59:. An intact ACL should prevent forward translational movement ("firm endpoint") while an ACL-deficient knee will demonstrate increased forward translation without a decisive endpoint - a soft or mushy endpoint indicative of a positive test. More than about 2 mm of anterior translation compared to the uninvolved knee suggests a torn ACL ("soft endpoint"), as does 10 mm of total anterior translation. An instrument called a "KT-1000" can be used to determine the magnitude of movement in millimetres. This test can be done in either an on-field evaluation in acute injury, or in a clinical setting when a patient presents for follow-up with knee pain.
20:
150:
96:
van Eck CF, van den
Bekerom MP, Fu FH, Poolman RW, Kerkhoffs GM (Aug 2013). "Methods to diagnose acute anterior cruciate ligament rupture: a meta-analysis of physical examinations with and without anaesthesia".
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218:
76:
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The test is named after orthopaedic surgeon John
Lachman, late Chairman of the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine at
696:
211:
32:
562:
501:
180:
Gurtler RA, Stine R, Torg JS (Mar 1987). "Lachman test evaluated. Quantification of a clinical observation".
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390:
234:
79:
in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The original description was submitted by one of his colleagues, JS Torg.
484:
55:. The tibia is pulled forward to assess the amount of anterior motion of the tibia in comparison to the
47:
The knee is flexed at 15 degrees with the patient supine. The examiner should place one hand behind the
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531:
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421:
443:
438:
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633:
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51:
and the other grasping the patient's thigh. It is important that the examiner's thumb be on the
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35:(ACL). It is recognized as reliable, sensitive, and usually superior to the anterior
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N. S. Williams; C. J. K. Bulstrode; P. R. O'Connell (2008). "Clinical
Examination".
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67:
The test may be negative in chronic ruptures as the ACL stump can scar to the PCL.
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36:
572:
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110:
670:
118:
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19:
56:
48:
18:
207:
152:
Bate's Guide to
Physical Examination and History Taking
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540:
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155:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008, p. 632.
31:is a clinical test used to diagnose injury of the
219:
167:Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery
16:Clinical test to diagnose injury to ligaments
8:
460:
246:
226:
212:
204:
88:
7:
77:Temple University School of Medicine
99:Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc
137:Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
14:
1:
169:(25th ed.). p. 447.
713:
33:anterior cruciate ligament
563:Lunotriquetral shear test
111:10.1007/s00167-012-2250-9
697:Examination of the knee
625:Lower back flexibility
24:
485:Neer impingement test
353:Ligament and meniscus
182:Clin Orthop Relat Res
71:History and etymology
22:
532:Elbow extension test
502:Hawkins–Kennedy test
465:Shoulder examination
296:Trendelenburg's sign
391:Hubscher's maneuver
553:Finkelstein's test
444:Unequal leg length
439:Straight leg raise
427:Trendelenburg gait
375:Valgus stress test
25:
684:
683:
602:
601:
519:Elbow examination
473:Apprehension test
452:
451:
53:tibial tuberosity
704:
461:
417:Gait abnormality
370:Pivot-shift test
341:Apley grind test
306:Knee examination
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676:Range of motion
666:Codman triangle
654:
634:Waddell's signs
616:Gaenslen's test
598:
582:
568:Phalen maneuver
536:
513:
490:Yergason's test
448:
405:
379:
300:
259:Barlow maneuver
251:Hip examination
238:
235:Musculoskeletal
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202:
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179:
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105:(8): 1895–903.
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629:Schober's test
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558:Froment's sign
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541:Hand and wrist
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422:Lasègue's sign
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384:Foot and ankle
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331:
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286:Patrick's test
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149:Bates', Lynn.
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133:"Lachman Test"
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63:Interpretation
61:
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15:
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10:
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2:
709:
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649:
648:Larrey's sign
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621:Low back pain
619:
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579:
578:Watson's test
576:
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569:
566:
564:
561:
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554:
551:
549:
548:Durkan's test
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528:
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524:
522:
520:
516:
510:
509:Watson's test
507:
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419:
418:
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414:
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408:
402:
401:Thompson test
399:
397:
396:Mulder's sign
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392:
389:
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382:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
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358:Unhappy triad
356:
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346:McMurray test
344:
342:
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332:
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327:
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319:Clarke's test
317:
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309:
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297:
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292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
281:Ortolani test
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264:Galeazzi test
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30:
21:
642:Sacroiliitis
640:
594:Bethlem sign
527:Cozen's test
496:Rotator cuff
494:
434:Gower's sign
365:Patellar tap
352:
333:
329:Lachman test
328:
314:Ballottement
185:
181:
175:
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145:
136:
127:
102:
98:
91:
74:
66:
46:
29:Lachman test
28:
26:
23:Lachman test
478:Jobe's test
324:Drawer test
291:Thomas test
276:Ober's test
237:examination
43:Description
37:drawer test
573:Tinel sign
269:Allis test
188:: 141–50.
83:References
671:Palpation
691:Category
335:Meniscus
119:23085822
587:General
410:General
194:3815941
192:
117:
659:Other
608:Spine
57:femur
49:tibia
190:PMID
115:PMID
27:The
457:Arm
243:Leg
186:216
107:doi
693::
184:.
135:.
113:.
103:21
101:.
39:.
227:e
220:t
213:v
196:.
139:.
121:.
109::
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