinal Conrad, Archbishop of Mainz
2737:, part of it in collaboration with
2707:. He is best known for his work in
1338:is mentioned as early as 1345, the
743:compendium of canon law called the
659:St. Stephen, third Abbot of Cîteaux
4462:Histoire des Universités en France
4392:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
3506:
3266:
3258:
3250:
3242:
3234:
3226:
2927:(1964–2021), writer and translator
2733:and is best known for his work on
2522:, member of the Académie française
2351:, was one of the most influential
2064:List of University of Paris people
1979:Medicine, Science, Law, Economics
1750:Law, Political Science, Economics
984:University of Paris strike of 1229
208:second-oldest university in Europe
25:
3452:
3442:
3432:
3412:
3170:
3162:
3154:
3066:
3058:
3050:
3042:
3034:
3002:
1814:Pierre-and-Marie-Curie University
1424:The Old Sorbonne on fire in 1670.
684:Humanistic instruction comprised
190:), was the leading university in
4608:Defunct educational institutions
4598:1970 disestablishments in France
4555:
4543:
4531:
4519:
4441:La Sorbonne et sa reconstruction
4381:
4170:Pauline, Verge (21 March 2019).
4124:loi n 68-978 du 12 novembre 1968
3588:
3574:
3560:
3546:
3532:
3518:
3348:
3334:
3320:
3306:
3292:
3278:
2355:economists from the 19th-century
2227:
2213:
2199:
2185:
2171:
2131:
2117:
2103:
2089:
2075:
1668:universities merged to form the
1412:Chaplaincy and Cultural centre.
1110:ecclesiastical province of Rouen
206:of Paris, it was considered the
4427:De l'Université aux Universités
3422:
3410:
3400:
3390:
3380:
3372:
3026:
3018:
3010:
3000:
2992:
2984:
2976:
2968:
2960:
2952:
2023:Sorbonne Paris North University
1743:Paris-Panthéon-Assas University
975:In 1215, the Apostolic legate,
655:Gebbard, Archbishop of Salzburg
369:Sorbonne Paris North University
4613:Medieval European universities
4588:1150s establishments in France
2836:, whose other works developed
2818:who specialized in methods of
2788:partial differential equations
2659:partial differential equations
2603:partial differential equations
2470:, American writer and educator
1352:Collegium constantinopolitanum
1350:was founded in the 1330s. The
133:University reestablished: 1896
1:
4583:1150 establishments in Europe
3624:List of medieval universities
3619:List of split up universities
3496:
3218:
3210:
3202:
3194:
3186:
3178:
2903:(1906–1974), American actress
2897:(1903-2000), Russian designer
2333:, German television presenter
2276:and the museums of Carpentras
2272:, archivist, Director of the
2150:The Sorbonne has educated 11
1997:Paris-East Créteil University
1356:Collège de la Marche-Winville
1230:became intermediate degrees.
904:The Sorbonne covered by snow.
844:Hist. de l'Univers. de Paris,
756:was taught. In France, first
373:Paris-East Créteil University
131:Faculties reestablished: 1806
4091:1968: year of media decision
3819:Princeton University Press.
3069:Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
2890:Ordre des Palmes Academiques
2760:, introduced the concept of
2691:, and their applications to
2584:leader and head of state of
2458:University of Paris-Sorbonne
1103:natio Germanorum et Scotorum
955:13th–14th century: Expansion
774:Anselm (or Anselle) of Paris
651:St. Stanislaus of Szczepanów
349:Sorbonne Nouvelle University
341:Panthéon-Sorbonne University
198:. Emerging around 1150 as a
2675:, especially properties of
2620:theory of plates and shells
2476:, historian, member of the
2420:, historian, member of the
2388:, historian, winner of the
1564:1806–1968: Re-establishment
438:Notre-Dame Cathedral school
4634:
3457:(Visiting Lecturer) – 1936
3419:(Professor) – 1903*, 1911*
2935:
2845:, First Prime-minister of
2390:Madeleine Laurain-Portemer
2343:Menachem Mendel Schneerson
2274:Bibliothèque Inguimbertine
2061:
1830:Paris Descartes University
1645:
1583:
1531:The Sorbonne as seen from
1436:In the fifteenth century,
1402:condemnations of 1210–1277
1242:Rue Saint-Jacques and the
1199:
1069:faculty of arts or letters
1055:
981:
606:12th century: Organisation
218:and recognised in 1215 by
96:Here and anywhere on Earth
4492:Projet Studium Parisiense
2852:Benal Nevzat İstar Arıman
2547:
2331:Tamara Gräfin von Nayhauß
2309:Maria Vasillievna Pavlova
2255:Carlos Alvarado-Larroucau
1941:Paris Nanterre University
1905:Paris Dauphine University
1845:
1833:
1804:
1801:
1790:
1787:Paris-Sorbonne University
1763:
1715:
933:Henry II, King of England
612:palatine or palace school
62:
48:
35:
4422:, Paris: L. Willem, 1875
3881:17 December 2008 at the
3686:The Rise of Universities
3656:Hodges, Figgis & Co.
3125:Françoise Barré-Sinoussi
2408:at the Collège de France
2317:, French civil servant,
1876:University of Vincennes
1858:Paris Diderot University
1739:Paris II Panthéon-Assas
1438:Guillaume d'Estouteville
923:, twenty-first Abbot of
879:St. Thomas of Canterbury
443:The university had four
333:civil unrest of May 1968
4473:History of Universities
4152:(in French). 2017-01-20
4036:Pudal, Bernard (2008).
3976:The university in ruins
3974:Readings, Bill (1996).
3749:www.pantheonsorbonne.fr
3614:Faculty of Law of Paris
3286:Antoine-Henri Becquerel
3077:André Frédéric Cournand
3021:Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
2711:, and is the eponym of
2635:who specialized in the
2549:Académie des beaux-arts
2528:, former Ambassador of
2454:International relations
2433:'s first constitutions.
2412:Anatole Félix Le Double
2327:, cannibal and murderer
1974:Institut Gustave Roussy
1968:Paris-Saclay University
1937:Université Paris Ouest
1765:New Sorbonne University
1580:May 1968–1970: Shutdown
1202:Faculty of Law of Paris
1078:French nation: all the
491:College of the Eighteen
4286:Assemblee-nationale.fr
4222:Marilyn Bailey Ogilvie
3300:Marie Skłodowska Curie
2812:Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
2808:and their applications
2748:Intellectual historian
2363:Grand Imam of Al-Azhar
2019:Université Paris Nord
1639:
1557:
1536:
1433:
1425:
1409:Irish College in Paris
1247:
1053:
964:
940:Universitas scholarium
905:
865:studied at Paris, and
814:
745:
620:Sainte-Geneviève Abbey
432:" in an edict by King
423:
305:
279:Collège des Bernardins
230:and chartered by King
220:Pope Innocent III
170:
80:Hic et ubique terrarum
67:
41:
4425:Leutrat, Jean-Louis:
4399:Catholic Encyclopedia
4359:norman.hrc.utexas.edu
4306:"Marie Curie – Facts"
3813:Beckwith, CI (2012).
3037:Frédéric Joliot-Curie
2913:Gérard de Vaucouleurs
2895:Rostislav Doboujinsky
2709:statistical mechanics
2624:differential geometry
2616:finite element method
1993:Université Paris-Est
1835:Paris Cité University
1682:Paris Cité University
1646:Further information:
1623:
1584:Further information:
1553:
1530:
1431:
1423:
1375:Roman Catholic Church
1348:Collegium lombardicum
1241:
1200:Further information:
1051:
962:
903:
813:
734:Richard of St. Victor
466:University of Bologna
421:
353:Paris Cité University
331:. In 1970, after the
92:Motto in English
3701:. Paris Digest. 2018
3189:Charles Albert Gobat
2864:Muhammad Shahidullah
2752:Political philosophy
2693:mathematical finance
2673:stochastic processes
2647:and on porous solids
2597:who mainly works in
2586:Democratic Kampuchea
2374:Jean-Pierre Thiollet
2321:and business leader.
2290:Leonardo López Luján
2270:Jean-François Delmas
1963:Université Paris-Sud
1901:Paris-IX University
1630:Paris Stock Exchange
1574:University of France
1336:Collegium alemanicum
1334:The German College,
1300:Collegium Lincopense
1292:Collegium Upsaliense
851:princes of the blood
838:which is called the
671:William of Champeaux
667:Abbey of Fontevrault
653:, Bishop of Kraków;
616:school of Notre-Dame
413:Collège des Dix-Huit
298:University of France
275:Jardin du Luxembourg
202:associated with the
4618:Philip II of France
4578:University of Paris
4488:(official homepage)
4394:University of Paris
4197:"ACADÉMIE DE PARIS"
3503:(Professor) – 1907*
3493:(Professor) – 1980*
3483:(Researcher) – 1977
3475:(Researcher) – 1919
3467:(Professor) – 1913*
3449:(Professor) – 1935*
3439:(Professor) – 1906*
3429:(Researcher) – 1966
3407:(Professor) – 1929*
3397:(Professor) – 1926*
3387:(Professor) – 1908*
2832:who specialized in
2802:functional analysis
2735:motivic integration
2729:who specialized in
2665:, among other areas
2651:Jacques-Louis Lions
2608:Philippe G. Ciarlet
2599:functional analysis
2566:European Commission
2111:Jean-Jacques Ampère
1792:Sorbonne University
1670:Sorbonne University
1549:National Convention
1364:Archbishop of Rouen
1362:was founded by the
1360:Collège de Montaigu
1286:, founded in 1257.
1265:Collège de Sorbonne
1108:Norman nation: the
1058:Nation (university)
643:Manegold of Germany
635:Fulbert of Chartres
501:College of Sorbonne
365:Nanterre University
337:Sorbonne University
325:Protestant theology
306:Faculté des Lettres
281:(18 rue de Poissy,
224:College of Sorbonne
216:Philip II of France
171:Université de Paris
167:University of Paris
42:Université de Paris
32:
31:University of Paris
4497:2018-10-02 at the
4475:15 (1997–9): 9–45.
4310:www.nobelprize.org
4226:Joy Dorothy Harvey
4122:Berstein, p. 229;
3568:Irène Joliot-Curie
3446:Irène Joliot-Curie
3377:(Professor) – 2006
3061:Irène Joliot-Curie
3007:(DSc) – 1903, 1911
2886:Abdul Hafeez Mirza
2858:Abdelkebir Khatibi
2838:laser spectroscopy
2822:and trapping atoms
2806:probability theory
2771:algebraic geometry
2731:algebraic geometry
2663:stochastic control
2637:Physical chemistry
2418:Philippe Contamine
2382:, French historian
2005:Medicine, Science
1821:Science, Medicine
1596:satellite campuses
1537:
1434:
1426:
1383:Ignatius of Loyola
1344:Collegium scoticum
1329:other universities
1320:Collège de Navarre
1296:Collegium Scarense
1261:Collège d'Harcourt
1248:
1087:Hundred Years' War
1054:
965:
906:
871:Otto of Freisingen
815:
730:Hugh of St. Victor
663:Robert d'Arbrissel
511:College of Navarre
424:
377:Paris 8 University
245:– particularly in
127:Founded: 1045–1150
4241:978-0-415-92040-7
4113:Berstein, p. 229.
4075:978-2-02-096596-5
4047:978-2-7082-3976-0
4013:978-1-4020-1894-7
3985:978-0-674-92952-4
3906:978-3-593-39404-6
3730:978-0-69-161796-1
3271:(Attendee) – 1979
3255:(Attendee) – 2014
3197:Ferdinand Buisson
3191:(Attendee) – 1902
3181:Albert Schweitzer
3111:(M.D, DSc) – 1913
3095:(Attendee) – 1991
3087:(M.D, DSc) – 1965
3071:(Attendee) – 2007
3047:(Attendee) – 2007
3031:(PhD, DSc) – 2012
2880:Republic of China
2776:Jean-Michel Coron
2757:On the Postcolony
2641:crystal chemistry
2493:et member of the
2462:Sciences-Po Paris
2406:French literature
2402:Antoine Compagnon
2280:Aklilu Habte-Wold
2160:Celestine II
2156:Innocent III
2152:French presidents
2041:
2040:
1702:Current subjects
1632:in response. The
1603:Christian Fouchet
1592:postwar baby boom
1545:French Revolution
1440:, a cardinal and
1280:Collegium danicum
1253:Robert de Courçon
1114:Duchy of Normandy
1095:Germanic-speaking
977:Robert de Courçon
883:John of Salisbury
766:Gerard La Pucelle
747:Decretum Gratiani
665:, founder of the
603:
602:
409:Pope Innocent III
361:Saclay University
196:French Revolution
163:
162:
109:public university
16:(Redirected from
4625:
4560:
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4558:
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4547:
4536:
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4534:
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4515:
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4446:Tuilier, André:
4439:Rivé, Phillipe:
4414:Franklin, Alfred
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3773:www.bartleby.com
3765:
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3758:
3756:
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3734:
3716:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3699:"Sorbonne facts"
3695:
3689:
3679:
3670:
3669:
3640:
3592:
3578:
3564:
3550:
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3526:Gabriel Lippmann
3522:
3511:(Visitor) – 1948
3507:
3497:
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3461:
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3404:Louis de Broglie
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3384:Gabriel Lippmann
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3342:Jean-Paul Sartre
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2995:Louis de Broglie
2993:
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2971:Gabriel Lippmann
2969:
2961:
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2901:Barbara Jo Allen
2870:Raphael Armattoe
2794:Michel Talagrand
2782:who studied the
2717:Boolean networks
2689:Bessel processes
2552:
2551:
2545:, member of the
2510:Claude Lecouteux
2505:Brooklyn College
2386:Yves-Marie Bercé
2349:Ali Abu el-Fotoh
2315:Jean Peyrelevade
2235:Honoré de Balzac
2231:
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2189:
2175:
2135:
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2107:
2093:
2079:
1887:Social sciences
1687:
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1442:Apostolic legate
1080:Romance-speaking
1019:, legate of the
770:Mathieu d'Angers
750:
475:
434:Philippe-Auguste
394:cathedral school
345:Assas University
255:doctoral degrees
228:Robert de Sorbon
214:in 1200 by King
204:cathedral school
189:
187:[sɔʁbɔn]
184:
129:Suppressed: 1793
124:cathedral school
122:at the Parisian
120:High Middle Ages
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4499:Wayback Machine
4482:
4458:Verger, Jacques
4451:
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4408:Further reading
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4262:on 17 July 2012
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3263:(D Litt) – 1915
3253:Patrick Modiano
3229:Giorgos Seferis
3167:(D.Eng.) – 1988
3101:Charles Nicolle
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:Nobel Laureates
2919:Lucien Abenhaim
2834:quantum physics
2800:specialized in
2723:François Loeser
2698:Bernard Derrida
2681:Brownian motion
2677:semimartingales
2653:, was a French
2631:, was a French
2556:Jean-Yves Tadié
2539:Danièle Pistone
2526:Tôn Nữ Thị Ninh
2516:Jean-Luc Marion
2427:Pridi Banomyong
2404:, professor of
2376:, French writer
2359:Ahmad al-Tayyeb
2296:Darmin Nasution
2263:, President of
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2097:François Guizot
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1263:(1280) and the
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1099:Slavic-speaking
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241:ever since the
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4480:External links
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4258:Archived from
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4135:Conac, p. 177.
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3199:(DLitt) – 1927
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3165:Maurice Allais
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3149:Luc Montagnier
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2773:
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2746:, Cameroonian
2744:Achille Mbembe
2741:
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2685:Lévy processes
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1056:Main article:
1045:
1044:Four "nations"
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1017:Simon de Brion
1008:
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982:Main article:
969:King Philip II
956:
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921:John of Celles
840:Pont-au-Change
828:a certain Adam
722:moral theology
647:Anselm of Laon
639:Drogo of Paris
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4020:
4015:
4009:
4005:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3987:
3981:
3977:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3958:
3946:
3944:9781351691031
3940:
3936:
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3913:
3908:
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3898:
3891:
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3834:9780691155319
3830:
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3665:9781355361602
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3510:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3500:Louis Renault
3495:
3492:
3491:
3485:
3482:
3477:
3474:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3459:
3456:
3451:
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3447:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3436:Henri Moissan
3431:
3428:
3427:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3389:
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3376:
3371:
3370:
3368:
3362:
3357:
3351:
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3343:
3337:
3332:
3329:
3328:Henri Bergson
3323:
3318:
3315:
3309:
3304:
3301:
3295:
3290:
3287:
3281:
3276:
3270:
3265:
3262:
3257:
3254:
3249:
3246:
3241:
3238:
3237:Henri Bergson
3233:
3230:
3225:
3222:
3217:
3214:
3213:Louis Renault
3209:
3206:
3201:
3198:
3193:
3190:
3185:
3182:
3177:
3174:
3169:
3166:
3161:
3158:
3157:Gérard Debreu
3153:
3150:
3145:
3142:
3137:
3134:
3133:Jacques Monod
3129:
3126:
3121:
3118:
3113:
3110:
3105:
3102:
3097:
3094:
3089:
3086:
3081:
3078:
3073:
3070:
3065:
3062:
3057:
3054:
3053:Henri Moissan
3049:
3046:
3041:
3038:
3033:
3030:
3029:Serge Haroche
3025:
3022:
3017:
3014:
3009:
3006:
2999:
2996:
2991:
2988:
2983:
2980:
2975:
2972:
2967:
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2926:
2923:
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2914:
2911:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:(1898–1953),
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2835:
2831:
2827:
2826:Serge Haroche
2824:
2821:
2820:laser cooling
2817:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2798:mathematician
2795:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2780:mathematician
2777:
2774:
2772:
2768:
2767:Claire Voisin
2765:
2763:
2762:necropolitics
2759:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2727:mathematician
2724:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2713:Derrida plots
2710:
2706:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2655:mathematician
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:of inorganic
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2612:mathematician
2609:
2606:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2595:mathematician
2592:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2578:Khieu Samphan
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2535:
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2527:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2502:
2499:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2468:Edith Philips
2466:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2447:Marc Fumaroli
2445:
2442:
2438:
2437:Denis Crouzet
2435:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2396:Phulrenu Guha
2394:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2357:
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2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2316:
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2307:
2305:
2301:
2297:
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2291:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2249:Albert Simard
2247:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2230:
2225:
2222:
2216:
2211:
2208:
2207:Denis Diderot
2202:
2197:
2194:
2188:
2183:
2180:
2174:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2145:
2140:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2125:Victor Cousin
2120:
2115:
2112:
2106:
2101:
2098:
2092:
2087:
2084:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2065:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2045:Île-de-France
2036:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
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1878:
1875:
1872:
1871:
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1864:
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1817:
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1768:
1766:
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1734:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1696:Current name
1695:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1658:
1655:
1649:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1619:Latin Quarter
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1541:ancien régime
1534:
1529:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1430:
1422:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1371:Jan Standonck
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1340:Scots college
1337:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1254:
1245:
1240:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1220:baccalaureate
1217:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1091:British Isles
1088:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1050:
1043:
1041:
1039:
1035:
1034:Henry of Unna
1031:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1006:
1004:
1002:
997:
995:
991:
985:
980:
978:
973:
970:
961:
954:
952:
949:
948:Henry Denifle
945:
941:
936:
934:
930:
926:
922:
918:
917:Matthew Paris
913:
911:
902:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
867:Alexander III
864:
860:
856:
852:
847:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
812:
808:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
749:
748:
742:
737:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
704:, music, and
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
682:
680:
679:Peter Lombard
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
623:
621:
617:
613:
605:
598:
596:
593:
592:
588:
586:
583:
582:
578:
575:
574:
570:
567:
566:
562:
560:
557:
556:
552:
550:
547:
546:
542:
540:
537:
536:
532:
529:
528:
524:
522:
519:
518:
514:
512:
509:
508:
504:
502:
499:
498:
494:
492:
489:
488:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
473:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
455:
450:
446:
441:
439:
435:
431:
430:
420:
416:
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:Matthew Paris
398:
395:
387:
382:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
235:
234:around 1257.
233:
232:Louis IX
229:
226:, founded by
225:
221:
217:
213:
210:. Officially
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
188:
180:
176:
175:metonymically
172:
168:
158:
154:
146:
142:
138:
135:Divided: 1970
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
70:
65:
61:
57:
52:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
4526:Architecture
4472:
4468:
4461:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4426:
4418:
4397:
4362:. Retrieved
4358:
4349:
4330:
4324:
4313:. Retrieved
4309:
4300:
4289:. Retrieved
4285:
4276:
4264:. Retrieved
4260:the original
4250:
4230:
4216:
4205:. Retrieved
4200:
4191:
4180:. Retrieved
4175:
4165:
4154:. Retrieved
4149:
4140:
4131:
4123:
4118:
4109:
4090:
4084:
4065:
4037:
4003:
3975:
3948:. Retrieved
3934:
3924:
3915:
3896:
3890:
3871:
3857:
3843:
3815:
3808:
3797:. Retrieved
3788:
3776:. Retrieved
3772:
3763:
3752:. Retrieved
3748:
3739:
3720:
3714:
3703:. Retrieved
3693:
3685:
3643:
3638:
3582:Jules Bordet
3499:
3490:Jean Dausset
3489:
3473:Jules Bordet
3463:
3445:
3435:
3425:
3415:
3403:
3393:
3383:
3375:George Smoot
3366:
3247:(B.A) – 1964
3239:(B.A) – 1927
3231:(LLB) – 1963
3223:(DCL) – 1968
3215:(DCL) – 1907
3207:(DCL) – 1920
3183:(PhD) – 1952
3175:(PhD) – 2014
3159:(DSc) – 1983
3141:Jean Dausset
3135:(DSc) – 1965
3127:(PhD) – 2008
3119:(M.D) – 1965
3103:(M.D) – 1928
3093:Bert Sakmann
3079:(M.D) – 1956
3063:(DSc) – 1935
3055:(DSc) – 1906
3045:Gerhard Ertl
3039:(DSc) – 1935
3023:(DSc) – 1991
3015:(DSc) – 1903
3013:Pierre Curie
2997:(DSc) – 1929
2989:(MSc) – 1970
2981:(DSc) – 1926
2973:(DSc) – 1908
2965:(DSc) – 1966
2957:(PhD) – 2007
2946:
2907:Inam Karimov
2843:Riad Al Solh
2755:
2754:, author of
2712:
2629:Gérard Férey
2543:Musicologist
2501:John Kneller
2337:Michel Sapin
2325:Issei Sagawa
2149:
2049:
2042:
1910:grande école
1908:
1659:
1651:
1624:
1600:
1589:
1567:
1558:
1554:
1538:
1532:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1493:
1485:Great Schism
1482:
1435:
1406:
1399:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1335:
1333:
1318:
1316:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1269:
1258:
1249:
1209:
1205:
1181:East Flemish
1177:West Flemish
1102:
1073:
1064:Honorius III
1061:
1028:of the four
1010:
1001:tuition fees
998:
987:
974:
966:
943:
939:
937:
928:
914:
910:des dix-Huit
907:
863:Innocent III
855:Celestine II
848:
843:
816:
800:
796:
793:scholasticus
792:
786:
781:
738:
683:
624:
615:
611:
609:
483:
478:
463:
458:
452:
442:
427:
425:
391:
323:, medicine,
314:
295:
236:
178:
166:
164:
79:
56:Coat of arms
4550:Middle Ages
4203:(in French)
4178:(in French)
3596:T. S. Eliot
3540:Jean Perrin
3455:Peter Debye
3416:Marie Curie
3394:Jean Perrin
3356:Jean Tirole
3314:René Cassin
3221:René Cassin
3173:Jean Tirole
3151:(MD) – 2008
3143:(MD) – 1980
3085:André Lwoff
3005:Marie Curie
2979:Jean Perrin
2955:Albert Fert
2725:, a French
2702:theoretical
2700:, a French
2591:Haïm Brézis
2582:Khmer Rouge
2572:Jean Tulard
2520:Philosopher
2474:Jean Favier
2441:Renaissance
2245:, physician
2179:John Calvin
2083:Bonaventure
2016:Paris XIII
1985:Versailles
1954:Versailles
1873:Paris VIII
1799:Humanities
1772:Humanities
1672:. In 2019,
1654:Edgar Faure
1611:Vietnam War
1501:Flagellants
1489:Joan of Arc
1454:Demosthenes
1391:John Calvin
1387:Protestants
1026:procurators
801:chancellor,
789:examination
429:Universitas
422:La Sorbonne
329:Félix Faure
243:Middle Ages
200:corporation
115:Established
105:Corporative
18:La Sorbonne
4572:Categories
4471:of 1254,'
4364:2016-11-06
4315:2016-11-10
4291:2016-11-13
4207:2024-02-28
4182:2020-12-09
4156:2020-12-09
3950:5 February
3799:2016-06-18
3754:2024-01-16
3705:2018-09-06
3509:T.S. Eliot
2987:Louis Néel
2936:See also:
2876:Wu Songgao
2683:and other
2593:, French
2568:since 1975
2562:David Ting
2319:politician
2286:'s cabinet
2062:See also:
1990:Paris XII
1854:Paris VII
1761:Paris III
1515:, 132–34;
1224:licentiate
1191:dialects).
1189:Limburgish
1185:Brabantian
1145:Thérouanne
1121:bishoprics
994:Gregory IX
944:University
895:Alexandria
836:Grand Pont
832:Petit Pont
820:chancellor
714:quadrivium
698:arithmetic
694:dialectics
585:Government
459:Alemannian
317:literature
261:. Notable
251:philosophy
239:humanities
4176:Le Figaro
3269:T.S.Eliot
2830:physicist
2828:, French
2816:physicist
2814:, French
2796:, French
2778:, French
2739:Jan Denef
2705:physicist
2645:fluorides
2610:, French
2580:, former
2564:, at the
2368:Pol Theis
2304:Indonesia
2261:Paul Biya
1959:Paris XI
1898:Paris IX
1810:Paris VI
1783:Paris IV
1736:Paris II
1705:Students
1660:In 2017,
1626:De Gaulle
1474:decretals
1395:John Knox
1377:(such as
1312:Linköping
1196:Faculties
967:In 1200,
925:St Albans
859:Adrian IV
846:I, 272).
778:civil law
762:Decretals
754:Roman law
741:Bolognese
726:Canon law
706:astronomy
576:Pharmacy
568:Sciences
559:Education
530:Medicine
445:faculties
405:St Albans
212:chartered
173:), known
169:(French:
4495:Archived
4469:Apologia
4228:(2000).
4150:Le Monde
3879:Archived
3603:See also
2669:Marc Yor
2431:Thailand
2353:Egyptian
2265:Cameroon
2257:, writer
2221:Voltaire
2047:region.
2037:Créteil
2011:Créteil
1934:Paris X
1929:Créteil
1893:Créteil
1826:Paris V
1713:Paris I
1708:Academy
1634:Gaullist
1615:Sorbonne
1607:Nanterre
1570:Napoleon
1368:humanist
1276:collegia
1272:collegia
1246:in Paris
1244:Sorbonne
1234:Colleges
1226:and the
1125:Beauvais
1021:Holy See
797:capiscol
718:dogmatic
702:geometry
690:rhetoric
595:Business
549:Divinity
454:nationes
397:of Paris
375:and the
291:6th arr.
283:5th arr.
271:Panthéon
247:theology
179:Sorbonne
140:Location
118:Origin:
4562:Schools
4512:Portals
4390::
4376:Sources
4266:Mar 23,
3778:Mar 23,
3652:Ireland
3363:Faculty
2847:Lebanon
2661:and to
2633:chemist
2532:to the
2530:Vietnam
2456:at the
2069:Faculty
2034:23,078
2008:32,156
1982:60,000
1951:32,000
1926:10,000
1907:- PSL (
1890:14,070
1846:64,100
1802:55,600
1775:19,360
1753:17,705
1728:45,200
1690:Number
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1674:Paris 5
1666:Paris 6
1662:Paris 4
1543:in the
1497:Jesuits
1478:Navarre
1466:Sallust
1379:Erasmus
1325:Navarre
1304:Uppsala
1298:or the
1288:Swedish
1284:dacicum
1216:degrees
1173:Walloon
1161:Utrecht
1153:Tournai
1149:Cambrai
1089:): the
1038:proctor
1030:nations
887:Denmark
824:Crevier
805:licence
758:Orléans
710:trivium
686:grammar
675:Abélard
484:Founded
470:tonsure
388:Origins
383:History
308:), the
267:royalty
183:French:
177:as the
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1805:Paris
1778:Paris
1756:Paris
1731:Paris
1722:Paris
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891:Athens
881:, and
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772:, and
677:, and
645:; and
627:Hubold
614:, the
479:School
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302:French
156:Campus
150:France
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3630:Notes
1450:Plato
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1165:Meuse
1157:Liège
1141:Arras
1129:Noyon
631:Liège
599:1956
589:1872
579:1864
571:1808
563:1794
553:1221
543:1213
533:1200
525:1150
515:1305
505:1257
495:1180
263:popes
192:Paris
159:Urban
145:Paris
84:Latin
76:Motto
64:Latin
4335:ISBN
4268:2020
4236:ISBN
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720:and
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