679:
29:
691:
643:
722:
703:
655:
667:
518:
619:
content of ~70 to 90%) particularly exemplify this. Another requirement for the lamellar separation is a very slow cooling of the rock containing the plagioclase. Slow cooling is required to allow the Ca, Na, Si, and Al ions to diffuse through the plagioclase and produce the lamellar separation.
526:
564:
Labradorization is the peculiar reflection of the light from submicroscopical planes orientated in one direction (rarely in two directions); these planes have never such a position that they can be expressed by simple indices, and they are not directly visible under the
620:
Therefore, not all labradorites exhibit labradorescence (they might not have the correct composition, cooled too quickly, or both), and not all plagioclases that exhibit labradorescence are labradorites (they may be bytownite).
529:
533:
532:
528:
527:
534:
463:
in
Labrador, Canada. It has also been reported in Poland, Norway, Finland and various other locations worldwide, with notable distribution in Madagascar, China, Australia, Slovakia and the United States.
531:
420:
are present, two of which are nearly at right angles and are more obvious, being of good to perfect quality (while the third direction is poor). It occurs as clear, white to gray, blocky to
2123:
678:
1087:
530:
1014:
Bolton, Herbert Cairns; Bursill, Leslie Arthur; McLaren, Alexander Clark; Turner, Robin G. (1966). "On the origin of the colour of labradorite".
829:
1363:
986:
954:
1117:
2118:
690:
903:
813:
570:
595:
The lamellar separation only occurs in plagioclases of a certain composition; those of calcic labradorite (50–70% anorthite) and
460:
642:
196:
229:
666:
861:
2138:
592:
10 in); the lamellae are not necessarily parallel; and the lamellar structure is found to lack long range order.
906:(3 April 1923), "Studies of Iridescent Colour and the Structure Producing it. III. The Colours of Labrador Felspar",
2108:
1574:
702:
654:
2128:
1410:
1232:
1057:
MacKenzie, William Scott; Zussman, Jack, eds. (1974), "23. Electron-optical study of a schiller labradorite",
2133:
2041:
1415:
1134:
1110:
452:
557:
1941:
186:
1778:
1435:
1023:
915:
1773:
548:
382:
321:
303:
219:
209:
28:
487:
and as a detrital component of some sediments. Common mineral associates in igneous rocks include
1182:
1162:
1103:
1039:
933:
885:
844:
417:
176:
994:
962:
2113:
1629:
1212:
809:
117:
16:
Mineral: intermediate member of a solid solution series (50 to 70 % anorthite and albite)
1539:
1368:
1322:
1242:
1031:
923:
877:
456:
409:
405:
397:
257:
239:
158:
58:
1081:
1634:
1569:
1380:
1353:
1059:
The
Feldspars: Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute, Manchester, 11–21 July 1972
768:
726:
581:
782:
1027:
919:
584:. The effect is visible when the lamellar separation is between 128 and 252 nm (5.0
1987:
1931:
1919:
1848:
1492:
1430:
1207:
955:"Exsolution lamellar structure causes of iridescence in labradorite: evidence from TEM"
731:
577:
123:
80:
569:
Contributions to the understanding of the origin and cause of the effect were made by
2102:
2062:
1992:
1951:
1619:
1373:
1358:
1307:
1076:
889:
865:
512:
428:
283:
148:
92:
51:
47:
1043:
483:
bodies are composed almost entirely of labradorite. It also is found in metamorphic
181:
Perfect on {001}, less perfect on {010}, intersecting at near 90°; distinct on {110}
143:
Gray, gray-white, brown, greenish, pale green, blue, orange, pink, yellow, colorless
2087:
2082:
2077:
2029:
1982:
1812:
1758:
1544:
1425:
1385:
1277:
736:
2024:
1914:
1703:
1698:
1614:
1456:
1332:
1282:
1157:
1152:
628:
627:
varieties of labradorite exhibiting a high degree of labradorescence are called
543:
484:
480:
440:
389:
378:
317:
153:
Crystals typically thin and tabular, rhombic in cross section, striated; massive
793:
1858:
1803:
1678:
1591:
1559:
1549:
1451:
1400:
1337:
1312:
1187:
517:
108:
97:
1035:
538:
Video of labradorescence in labradorite, visible as the angle of view changes
2004:
1997:
1868:
1863:
1843:
1768:
1693:
1687:
1668:
1564:
1505:
1420:
1317:
1252:
1227:
1217:
1147:
1126:
741:
616:
596:
500:
496:
413:
401:
393:
168:
85:
928:
837:
Kongelige Danske
Videnskabernes Selskab, Mathematisk-fysiske Meddelelelser
2072:
2046:
2035:
1972:
1899:
1838:
1828:
1823:
1783:
1723:
1713:
1673:
1655:
1644:
1639:
1554:
1510:
1395:
1390:
1327:
1267:
1257:
1222:
1197:
1172:
1167:
624:
492:
374:
367:
349:
293:
987:"Relation Between Labradorescence and Internal Structure of Labradorite"
2067:
1977:
1889:
1798:
1763:
1748:
1733:
1718:
1708:
1581:
1515:
1466:
1405:
1262:
1237:
1202:
881:
488:
370:
353:
341:
1967:
1873:
1833:
1808:
1743:
1728:
1624:
1609:
1604:
1520:
1471:
1461:
1177:
1142:
937:
476:
472:
436:
432:
360:
345:
164:
1946:
1936:
1926:
1909:
1904:
1894:
1853:
1683:
1663:
1599:
1531:
1272:
1247:
1192:
1080:
524:
516:
468:
425:
412:
is common. As with all plagioclase members, the crystal system is
1818:
1793:
1788:
1738:
1500:
866:"The structure of labradorite and the origin of its iridescence"
746:
421:
1099:
1095:
1061:, vol. 2, Manchester University Press, pp. 478–490
471:
igneous rocks and is the feldspar variety most common in
400:
ranges from 2.68 to 2.72. The streak is white, like most
985:
Hao, Xie; Jing-cheng, Pei; Li-ping, Li (February 2006),
870:
Proceedings of the Indian
Academy of Sciences, Section A
388:
Labradorite is an intermediate to calcic member of the
953:
Yan-ju, Peng; Xue-mei, He; Qin-fang, Fang (May 2008),
908:
Proceedings of the Royal
Society of London. Series A
2017:
1960:
1882:
1653:
1590:
1529:
1491:
1484:
1444:
1346:
1300:
1293:
1133:
328:
312:
302:
292:
282:
256:
248:
238:
228:
218:
208:
195:
185:
175:
157:
147:
139:
134:
116:
91:
79:
57:
43:
38:
21:
684:Polished labradorite from UCL Geology collections
2124:Provincial symbols of Newfoundland and Labrador
562:
560:, who defined it (labradorization) as follows:
576:The cause of this optical phenomenon is phase
1111:
991:Geological Science and Technology Information
580:lamellar structure, occurring in the Bøggild
8:
1091:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
396:percentage (%An) of between 50 and 70. The
1488:
1297:
1118:
1104:
1096:
927:
830:"On the Labradorization of the Feldspars"
171:, Carlsbad, Baveno, or Manebach twin laws
130:β = 116.25°, γ = 89.133°; Z = 6
804:Hurlbut, Cornelius S.; Klein, Cornelis;
778:
776:
758:
638:
75:, where Na is 30-50% & Ca is 50–70%
18:
980:
978:
948:
946:
823:
821:
764:
762:
552:) known as labradorescence. The term
7:
672:Polished labradorite 18 Ă— 20 cm
864:; Jayaraman, Aiyasami (July 1950).
33:Labradorite in a polished rock slab
14:
914:(720), The Royal Society: 34–45,
808:, Wiley, 1985, 20th ed., p. 456,
571:Robert Strutt, 4th Baron Rayleigh
959:Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica
720:
701:
689:
677:
665:
653:
641:
27:
828:Bøggild, Ove Balthasar (1924),
573:(1923), and by Bøggild (1924).
408:ranges from 1.559 to 1.573 and
377:, Canada, which can display an
214:Vitreous to pearly on cleavages
648:Polished block from Madagascar
521:Labradorescence in labradorite
1:
862:Raman, Chandrasekhara Venkata
696:Labradorite with rare colors
128:c = 10.16 Å; α = 93.5°
542:Labradorite can display an
2157:
510:
416:, and three directions of
234:Translucent to transparent
2119:Minerals in space group 2
2055:
843:(3): 1–79, archived from
26:
1036:10.1002/pssb.19660180123
424:shaped grains in common
366:) is a calcium-enriched
1620:Nickel silver (alpacca)
1088:Encyclopædia Britannica
1016:Physica Status Solidi B
322:schiller optical effect
929:10.1098/rspa.1923.0037
769:Handbook of Mineralogy
567:
539:
522:
467:Labradorite occurs in
1961:Other natural objects
660:Detail of labradorite
558:Ove Balthasar Bøggild
537:
520:
313:Other characteristics
1436:Wire wrapped jewelry
1416:Repoussé and chasing
806:Manual of Mineralogy
708:Polished labradorite
453:geological type area
373:first identified in
191:Uneven to conchoidal
1978:Ebonite (vulcanite)
1082:"Labradorite"
1028:1966PSSBR..18..221B
920:1923RSPSA.103...34R
727:Minerals portal
546:optical effect (or
455:for labradorite is
126:, b = 12.84 Ă…
2139:Triclinic minerals
1323:Jewellery designer
882:10.1007/BF03172469
540:
523:
392:series. It has an
249:Optical properties
2096:
2095:
2013:
2012:
1883:Organic gemstones
1480:
1479:
535:
459:near the town of
335:
334:
316:Labradorescence (
112:
2146:
2109:Calcium minerals
1540:Britannia silver
1489:
1298:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1097:
1092:
1084:
1063:
1062:
1054:
1048:
1047:
1011:
1005:
1004:
1003:
1002:
993:, archived from
982:
973:
972:
971:
970:
961:, archived from
950:
941:
940:
931:
900:
894:
893:
858:
852:
851:
850:on April 2, 2015
849:
834:
825:
816:
802:
796:
791:
785:
780:
771:
766:
725:
724:
723:
705:
693:
681:
669:
657:
645:
610:
591:
587:
536:
439:, as well as in
406:refractive index
398:specific gravity
258:Refractive index
240:Specific gravity
201:
106:
103:
64:
63:(repeating unit)
31:
19:
2156:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2129:Sodium minerals
2099:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2051:
2009:
1998:Spondylus shell
1956:
1878:
1649:
1635:Stainless steel
1586:
1570:Sterling silver
1530:Precious metal
1525:
1493:Precious metals
1476:
1440:
1342:
1289:
1129:
1124:
1075:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1000:
998:
984:
983:
976:
968:
966:
952:
951:
944:
902:
901:
897:
860:
859:
855:
847:
832:
827:
826:
819:
803:
799:
794:Webmineral data
792:
788:
781:
774:
767:
760:
755:
721:
719:
716:
709:
706:
697:
694:
685:
682:
673:
670:
661:
658:
649:
646:
637:
608:
604:
600:
589:
585:
582:miscibility gap
554:labradorescence
525:
515:
509:
507:Labradorescence
479:. The uncommon
449:
365:
359:
288:δ = 0.008–0.010
277:
273:
271:
267:
265:
199:
129:
127:
122:a = 8.155
105:
101:
74:
70:
62:
61:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2134:Tectosilicates
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2101:
2100:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2059:Related topics
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1431:Wire sculpture
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1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
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1378:
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1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1079:, ed. (1911).
1077:Chisholm, Hugh
1071:
1070:External links
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1022:(1): 221–230.
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81:Crystal system
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67:(Ca,Na)(Al,Si)
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1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1308:Bench jeweler
1306:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1090:
1089:
1083:
1078:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1060:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1010:
1007:
997:on 2021-11-06
996:
992:
988:
981:
979:
975:
965:on 2021-11-06
964:
960:
956:
949:
947:
943:
939:
935:
930:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
904:Lord Rayleigh
899:
896:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
857:
854:
846:
842:
838:
831:
824:
822:
818:
815:
814:0-471-80580-7
811:
807:
801:
798:
795:
790:
787:
784:
779:
777:
773:
770:
765:
763:
759:
752:
748:
745:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
718:
717:
713:
704:
699:
692:
687:
680:
675:
668:
663:
656:
651:
644:
639:
634:
632:
630:
626:
621:
618:
614:
598:
593:
583:
579:
574:
572:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
550:
545:
519:
514:
513:adularescence
506:
504:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
462:
458:
457:Paul's Island
454:
446:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
429:igneous rocks
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
386:
384:
380:
376:
372:
369:
362:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
305:
301:
298:Measured: 85°
297:
295:
291:
287:
285:
284:Birefringence
281:
278:= 1.562–1.573
272:= 1.559–1.568
266:= 1.554–1.563
261:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
241:
237:
233:
231:
227:
223:
221:
217:
213:
211:
207:
203:
198:
194:
190:
188:
184:
180:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
160:
156:
152:
150:
149:Crystal habit
146:
142:
138:
133:
125:
121:
119:
115:
110:
99:
96:
94:
93:Crystal class
90:
87:
84:
82:
78:
66:
60:
56:
53:
52:tectosilicate
49:
48:Adularescence
46:
42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
2088:Wearable art
2083:Phaleristics
2078:Metalworking
1983:Gutta-percha
1759:Lapis lazuli
1753:
1545:Colored gold
1426:Stonesetting
1086:
1058:
1052:
1019:
1015:
1009:
999:, retrieved
995:the original
990:
967:, retrieved
963:the original
958:
911:
907:
898:
873:
869:
856:
845:the original
840:
836:
805:
800:
789:
737:Lapis lazuli
622:
612:
594:
575:
568:
563:
553:
547:
541:
485:amphibolites
466:
450:
441:anorthosites
387:
337:
336:
244:2.68 to 2.72
2025:Art jewelry
1849:Tiger's eye
1754:Labradorite
1704:Chrysocolla
1699:Chrysoberyl
1615:Mokume-gane
1592:Base metals
1364:centrifugal
1333:Silversmith
1208:Ferronnière
1158:Belt buckle
1153:Belly chain
876:(1): 1–16.
629:spectrolite
565:microscope.
481:anorthosite
390:plagioclase
338:Labradorite
318:iridescence
252:Biaxial (+)
230:Diaphaneity
22:Labradorite
2103:Categories
1859:Tourmaline
1804:Prasiolite
1679:Aventurine
1550:Crown gold
1452:Draw plate
1401:Metal clay
1338:Watchmaker
1328:Lapidarist
1313:Clockmaker
1188:Collar pin
1183:Chatelaine
1001:2015-03-01
969:2015-03-01
783:Mindat.org
753:References
615:, with an
599:(formula:
588:10 and 9.9
578:exsolution
544:iridescent
511:See also:
497:amphiboles
447:Occurrence
379:iridescent
329:References
304:Dispersion
197:Mohs scale
163:Common by
109:H-M symbol
98:Pinacoidal
2005:Toadstone
1942:Operculum
1869:Variscite
1864:Turquoise
1844:Tanzanite
1779:Moonstone
1774:Marcasite
1769:Malachite
1694:Carnelian
1669:Amazonite
1656:gemstones
1630:Pinchbeck
1575:Argentium
1565:Shibuichi
1506:Palladium
1485:Materials
1421:Soldering
1411:Polishing
1386:Engraving
1381:Enameling
1347:Processes
1318:Goldsmith
1253:Tie chain
1228:Neck ring
1218:Lapel pin
1127:Jewellery
890:128235557
742:Larvikite
617:anorthite
597:bytownite
501:magnetite
493:pyroxenes
414:triclinic
402:silicates
394:anorthite
169:pericline
118:Unit cell
86:Triclinic
2114:Feldspar
2073:Gemology
2047:Fineness
2038:(purity)
1973:Bog-wood
1920:Precious
1900:Ammolite
1839:Sunstone
1829:Sodalite
1824:Sapphire
1784:Obsidian
1724:Fluorite
1714:Diopside
1674:Amethyst
1654:Mineral
1645:Tungsten
1640:Titanium
1555:Electrum
1511:Platinum
1396:Kazaziye
1391:Filigree
1369:lost-wax
1268:Toe ring
1258:Tie clip
1233:Pectoral
1223:Necklace
1198:Cufflink
1173:Bracelet
1168:Bolo tie
1148:Barrette
1044:95485108
714:See also
625:gemstone
549:schiller
431:such as
418:cleavage
410:twinning
383:schiller
381:effect (
375:Labrador
368:feldspar
294:2V angle
200:hardness
187:Fracture
177:Cleavage
159:Twinning
44:Category
2068:Fashion
2042:Finding
1890:Abalone
1799:Peridot
1764:Larimar
1749:Kyanite
1734:Howlite
1719:Emerald
1709:Diamond
1582:Tumbaga
1560:ShakudĹŤ
1516:Rhodium
1467:Mandrel
1406:Plating
1359:Casting
1354:Carving
1263:Tie pin
1238:Pendant
1213:Genital
1203:Earring
1024:Bibcode
916:Bibcode
635:Gallery
607:0.3-0.1
603:0.7-0.9
489:olivine
371:mineral
59:Formula
39:General
2032:(mass)
1968:Bezoar
1874:Zircon
1834:Spinel
1809:Quartz
1744:Jasper
1729:Garnet
1625:Pewter
1610:Copper
1605:Bronze
1532:alloys
1521:Silver
1472:Pliers
1462:Hammer
1374:vacuum
1301:People
1294:Making
1278:pocket
1178:Brooch
1143:Anklet
1042:
936:
888:
812:
477:gabbro
473:basalt
437:gabbro
433:basalt
404:. The
220:Streak
210:Luster
165:albite
107:(same
2036:Carat
2030:Carat
2018:Terms
1993:Shell
1947:Pearl
1937:Nacre
1927:Ivory
1915:Black
1910:Coral
1905:Copal
1895:Amber
1854:Topaz
1813:smoky
1684:Beryl
1664:Agate
1600:Brass
1445:Tools
1283:strap
1273:Watch
1248:Tiara
1193:Crown
1163:Bindi
1135:Forms
1040:S2CID
938:94093
934:JSTOR
886:S2CID
848:(PDF)
833:(PDF)
623:Some
469:mafic
426:mafic
224:White
204:6–6.5
140:Color
1988:Hair
1819:Ruby
1794:Opal
1789:Onyx
1739:Jade
1501:Gold
1457:File
1243:Ring
810:ISBN
747:Opal
613:i.e.
499:and
475:and
461:Nain
451:The
435:and
422:lath
308:None
1932:Jet
1688:red
1032:doi
924:doi
912:103
878:doi
605:,Na
601:(Ca
385:).
2105::
1085:.
1038:.
1030:.
1020:18
1018:.
989:,
977:^
957:,
945:^
932:,
922:,
910:,
884:.
874:32
872:.
868:.
839:,
835:,
820:^
775:^
761:^
631:.
611:,
503:.
495:,
491:,
443:.
354:Si
352:,
350:Al
348:)(
346:Na
344:,
342:Ca
340:((
320:,
167:,
104:)
50:,
1815:)
1811:(
1690:)
1686:(
1119:e
1112:t
1105:v
1046:.
1034::
1026::
926::
918::
892:.
880::
841:6
609:)
590:Ă—
586:Ă—
364:8
361:O
358:4
356:)
324:)
276:Îł
274:n
270:β
268:n
264:α
262:n
124:Ă…
111:)
102:1
100:(
73:8
71:O
69:4
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