2244:
2048:
2060:
2036:
2024:
156:
Lake
Ballivián is of late Quaternary age, it may have formed between 600,000 - 500,000 years ago. Such a dating is supported by fossils found in sediments left by the lake. The existence of Lake Ballivián in the Titicaca basin may coincide with the existence of Lake Escara, and preceded the existence
114:
The water surface would have covered 13,000–14,000 square kilometres (5,000–5,400 sq mi), about one and a half as large as present day Lake
Titicaca, and extended farther south than the present-day Lake Titicaca while its eastern and western margins largely coincided with the present-day
782:
Adamowicz, Sarah J.; Marinone, María
Cristina; Menu-Marque, Silvina; Martin, Jeffrey W.; Allen, Daniel C.; Pyle, Michelle N.; De los Ríos, Patricio; Sobel, Crystal N.; Ibañez, Carla; Pinto, Julio; Witt, Jonathan D.S. (August 2018). "The Hyalella (Crustacea: Amphipoda) species cloud of the ancient
136:
in Peru and Ulloma
Formation in Bolivia are deposits of Lake Ballivián, as are clays around Lake Titicaca. Remains of the lake are found on the western and southern sides of the lake basin. An old theory envisaged that Lake Ballivián or some other precursor of Lake Titicaca originally was a
98:
Lake
Ballivián reached an altitude of 3,860 metres (12,660 ft). Another terrace at a height of 3,840 metres (12,600 ft) may correspond to a lake level drop of Ballivián or to a prolonged standstill. An erosion surface at 3,900 metres (12,800 ft) elevation and associated
280:
Bills, Bruce G.; de Silva, Shanaka L.; Currey, Donald R.; Emenger, Robert S.; Lillquist, Karl D.; Donnellan, Andrea; Worden, Bruce (15 February 1994). "Hydro-isostatic deflection and tectonic tilting in the central Andes: Initial results of a GPS survey of Lake
Minchin shorelines".
157:
of Lake
Minchin. The water levels of Escara were much lower than these of Ballivián, indicating that the Ulloma-Capalla sill did exist at that time. It is possible that waters from Lake Ballivián broke through at
66:
with an average altitude of 3,800 metres (12,500 ft) and a surface area of 200,000 square kilometres (77,000 sq mi). A number of evaporation landforms can be found in the
Altiplano, including
131:
formed. It is documented from the Lake
Titicaca basin, where it forms lacustrine abrasion surfaces and deposits of clay and sand at a height of 70 metres (230 ft) above the lake level. The Azangaro
2097:
86:
were among the first to be described. Lake Mataro and Lake Cabana were later described in 1984 as previous ancient lakes in the
Titicaca basin prior to Lake Ballivián. The name
82:
While the present-day Altiplano has an arid-semiarid climate, it was formerly occupied by large lakes that grew and dried out in many phases. Of these lakes, Lake Ballivián and
1160:
844:
Löffler, Heinz (1984). "The Importance of Mountains for Animal Distribution, Species Speciation, and Faunistic Evolution (With Special Attention to Inland Waters)".
1117:
90:
was coined in 1909, it refers to the Bolivian scholar Don Manuel Vicente Ballivian. Sometimes that name is used to simply refer to precursor lakes of Titicaca.
2090:
992:
Kroll, Oliver; Hershler, Robert; Albrecht, Christian; Terrazas, Edmundo M.; Apaza, Roberto; Fuentealba, Carmen; Wolff, Christian; Wilke, Thomas (July 2012).
1090:
Schäbitz, F.; Liebricht, H. (1999). "Zur Landschaftsgeschichte der Halbinsel Copacabana im peruanisch-bolivianischem Grenzbereich des Titicacagebietes".
1153:
2083:
2269:
449:
Wirrmann, Denis; Mourguiart, Philippe (1995). "Late Quaternary Spatio-temporal Limnological Variations in the Altiplano of Bolivia and Peru1".
945:
166:
1146:
1036:
963:
Fornari, Michel; Risacher, François; Féraud, Gilbert (August 2001). "Dating of paleolakes in the central Altiplano of Bolivia".
63:
1092:
Beiträge zur quartären Landschaftsentwicklung Südamerikas. Festschrift zum 65. Geburtstag von Professor Dr. Karsten Garleff
1369:
59:
1798:
34:
scholar Don Manuel Vicente Ballivian. It is part of a series of lakes which developed in the Titicaca basin along with
2274:
881:"Microgeographic differentiation among closely related species of (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) from the Andean Altiplano"
1871:
1861:
1239:
1208:
2204:
2008:
1992:
1957:
994:"The endemic gastropod fauna of Lake Titicaca: correlation between molecular evolution and hydrographic history"
46:
age and may have influenced the spread and development of animals in the Altiplano. In the southern Altiplano,
1462:
1620:
2199:
1982:
1709:
1704:
364:
Monheim, Felix (1955). "Bericht über Forschungen in den zentralen Anden, insbesondere im Titicacabecken".
298:
128:
2168:
2163:
1962:
1947:
1778:
1674:
1669:
1557:
1547:
1493:
1487:
1467:
104:
1063:. Geological Society of America Memoirs. Vol. 36. Geological Society of America. pp. 1–124.
103:
were formerly attributed to Lake Ballivián but today shorelines at that elevation are associated with
1615:
972:
642:
524:
458:
290:
227:
185:
303:
1904:
133:
1056:
2116:
1111:
951:
861:
826:
740:
666:
482:
343:
1472:
1138:
2230:
1690:
1187:
1099:
1023:
941:
818:
810:
658:
600:
474:
570:"Le cadre stratigraphique du plio-quaternaire de l'altiplano des Andes tropicales en Bolivie"
2139:
2028:
1783:
1728:
1679:
1664:
1072:
1064:
1013:
1005:
980:
933:
892:
853:
800:
792:
732:
650:
592:
532:
466:
373:
335:
308:
181:
173:
72:
1881:
1576:
1523:
1452:
1267:
1172:
42:, reaching an altitude of 3,860 metres (12,660 ft). Lake Ballivián itself is of late
976:
932:. Monographiae Biologicae. Vol. 68 (1. ed.). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
646:
528:
462:
294:
2134:
2040:
1793:
1788:
1636:
1625:
1605:
1600:
1533:
1508:
1457:
1421:
1416:
1324:
1277:
1018:
993:
589:
Handbook of South American Geology: An Explanation of the Geologic Map of South America
68:
984:
165:
valley, rapidly cutting down a new valley and draining the lake. The formation of the
2263:
2150:
2129:
2124:
2064:
1894:
1856:
1826:
1821:
1699:
1659:
1654:
1644:
1610:
1581:
1437:
1411:
1319:
1314:
1272:
670:
536:
146:
76:
27:
1037:"Geodinamica plio-cuaternaria en los Andes centrales: el Altiplano norte de Bolivia"
955:
569:
486:
2248:
2194:
2059:
2052:
1967:
1899:
1889:
1762:
1748:
1542:
1503:
1498:
1432:
1388:
1359:
1354:
1345:
1262:
1229:
1224:
1192:
1076:
830:
218:
177:
138:
83:
2214:
1952:
1866:
1851:
1831:
1757:
1738:
1649:
1591:
1567:
1513:
1482:
1477:
1447:
1427:
1403:
1393:
1364:
1169:
796:
682:
680:
377:
162:
116:
47:
39:
35:
222:
snails may have also been influenced by the development of Lake Ballivián. The
2184:
1987:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1813:
1803:
1733:
1719:
1552:
1518:
1282:
937:
207:
180:
Sorata-Choqueyapu I may be contemporaneous to Lake Ballivián, as would be the
108:
43:
1103:
814:
662:
604:
478:
2107:
1922:
1442:
1379:
1298:
23:
1027:
822:
470:
2075:
1234:
212:
203:
197:
158:
150:
633:
Brüggen, J. (April 1929). "Zur Glazialgeologie der chilenischen Anden".
326:
Bowman, Isaiah (1914). "Results of an Expedition to the Central Andes".
1095:
865:
805:
723:
Rudolph, William E. (January 1940). "Bolivia's Water-Power Resources".
654:
596:
192:
31:
1132:
897:
880:
744:
347:
312:
260:
258:
245:
243:
1914:
1068:
1009:
223:
195:
colonized the southern and central Altiplano. The diversification of
142:
124:
857:
591:. Geological Society of America Memoirs. Vol. 65. p. 246.
736:
339:
172:
A tectonic event shortly before the formation of the lake formed a
2189:
1977:
408:
406:
2209:
1972:
515:
Clapperton, C.M. (January 1983). "The glaciation of the Andes".
120:
100:
2079:
1142:
769:
686:
58:
The Altiplano in South America is a high plateau between the
1057:"Geology of the Lake Titicaca Region, Peru and Bolivia"
879:
Collado, Gonzalo A.; Méndez, Marco A. (November 2013).
783:
Lake Titicaca originated from multiple colonizations".
393:
391:
389:
387:
710:
698:
264:
249:
2223:
2177:
2148:
2114:
2001:
1935:
1913:
1880:
1812:
1771:
1747:
1718:
1688:
1634:
1590:
1566:
1532:
1402:
1378:
1344:
1337:
1307:
1291:
1255:
1248:
1217:
1201:
1180:
930:
Lake Titicaca a Synthesis of Limnological Knowledge
2224:Other paleolakes and lake expansions in the region
1094:. Bamberger geographische Schriften (in German).
965:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
510:
508:
436:
412:
176:which is now the location of Lake Titicaca. The
169:outlet may have stabilized future lake levels.
628:
626:
563:
561:
2091:
1154:
1133:Results of an Expedition to the Central Andes
359:
357:
328:Bulletin of the American Geographical Society
8:
911:
757:
617:
275:
273:
2098:
2084:
2076:
1341:
1252:
1161:
1147:
1139:
1116:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
115:margins of Lake Titicaca. In some places,
1017:
896:
885:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
804:
302:
239:
1109:
499:
424:
397:
149:-draining valley which was blocked by
785:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
7:
576:(in French) (suppl. au 50): 323–327.
1135:, contains images of lake deposits.
711:Fornari, Risacher & Féraud 2001
699:Fornari, Risacher & Féraud 2001
265:Fornari, Risacher & Féraud 2001
250:Fornari, Risacher & Féraud 2001
191:During the Lake Ballivián episode,
50:may be coeval with Lake Ballivián.
587:Jenks, William F. (1956). "PERU".
554:. Boliviano Petróleo. p. 156.
216:fish as well as the speciation of
14:
846:Mountain Research and Development
137:northwestern prolongation of the
75:. In the northern Altiplano lies
2242:
2058:
2046:
2034:
2022:
231:is named after Lake Ballivián.
550:Ahlfeld, F; Branisa, L (1960).
928:Dejoux, C.; Iltis, A. (1992).
568:Servant, Michel (1977-01-01).
1:
2270:Former lakes of South America
1370:Proglacial lakes of Minnesota
985:10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00301-7
437:Schäbitz & Liebricht 1999
413:Schäbitz & Liebricht 1999
1035:Lavenu, Alain (1995-01-01).
537:10.1016/0277-3791(83)90005-7
283:Geophysical Research Letters
145:deposits dammed it, or of a
16:Former lake in South America
797:10.1016/j.ympev.2018.03.004
378:10.3112/erdkunde.1955.03.04
2291:
1240:West Siberian Glacial Lake
1055:Newell, Norman D. (1949).
517:Quaternary Science Reviews
22:is an ancient lake in the
2239:
2017:
2009:List of prehistoric lakes
1993:Great Tehuelche Paleolake
938:10.1007/978-94-011-2406-5
127:such as the present-day
1463:Lake Houghton (glacial)
1077:2027/mdp.39015000439300
1044:Revista Tecnica de YPFB
912:Dejoux & Iltis 1992
758:Dejoux & Iltis 1992
618:Dejoux & Iltis 1992
30:and is named after the
2115:Present-day lakes and
1705:Kankakee Outwash Plain
1621:Glacial Lake Sammamish
471:10.1006/qres.1995.1040
1670:Lake Jordan (Montana)
1558:Glacial Lake Missoula
1548:Glacial Lake Columbia
1488:Nipissing Great Lakes
1468:Glacial Lake Iroquois
998:Ecology and Evolution
635:Geologische Rundschau
2029:Geography portal
1799:Lake Nantucket Sound
1616:Glacial Lake Russell
186:Illinoian glaciation
129:Copacabana Peninsula
2149:Lake expansions of
977:2001PPP...172..269F
725:Geographical Review
647:1929GeoRu..20....1B
552:Geologia de Bolivia
529:1983QSRv....2...83C
463:1995QuRes..43..344W
451:Quaternary Research
295:1994GeoRL..21..293B
2275:Geology of Bolivia
2041:History portal
1494:Early Lake Ontario
655:10.1007/bf01805072
597:10.1130/MEM65-p215
188:in North America.
184:in Europe and the
64:Western Cordillera
60:Eastern Cordillera
2255:
2254:
2231:Cancosa paleolake
2073:
2072:
2065:Oceans portal
1931:
1930:
1601:Glacial Lake Hood
1490:(Multiple basins)
1424:(Multiple basins)
1333:
1332:
1188:Lake Makgadikgadi
947:978-94-011-2406-5
898:10.1111/zoj.12073
770:Kroll et al. 2012
760:, pp. 13–14.
687:Kroll et al. 2012
313:10.1029/93GL03544
2282:
2249:Lakes portal
2247:
2246:
2245:
2140:Salar de Coipasa
2100:
2093:
2086:
2077:
2063:
2062:
2053:Lakes portal
2051:
2050:
2049:
2039:
2038:
2037:
2027:
2026:
2025:
1905:Lake San Agustín
1784:Lake Connecticut
1729:Lake Monongahela
1680:Lake Musselshell
1665:Lake Great Falls
1342:
1253:
1175:and related seas
1173:proglacial lakes
1163:
1156:
1149:
1140:
1121:
1115:
1107:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1069:10.1130/mem36-p1
1051:
1041:
1031:
1021:
1010:10.1002/ece3.280
1004:(7): 1517–1530.
988:
971:(3–4): 269–282.
959:
915:
909:
903:
902:
900:
876:
870:
869:
841:
835:
834:
808:
779:
773:
767:
761:
755:
749:
748:
720:
714:
708:
702:
696:
690:
684:
675:
674:
630:
621:
615:
609:
608:
584:
578:
577:
565:
556:
555:
547:
541:
540:
512:
503:
497:
491:
490:
446:
440:
434:
428:
422:
416:
410:
401:
395:
382:
381:
361:
352:
351:
323:
317:
316:
306:
277:
268:
262:
253:
247:
182:Saale glaciation
73:Salar de Coipasa
2290:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2251:
2243:
2241:
2235:
2219:
2173:
2144:
2110:
2104:
2074:
2069:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2013:
1997:
1927:
1909:
1882:Rio Grande rift
1876:
1808:
1767:
1743:
1714:
1684:
1630:
1586:
1577:Lake Bonneville
1562:
1528:
1524:Lake Whittlesey
1453:Early Lake Erie
1398:
1374:
1329:
1303:
1287:
1268:Baltic Ice Lake
1244:
1213:
1197:
1176:
1167:
1129:
1124:
1108:
1089:
1081:
1079:
1054:
1039:
1034:
991:
962:
948:
927:
923:
918:
910:
906:
878:
877:
873:
858:10.2307/3673232
843:
842:
838:
781:
780:
776:
772:, p. 1525.
768:
764:
756:
752:
722:
721:
717:
709:
705:
697:
693:
689:, p. 1519.
685:
678:
632:
631:
624:
616:
612:
586:
585:
581:
574:Bulletin - AFEQ
567:
566:
559:
549:
548:
544:
514:
513:
506:
498:
494:
448:
447:
443:
435:
431:
423:
419:
411:
404:
396:
385:
363:
362:
355:
325:
324:
320:
304:10.1.1.528.1524
279:
278:
271:
263:
256:
248:
241:
237:
228:Balliviaspongia
167:Rio Desaguadero
107:which predates
96:
56:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2288:
2286:
2278:
2277:
2272:
2262:
2261:
2253:
2252:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2159:Lake Ballivián
2155:
2153:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2135:Salar de Uyuni
2132:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2112:
2111:
2105:
2103:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2080:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2055:
2043:
2031:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1943:Lake Ballivián
1939:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1919:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1794:Lake Merrimack
1791:
1789:Lake Hitchcock
1786:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1712:
1710:Lake Wisconsin
1707:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1641:
1639:
1637:Missouri River
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1626:Lake Skokomish
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1606:Lake Nisqually
1603:
1597:
1595:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1539:
1537:
1534:Columbia River
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1509:Lake Tonawanda
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1458:Lake Frontenac
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1422:Lake Algonquin
1419:
1417:Lake Admiralty
1414:
1408:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1325:Lake Pickering
1322:
1317:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1278:Mastogloia Sea
1275:
1270:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1158:
1151:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1128:
1127:External links
1125:
1123:
1122:
1087:
1052:
1046:(in Spanish).
1032:
989:
960:
946:
924:
922:
919:
917:
916:
914:, p. 297.
904:
871:
852:(4): 299–304.
836:
774:
762:
750:
737:10.2307/210449
715:
713:, p. 279.
703:
701:, p. 271.
691:
676:
622:
610:
579:
557:
542:
504:
492:
441:
439:, p. 117.
429:
417:
415:, p. 116.
402:
383:
353:
340:10.2307/201641
334:(3): 161–183.
318:
269:
267:, p. 270.
254:
252:, p. 269.
238:
236:
233:
141:valley before
95:
92:
69:Salar de Uyuni
55:
52:
20:Lake Ballivián
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2287:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:Ancient lakes
2176:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2151:Lake Titicaca
2147:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2125:Lake Titicaca
2123:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2113:
2109:
2106:Lakes on the
2101:
2096:
2094:
2089:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2044:
2042:
2032:
2030:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:South America
1934:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1895:Lake Estancia
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1872:Lake Thompson
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1857:Lake Panamint
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1827:Lake Corcoran
1825:
1823:
1822:Lake Cahuilla
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1779:Lake Cape Cod
1777:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1746:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1700:Lake Kankakee
1698:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1687:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1675:Lake McKenzie
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1660:Lake Glendive
1658:
1656:
1655:Lake Cut Bank
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1645:Lake Chouteau
1643:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1611:Lake Puyallup
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1582:Lake Lahontan
1580:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1531:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1438:Lake Chippewa
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1412:Champlain Sea
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1338:North America
1336:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1320:Lake Lapworth
1318:
1316:
1315:Lake Harrison
1313:
1312:
1310:
1308:Great Britain
1306:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1273:Littorina Sea
1271:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1209:Lake Washburn
1207:
1206:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1157:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1119:
1113:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1088:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1050:(1–2): 79–96.
1049:
1045:
1038:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
961:
957:
953:
949:
943:
939:
935:
931:
926:
925:
920:
913:
908:
905:
899:
894:
890:
886:
882:
875:
872:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
840:
837:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
807:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
778:
775:
771:
766:
763:
759:
754:
751:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
719:
716:
712:
707:
704:
700:
695:
692:
688:
683:
681:
677:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
637:(in German).
636:
629:
627:
623:
620:, p. 40.
619:
614:
611:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
583:
580:
575:
571:
564:
562:
558:
553:
546:
543:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
511:
509:
505:
502:, p. 85.
501:
496:
493:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
445:
442:
438:
433:
430:
427:, p. 82.
426:
421:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
400:, p. 83.
399:
394:
392:
390:
388:
384:
379:
375:
371:
368:(in German).
367:
360:
358:
354:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
322:
319:
314:
310:
305:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
276:
274:
270:
266:
261:
259:
255:
251:
246:
244:
240:
234:
232:
230:
229:
225:
221:
220:
215:
214:
209:
206:
205:
200:
199:
194:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
170:
168:
164:
160:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
135:
130:
126:
122:
118:
117:archipelagoes
112:
110:
106:
102:
93:
91:
89:
85:
80:
78:
77:Lake Titicaca
74:
70:
65:
61:
53:
51:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
28:South America
25:
21:
2257:
2195:Lake Minchin
2158:
1968:Lake Minchin
1942:
1900:Lake Palomas
1890:Lake Alamosa
1862:Lake Russell
1763:Lake Passaic
1543:Lake Allison
1504:Lake Stanley
1499:Lake Saginaw
1433:Lake Chicago
1389:Lake Ojibway
1360:Lake Bassano
1355:Lake Agassiz
1346:Nelson River
1263:Ancylus Lake
1230:Lake Tengger
1225:Lake Bandung
1193:Lake Ptolemy
1091:
1080:. Retrieved
1060:
1047:
1043:
1001:
997:
968:
964:
929:
907:
888:
884:
874:
849:
845:
839:
788:
784:
777:
765:
753:
731:(1): 41–63.
728:
724:
718:
706:
694:
638:
634:
613:
588:
582:
573:
551:
545:
523:(2–3): 120.
520:
516:
495:
454:
450:
444:
432:
420:
369:
365:
331:
327:
321:
286:
282:
226:
219:Biomphalaria
217:
211:
202:
196:
190:
178:interglacial
171:
155:
113:
97:
87:
84:Lake Minchin
81:
57:
19:
18:
2215:Lake Escara
1953:Lake Escara
1867:Lake Tecopa
1852:Lake Mojave
1832:Lake Harper
1772:New England
1758:Lake Albany
1739:Teays River
1691:Mississippi
1650:Lake Circle
1592:Puget Sound
1568:Great Basin
1514:Lake Warren
1483:Lake Minong
1478:Lake Maumee
1448:Lake Duluth
1428:Lake Arkona
1404:Great Lakes
1394:Tyrrell Sea
1365:Lake Souris
1170:Pleistocene
1061:GSA Memoirs
806:10012/13502
791:: 232–242.
500:Newell 1949
425:Newell 1949
398:Lavenu 1995
208:crustaceans
105:Lake Cabana
48:Lake Escara
40:Lake Cabana
36:Lake Mataro
2264:Categories
2205:Inca Huasi
2185:Lake Tauca
2130:Lake Poopó
1988:Lake Tauca
1958:Inca Huasi
1847:Lake Modoc
1842:Lake Manly
1837:Lake Manix
1814:California
1804:Lake Stowe
1734:Lake Tight
1553:Lake Lewis
1519:Lake Wayne
1473:Lake Lundy
1283:Yoldia Sea
1256:Baltic Sea
1202:Antarctica
1082:2018-06-10
891:(3): 648.
457:(3): 346.
372:(3): 208.
289:(4): 293.
235:References
153:activity.
139:Rio La Paz
109:glaciation
44:Quaternary
2117:salt pans
2108:Altiplano
1923:Lake Atna
1443:Lake Dana
1380:James Bay
1299:Lake Komi
1112:cite book
1104:602709757
815:1055-7903
671:128436981
663:0016-7835
605:0072-1069
479:0033-5894
299:CiteSeerX
163:Rio Mauri
161:into the
134:Formation
88:Ballivián
24:Altiplano
1722:drainage
1693:drainage
1382:drainage
1348:drainage
1235:Mundafan
1028:22957159
956:37841531
823:29545110
641:(1): 3.
487:56399697
366:Erdkunde
213:Orestias
204:Hyalella
198:Heleobia
159:Calacoto
151:volcanic
143:gravelly
62:and the
32:Bolivian
2200:Salinas
2002:Summary
1983:Salinas
1096:Bamberg
1019:3434920
973:Bibcode
921:Sources
866:3673232
831:3903093
643:Bibcode
525:Bibcode
459:Bibcode
291:Bibcode
193:pupfish
147:Pacific
125:islands
54:Context
2169:Mataro
2164:Cabana
1963:Mataro
1948:Cabana
1915:Alaska
1751:valley
1749:Hudson
1689:Upper
1635:Upper
1594:system
1570:system
1536:system
1292:Russia
1249:Europe
1181:Africa
1102:
1026:
1016:
954:
944:
864:
829:
821:
813:
745:210449
743:
669:
661:
603:
485:
477:
348:201641
346:
301:
224:sponge
174:trough
2190:Sajsi
1978:Sajsi
1040:(PDF)
952:S2CID
862:JSTOR
827:S2CID
741:JSTOR
667:S2CID
483:S2CID
344:JSTOR
121:gulfs
101:clays
2210:Ouki
1973:Ouki
1720:Ohio
1218:Asia
1118:link
1100:OCLC
1024:PMID
942:ISBN
819:PMID
811:ISSN
659:ISSN
601:ISSN
475:ISSN
201:and
123:and
94:Lake
71:and
38:and
1073:hdl
1065:doi
1014:PMC
1006:doi
981:doi
969:172
934:doi
893:doi
889:169
854:doi
801:hdl
793:doi
789:125
733:doi
651:doi
593:doi
533:doi
467:doi
374:doi
336:doi
309:doi
26:of
2266::
1114:}}
1110:{{
1098:.
1071:.
1059:.
1048:16
1042:.
1022:.
1012:.
1000:.
996:.
979:.
967:.
950:.
940:.
887:.
883:.
860:.
848:.
825:.
817:.
809:.
799:.
787:.
739:.
729:30
727:.
679:^
665:.
657:.
649:.
639:20
625:^
599:.
572:.
560:^
531:.
519:.
507:^
481:.
473:.
465:.
455:43
453:.
405:^
386:^
356:^
342:.
332:46
330:.
307:.
297:.
287:21
285:.
272:^
257:^
242:^
210:,
119:,
111:.
79:.
2099:e
2092:t
2085:v
1162:e
1155:t
1148:v
1120:)
1106:.
1085:.
1075::
1067::
1030:.
1008::
1002:2
987:.
983::
975::
958:.
936::
901:.
895::
868:.
856::
850:4
833:.
803::
795::
747:.
735::
673:.
653::
645::
607:.
595::
539:.
535::
527::
521:2
489:.
469::
461::
380:.
376::
370:9
350:.
338::
315:.
311::
293::
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.