362:
46:
263:
33:
316:
398:
381:
321:
343:
298:
1724:
278:
705:
colour. The gills turn a brownish-grey colour when wounded, and are crowded. In shape, they are slightly decurrent or adnate, meaning that they run a small way down the stem in attachment, or that they are attached to the stem by the whole depth of the gills. The
459:. It has been the subject of some chemical research, and it can be used to produce pigments and blennins. Blennins, some of which have shown potential medical application, are derived from lactarane, a chemical so named because of their association with
758:
types, but is more typical of acidic soil. It is found between late summer and late autumn, and is native to Europe. The distribution of the mushroom coincides with the distribution of beech. In the
693:
is a paler colour than the cap, but also very slimy, and measures from 4–5 cm (1.6–2 in) tall by 1–1.7 cm (0.4–0.7 in) thick, tapering a little towards the bottom. The
650:
is similar but with a different outcome; it was first described as a separate species by Quélet in 1888, and then in 1980 A. Marchand proposed that it is in fact a variety of
2056:
1888:
1940:
646:
is normally regarded as a related but separate species, distinguished by a pale cap margin, less sliminess and a deeper cream gill colour. The situation with
2127:
2043:
1862:
262:
1524:
Bargagli, R.; Baldi, F. (1984). "Mercury and methyl mercury in higher fungi and their relation with the substrata in a cinnabar mining area".
1601:
1470:
1194:
1005:
812:
blennin D, and blennin A, which was first isolated from this species. Lactaranes are chemicals so named because of their occurrence in
1303:
1053:
907:
1417:
Rühling, Åke; Tyler, Germund (1990). "Soil
Factors Influencing the Distribution of Macrofungi in Oak Forests of Southern Sweden".
1251:
2107:
1628:
798:
when cooked, but not recommended, while others describe it as inedible or even poisonous. The milk tastes very hot and acrid.
1456:
941:
1494:
1927:
1376:
685:
bands, though the colour can vary greatly. Heavily spotted specimens are also known, and a very brown specimen similar to
555:
1734:
1587:
627:
1945:
45:
1559:
Adamczyk, J. (1995). "Ecological groups of macrofungi in beech forests on Czȩestochowa Upland, Southern Poland".
852:
787:
762:, the species is one of the one hundred most common mushrooms. Other areas in which it has been recorded include
455:. Though its colour and size vary, it is distinctive because it is slimy when wet and exudes copious amounts of
2117:
673:
that is 4–10 cm (1.6–4 in) across that later becomes depressed in the centre. In colour, it is pale
2132:
2122:
1791:
725:
with low warts joined by ridges with a small number of cross-connections, measuring from 6–9 by 5.5–7
1753:
930:
Bills, Gerald F. (1986). "Notes on
Lactarius in the High-Elevation Forests of the Southern Appalachians".
513:
689:
was recorded in
Scotland. The cap is very slimy when moist and has a margin that is curved inwards. The
140:
1728:
1069:
879:
816:
species. Blennins have been shown to be potentially useful- blennin A, for instance (a lactarane-type
2084:
2035:
1955:
1854:
1823:
1533:
1210:
1156:
1127:
1098:
1455:
Hall, Ian Robert; Buchanan, Peter K.; Stephenson, Steven L.; Yun, Wang; Cole, Anthony L. J. (2003).
1919:
1681:
Spiteller, Peter; Steglich, Wolfgang (2002). "Blennione, a green aminobenzoquinone derivative from
603:
490:
in 1815, before being given its current binomial name by the same author in 1838. Within the genus
808:. Lactarane derivatives (known as "blennins") have been acquired from the mushroom, including the
740:
is very common and is found in broad-leaved woodland, favouring beech; it is most associated with
2112:
1656:
1396:
1347:
1271:
961:
698:
543:
492:
483:
452:
435:
284:
166:
157:
40:
2061:
1893:
2017:
1976:
1810:
1739:
1702:
1648:
1597:
1466:
1434:
1388:
1367:
1339:
1299:
1263:
1190:
1049:
1001:
953:
903:
821:
746:, the European Beech, though it has also been observed growing in association with species of
670:
303:
1493:
France, Société Botanique de; (france), Centre
National de la Recherche Scientifique (1856).
1981:
1694:
1640:
1568:
1541:
1426:
1380:
1331:
1255:
945:
694:
690:
631:
571:
348:
1963:
1239:
795:
742:
615:
468:
32:
1537:
606:
in 1928, before being classified as a separate species by J. Blum. Lange also described
2030:
1849:
1430:
1365:
Bridge Cook, William (1948). "A Survey of
Literature on Fungus Sociology and Ecology".
1218:
1164:
1135:
1106:
1077:
875:
674:
448:
87:
1644:
2101:
1660:
1545:
997:
817:
759:
702:
678:
587:
77:
1351:
2022:
1815:
1462:
832:
714:
2008:
1932:
1914:
1875:
1785:
825:
718:
579:
563:
529:
509:
444:
418:
388:
368:
107:
1776:
1187:
Funga
Nordica Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gasteroid genera
751:
726:
682:
97:
1652:
1572:
1438:
1392:
1343:
1267:
957:
1836:
1593:
1045:
932:
805:
508:. It has been suggested that the two species (forming a group) could have a
451:(though associations with other trees are known). It was first described by
117:
57:
1706:
1723:
2069:
2002:
1968:
1901:
1802:
1770:
1322:
Trappe, James M. (1962). "Fungus
Associates of Ectotrophic Mycorrhizae".
722:
430:
326:
289:
268:
2048:
1867:
1400:
1335:
1275:
965:
840:
809:
755:
630:, in 1999, German Joseph Krieglsteiner suggested that it is actually a
1880:
1698:
2074:
1906:
775:
767:
763:
550:(the name under which Fries first described the species in 1815) and
67:
1747:
1384:
1259:
1242:(1955). "The Larger Fungi in the North-West Highlands of Scotland".
949:
1841:
771:
707:
517:
505:
456:
440:
1828:
1751:
1629:"Basidiomycetes as a Source for New Bioactive Natural Products"
467:
is uncertain, with different mycologists suggesting that it is
747:
754:
association with trees, and can grow on a wide variety of
677:
to a greenish grey, sometimes a dull green or pale grey-
471:(though not recommended), inedible or even poisonous.
1042:
Mushrooms and Other Fungi of Great
Britain and Europe
1298:. London: Mitchell Beazley Publishing. p. 115.
994:
Complete Guide to
British Mushrooms & Toadstools
536:
is known as the Slimy
Milkcap or the Beech Milkcap.
1992:
1760:
395:
378:
358:
340:
313:
295:
275:
256:
710:is white and dries grey, and is very plentiful.
658:In this case the synonymy has become accepted.
1185:Knudsen, Thomas; Vesterholt, J., eds. (2018).
824:, having a strong inhibitative affect against
582:in 1891) are also now recognised as synonyms.
622:is another species that has been included in
8:
681:, and has blotches of darker colouration in
1622:
1620:
1458:Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of the World
1748:
1499:Bulletin de la Société botanique de France
1412:
1410:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
482:was first described by Swedish mycologist
31:
20:
1639:(4). Bentham Science Publishers: 329–54.
1317:
1315:
1289:
1287:
1285:
804:has been the subject of some research in
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
893:
891:
889:
1450:
1448:
925:
923:
921:
919:
867:
179:
1189:. Copenhagen: Nordsvamp. p. 135.
900:Fungi of Northern Europe 2: Gill-Fungi
839:can also be refined to create a green
701:, which later become a creamy or pale
253:
697:is whitish, similar in colour to the
7:
2085:e605d7fb-ca30-41a6-a1cb-7832de150f54
1956:5c3b5737-9ca2-4a54-9cc3-213524ce351d
992:Sterry, Paul; Hughes, Barry (2009).
1101:Lactarius blennius f. albidopallens
898:Nilson, Sven; Olle Persson (1977).
1431:10.1111/j.1600-0587.1990.tb00584.x
626:; originally described in 1899 by
14:
1645:10.2174/1385272802666220128213627
733:Distribution, habitat and ecology
2128:Taxa named by Elias Magnus Fries
1722:
656:Lactarius blennius var. viridis.
396:
379:
360:
341:
319:
314:
296:
276:
261:
44:
1627:Lorenzen, K.; Anke, T. (1998).
1495:"Plantes cryptogames de France"
1213:Lactarius blennius var. viridis
1130:Lactarius blennius f. virescens
443:forests in Europe, where it is
1240:Dennis, Richard William George
1159:Lactarius blennius var. fluens
942:Mycological Society of America
640:Lactarius blennius var. fluens
586:was originally described as a
1:
1586:Breitmaier, Eberhand (2007).
1377:Ecological Society of America
880:"Lactarius blennius synonymy"
614:, which is now recognised as
1546:10.1016/0045-6535(84)90065-1
562:(a name proposed in 1871 by
1687:Journal of Natural Products
496:, it is closely related to
269:Mycological characteristics
2149:
820:) has been shown to be an
554:, a name given earlier by
504:species that also favours
1633:Current Organic Chemistry
1294:Pegler, David N. (1983).
172:
165:
146:
139:
41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
1573:10.1002/fedr.19951060324
1296:Mushrooms and Toadstools
1040:Phillips, Roger (1981).
902:. Penguin. p. 100.
628:Jean Louis Émile Boudier
512:pathway with beech. The
201:(Fr.: Fr.) Kuntze (1891)
2108:Fungi described in 1815
669:has a flattened convex
584:Lactarius albidopallens
532:known as milkcaps, and
843:, known as blennione.
241:(Schrad.) Quél. (1881)
229:(Schrad.) Quél. (1886)
687:Lactarius circellatus
570:(proposed in 1888 by
193:(Fr.: Fr.) Fr. (1825)
1731:at Wikimedia Commons
429:) is a medium-sized
1538:1984Chmsp..13.1059B
618:(an invalid name).
604:Jakob Emanuel Lange
576:Lactifluus blennius
560:Galorrheus blennius
524:, meaning "slimy".
475:Taxonomy and naming
463:. The edibility of
198:Lactifluus blennius
190:Galorrheus blennius
1792:Lactarius blennius
1762:Lactarius blennius
1729:Lactarius blennius
1683:Lactarius blennius
1561:Feddes Repertorium
1336:10.1007/BF02868758
1072:Lactarius blennius
802:Lactarius blennius
738:Lactarius blennius
667:Lactarius blennius
608:Lactarius blennius
596:Lactarius blennius
540:Lactarius blennius
516:is derived from a
498:Lactarius cinereus
484:Elias Magnus Fries
480:Lactarius blennius
453:Elias Magnus Fries
439:found commonly in
414:Lactarius blennius
258:Lactarius blennius
234:Lactarius blennius
206:Lactarius blennius
150:Lactarius blennius
25:Lactarius blennius
2095:
2094:
1994:Agaricus blennius
1977:Open Tree of Life
1754:Taxon identifiers
1740:Mushroom Observer
1727:Media related to
1699:10.1021/np0106541
1603:978-3-527-60910-9
1472:978-0-88192-586-9
1419:Holarctic Ecology
1196:978-87-983961-3-0
1007:978-0-00-723224-6
822:anti-inflammatory
648:Lactarius viridis
642:. However today
568:Lactarius viridis
556:Heinrich Schrader
548:Agaricus blennius
488:Agaricus blennius
410:
409:
251:Species of fungus
249:
248:
242:
230:
226:Lactarius viridis
222:
214:
202:
194:
186:
182:Agaricus blennius
16:Species of fungus
2140:
2088:
2087:
2078:
2077:
2065:
2064:
2052:
2051:
2039:
2038:
2026:
2025:
2013:
2012:
2011:
1985:
1984:
1972:
1971:
1959:
1958:
1949:
1948:
1936:
1935:
1933:NHMSYS0001485984
1923:
1922:
1910:
1909:
1897:
1896:
1884:
1883:
1871:
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1858:
1857:
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1521:
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1510:
1490:
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1404:
1362:
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1355:
1324:Botanical Review
1319:
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1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1095:
1089:
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1066:
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1059:
1037:
1012:
1011:
989:
970:
969:
927:
914:
913:
895:
884:
883:
872:
837:L. blennius
792:L. blennius
712:L. blennius
620:Lactarius fluens
552:Agaricus viridis
514:specific epithet
465:L. blennius
447:, favouring the
400:
399:
383:
382:
364:
363:
345:
344:
323:
322:
318:
317:
300:
299:
280:
279:
265:
254:
240:
228:
220:
218:Agaricus viridis
212:
200:
192:
184:
152:
132:L. blennius
49:
48:
35:
21:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2118:Fungi of Europe
2098:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2083:
2081:
2073:
2068:
2060:
2055:
2047:
2042:
2034:
2029:
2021:
2016:
2007:
2006:
2001:
1988:
1980:
1975:
1967:
1964:Observation.org
1962:
1954:
1952:
1944:
1939:
1931:
1926:
1918:
1913:
1905:
1900:
1892:
1887:
1879:
1874:
1866:
1861:
1853:
1848:
1840:
1835:
1827:
1822:
1814:
1809:
1801:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1784:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1756:
1719:
1714:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1567:(3–4): 303–15.
1558:
1557:
1553:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1508:
1506:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1465:. p. 156.
1454:
1453:
1446:
1416:
1415:
1408:
1385:10.2307/1930998
1364:
1363:
1359:
1321:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1293:
1292:
1283:
1260:10.2307/4113927
1238:
1237:
1233:
1223:
1221:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1197:
1184:
1183:
1179:
1169:
1167:
1155:
1154:
1150:
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1138:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1111:
1109:
1097:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1039:
1038:
1015:
1008:
991:
990:
973:
950:10.2307/3793379
929:
928:
917:
910:
897:
896:
887:
874:
873:
869:
865:
849:
831:
784:
752:ectomycorrhizal
743:Fagus sylvatica
735:
717:leave a creamy
664:
616:nomen invalidum
477:
397:
380:
365:
361:
342:
320:
315:
297:
277:
271:
266:
252:
245:
178:
177:
161:
154:
148:
135:
43:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2146:
2144:
2136:
2135:
2133:Fungus species
2130:
2125:
2123:Inedible fungi
2120:
2115:
2110:
2100:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2079:
2066:
2053:
2040:
2027:
2014:
1998:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1986:
1973:
1960:
1950:
1937:
1924:
1911:
1898:
1885:
1872:
1859:
1846:
1833:
1820:
1807:
1797:
1782:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1744:
1743:
1732:
1718:
1717:External links
1715:
1713:
1712:
1673:
1616:
1602:
1596:. p. 44.
1578:
1551:
1532:(9): 1059–71.
1516:
1485:
1471:
1444:
1406:
1357:
1330:(4): 538–606.
1311:
1304:
1281:
1231:
1219:Index Fungorum
1202:
1195:
1177:
1165:Index Fungorum
1148:
1136:Index Fungorum
1119:
1107:Index Fungorum
1090:
1078:Index Fungorum
1061:
1054:
1048:. p. 83.
1013:
1006:
1000:. p. 52.
971:
915:
908:
885:
876:Index Fungorum
866:
864:
861:
860:
859:
848:
845:
829:
788:Roger Phillips
783:
780:
750:. It forms an
734:
731:
663:
660:
528:mushrooms are
510:coevolutionary
476:
473:
449:European beech
408:
407:
401:
393:
392:
384:
376:
375:
366:
359:
356:
355:
346:
338:
337:
324:
311:
310:
301:
293:
292:
281:
273:
272:
267:
260:
250:
247:
246:
244:
243:
231:
223:
221:Schrad. (1794)
215:
203:
195:
187:
175:
174:
173:
170:
169:
163:
162:
155:
144:
143:
137:
136:
129:
127:
123:
122:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
88:Agaricomycetes
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2145:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2086:
2080:
2076:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1725:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1693:(5): 725–27.
1692:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1674:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1582:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1555:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1520:
1517:
1504:
1501:(in French).
1500:
1496:
1489:
1486:
1474:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
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433:of the genus
432:
428:
427:beech milkcap
424:
423:slimy milkcap
421:known as the
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160:) Fr. (1838)
149:
147:
131:
130:
118:
24:
18:
1915:NatureServe
1876:iNaturalist
1786:Wikispecies
1526:Chemosphere
1425:(1): 11–8.
826:leukotriene
786:Mycologist
662:Description
652:L. blennius
636:L. blennius
624:L. blennius
592:L. blennius
580:Otto Kuntze
564:Paul Kummer
558:, in 1794.
534:L. blennius
445:mycorrhizal
389:mycorrhizal
386:Ecology is
369:Spore print
108:Russulaceae
2102:Categories
1379:: 376–82.
1254:: 111–26.
1044:. London:
863:References
721:, and are
683:concentric
544:synonymous
520:adjective
500:, another
185:Fr. (1815)
98:Russulales
74:Division:
2113:Lactarius
2009:Q59531631
1920:2.1085921
1661:246934805
1653:1385-2728
1594:Wiley-VCH
1439:0105-9327
1393:0012-9658
1344:0006-8101
1268:0075-5974
1074:synonymy"
1046:Pan Books
958:0027-5514
933:Mycologia
855:Lactarius
814:Lactarius
806:chemistry
644:L. fluens
612:virescens
526:Lactarius
502:Lactarius
493:Lactarius
461:Lactarius
436:Lactarius
331:decurrent
210:virescens
126:Species:
119:Lactarius
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
2070:MycoBank
2062:10402426
2031:Fungorum
2003:Wikidata
1902:MycoBank
1894:10390359
1850:Fungorum
1800:BioLib:
1777:Q1543833
1771:Wikidata
1707:12027750
1589:Terpenes
1352:42698903
1252:Springer
944:: 70–9.
853:List of
847:See also
723:elliptic
530:commonly
522:blennius
431:mushroom
419:commonly
405:inedible
327:Hymenium
290:hymenium
167:Synonyms
104:Family:
54:Domain:
2049:5248681
1868:5248679
1534:Bibcode
1401:1930998
1368:Ecology
1276:4113927
966:3793379
857:species
841:pigment
810:lactone
756:subsoil
632:variety
238:viridis
114:Genus:
94:Order:
84:Class:
2082:NZOR:
2075:461693
2036:461693
1982:912865
1953:NZOR:
1946:152933
1907:219169
1881:382877
1855:219169
1842:LACTBL
1829:188032
1705:
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956:
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796:edible
776:Poland
774:, and
768:France
764:Sweden
715:spores
574:) and
469:edible
335:adnate
308:convex
2057:IRMNG
2023:65M8H
1969:15240
1889:IRMNG
1816:3RRNJ
1803:59994
1735:Fotos
1657:S2CID
1397:JSTOR
1375:(3).
1348:S2CID
1272:JSTOR
1250:(1).
962:JSTOR
940:(1).
772:Italy
719:print
699:gills
695:flesh
679:sepia
675:olive
546:with
518:Latin
506:beech
441:beech
373:cream
349:Stipe
285:Gills
236:var.
68:Fungi
2044:GBIF
1941:NCBI
1863:GBIF
1837:EPPO
1703:PMID
1668:2010
1649:ISSN
1611:2010
1598:ISBN
1511:2010
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1480:2010
1467:ISBN
1435:ISSN
1389:ISSN
1340:ISSN
1300:ISBN
1264:ISSN
1226:2010
1191:ISBN
1172:2010
1143:2010
1114:2010
1085:2010
1050:ISBN
1002:ISBN
954:ISSN
904:ISBN
782:Uses
708:milk
703:buff
691:stem
588:form
457:milk
353:bare
176:List
2018:CoL
1928:NBN
1824:EoL
1811:CoL
1737:in
1695:doi
1685:".
1641:doi
1569:doi
1565:106
1542:doi
1427:doi
1381:doi
1332:doi
1256:doi
946:doi
794:is
748:oak
671:cap
634:of
610:f.
602:by
598:f.
594:as
590:of
566:),
542:is
486:as
425:or
371:is
351:is
333:or
329:is
306:is
304:Cap
288:on
208:f.
158:Fr.
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