766:
894:
626:
905:
1015:
593:
1284:, the meaning of which is obscure. This term was used to refer to the Lakota by non-Lakota Sioux groups. Other derivations and spelling variations include: ti tanka, Tintonyanyan, Titon, Tintonha, Thintohas, Tinthenha, Tinton, Thuntotas, Tintones, Tintoner, Tintinhos, Ten-ton-ha, Thinthonha, Tinthonha, Tentouha, Tintonwans, Tindaw, Tinthow, Atintons, Anthontans, Atentons, Atintans, Atrutons, Titoba, Tetongues, Teton Sioux, Teeton, Ti toan, Teetwawn, Teetwans, Ti-t’-wawn, Ti-twans, Tit’wan, Tetans, Tieton, and Teetonwan.
1296:
1084:"The Lakota Freedom Delegation" did not include any elected leaders from any of the tribes. Means had previously run for president of the Oglala Sioux tribe and twice been defeated. Several tribal governments – elected by tribal members – issued statements distancing themselves from the independence declaration. Some said that they were watching the independent movement closely. No elected tribal governments endorsed the declaration.
1157:
786:
1330:
1112:, have alleged that Lakota grandmothers are illegally denied the right to foster their own grandchildren. They are working to redirect federal funding away from the state of South Dakota's D.S.S. to new tribal foster care programs. This would be a historic shift away from the state's traditional control over Lakota foster children.
1321:, rather than the English "Oglala Sioux Tribe" or OST. (The alternate English spelling of Ogallala is deprecated, even though it is closer to the correct pronunciation.) The Lakota have names for their own subdivisions. The Lakota also are the most western of the three Sioux groups, occupying lands in both North and South Dakota.
1096:'s "Lost Children, Shattered Families" investigative story aired regarding issues related to foster care for Native American children. It exposed what many critics consider to be the "kidnapping" of Lakota children from their homes by the state of South Dakota's Department of Social Services (D.S.S.). It was noted by
570:
of 1772–1780 destroyed three-quarters of the members of these tribes. The Lakota crossed the river into the drier, short-grass prairies of the High Plains. These newcomers were the Saône, well-mounted and increasingly confident, who spread out quickly. In 1765, a Saône exploring and raiding party led
520:
The Lakota population was estimated at 8,500 in 1805; it grew steadily and reached 16,110 in 1881. They were one of the few Native
American tribes to increase in population in the 19th century, a time of widespread disease and warfare. By 2010 the number of Lakota had increased to more than 170,000,
656:
The U.S. government did not enforce the treaty restriction against unauthorized settlement, and Lakota and other bands attacked settlers and even emigrant trains as part of their resistance to this encroachment. Public pressure increased for the U.S. Army to punish them. On
September 3, 1855, 700
1080:
Means declared "The
Republic of Lakotah", defining it as a sovereign nation with property rights over thousands of square miles in South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming and Montana. The group stated that they do not act for or represent the tribal governments "set up by the BIA or those
1022:
The Lakota are among tribal nations that have taken actions, participated in occupations, and proposed independence movements, particularly since the era of rising activism since the mid to late 20th century. They filed land claims against the federal government for what they defined as illegal
793:
In 1877, some of the Lakota bands signed a treaty that ceded the Black Hills to the United States; however, the nature of this treaty and its passage were controversial. The number of Lakota leaders who backed the treaty is highly disputed. Low-intensity conflicts continued in the Black Hills.
2434:
Matson, William and
Frethem, Mark (2006). Producers. "The Authorized Biography of Crazy Horse and His Family Part One: Creation, Spirituality, and the Family Tree". The Crazy Horse family tells their oral history and with explanations of Lakota spirituality and culture on DVD. (Publisher is
756:
Although the Lakota beat Custer's army, the Lakota and their allies did not get to enjoy their victory over the U.S. Army for long. The U.S. Congress authorized funds to expand the army by 2,500 men. The reinforced U.S. Army defeated the Lakota bands in a series of battles, finally ending the
926:
Legally and by treaty classified as a "domestic dependent nation" within the United States, the federally recognized Lakota tribes are represented locally by officials elected to councils for the several reservations and communities in the
Dakotas, Minnesota, and Nebraska. These tribes have
945:
Most Lakota tribal members are also citizens of the United States. They can vote in local, state/provincial and federal elections. They are represented at the state and national level by officials elected from the political districts of their respective states and
Congressional Districts.
761:
in 1877. The Lakota were eventually confined to reservations, prevented from hunting buffalo beyond those territories, and forced to accept government food distribution. They were largely distributed amongst North and South Dakota, as well as other places around the United States.
394:
1291:
with an additional modifier, such as Sioux of the West, West
Schious, Sioux des prairies, Sioux occidentaux, Sioux of the Meadows, Nadooessis of the Plains, Prairie Indians, Sioux of the Plain, Maskoutens-Nadouessians, Mascouteins Nadouessi, and Sioux nomades.
802:
reservation on
December 15, 1890. The U.S. Army attacked Spotted Elk (aka Bigfoot)'s Minicoujou band of Lakota on December 29, 1890, at Pine Ridge, killing 153 Lakota (tribal estimates are higher), including numerous women and children, in the
1070:, under the name Lakota Freedom Delegation, traveled to Washington D.C. to announce a withdrawal of the Lakota Sioux from all treaties with the United States government. These activists had no standing under any elected tribal government.
765:
1313:. In the 19th and 20th centuries, this was the name which the US government applied to all Dakota/Lakota people. However, some tribes have formally or informally adopted traditional names: the Rosebud Sioux Tribe is also known as the
949:
Tribal members living both on and off the individual reservations are eligible to vote in periodic elections for that tribe. Each tribe has its own requirements for citizenship, as well its own constitution, bylaws, and elections. or
893:
645:. The Cheyenne and Lakota had previously attacked emigrant parties in a competition for resources, and also because some settlers had encroached on their lands. The Fort Laramie Treaty acknowledged Lakota sovereignty over the
2931:
999:
department. But because they are not recognized as treaty
Indians, they did not participate in the land settlement and natural resource revenues. The Dakota rejected a $ 60-million land-rights settlement in 2008.
2069:
2519:
2229:
589:. Ten years later, the Oglála and Brulé also crossed the Missouri. Under pressure from the Lakota, the Cheyenne moved west to the Powder River country. The Lakota made the Black Hills their home.
996:
995:, with a total of 6,000 registered members. They are recognized as First Nations but are not considered "treaty Indians". As First Nations they receive rights and entitlements through the
1261:"feeling affection, friendly, united, allied". The early French historic documents did not distinguish a separate Teton division, instead grouping them with other "Sioux of the West,"
975:
The
Chairman of the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe at the Cheyenne River reservation, comprising the Mnikȟówožu, Itázipčho, Sihá Sápa, and Oóhenuŋpa bands of the Lakota, is Harold Frazier.
1077:
tribal chairman Rodney Bordeaux, "We do not support what Means and his group are doing and they don't have any support from any tribal government I know of. They don't speak for us."
432:. In this forest environment, they lived by hunting, fishing, and gathering wild rice. They also grew some corn, but their locale was near the limit of where corn could be grown."
2287:
2512:
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of 1804–1806 was marked by a standoff. Lakota bands refused to allow the explorers to continue upstream, and the expedition prepared for battle, which never came.
2309:
877:
2066:
1040:. The Sioux have refused the money, because accepting the settlement would legally terminate their demands for return of the Black Hills. The money remains in a
927:
government-to-government relationships with the United States federal government, primarily through the Bureau of Indian Affairs in the Department of Interior.
618:
in Nebraska, killing many and burning half of the earth lodges. The next time the Lakota inflicted a blow so severe to the Pawnee would be in 1873, during the
2505:
2090:
2163:
2936:
2773:
2237:
2151:
Canada's UN ambassador, John McNee, said Canada had "significant concerns" over the declaration's wording on provisions addressing lands and resources
2805:
1028:
625:
435:
In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, Dakota-Lakota speakers lived in the upper Mississippi Region in territory now organized as the states of
1476:
1718:"Cheyenne Primacy: The Tribes' Perspective As Opposed To That Of The United States Army; A Possible Alternative To 'The Great Sioux War Of 1876'"
478:), pictorial calendars painted on hides, or later recorded on paper. The 'Battiste Good winter count' records Lakota history to 900 CE when
749:(1868 boundaries). Custer attacked an encampment of several tribes, which was much larger than he realized. Their combined forces, led by Chief
1693:
972:
The Chairwoman of the Standing Rock reservation, which includes peoples from several Lakota subgroups including the Húŋkpapȟa, is Janet Alkire.
607:
Some bands of Lakota became the first indigenous people to help the United States Army in an inter-tribal war west of the Missouri, during the
2191:
50:
2528:
2462:
2447:
2428:
1860:
966:
The current President of the Oglala Sioux, the majority tribe of the Lakota located primarily on the Pine Ridge reservation, is Kevin Killer.
261:
2412:
2054:
669:, killing about 100 men, women, and children. A series of short "wars" followed, and in 1862–1864, as Native American refugees from the "
2721:
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1516:
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1482:
1240:
1120:
832:
2019:
2146:
1458:
1423:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1383:
854:
838:
2284:
1014:
904:
382:
2799:
1470:
1464:
1373:
1178:
1174:
826:
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The Lakota attacks on settlers and miners were met by military force conducted by such army commanders as Lieutenant Colonel
1221:
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814:
62:
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political entities, tribal governments have certain rights to independent of state laws. For instance, they may operate
846:
742:
1579:
753:, killed 258 soldiers, wiping out the entire Custer battalion and inflicting more than 50% casualties on the regiment.
692:
over U.S. forts built to protect miners traveling along the trail. Oglala Chief Red Cloud led his people to victory in
2121:
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223:
1993:
1200:
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1535:
1490:
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1369:
1348:
820:
697:
638:
601:
2497:
2098:
1434:
1334:
951:
770:
738:
532:
After 1720, the Lakota branch of the Seven Council Fires split into two major sects, the Saône, who moved to the
1557:
1100:
that over half of the children in foster care in South Dakota were of Native descent. Lakota activists such as
865:. During the Minnesota and Black Hills wars, their ancestors fled for refuge to "Grandmother's Land" (Canada).
835:, home of several other of the seven Lakota bands, including the Mnikȟówožu, Itázipčho, Sihásapa, and Oóhenumpa.
2167:
1207:
1063:
1041:
869:
774:
689:
479:
2401:(Vol. 13, Part 2, pp. 794–820). W. C. Sturtevant (Gen. Ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
2386:(Vol. 13, Part 2, pp. 718–760). W. C. Sturtevant (Gen. Ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
2371:(Vol. 13, Part 2, pp. 821–839). W. C. Sturtevant (Gen. Ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
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2442:(Vol. 13, Part 1, pp. 94–114). W. C. Sturtevant (Gen. Ed.). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.
1167:
898:
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Native peace commissioners in council with the Northern Cheyenne and Northern Arapaho, Fort Laramie, Wyoming
592:
170:
31:
1953:
2896:
2614:
1189:
1037:
978:
The Chairman of the Lower Brule Sioux Tribe (also known as the Lower Sicangu Lakota), is Boyd I. Gourneau.
935:
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were involved in much of the warfare after 1860. They fought a successful delaying action against General
421:
2420:
1511:
804:
778:
731:
537:
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encouraged his troops to hunt and kill the buffalo as a means of "destroying the Indians' commissary."
424:
during the 9th–12th centuries CE. Lakota legend and other sources state they originally lived near the
2842:
2794:
2233:
1101:
2438:
Parks, Douglas R.; & Rankin, Robert L. (2001). "The Siouan Languages". In R. J. DeMallie (Ed.),
1690:
1430:
Some Lakota also live on other Sioux reservations in eastern South Dakota, Minnesota, and Nebraska:
942:
of 1988. They operate with the federal government. These relationship are negotiated and contested.
280:
people, with the Eastern Dakota (Santee) and Western Dakota (Wičhíyena). Their current lands are in
2832:
2700:
2488:
2188:
1872:
1119:, was produced by Square. The film features Genevieve Iron Lightning, a young Lakota dancer on the
1074:
536:
area on the South Dakota–North Dakota–Minnesota border, and the Oglála-Sičháŋǧu, who occupied the
2858:
2604:
2296:
2205:
1341:
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670:
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hunt on horseback. In 1660 French explorers estimated the total population of the Sioux (Lakota,
693:
1295:
2458:
2443:
2424:
2402:
2387:
2372:
1856:
1848:
1768:
1045:
723:
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413:
681:
increasing illegal settlement by whites on the Plains resulted in war again with the Lakota.
428:: "The tribes of the Dakota before European contact in the 1600s lived in the region around
2609:
1749:
1738:
1506:
920:
873:
662:
409:
354:
296:
129:
1214:
1073:
Official Lakota tribal leaders issued public responses to the effect that, in the words of
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2492:
2291:
2209:
2195:
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1902:
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619:
522:
486:
471:
289:
253:
248:
219:
149:
133:
2023:
2891:
2705:
2690:
1105:
1052:
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560:
541:
510:
502:
174:
969:
The President of the Sičháŋǧu Lakota at the Rosebud reservation is Rodney M. Bordeaux.
393:
49:
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2271:
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1355:
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Today, the Lakota are found mostly in the five reservations of western South Dakota:
799:
614:
In 1843, the southern Lakota attacked the village of Pawnee Chief Blue Coat near the
572:
533:
506:
498:
467:
429:
378:
312:
93:
700:, exempting the Black Hills from all white settlement forever. But four years later
2695:
2665:
2660:
2536:
1128:
992:
858:
795:
727:
688:. Between 1866 and 1868 the U.S. Army fought the Lakota and their allies along the
650:
646:
642:
634:
460:
374:
350:
285:
281:
116:
102:
98:
54:
1928:
1666:
2737:
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2576:
2532:
1419:
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750:
608:
576:
456:
448:
425:
417:
370:
366:
342:
273:
2475:
2367:
Christafferson, Dennis M. (2001). "Sioux, 1930–2000". In R. J. DeMallie (Ed.),
2362:
Columns of Vengeance: Soldiers, Sioux, and the Punitive Expeditions, 1863–1864.
1806:
The Village Indians of the Upper Missouri. The Mandans, Hidatsas, and Arikaras.
1329:
377:) from the Brulé. Activists from the late twentieth century to present include
2837:
2685:
2036:
1997:
1389:
1136:
880:(UNPO) to seek protection and recognition for their cultural and land rights.
785:
615:
452:
330:
1971:
2655:
2650:
2640:
1132:
1097:
909:
897:
Lakota beaded storage bag, late 19th century, 15 in (38 cm) wide,
581:
514:
440:
436:
362:
358:
178:
2382:
DeMallie, Raymond J. (2001a). "Sioux until 1850". In R. J. DeMallie (Ed.),
684:
The Black Hills were considered sacred by the Lakota, and they objected to
540:
valley. However, by about 1750 the Saône had moved to the east bank of the
2556:
1409:
1399:
1379:
1059:. Canada, the United States, Australia, and New Zealand refused to sign.
988:
959:
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862:
666:
586:
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564:
336:
324:
318:
306:
145:
112:
58:
295:, the westernmost of three closely related languages that belong to the
2571:
2566:
2540:
2230:"Withdrawal from US treaties enjoys little support from tribal leaders"
1365:
1181: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1140:
850:
719:
674:
556:
548:
17:
1957:
1036:
122 million to eight bands of Sioux Indians as compensation for their
685:
552:
398:
107:
1994:"> News > Oglala Sioux Tribe inaugurates Cecilia Fire Thunder"
1018:
Mildred "Midge" Wagner, a Lakota woman, singing at a pow wow in 2015
629:
Lakota 1851 treaty territory (Area 408, 516, 584, 597, 598 and 632)
2581:
1328:
1294:
1262:
1013:
903:
892:
784:
764:
624:
591:
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392:
277:
234:
166:
162:
2397:
DeMallie, Raymond J. (2001b). "Teton". In R. J. DeMallie (Ed.),
1309:
Today many of the tribes continue to officially call themselves
701:
444:
402:
2501:
1033:
1026:
In 1980, the Supreme Court ruled in their favor and decided in
633:
Nearly half a century later, after the United States had built
2455:
A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.
1150:
1093:
544:, followed 10 years later by the Oglála and Brulé (Sičháŋǧu).
327:(Hunkpapa, "End Village", Camps at the End of the Camp Circle)
2932:
Members of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
2189:"Descendants of Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse break away from US"
704:
was discovered there, and prospectors descended on the area.
857:
of northwestern North Dakota, and several small reserves in
841:, home of the Húŋkpapȟa and to people from many other bands.
817:, home of the Oglála, the most numerous of the Lakota bands.
734:, preventing Crook from locating and attacking their camp.
2067:
Dakota Nations reject $ 60.3 M settlement offer from Ottawa
649:
in exchange for free passage for European Americans on the
420:. They were agriculturalists and may have been part of the
2147:"Canada votes 'no' as UN native rights declaration passes"
1461:
in Northeastern South Dakota and Southeastern North Dakota
2480:
2353:
Andersson, Rani-Henrik & David C. Posthumus (2022). L
1821:, Vol. 75, No. 4 (1994), pp. 301–310, p. 307, column III.
1048:. As of 2011, the account has grown to over $ 1 billion.
600:
Initial United States contact with the Lakota during the
559:
villages had long prevented the Lakota from crossing the
2485:
2327:"Native Foster Care: Lost Children, Shattered Families"
333:(Miniconjou, "Plant Near Water", Planters by the Water)
997:
Crown–Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada
653:
for "as long as the river flows and the eagle flies".
2055:
Ottawa rejects claims by Dakota, Lakota First Nations
1899:
All Our Relations: Native Struggles for Land and Life
1817:
Jensen, Richard E.: "The Pawnee Mission, 1834–1846",
1062:
On December 20, 2007, a small group of people led by
1023:
taking of the Black Hills in the nineteenth century.
637:
without permission on Lakota land, it negotiated the
1830:
Riley, Paul D.: "The Battle of Massacre Canyon", in
482:
gave the Lakota people the White Buffalo Calf Pipe.
373:) from the Oglála and Miniconjou, and Siŋté Glešká (
2825:
2782:
2761:
2730:
2714:
2678:
2633:
2597:
2590:
2547:
302:The seven bands or "sub-tribes" of the Lakota are:
229:
215:
205:
189:
155:
139:
123:
87:
77:
1317:(Brulé Nation), and the Oglala often use the name
1143:are all challenges for Lakota on the reservation.
1081:Lakota who support the BIA system of government".
497:("dog power/mystery/wonder"). After they adopted
349:Notable Lakota persons include Tȟatȟáŋka Íyotake (
2417:Lakota America: A New History of Indigenous Power
2199:
872:and other towns in the Black Hills, and in metro
781:, when 153 Lakota Sioux and 25 U.S. soldiers died
416:region and then migrated to or originated in the
2855:History of Native Americans in the United States
1996:. Indianz.Com. December 13, 2004. Archived from
1626:. U.S. Department of the Interior Indian Affairs
1604:. U.S. Department of the Interior Indian Affairs
1582:. U.S. Department of the Interior Indian Affairs
1560:. U.S. Department of the Interior Indian Affairs
1538:. U.S. Department of the Interior Indian Affairs
1701:Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
1340:Today, one half of all enrolled Sioux live off
1057:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
1793:The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
878:Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization
641:to protect European-American travelers on the
397:Scenes of battle and horse raiding decorate a
2513:
8:
2274:; December 23, 2007; accessed March 28, 2016
958:model, with a chairman or president elected
673:" in Minnesota fled west to their allies in
42:
2486:Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe Official Website
2267:Lakota Sioux Have NOT Withdrawn From the US
2223:
2221:
2219:
2217:
1711:
1709:
2774:Sitting Bull Crystal Cavern Dance Pavilion
2594:
2520:
2506:
2498:
2440:Handbook of North American Indians: Plains
2399:Handbook of North American Indians: Plains
2384:Handbook of North American Indians: Plains
2369:Handbook of North American Indians: Plains
2020:"Official Site of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe"
1092:The Lakota People made national news when
987:Nine bands of Dakota and Lakota reside in
466:Early Lakota history is recorded in their
412:speakers may have originated in the lower
385:(Hunkpapa, Oglala, Cheyenne, and Arapaho)
48:
41:
2753:Black Hills War (Great Sioux War of 1876)
2364:Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
1918:. Washington, 1904. Vol. 2, pp. 998–1004.
1241:Learn how and when to remove this message
657:soldiers under U.S. Brevet Major General
353:) from the Húnkpapȟa, Maȟpíya Ičáȟtagya (
2806:United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians
2228:Gale Courey Toensing (January 4, 2008).
1758:. Lakhota.org. Retrieved on May 4, 2016.
1489:In addition, several Lakota live on the
1123:, one of the poorest communities in the
1029:United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians
696:. In 1868, the United States signed the
405:from the late 19th or early 20th century
2907:Native American history of South Dakota
2902:Native American history of North Dakota
2457:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
1740:. Census.gov. Retrieved on May 4, 2016.
1527:
1477:Shakopee-Mdewakanton Indian Reservation
272:), they are one of the three prominent
83:115,000+ enrolled members (2015 census)
2922:Native American tribes in South Dakota
2917:Native American tribes in North Dakota
2316:, Washington Bureau, December 20, 2007
2261:
2259:
2257:
2255:
1652:
1650:
823:, home of the Upper Sičhánǧu or Brulé.
247:
186:
2357:Norman: University of Oklahoma press.
1834:, Vol. 54, No. 2 (1973), pp. 221–249.
1287:Early French sources call the Lakota
27:Indigenous people of the Great Plains
7:
2310:"Lakota group pushes for new nation"
1179:adding citations to reliable sources
773:at camp of Oglala band of Lakota at
521:of whom about 2,000 still spoke the
357:) from the Miniconjou; Heȟáka Sápa (
88:Regions with significant populations
195:
72: – December 15, 1890
2476:The Official Lakota Language Forum
1972:"Indian Country Diaries . History"
1517:Native American tribes in Nebraska
938:on their reservation based on the
463:in the mid- to late-17th century.
25:
2937:Native American tribes in Montana
1916:Indian Affairs. Laws and treaties
1483:Prairie Island Indian Reservation
1349:recognized by the U.S. government
833:Cheyenne River Indian Reservation
665:by attacking a Lakota village in
501:, Lakota society centered on the
2285:"Lakota group secedes from U.S."
1808:Lincoln and London, 1977, p. 54.
1773:Encyclopedia of the Great Plains
1459:Lake Traverse Indian Reservation
1424:Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation
1414:Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation
1404:Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation
1394:Cheyenne River Sioux Reservation
1386:, North Dakota and South Dakota)
1299:Lakota beaded saddle belt, made
1155:
868:Large numbers of Lakota live in
855:Fort Berthold Indian Reservation
839:Standing Rock Indian Reservation
677:and Dakota Territory. After the
459:pushed the Lakota west onto the
369:) - all Oglála; Tȟašúŋke Witkó (
2149:. CBCNews. September 13, 2007.
1954:"The Indian Reorganization Act"
1873:"Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)"
1720:. Friends of the Little Bighorn
1257:comes from the Lakota autonym,
1166:needs additional citations for
737:A week later they defeated the
2800:The Journey Museum and Gardens
2355:akĥóta: An Indigenous History,
2037:Our Constitution & By-Laws
1929:"History of the Dakota Tribes"
1667:"History of the Dakota Tribes"
1471:Upper Sioux Indian Reservation
1465:Lower Sioux Indian Reservation
1374:Lower Brule Indian Reservation
954:. Most follow a multi-member
827:Lower Brule Indian Reservation
622:battle near Republican River.
1:
2748:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)
2743:Treaty of Fort Laramie (1851)
2097:. May 8, 1989. Archived from
1845:Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee
1441:Crow Creek Indian Reservation
1360:Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
1300:
913:
829:, home of the Lower Sičhaŋǧu.
815:Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
585:), then the territory of the
66:
2817:Republic of Lakotah proposal
2091:"Race: The Price of Penance"
1453:Flandreau Indian Reservation
1362:, South Dakota and Nebraska)
1010:Republic of Lakotah proposal
940:Indian Gaming Regulatory Act
847:Fort Peck Indian Reservation
743:Battle of the Little Bighorn
339:("Blackfeet” or “Blackfoot")
2549:Historic and present tribes
1495:Wood Mountain Regional Park
1110:Lakota People’s Law Project
876:. Lakota elders joined the
698:Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868
639:Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851
365:), and Tamakhóčhe Theȟíla (
2953:
2853:For more information, see
2812:Lakota Nation Invitational
2790:Seizure of the Black Hills
2738:History of the Black Hills
2481:Lakota Language Consortium
2164:"UBB Message – ReaderRant"
2122:"Saying No to $ 1 Billion"
2072:September 4, 2015, at the
2057:, CBC News, August 1, 2007
1491:Wood Mountain First Nation
1447:Yankton Indian Reservation
1370:Rosebud Indian Reservation
1280:come from the Lakota name
1121:Cheyenne River Reservation
1007:
962:, directly by the voters.
821:Rosebud Indian Reservation
602:Lewis and Clark Expedition
422:Mound Builder civilization
315:("They Scatter Their Own")
264:people. Also known as the
29:
2851:
1795:, University of Nebraska.
1497:in Saskatchewan, Canada.
1435:Santee Indian Reservation
1384:Standing Rock Reservation
1335:Chamberlain, South Dakota
952:articles of incorporation
771:They Even Fear His Horses
489:introduced the Lakota to
199: "ally" or "friend"
160:
144:
128:
92:
82:
47:
2927:People from South Dakota
2783:Modern events and places
2290:August 23, 2009, at the
2208:August 21, 2008, at the
1064:American Indian Movement
1042:Bureau of Indian Affairs
845:Lakota also live on the
789:Oglala Sioux tribal flag
775:Pine Ridge, South Dakota
480:White Buffalo Calf Woman
321:(Sans Arc, Without Bows)
2769:Great Sioux Reservation
2491:August 2, 2011, at the
1703:Retrieved May 28, 2012.
1691:"Lakota Winter Counts."
1580:"Cheyenne River Agency"
1455:in Eastern South Dakota
1449:in Central South Dakota
1443:in Central South Dakota
1372:, South Dakota) & (
1051:In September 2007, the
1038:Black Hills land claims
899:Cleveland Museum of Art
747:Crow Indian Reservation
709:George Armstrong Custer
547:The large and powerful
257:
171:Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate
2715:Traditional narratives
2360:Beck, Paul N. (2013).
1960:on September 23, 2006.
1696:March 2, 2012, at the
1602:"Standing Rock Agency"
1337:
1333:Akta Lakota Museum in
1306:
1019:
923:
901:
794:Fourteen years later,
790:
782:
722:bands and the unified
718:The allied Lakota and
630:
597:
406:
383:William Hawk Birdshead
309:(Brulé, Burned Thighs)
2421:Yale University Press
2194:June 9, 2007, at the
2042:July 4, 2008, at the
1914:Kappler, Charles J.:
1716:Liberty, Dr. Margot.
1512:List of Lakota people
1332:
1298:
1055:passed a non-binding
1017:
1004:Independence movement
907:
896:
805:Wounded Knee Massacre
788:
779:Wounded Knee Massacre
768:
732:Battle of the Rosebud
628:
595:
563:. However, the great
396:
156:Related ethnic groups
2843:Charmaine White Face
2795:Crazy Horse Memorial
2300:, December 20, 2007.
2234:Indian Country Today
2201:Agence France-Presse
2120:Streshinsky, Maria.
2026:on November 6, 2008.
1754:May 2, 2016, at the
1624:"Lower Brule Agency"
1347:Lakota reservations
1319:Oglála Lakȟóta Oyáte
1175:improve this article
1102:Madonna Thunder Hawk
777:, 3 weeks after the
493:, which they called
293:—the Lakota language
30:For other uses, see
2833:Charlotte Black Elk
2701:Inyan Kara Mountain
2453:Pritzker, Barry M.
2101:on December 4, 2008
1879:. September 7, 2021
1536:"Pine Ridge Agency"
44:
2413:Hämäläinen, Pekka.
2297:Rapid City Journal
1901:, (Cambridge, MA:
1843:Brown, Dee (1950)
1338:
1307:
1044:account, accruing
1020:
924:
902:
791:
783:
769:January 17, 1891:
679:American Civil War
671:Dakota War of 1862
631:
598:
407:
361:), Maȟpíya Lúta (
249:[laˈkˣota]
2874:
2873:
2674:
2673:
2463:978-0-19-513877-1
2448:978-0-16-050400-6
2429:978-0-300-21595-3
2419:, New Haven, CT:
2000:on March 21, 2013
1877:National Archives
1861:978-0-8050-6669-2
1251:
1250:
1243:
1225:
1117:Lakota in America
1108:, along with the
1046:compound interest
921:Speed Art Museum
724:Northern Cheyenne
659:William S. Harney
523:Lakota language (
451:. Conflicts with
414:Mississippi River
240:
239:
185:
184:
61:Lakota chief and
16:(Redirected from
2944:
2857:. Nearby modern
2706:Six Grandfathers
2679:Spiritual places
2610:Sherman Coolidge
2595:
2591:Historic figures
2529:Native Americans
2522:
2515:
2508:
2499:
2435:Reelcontact.com)
2342:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2323:
2317:
2307:
2301:
2281:
2275:
2263:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2236:. Archived from
2225:
2212:
2186:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2170:on March 3, 2021
2166:. Archived from
2160:
2154:
2153:
2143:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2087:
2081:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2022:. Archived from
2016:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
1990:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1956:. Archived from
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1925:
1919:
1912:
1906:
1895:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1869:
1863:
1841:
1835:
1832:Nebraska History
1828:
1822:
1819:Nebraska History
1815:
1809:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1765:
1759:
1747:
1741:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1713:
1704:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1645:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1558:"Rosebud Agency"
1554:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1532:
1507:Lakota mythology
1305:
1302:
1246:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1183:
1159:
1151:
1088:Current activism
918:
915:
849:in northeastern
739:U.S. 7th Cavalry
663:Grattan massacre
517:) at 28,000.
355:Touch the Clouds
251:
233:Lakȟóta Makóce,
201:
200:
197:
187:
78:Total population
71:
68:
52:
45:
21:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2847:
2821:
2778:
2762:Historic places
2757:
2731:Historic events
2726:
2710:
2670:
2629:
2625:Margaret Poisal
2586:
2543:
2526:
2493:Wayback Machine
2472:
2350:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2325:
2324:
2320:
2308:
2304:
2292:Wayback Machine
2282:
2278:
2264:
2253:
2243:
2241:
2227:
2226:
2215:
2210:Wayback Machine
2196:Wayback Machine
2187:
2183:
2173:
2171:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2080:, June 26, 2008
2078:The Brandon Sun
2074:Wayback Machine
2065:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2044:Wayback Machine
2035:
2031:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2003:
2001:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1977:
1975:
1970:
1969:
1965:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1937:
1935:
1927:
1926:
1922:
1913:
1909:
1903:South End Press
1897:Winona LaDuke,
1896:
1892:
1882:
1880:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1842:
1838:
1829:
1825:
1816:
1812:
1804:Meyer, Roy W.:
1803:
1799:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1756:Wayback Machine
1748:
1744:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1707:
1698:Wayback Machine
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1648:
1643:
1639:
1629:
1627:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1607:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1585:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1541:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1503:
1426:, South Dakota)
1416:, South Dakota)
1406:, South Dakota)
1396:, South Dakota)
1376:, South Dakota)
1327:
1303:
1247:
1236:
1230:
1227:
1190:"Lakota people"
1184:
1182:
1172:
1160:
1149:
1106:Chase Iron Eyes
1090:
1012:
1006:
985:
932:semi-autonomous
916:
891:
886:
759:Great Sioux War
741:in 1876 at the
730:'s army at the
713:Philip Sheridan
694:Red Cloud's War
620:Massacre Canyon
575:discovered the
487:Cheyenne people
476:waníyetu wówapi
410:Siouan language
391:
297:Siouan language
262:Native American
258:Lakȟóta/Lakhóta
235:Očhéthi Šakówiŋ
222:
198:
194:
193:
150:Lakota religion
110:
106:
96:
73:
69:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2950:
2948:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2912:Siouan peoples
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2879:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2829:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2691:Black Elk Peak
2688:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2601:
2599:
2592:
2588:
2587:
2585:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2553:
2551:
2545:
2544:
2527:
2525:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2483:
2478:
2471:
2470:External links
2468:
2467:
2466:
2451:
2436:
2432:
2410:
2395:
2380:
2365:
2358:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2318:
2302:
2276:
2251:
2240:on May 4, 2016
2213:
2181:
2155:
2138:
2112:
2082:
2059:
2047:
2029:
2011:
1985:
1963:
1945:
1920:
1907:
1890:
1864:
1836:
1823:
1810:
1797:
1785:
1760:
1742:
1731:
1705:
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1646:
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1593:
1571:
1549:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1502:
1499:
1493:reserve, near
1487:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1428:
1427:
1417:
1407:
1397:
1387:
1377:
1363:
1326:
1323:
1315:Sičháŋǧu Oyáte
1249:
1248:
1163:
1161:
1154:
1148:
1145:
1115:A short film,
1089:
1086:
1075:Rosebud Lakota
1053:United Nations
1005:
1002:
984:
981:
980:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
956:tribal council
890:
887:
885:
882:
843:
842:
836:
830:
824:
818:
798:was killed at
561:Missouri River
542:Missouri River
390:
387:
381:(Oglála), and
347:
346:
340:
334:
328:
322:
316:
310:
238:
237:
231:
227:
226:
217:
213:
212:
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183:
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158:
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90:
89:
85:
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75:
74:
53:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2949:
2938:
2935:
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2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2897:Plains tribes
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2828:
2826:Modern people
2824:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2754:
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2741:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2677:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2632:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2596:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2407:0-16-050400-7
2404:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2392:0-16-050400-7
2389:
2385:
2381:
2378:
2377:0-16-050400-7
2374:
2370:
2366:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2283:Bill Harlan,
2280:
2277:
2273:
2272:The Daily Kos
2269:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2252:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2185:
2182:
2169:
2165:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2139:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2113:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2021:
2015:
2012:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1986:
1973:
1967:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1949:
1946:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1905:, 1999), 141.
1904:
1900:
1894:
1891:
1878:
1874:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1853:0-8050-6669-1
1850:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1801:
1798:
1794:
1789:
1786:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1719:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1684:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1651:
1647:
1644:Pritzker, 328
1641:
1638:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1603:
1597:
1594:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1537:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1500:
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1492:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1437:, in Nebraska
1436:
1433:
1432:
1431:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1345:
1343:
1336:
1331:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1297:
1293:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1245:
1242:
1234:
1223:
1220:
1216:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192: –
1191:
1187:
1186:Find sources:
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1671:www.sjsu.edu
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1485:in Minnesota
1479:in Minnesota
1473:in Minnesota
1467:in Minnesota
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55:Sitting Bull
39:Ethnic group
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2646:Crazy Horse
2533:Black Hills
2004:January 26,
1978:January 26,
1883:February 2,
1724:January 13,
1304: 1850
917: 1890
751:Crazy Horse
609:Arikara War
577:Black Hills
538:James River
525:Lakȟótiyapi
449:the Dakotas
426:Great Lakes
418:Ohio Valley
371:Crazy Horse
367:Billy Mills
291:Lakȟótiyapi
274:subcultures
266:Teton Sioux
220:Lakȟótiyapi
70: 1831
2881:Categories
2863:Pine Ridge
2838:JoAnn Tall
2722:Great Race
2686:Bear Butte
2620:Little Owl
2605:Black Bear
2348:References
2174:January 1,
1847:Macmillan
1390:Miniconjou
1282:thítȟuŋwaŋ
1272:The names
1201:newspapers
1137:alcoholism
1008:See also:
884:Government
870:Rapid City
711:. General
495:šuŋkawakaŋ
453:Anishnaabe
331:Mnikȟówožu
270:Thítȟuŋwaŋ
2656:Red Cloud
2651:Lone Horn
2641:Black Elk
2244:March 28,
1938:April 30,
1410:Siha Sapa
1351:include:
1253:The name
1147:Ethnonyms
1133:addiction
1066:activist
1032:to award
910:parfleche
611:in 1823.
582:Paha Sapa
571:by Chief
515:Yanktonai
441:Wisconsin
437:Minnesota
363:Red Cloud
359:Black Elk
343:Oóhenuŋpa
325:Húŋkpapȟa
319:Itázipčho
224:Wíyutȟapi
179:Yanktonai
165:peoples (
124:Languages
2557:Cheyenne
2489:Archived
2415:(2019).
2288:Archived
2206:Archived
2192:Archived
2070:Archived
2040:Archived
1778:June 23,
1769:"Kiowas"
1752:Archived
1694:Archived
1630:April 7,
1608:April 7,
1586:April 7,
1564:April 7,
1542:April 7,
1501:See also
1420:Ooinunpa
1400:Itazipco
1380:Hunkpapa
1231:May 2020
989:Manitoba
960:at-large
863:Manitoba
667:Nebraska
587:Cheyenne
568:epidemic
565:smallpox
337:Sihásapa
307:Sičháŋǧu
299:family.
260:) are a
216:Language
146:Wocekiye
140:Religion
113:Manitoba
63:holy man
59:Hunkpapa
2867:Rosebud
2598:Arapaho
2572:Arikara
2567:Arapaho
2541:Wyoming
2531:in the
2331:NPR.org
1366:Sicangu
1278:Tetuwan
1269:bands.
1267:Yankton
1215:scholar
1141:suicide
908:Lakota
851:Montana
745:at the
720:Arapaho
675:Montana
557:Hidatsa
549:Arikara
511:Yankton
503:buffalo
401:Lakota
389:History
276:of the
230:Country
196:transl.
175:Yankton
130:English
18:Lakotas
2887:Lakota
2634:Lakota
2615:Friday
2562:Lakota
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2105:May 7,
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1356:Oglala
1263:Santee
1259:Lakota
1255:Lakota
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1139:, and
983:Canada
874:Denver
853:, the
686:mining
555:, and
553:Mandan
513:, and
507:Santee
491:horses
472:Lakota
447:, and
399:muslin
313:Oglála
268:(from
254:Lakota
244:Lakota
206:People
191:Lakota
167:Santee
161:Other
134:Lakota
108:Canada
43:Lakota
32:Lakota
2892:Sioux
2582:Kiowa
2270:; in
1974:. PBS
1523:Notes
1311:Sioux
1289:Sioux
1274:Teton
1222:JSTOR
1208:books
579:(the
282:North
278:Sioux
163:Sioux
2865:and
2861:are
2577:Crow
2539:and
2459:ISBN
2444:ISBN
2425:ISBN
2403:ISBN
2388:ISBN
2373:ISBN
2338:2020
2246:2016
2203:news
2176:2008
2133:2017
2107:2010
2095:Time
2006:2012
1980:2012
1940:2024
1885:2024
1857:ISBN
1849:ISBN
1780:2013
1726:2008
1678:2020
1632:2019
1610:2019
1588:2019
1566:2019
1544:2019
1276:and
1265:and
1194:news
1104:and
1034:US$
861:and
702:gold
616:Loup
455:and
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403:tipi
284:and
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