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Objects borrowed from the most sordid of contexts found a place in punks' ensembles; lavatory chains were draped in graceful arcs across chests in plastic bin liners. Safety pins were taken out of their domestic 'utility' context and worn as gruesome ornaments through the cheek, ear or lip ... fragments of school uniform (white bri-nylon shirts, school ties) were symbolically defiled (the shirts covered in graffiti, or fake blood; the ties left undone) and juxtaposed against leather drains or shocking pink mohair tops.
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1453: – may represent mainstream taste within a short period.Even religious groups can be seen as subcultures. In his research on British punk rock in the late 1970s, Hebdige proposed a controversial proposition at the time: punk portrayed the entire history of post-war working-class youth culture in a "cut" form, blending elements that originally belonged to completely different eras. Some subcultures reject or modify the importance of style, stressing membership through the adoption of an
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1543:, the notion of consumer tribes indicate ephemeral groups of individuals that often share a common interest and a share a subculture. Unlike traditional tribes that share kinship and language, consumer tribes are elective and ephemeral because they disperse without necessarily building long-term relationships. Consumer tribes often fluctuate around a common hobby or interest but lack permanent social bonds to become a
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1063:, described "subcultural capital" as the cultural knowledge and commodities acquired by members of a subculture, raising their status and helping differentiate themselves from members of other groups. In 2007, Ken Gelder proposed to distinguish subcultures from countercultures based on the level of immersion in society. Gelder further proposed six key ways in which subcultures can be identified through their:
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1786:-based harassment and violence are sometimes directed towards a person or group based on their culture or subculture. In the United States and the United Kingdom, the concept of subculture has always been the main explanatory tool for sociological and criminological understanding of deviant behavior.In 2013, the
1353:, and other visible affectations by members of subcultures, and also of the ways in which these same symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture. Dick Hebdige writes that members of a subculture often signal their membership through a distinctive and symbolic use of style, which includes
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The most recent interpretations see subcultures as forms of distinction. In an attempt to overcome the idea of subcultures as forms of deviance or resistance, they describe subcultures as collectivities which, on a cultural level, are sufficiently homogeneous internally and heterogeneous with respect
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Subcultures can exist at all levels of organizations, highlighting the fact that there are multiple cultures or value combinations usually evident in any one organization that can complement but also compete with the overall organisational culture. In some instances, subcultures have been legislated
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Like
Duchamp's 'ready mades' - manufactured objects which qualified as art because he chose to call them such, the most unremarkable and inappropriate items - a pin, a plastic clothes peg, a television component, a razor blade, a tampon - could be brought within the province of punk (un)fashion ...
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that differentiates itself from the conservative and standard values to which it belongs, often maintaining some of its founding principles. Subcultures develop their own norms and values regarding cultural, political, and sexual matters. Subcultures are part of society while keeping their specific
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are quickly becoming the most used form of communication and means to distribute information and news. They offer a way for people with similar backgrounds, lifestyles, professions or hobbies to connect. According to a co-founder and executive creative strategist for RE-UP, as technology becomes a
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explains, society defines them as outsiders. As Cohen clarifies, every subculture's style, consisting of image, demeanour and language becomes its recognition trait. And an individual's progressive adoption of a subcultural model will furnish him/her with growing status within this context but it
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suggested, by means of selection and segregation processes, there thus appear in society "natural areas" or "moral regions" where deviant models concentrate and are re-inforced; they do not accept objectives or means of action offered by the mainstream culture, proposing different ones in their
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to normalcy. He wrote that subcultures can be perceived as negative due to their nature of criticism to the dominant societal standard. Hebdige argued that subculture brings together like-minded individuals who feel neglected by societal standards and allow them to develop a sense of identity.
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and David
Muggleton emphasize. The very idea of a unique, internally homogeneous, dominant culture is explicitly criticized. Thus forms of individual involvement in subcultures are fluid and gradual, differentiated according to each actor's investment, outside clear dichotomies. The ideas of
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defines subculture, in regards to sociological and cultural anthropology, as "an identifiable subgroup within a society or group of people, esp. one characterized by beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger group; the distinctive ideas, practices, or way of life of such a
1512:(1988). In 1996, this book was published in English. According to Maffesoli, neo tribes are microgroups of people who share common interests in urban areas. The members of these relatively small groups tend to have similar worldviews, dress styles and behavioral patterns. Their
1221:, each with its own class culture, and middle-class culture being dominant. Particularly in the working class, subcultures grow out of the presence of specific interests and affiliations around which cultural models spring up, in conflict with both their parents' culture and
1229:, expressing what Cohen defined "symbolic resistance" against the mainstream culture and developing imaginary solutions for structural problems.However, the Birmingham School believes that the symbolic rejection of mainstream bourgeois lifestyles by subcultures is illusory.
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It may be difficult to identify certain subcultures because their style (particularly clothing and music) may be adopted by mass culture for commercial purposes. Businesses often seek to capitalize on the subversive allure of subcultures in search of
1298:) and of style surfing (Martina Böse) replace that of the subculture's insiders and outsiders – with the perspective of subcultures supplying resources for the construction of new identities going beyond strong, lasting identifications.
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will often, in tandem, deprive him/her of status in the broader social context outside where a different model prevails. Cohen used the term 'Corner Boys' which were unable to compete with their better secured and prepared peers. These
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as taste cultures, subcultures are endowed with elastic, porous borders, and are inserted into relationships of interaction and mingling, rather than independence and conflict, with the cultural industry and mass media, as
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movement can be considered a subculture broadly encompassing those that reject normativity in sexual behavior, and who celebrate visibility and activism. The wider movement coincided with growing academic interests in
1225:. Subcultural groups emphasize voluntary, informal, and organic subordinate relationships formed in unregulated street public spaces.Facing a weakening of class identity, subcultures are then new forms of
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argued that their 1979 research showed that a subculture is a group that serves to motivate a potential member to adopt the artifacts, behaviors, norms, and values characteristic of the group.
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subgroup."Some subcultures are formed by members with characteristics or preferences that differ from the majority of society, who generally have a preference for body modifications such as
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In a 2011 study, Brady
Robards and Andy Bennett said that online identity expression has been interpreted as exhibiting subcultural qualities. However, they argue it is more in line with
1255:, in order to communicate and express one's own conflict. Yet the culture industry is often capable of re-absorbing the components of such a style and once again transforming them into
1615:, particularly in the urban areas of Europe, North and South America, Australia, and white South Africa. A more permissive social environment in these areas led to a proliferation of
3694:/ И. А. Беляев, Н. А. Беляева // Духовность и государственность. Сборник научных статей. Выпуск 3; под ред. И. А. Беляева. — Оренбург: Филиал УрАГС в г. Оренбурге, 2002. — С. 5–18.
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as hate crimes, in the same way they record abuse against people because of their religion, race, disability, sexual orientation or transgender identity. The decision followed the
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is concerned, there seems to be a growing interest among media producers to use subcultures for branding. This is seen most actively on social network sites with
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Unlike mainstream social relationships, subcultural communities are characterized by transience, informality, and a lack of typical social kinship relationships.
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Music-based subcultures are particularly vulnerable to this process; what may be considered subcultures at one stage in their histories – such as
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during these activities. They avoid sharing this information even if they have female sexual partner(s), they are married to a woman, or they are single.
1623:. As with other subcultures, sexual subcultures adopted certain styles of fashion and gestures to distinguish themselves from mainstream Western culture.
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to the outside world to be capable of developing, as Paul
Hodkinson points out, consistent distinctiveness, identity, commitment and autonomy. Defined by
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underline, identity and resistance in subcultures are expressed through the development of a distinctive style which, by a re-signification and "
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negative or ambivalent relation to class (since subcultures are not 'class-conscious' and do not conform to traditional class definitions);
1746:"life force," subcultures become the main bone of contention for brands as networks rise through cultural mash-ups and phenomenons. Where
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Subcultures, however, are not only the result of alternative action strategies but also of labelling processes on the basis of which, as
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may often result in the death or evolution of the subculture, as its members adopt new styles that appear alien to mainstream society.
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provided styles and meanings, and a 'subculture' which actively sought a minority style ... and interpreted it in accordance with
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Francois, L. (2013, May 25). Subcultures: Big
Opportunity for Social Brands to Generate Value. Retrieved November 24, 2014, from
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Robards, Brady; Bennett, Andy (1 April 2011). "MyTribe: Post-subcultural
Manifestations of Belonging on Social Network Sites".
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Contemporary subcultures typically refer to popular culture, including animation, comics, video games, and popular music.
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Huntington, S. (2014, March 24). Subcultures and Social Media: Mass
Differentiation. Retrieved November 24, 2014, from
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Bond, Lisa; Wheeler, Darrell P.; Millett, Gregorio A.; LaPollo, Archana B.; Carson, Lee F.; Liau, Adrian (April 2009).
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2006:
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Berzano, L., Genova, C. (2015). Lifestyles and
Subcultures. History and a New Perspective. New York, NY: Routledge.
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Berzano L., Genova C., Lifestyles and
Subcultures. History and a New Perspective, Routledge, London, 2015 (part II)
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identities or roles among some lesbians also engender their own subculture with stereotypical attire, for instance
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had been described as a moral problem that ought to be handled by the guardians of the dominant culture within the
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Hall, Stuart, Tony
Jefferson, Resistance Through Rituals: Youth Subcultures in Post-War Britain (Routledge, 1993).
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Subcultures can be and have been successfully targeted by firms commercially. A stream of academic research in
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can no longer be considered a subculture in many parts of the world, although some aspects of gay culture like
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down low n. (US Black) a state of secrecy. down low adj. () covert, secret (i.e. keeping a low profile)
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Aspects of sexual subcultures can vary along other cultural lines. For instance, in the United States,
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Fine, Gary Alan; Kleinman, Sherryl (July 1979). "Rethinking Subculture: An Interactionist Analysis".
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movement out of the home and into non-domestic forms of belonging (i.e. social groups other than the
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shows the multiple ways in which companies and firms target subcultures with commercial offerings.
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Blair, M. Elizabeth (December 1993). "Commercialization of the Rap Music Youth Subculture".
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association with territory (the 'street', the 'hood', the club, etc.), rather than property;
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2007:"What Is Subculture? – Theories, Definition & Examples – Video & Lesson Transcript"
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Newburn, T. & Proquest, 2017. Criminology Third., Ann Arbor, Mich.]: ProQuest. pp. 210
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and beating of her boyfriend in 2007, who were attacked because they were goths. In 2012,
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Etsy Touts the Economic Power of Its Small Business Owner--Even If They Make $ 100 a Year
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place—thereby becoming, depending on circumstances, innovators, rebels, or retreatists (
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often negative relations to work (as 'idle', 'parasitic', at play or at leisure, etc.);
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argues that the punk subculture shares the same "radical aesthetic practices" as the
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2973:"Coming Up from the Down Low: The Journey to Acceptance, Healing and Honest Love"
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The study of subcultures often consists of the study of symbolism attached to
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http://socialmediadata.com/subcultures-and-social-media-mass-differentiation/
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Hovey, Jaime (2007). "Sexual subcultures". In Malti-Douglas, Fedwa (ed.).
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youths didn't have equal access to resources, resulting in the status of
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The earliest sociological studies on subcultures came from the so-called
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Urban Tribes: A Generation Redefines Friendship, Family, and Commitment
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in the United Kingdom began to classify attacks on subcultures such as
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Lewin, Phillip, J. Patrick Williams. "Reconceptualizing Punk through
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Diaz Ruiz, Carlos A.; Penaloza, Lisa; Holmqvist, Jonas (2020-01-01).
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Lewin, Phillip, J. Patrick Williams. "Reconceptualizing Punk through
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ever-increasing acceptance of homosexuality in the early 21st century
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The Time of the Tribes: The Decline of Individualism in Mass Society
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The Time of the Tribes: The Decline of Individualism in Mass Society
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countercultural rejection of the established sexual and gender norms
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Subcultures: Big Opportunities for Social Brands to Generate Value
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Senseless Acts of Beauty: Cultures of Resistance since the Sixties
3090:"Subcultures: Big Opportunity for Social Brands to Generate Value"
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The Death and Resurrection of Deviance: Current Ideas and Research
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Resistance Through Rituals: Youth Subcultures in Post-War Britain
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Huq, Rupa (2006) 'Beyond subculture' (Routledge, 2006; softcover
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https://opentextbc.ca/introconsumerbehaviour/chapter/subcultures/
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which may be much more resistant to commercial exploitation. The
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stylistic ties to excess and exaggeration (with some exceptions);
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1669:
are considered subcultures within the gay movement itself. The
1653:, including its expressions in fashion, music, and design, the
3159:"Subcultures of Consumption: An Ethnography of the New Bikers"
1795:
1630:
1532:
cultures, based on dispassionate logic. Maffesoli claims that
1388:
against, and their activities regulated or curtailed. British
3472:
Circular Breathing: The Cultural Politics of Jazz in Britain.
2735:"Why New York City Is a Major Destination for LGBT Travelers"
1487:"Urban tribe" redirects here. For the American musician, see
1294:) possessed by each individual, of the supermarket of style (
1086:
refusal of the banalities of ordinary life and massification.
2412:
Cross-cultural consumption: global markets, local realities.
1213:, Tony Jefferson, and Brian Roberts of the Birmingham CCCS (
1129:
and, on the other, because of their adoption of alternative
3605:
Cross-cultural consumption: global markets, local realities
2440:
Blair, M. Elizabeth, "Commercialization of Rap Music Youth
1415:
designs in a case of mainstream commercial cultural merging
1109:
The evolution of subcultural studies has three main steps:
3729:
2385:
Anheier, Helmut K., Stefan Toepler and Regina List, eds.,
3581:
Goldstein-Gidoni, Ofra. "Producers of 'Japan' in Israel:
3515:. Cambridge: Polity Press. Cited in Negus, Keith (1996).
2423:
Goldstein-Gidoni, Ofra. "Producers of 'Japan' in Israel:
2785:. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior
2444:." Journal of Popular Culture 27.3 (1993): 21-33. Print.
1506:. It gained widespread use after the publication of his
905:
characteristics intact. Examples of subcultures include
3287:"Attacks on goths, punks, and emos are 'hate crimes'"
3513:
Club Cultures: Music, Media, and Subcultural Capital
3500:, p. 155. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
3199:"Iraq militia stone youths to death for "emo" style"
3192:
3190:
2509:[The realities that 'urban tribes' create].
2484:
Conference Papers--American Sociological Association
4695:
4615:
4372:
4112:
3975:
3832:
3781:
3598:
Conference Papers—American Sociological Association
3376:
Subcultures: Cultural Histories and Social Practice
3281:
3279:
2331:"What is a Subculture? – Subcultures and Sociology"
2179:"Rethinking Subculture: An Interactionist Analysis"
1012:, punctures, and certain forms of plastic surgery.
2350:Dellwing, M.; Kotarba, J.; Pino, N. (2014-10-22).
2106:"Subcultures - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics"
2027:
1911:History of Western subcultures in the 20th century
1741:than with what is often classified as subculture.
3197:Rasheed, Ahmed; Ameer, Mohammed (10 March 2012).
3157:Schouten, John W.; McAlexander, James H. (1995).
2815:. Macmillan Social Science Library. Vol. 4.
3709:Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Economy
3358:Gay Men and the Forms of Contemporary US Culture
3251:
3249:
2971:King, J.L.; Courtney Carreras (April 25, 2006).
2457:Dress, Appearance, and Diversity in U.S. Society
3222:
3220:
3110:Diaz Ruiz, Carlos A.; Kjellberg, Hans (2020).
1713:sexual encounters and relations with other men
3745:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2652:, Edward Elgar Publishing, pp. 113–115,
2507:"As realidades que as 'tribos urbanas' criam"
2397:
2395:
2163:
2161:
1699:is a slang term specifically used within the
874:
8:
1557:Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures
1551:Sexual and gender identity-based subcultures
1536:are a typical example of an "urban tribe".
3715:Key youth subcultures from Lenin to our day
2564:"'Urban tribes' thriving in modern society"
2387:International Encyclopedia of Civil Society
2177:Fine, Gary Alan; Kleinman, Sherryl (1979).
3752:
3738:
3730:
881:
867:
52:
36:
3673:
2939:
2522:
1290:different levels of subcultural capital (
3517:Popular Music in Theory: An Introduction
3408:Popular Music in Theory: An Introduction
3088:Laurent Francois @lilzeon (2013-05-25).
1645:) people express themselves through the
1215:Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies
3360:. London, England: Ashgate Publishing.
2650:Elgar Encyclopedia of Consumer Behavior
2460:. Iowa State University Digital Press.
1998:
44:
27:Smaller culture within a larger culture
3488:(1950). "Listening to popular music",
3398:(Routledge, March 10, 1981; softcover
2511:Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais
2086:
2085:
2074:
1520:and emotionally laden, different from
3545:Hall, Stuart, Tony Jefferson (1993).
1400:Relationships with mainstream culture
7:
5047:
4648:Role of Christianity in civilization
3692:Культура, субкультура, контркультура
3293:from the original on 19 October 2021
3018:Mutua, Athena (September 28, 2006).
2858:. Sterling Publishing. p. 893.
2733:Goicichea, Julia (August 16, 2017).
2048:participating institution membership
1251:as standardized products to buy and
5059:
3607:. New York: Routledge, 1996. Print.
2644:Ruiz, Carlos A. Diaz (2024-06-13),
2454:Reddy-Best, Kelly L. (2020-08-01).
3474:Durham NC: Duke University Press.
3378:(Routledge, March 2007; softcover
3264:from the original on 25 April 2022
3205:from the original on 23 April 2022
2908:American Public Health Association
2140:"Subculture: the meaning of style"
1719:, and frequently adopt a specific
25:
3406:). Cited in Negus, Keith (1996).
3258:"How are goths and emos defined?"
3234:from the original on 18 June 2022
3063:Bennett, Jessica (May 19, 2008).
2899:American Journal of Public Health
2414:New York: Routledge, 1996. Print.
1817:have denounced the occurrence of
1271:image of them and their members.
5058:
5046:
5035:
5034:
3769:
3567:10.1111/j.0022-3840.1993.00021.x
3395:Subculture: The Meaning of Style
3356:Cante, Richard C. (March 2009).
3289:. Channel 4 News. 4 April 2013.
2975:. Three Rivers Press. p. 36
2756:Rosenberg, Eli (June 24, 2016).
2538:Maffesoli, Michel (1996-02-27).
1839:
1677:. A late 1980s development, the
1040:Subculture: The Meaning of Style
981:of subcultures was developed in
919:1940s original parent subculture
848:
4860:Culture and positive psychology
3770:
3600:. 2007 Conference Papers, 2007.
3256:Sedgwick, Mark (4 April 2013).
3021:Progressive Black Masculinities
2599:"How to manage consumer tribes"
2597:Canniford, Robin (2011-12-01).
2524:10.1590/S0102-69092006000100012
2505:Frehse, Fraya (February 2006).
434:Peace, war, and social conflict
4299:High- and low-context cultures
3587:Ethnos:Journal of Anthropology
3555:The Journal of Popular Culture
3492:, 2, p. 359-71. Cited in
3444:. (London: Sage Publications.
3312:Blackman, Shane (2013-06-03).
2813:Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender
2603:Journal of Strategic Marketing
2429:Ethnos:Journal of Anthropology
2265:Nwalozie, Chijioke J. (2015).
1047:argued that a subculture is a
897:is a group of people within a
1:
3613:American Journal of Sociology
3519:. Wesleyan University Press.
3410:. Wesleyan University Press.
2993:Johnson, Jason (1 May 2005).
2855:Cassell's Dictionary of Slang
2692:European Journal of Marketing
2183:American Journal of Sociology
1174:, and search for a solution.
1123:Social Disorganization Theory
4865:Culture and social cognition
3850:Cross-cultural communication
3585:in a non-colonial context."
3330:10.1080/01639625.2013.859049
3163:Journal of Consumer Research
2615:10.1080/0965254X.2011.599496
2486:. 2007 Annual Meeting, 2007.
2427:in a non-colonial context."
2061:Niosi, Andrea (2021-06-25).
1494:In 1985, French sociologist
1209:In the work of John Clarke,
1026:, "which passively accepted
4947:Intercultural communication
3230:. BBC News. 11 March 2012.
1275:Subcultures and distinction
32:Subculture (disambiguation)
5110:
4390:Cross cultural sensitivity
4057:Resistance through culture
3440:Maffesoli, Michel (1996).
2817:Farmington Hills, Michigan
2658:10.4337/9781803926278.ch36
1808:murder of Sophie Lancaster
1772:
1743:Social networking websites
1730:
1701:African-American community
1560:
1554:
1486:
1178:Subcultures and resistance
989:. Subcultures differ from
105:Human environmental impact
29:
5030:
5002:Transformation of culture
4435:Cultural environmentalism
3865:Cross-cultural psychology
3860:Cross-cultural psychiatry
3855:Cross-cultural leadership
3767:
2035:Oxford English Dictionary
1788:Greater Manchester Police
1619:—cultural expressions of
1227:collective identification
1133:and normative models. As
1004:Oxford English Dictionary
4962:Living things in culture
4952:Intercultural competence
4855:Culture and menstruation
4354:Trans-cultural diffusion
3666:10.1177/0038038510394025
3589:68.3 (2003): 365. Print.
3511:Thornton, Sarah (1995).
3128:10.1177/1470593120920330
2916:10.2105/AJPH.2007.127217
2852:Green, Jonathon (2006).
2704:10.1108/EJM-08-2018-0565
2431:68.3 (2003): 365. Print.
1916:Intercultural competence
1707:who usually identify as
1591:, site of the June 1969
1113:Subcultures and deviance
1022:distinguished between a
199:Structural functionalism
4773:Cultural homogenization
4003:Individualistic culture
3937:Popular culture studies
3922:Intercultural relations
3530:Watters, Ethan (2003).
2999:San Francisco Chronicle
2821:Macmillan Reference USA
2040:Oxford University Press
1621:non-normative sexuality
1310:Members of the seminal
1263:. At the same time the
219:Symbolic interactionism
114:Industrial revolutions
4708:Archaeological culture
4455:Cultural globalization
4324:Organizational culture
4172:Cultural communication
4130:Cultural appropriation
3917:Intercultural learning
3845:Cross-cultural studies
3583:Cultural appropriation
3498:Studying Popular Music
2823:. pp. 1372–1374.
2425:Cultural appropriation
2138:Hebdige, Dick (1979).
1752:user-generated content
1607:of the 1960s led to a
1600:
1509:The Time of the Tribes
1480:
1428:cultural appropriation
1416:
1384:
1358:
1334:
1206:
209:Social constructionism
4977:Participatory culture
4768:Cultural evolutionism
4592:Multiracial democracy
4470:Cultural intelligence
4415:Cultural conservatism
4405:Cultural backwardness
4395:Cultural assimilation
4269:Cultural reproduction
4125:Cultural appreciation
4077:Far-right subcultures
3967:Transcultural nursing
3932:Philosophy of culture
3809:Cultural neuroscience
3789:Cultural anthropology
3470:McKay, George (2005)
3455:McKay, George (1996)
2495:Dick Hebdige p.106-12
2466:10.31274/isudp.2020.9
2233:"What is subculture?"
2110:www.sciencedirect.com
1891:Far-right subcultures
1856:Alternative lifestyle
1773:Further information:
1731:Further information:
1574:
1561:Further information:
1475:
1407:
1373:
1309:
1194:festival, dressed in
1190:couple attending the
1185:
584:Conversation analysis
159:Social stratification
4972:Oppositional culture
4942:Emotions and culture
4850:Cultural sensibility
4840:Cultural translation
4778:Cultural institution
4758:Cultural determinism
4480:Cultural nationalism
4465:Cultural imperialism
4425:Cultural deprivation
4319:Non-material culture
3952:Sociology of culture
3947:Semiotics of culture
3374:Gelder, Ken (2007).
3092:. Social Media Today
1819:emo killings in Iraq
1377:are a subculture of
1269:socially stigmatized
1037:". In his 1979 book
30:For other uses, see
4823:Culture speculation
4818:Cultural relativism
4748:Cultural competence
4638:Cultural Christians
4510:Cultural Revolution
4500:Cultural radicalism
4475:Cultural liberalism
4410:Cultural Bolshevism
4385:Consumer capitalism
4339:Relational mobility
4279:Cultural technology
4187:Cultural dissonance
4104:Culture by location
4067:Alternative culture
3983:Constructed culture
3962:Theology of culture
3902:Cultural psychology
3882:Cultural entomology
3596:and Authenticity".
2482:and Authenticity".
2038:(Online ed.).
1951:Underground culture
1921:List of subcultures
1597:rainbow pride flags
1514:social interactions
1413:hip hop subcultural
1411:packages featuring
1192:Whitby Goth Weekend
169:Social cycle theory
40:Part of a series on
4982:Permission culture
4915:Disability culture
4895:Children's culture
4763:Cultural diversity
4723:Circuit of culture
4505:Cultural retention
4485:Cultural pessimism
4440:Cultural exception
4430:Cultural diplomacy
4420:Cultural contracts
4380:Colonial mentality
4309:Manuscript culture
4284:Cultural universal
4254:Cultural pluralism
4234:Cultural landscape
4229:Cultural invention
4197:Cultural framework
4099:Vernacular culture
3897:Cultural mediation
3877:Cultural economics
3872:Cultural analytics
3804:Cultural geography
3794:Cultural astronomy
3549:. Routledge, 1993.
3494:Middleton, Richard
3490:American Quarterly
3459:. (London: Verso.
2762:The New York Times
2737:. The Culture Trip
2389:, (Springer, 2010)
1941:Subcultural theory
1711:but actively seek
1617:sexual subcultures
1601:
1595:, is adorned with
1539:In the context of
1417:
1394:post-war consensus
1385:
1335:
1320:punk fashion items
1249:goods and services
1223:mainstream culture
1207:
1127:mainstream culture
1105:History of studies
1018:As early as 1950,
855:Society portal
478:History of science
459:Race and ethnicity
139:Social environment
5081:
5080:
4910:Death and culture
4803:Cultural movement
4793:Cultural literacy
4653:Eastern Orthodoxy
4565:Dominator culture
4560:Deculturalization
4460:Cultural hegemony
4450:Cultural genocide
4445:Cultural feminism
4264:Cultural property
4259:Cultural practice
4244:Cultural leveling
4239:Cultural learning
4224:Cultural industry
4219:Cultural identity
4202:Cultural heritage
4192:Cultural emphasis
4177:Cultural conflict
4150:Cultural behavior
4140:Cultural artifact
4052:Primitive culture
4028:Political culture
3367:978-0-7546-7230-2
3043:978-0-415-97687-9
2865:978-0-304-36636-1
2667:978-1-80392-627-8
2646:"Consumer Tribes"
2513:(in Portuguese).
2311:www.rochester.edu
2084:External link in
2046:(Subscription or
1881:Cultural identity
1825:and elsewhere in
1605:sexual revolution
1585:Greenwich Village
1390:youth subcultures
1324:Converse sneakers
1244:" operation, use
891:
890:
609:Social experiment
489:Social psychology
134:Social complexity
16:(Redirected from
5101:
5062:
5061:
5050:
5049:
5038:
5037:
4927:Drinking culture
4880:Culture industry
4828:Cultural tourism
4808:Cultural mulatto
4783:Cultural jet lag
4718:Cannabis culture
4675:Cultural Muslims
4597:Pluriculturalism
4580:Multiculturalism
4570:Interculturalism
4545:Culture minister
4535:Cultural Zionism
4530:Cultural subsidy
4525:Cultural silence
4400:Cultural attaché
4359:Transculturation
4314:Material culture
4304:Interculturality
4160:Cultural capital
4145:Cultural baggage
4082:Youth subculture
4023:Official culture
3988:Dominant culture
3927:Internet culture
3892:Cultural mapping
3887:Cultural history
3814:Cultural studies
3799:Cultural ecology
3773:
3772:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3731:
3687:
3677:
3636:
3578:
3371:
3342:
3341:
3318:Deviant Behavior
3309:
3303:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3283:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3253:
3244:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3224:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3194:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3154:
3148:
3147:
3116:Marketing Theory
3107:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3085:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3075:
3065:"Outing Hip-Hop"
3060:
3054:
3053:
3051:
3050:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2943:
2890:Morabia, Alfredo
2885:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2808:
2795:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2594:
2588:
2585:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2566:. Archived from
2560:
2554:
2553:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2526:
2502:
2496:
2493:
2487:
2476:
2470:
2469:
2451:
2445:
2438:
2432:
2421:
2415:
2408:
2402:
2399:
2390:
2383:
2377:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2303:
2297:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2278:
2272:. Archived from
2271:
2262:
2256:
2253:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2174:
2168:
2165:
2156:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2080:
2072:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2043:
2031:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2003:
1981:Youth subculture
1966:Youth subculture
1849:
1844:
1843:
1763:consumer culture
1733:Internet culture
1563:Sexual fetishism
1541:consumer culture
1498:coined the term
1496:Michel Maffesoli
1159:Howard S. Becker
1096:Sherryl Kleinman
987:cultural studies
883:
876:
869:
853:
852:
604:Network analysis
494:Sociocybernetics
484:Social movements
214:Social darwinism
164:Social structure
56:
37:
21:
5109:
5108:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5098:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5026:
5017:Western culture
5012:Welfare culture
4937:Eastern culture
4798:Cultural mosaic
4753:Cultural critic
4743:Cultural center
4691:
4665:Cultural Hindus
4611:
4602:Polyculturalism
4575:Monoculturalism
4550:Culture of fear
4520:Cultural safety
4515:Cultural rights
4495:Cultural racism
4490:Cultural policy
4368:
4274:Cultural system
4249:Cultural memory
4182:Cultural cringe
4108:
4040:Popular culture
3971:
3907:Cultural values
3828:
3777:
3763:
3758:
3705:
3700:
3651:
3610:
3552:
3368:
3355:
3351:
3346:
3345:
3311:
3310:
3306:
3296:
3294:
3285:
3284:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3255:
3254:
3247:
3237:
3235:
3226:
3225:
3218:
3208:
3206:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3179:
3177:
3156:
3155:
3151:
3109:
3108:
3104:
3095:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3082:
3073:
3071:
3062:
3061:
3057:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3036:. p. 169.
3017:
3016:
3012:
3003:
3001:
2992:
2991:
2987:
2978:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2870:
2868:
2866:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2831:
2810:
2809:
2798:
2788:
2786:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2766:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2698:(5): 999–1024.
2685:
2684:
2680:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2573:
2571:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2550:
2537:
2536:
2532:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2477:
2473:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2439:
2435:
2422:
2418:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2393:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2371:
2364:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2328:
2324:
2315:
2313:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2269:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2241:
2239:
2231:
2230:
2226:
2176:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2142:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2123:
2114:
2112:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2083:
2073:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2045:
2026:
2025:
2021:
2012:
2010:
2005:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1961:Urban sociology
1936:Popular culture
1901:Heterosociality
1886:Culture jamming
1845:
1838:
1835:
1781:
1771:
1735:
1729:
1671:butch and femme
1593:Stonewall riots
1569:
1567:Sexual roleplay
1559:
1553:
1545:brand community
1522:late capitalism
1492:
1485:
1473:art movements:
1459:punk subculture
1402:
1328:leather jackets
1304:
1277:
1180:
1172:marginalization
1148:Richard Cloward
1115:
1107:
1061:Pierre Bourdieu
999:
991:countercultures
917:(which include
887:
847:
840:
839:
800:
790:
789:
717:
643:
629:
627:Major theorists
619:
618:
554:
544:
543:
234:
224:
223:
194:Critical theory
189:Conflict theory
184:
174:
173:
144:Social equality
85:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5107:
5105:
5097:
5096:
5086:
5085:
5079:
5078:
5076:
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5068:
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5044:
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5019:
5014:
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5004:
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4994:
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4887:
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4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4836:
4835:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4813:Cultural probe
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4738:Cross-cultural
4735:
4733:Coffee culture
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4703:Animal culture
4699:
4697:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4667:
4662:
4661:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4625:
4619:
4617:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4609:
4607:Transculturism
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4588:
4587:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4540:Culture change
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
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4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4376:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4366:
4364:Visual culture
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4344:Safety culture
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
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4271:
4266:
4261:
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4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4210:
4209:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4165:Cross-cultural
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4116:
4114:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4090:
4089:
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4079:
4074:
4069:
4059:
4054:
4049:
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4047:
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4035:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3979:
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3868:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3842:
3836:
3834:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3824:Culture theory
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3778:
3768:
3765:
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3759:
3757:
3756:
3749:
3742:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3704:
3703:External links
3701:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3690:Беляев, И. А.
3688:
3660:(2): 303–317.
3649:
3643:
3637:
3625:10.1086/226971
3608:
3603:Howes, David.
3601:
3590:
3579:
3550:
3543:
3528:
3509:
3486:Riesman, David
3483:
3468:
3453:
3438:
3419:
3387:
3372:
3366:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3324:(6): 496–512.
3304:
3275:
3245:
3216:
3186:
3175:10.1086/209434
3149:
3122:(4): 429–457.
3102:
3080:
3055:
3042:
3010:
2985:
2963:
2880:
2864:
2844:
2829:
2796:
2774:
2748:
2725:
2678:
2666:
2636:
2609:(7): 591–606.
2589:
2587:Maffesoli 1996
2580:
2555:
2548:
2530:
2497:
2488:
2471:
2446:
2433:
2416:
2410:Howes, David.
2403:
2391:
2378:
2369:
2362:
2342:
2322:
2307:"Introduction"
2298:
2289:
2257:
2248:
2224:
2195:10.1086/226971
2169:
2157:
2148:
2130:
2128:Middleton 1990
2121:
2097:
2087:|journal=
2053:
2019:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1971:Rainbow Family
1968:
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1878:
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1868:
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1852:
1851:
1850:
1847:Society portal
1834:
1831:
1784:Discrimination
1770:
1769:Discrimination
1767:
1728:
1725:
1721:hip-hop attire
1555:Main article:
1552:
1549:
1484:
1481:
1401:
1398:
1318:wearing early
1303:
1300:
1292:Sarah Thornton
1282:Sarah Thornton
1276:
1273:
1257:consumer goods
1196:typical Gothic
1179:
1176:
1139:Ernest Burgess
1135:Robert E. Park
1119:Chicago School
1114:
1111:
1106:
1103:
1092:Gary Alan Fine
1088:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1057:Sarah Thornton
998:
995:
977:and more. The
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5032:
5029:
5023:
5022:Youth culture
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5007:Urban culture
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4992:Remix culture
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4967:Media culture
4965:
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4958:
4957:Languaculture
4955:
4953:
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4940:
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4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4885:Culture shock
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4845:Cultural turn
4843:
4841:
4838:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
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4771:
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4713:Bennett scale
4711:
4709:
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4704:
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4700:
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4683:
4680:
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4671:
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4659:
4656:
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4643:Protestantism
4641:
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4585:Biculturalism
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4408:
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4403:
4401:
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4393:
4391:
4388:
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4381:
4378:
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4375:
4371:
4365:
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4360:
4357:
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4352:
4350:
4349:Technoculture
4347:
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4335:
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4329:Print culture
4327:
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4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
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4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
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4294:Enculturation
4292:
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4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
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4214:Cultural icon
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4155:Cultural bias
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4143:
4141:
4138:
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4135:Cultural area
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4120:Acculturation
4118:
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4115:
4111:
4105:
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4094:Super culture
4092:
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4034:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4008:Legal culture
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3957:Sound culture
3955:
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3644:
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3634:
3630:
3626:
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3614:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3595:
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3588:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3540:1-58234-264-4
3537:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3525:0-8195-6310-2
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3507:
3506:0-335-15275-9
3503:
3499:
3496:(1990/2002).
3495:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3481:
3480:0-8223-3573-5
3477:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3465:1-85984-028-0
3462:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3450:0-8039-8474-X
3447:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3435:0-415-27814-7
3432:
3428:
3427:0-415-27815-5
3424:
3420:
3417:
3416:0-8195-6310-2
3413:
3409:
3405:
3404:0-415-03949-5
3401:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3390:Hebdige, Dick
3388:
3385:
3384:0-415-37952-0
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3363:
3359:
3354:
3353:
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2856:
2848:
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2840:
2836:
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2830:9780028661155
2826:
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2814:
2807:
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2801:
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2784:
2778:
2775:
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2689:
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2647:
2640:
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2628:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2590:
2584:
2581:
2570:on 2017-09-08
2569:
2565:
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2420:
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2413:
2407:
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2392:
2388:
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2370:
2365:
2363:9781137303806
2359:
2355:
2354:
2346:
2343:
2332:
2326:
2323:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2299:
2293:
2290:
2279:on 2018-12-23
2275:
2268:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2249:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2220:
2216:
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2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2173:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2158:
2155:Thornton 1995
2152:
2149:
2141:
2134:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2098:
2093:
2078:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2063:"Subcultures"
2057:
2054:
2049:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2030:
2023:
2020:
2008:
2002:
1999:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1976:Youth culture
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
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1090:Sociologists
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319:Environmental
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4987:Rape culture
4932:Drug culture
4920:Deaf culture
4905:Cyberculture
4875:Culture hero
4788:Cultural lag
4728:Civilization
4628:Christianity
4334:Protoculture
4061:
4018:Microculture
3998:High culture
3993:Folk culture
3942:Postcritique
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3429:. Hardcover
3407:
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3295:. Retrieved
3266:. Retrieved
3260:. BBC News.
3236:. Retrieved
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2372:
2356:. Springer.
2352:
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2325:
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2274:the original
2260:
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2236:
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2113:. Retrieved
2109:
2100:
2077:cite journal
2066:
2056:
2033:
2029:"subculture"
2022:
2011:. Retrieved
2001:
1931:Neotribalism
1906:High culture
1896:Folk culture
1812:human rights
1782:
1760:
1748:social media
1739:neotribalism
1736:
1727:Social media
1717:gay cruising
1709:heterosexual
1703:to refer to
1694:
1692:
1688:queer theory
1647:LGBT culture
1625:
1616:
1602:
1538:
1516:are largely
1507:
1504:neotribalism
1499:
1493:
1483:Urban tribes
1476:
1463:Dick Hebdige
1432:
1421:
1418:
1386:
1378:
1336:
1296:Ted Polhemus
1278:
1261:mass society
1238:Dick Hebdige
1231:
1219:middle class
1208:
1156:
1116:
1108:
1100:
1089:
1054:
1045:Dick Hebdige
1038:
1028:commercially
1017:
1014:
1002:
1000:
894:
892:
805:Bibliography
719:
647:
646:
633:
599:Mathematical
579:Ethnographic
559:Quantitative
244:Architecture
182:Perspectives
154:Social power
5094:Subcultures
5065:WikiProject
4997:Tea culture
4900:Culturalism
4870:Culture gap
4833:Pop-culture
4633:Catholicism
4555:Culture war
4013:Low culture
3912:Culturomics
3819:Culturology
3675:10072/39970
3619:(1): 1–20.
3201:. Reuters.
2910:: S92–S95.
2906:(Suppl 1).
2741:February 2,
2237:FutureLearn
2189:(1): 1–20.
2167:Gelder 2007
2009:. Study.com
1926:Low culture
1866:Bohemianism
1715:, practice
1655:gay culture
1639:transgender
1581:gay village
1530:bourgeoisie
1500:urban tribe
1489:Urban Tribe
1409:Potato chip
1330:, and blue
1302:Identifying
1234:Paul Willis
1211:Stuart Hall
1203:Elizabethan
1168:frustration
1164:lower-class
1152:Lloyd Ohlin
1143:Louis Wirth
1131:axiological
997:Definitions
951:hip-hoppers
810:Terminology
779:Baudrillard
655:Tocqueville
569:Comparative
564:Qualitative
534:Victimology
364:Immigration
349:Generations
264:Criminology
18:Subcultures
4062:Subculture
3840:Bioculture
3180:2023-03-25
3096:2017-10-19
3074:2009-12-19
3049:2009-12-18
3004:2009-12-18
2979:2009-12-18
2871:2008-03-19
2673:2024-08-14
2574:2017-09-08
2549:080398474X
2442:Subculture
2336:2024-06-23
2316:2024-06-23
2283:2017-06-14
2242:2024-06-23
2115:2024-06-23
2050:required.)
2013:2017-09-08
1988:References
1946:Underclass
1871:Brandalism
1804:metalheads
1779:Hate group
1775:Hate crime
1754:, such as
1675:drag kings
1659:leathermen
1471:Surrealist
1360:mannerisms
1347:hairstyles
1265:mass media
1049:subversion
1032:subversive
959:cosplayers
955:metalheads
931:steampunks
895:subculture
835:By country
589:Historical
514:Technology
454:Punishment
439:Philosophy
414:Mathematic
404:Literature
369:Industrial
359:Historical
284:Demography
204:Positivism
129:Popularity
84:Key themes
4890:Culturgen
4658:Mormonism
4616:Religions
4289:Cultureme
4207:Destroyed
3833:Subfields
3684:146711846
3654:Sociology
3633:144955053
3575:195356599
3338:0163-9625
3144:219027435
3136:1470-5931
3034:Routledge
2932:0090-0036
2924:1541-0048
2839:922889305
2789:April 21,
2720:216399732
2712:0309-0566
2631:167613824
2623:0965-254X
2219:144955053
2203:0002-9602
1993:Citations
1861:Art world
1815:activists
1705:Black men
1589:Manhattan
1526:corporate
1380:Star Trek
1351:jewellery
1312:punk rock
1242:bricolage
1199:Victorian
1055:In 1995,
983:sociology
943:skinheads
651:Martineau
594:Interview
519:Terrorism
499:Sociology
444:Political
384:Knowledge
304:Education
46:Sociology
5088:Category
5041:Category
4623:Buddhism
4373:Politics
3782:Sciences
3594:Ideology
3571:ProQuest
3392:(1979).
3291:Archived
3262:Archived
3232:Archived
3203:Archived
3069:Newsweek
3026:New York
2958:40119540
2950:19218177
2767:June 25,
2480:Ideology
1833:See also
1696:down-low
1635:bisexual
1518:informal
1455:ideology
1375:Trekkies
1355:fashions
1339:clothing
1326:, black
1322:such as
1259:for the
1246:cultural
1024:majority
967:otherkin
915:hipsters
899:cultural
830:Timeline
815:Journals
783:Bourdieu
775:Habermas
771:Luhmann
767:Foucault
711:Mannheim
691:Durkheim
464:Religion
424:Military
389:Language
374:Internet
329:Feminist
313:Jealousy
299:Economic
294:Disaster
289:Deviance
232:Branches
110:Identity
5072:Changes
5053:Commons
4696:Related
4687:Sikhism
4682:Judaism
4113:Aspects
3775:Outline
3761:Culture
3349:Sources
2941:2724949
2892:(ed.).
2211:2778065
1876:Culture
1823:Baghdad
1756:YouTube
1627:Lesbian
1611:in the
1579:in the
1467:Dadaist
1447:hip hop
1316:Ramones
1253:consume
1010:tattoos
979:concept
975:hackers
971:furries
923:nipster
911:hippies
902:society
787:Giddens
785:·
781:·
773:·
761:·
759:Goffman
755:Schoeck
741:·
733:·
709:·
707:Du Bois
705:·
697:·
693:·
685:·
679:Tönnies
677:·
663:Spencer
661:·
639:·
552:Methods
529:Utopian
474:Science
419:Medical
409:Marxist
399:Leisure
309:Emotion
274:Culture
90:Society
69:Outline
64:History
4072:Fandom
3682:
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1637:, and
1449:, and
1363:, and
1205:styles
1141:, and
1078:family
1035:values
947:gopnik
935:bikers
825:People
763:Bauman
743:Nisbet
739:Merton
731:Gehlen
727:Adorno
720:1900s:
695:Addams
687:Simmel
683:Veblen
675:Pareto
667:Le Bon
648:1800s:
641:Sieyès
634:1700s:
614:Survey
539:Visual
449:Public
354:Health
344:Gender
334:Fiscal
324:Family
4670:Islam
4045:Urban
4033:Civic
3976:Types
3680:S2CID
3629:S2CID
3140:S2CID
2954:S2CID
2920:eISSN
2716:S2CID
2627:S2CID
2277:(PDF)
2270:(PDF)
2215:S2CID
2207:JSTOR
2143:(PDF)
2044:
1800:punks
1792:goths
1679:queer
1667:chubs
1663:bears
1534:punks
1383:fans.
1365:argot
1343:music
1332:jeans
1314:band
963:otaku
939:punks
927:goths
798:Lists
747:Mills
723:Fromm
715:Elias
703:Weber
637:Comte
524:Urban
509:Sport
504:Space
469:Rural
429:Music
379:Jewry
279:Death
239:Aging
74:Index
4087:list
3536:ISBN
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3502:ISBN
3476:ISBN
3461:ISBN
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3431:ISBN
3423:ISBN
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3400:ISBN
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2835:OCLC
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2791:2016
2769:2016
2743:2019
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2092:help
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1796:emos
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1686:and
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1603:The
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1565:and
1469:and
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1423:Cool
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