376:
28:
41:
240:, clear evidence that the spring was still flowing at that time. He also measured the depth of the lake as 64 m (210 ft) and it is this figure that is used in almost all publications and writings about the lake today. In September 2000 the geology department of the University of Athens conducted a detailed underwater survey of the lake, finding its maximum depth to be only 48.8 m.
225:. After only a few hundred thousand years the small cave, dissolved out of the unstable and structurally weak breccia, collapsed creating a deep hole. The destabilised breccia at the top of this hole subsided into the hole creating a deep funnel-shaped sinkhole which was subsequently filled with freshwater by the still running spring. The creation of the Mediterranean Sea during the
48:
251:, one grade down from the maximum possible. This earthquake was most likely responsible for the blocking or diversion of the freshwater spring leading to the later stagnation of the lake and the collapse of the western corner of the lake which reduced the lake depth from the 64m measured by Thomas Spratt to the 48.8 m today.
196:. It has a circular shape with a diameter of 137 m and a depth of 48.8 m. The locals refer to it as simply "The Lake". The lake is connected to the harbour of the town by a channel dug by soldiers of the French Army in 1907. A panoramic view of the lake can be seen from a small park situated above it.
220:
A normal fault which cuts right through the town in a roughly NNE to SSW direction passes directly through the north-western side of the lake, the cliff at the lake is the scarp slope of this fault. Elsewhere in the town the fault was later buried by subsequent underwater landslides. An underground
267:
A local urban myth is that the lake is bottomless and the crater of an extinct volcano. That notion is most likely based on its impressive depth compared to its width (48.8 m depth and only 134 m width) or/and on locals noticing disturbances at the surface or also the level of the water
258:
The first channel connecting the lake to the sea was dug by Kostas
Adosides Pasha, the Ottoman governor of Lasithi at the time, between 1867 and 1871. This canal was dredged and widened several times between 1883 and 1890, and a simple wooden footbridge was built. The wider canal we see today was
254:
Once the spring had stopped flowing, the lake soon became stagnant. It became known locally as
Vromolimni; 'the stinky lake'. The obvious solution was to dig a channel to the nearby sea to allow the denser seawater to flush away the stagnant freshwater and remove the source of the smell.
259:
constructed by the French Army between 1905 and 1907. A lifting footbridge allowed boats to pass and be loaded and unloaded in the relative safety of the lake. The modern concrete road bridge was opened in 1954.
272:(which was wrongly attributed to an eruption of Santorini). Because of the latter, many incorrectly assume a geological relationship between the two locations.
299:
83:
217:
The rocks at the lake are limestone breccias, the result of undersea landslides coming down from the mountains to the north-west of the town.
221:
stream that was cut by this fault created a solution sinkhole and a small cave following the disappearance of the overlying sea during the
40:
248:
275:
The complete absence of igneous rocks anywhere near the lake precludes its being a volcano crater, the supposed connection with
247:
with an epicentre only 40 km from the lake. Although its magnitude was not recorded, it was listed as grade XI on the
436:
446:
244:
222:
232:
In 1852 Captain Thomas Spratt surveyed eastern Crete on behalf of the Royal Navy and recorded the lake as being
441:
269:
27:
421:
303:
185:
161:
346:
229:
left a deep, spring-fed, freshwater lake that overflowed via a small stream into the nearby sea.
377:"NOAA Significant Earthquake Database (search terms 1815-1900, Southern Europe, Greece, Crete)"
204:
325:
210:
day, the majority of the population of the town gathers around the lake to celebrate with
226:
173:
115:
430:
397:
98:
85:
276:
211:
366:
Spratt T.A.B. John Van Horst, 1865, p. 144. (Incomplete: Missing title)
207:
200:
189:
184:, later connected to the sea, located at the centre of the town of
193:
69:
181:
214:, and firecrackers thrown by the people attending the event.
238:....having a small stream opening out of it into the sea
300:"Municipality of Aghios Nikolaos – On Agios Nikolaos"
157:
153:
145:
137:
129:
125:
114:
75:
65:
20:
245:massive earthquake occurred in the sea off Crete
203:bathed in it. Every year at midnight turning to
76:
422:Homepage of the Municipality of Agios Nikolaos
294:
292:
8:
234:...a small circular pool of brackish water
17:
398:"Stigmes Cretan Magazine (also in print)"
347:"Photo from Easter at explorecrete.com"
326:"CRETEgazette – Coming Events in Crete"
288:
279:can also be dismissed for this reason.
47:
7:
180:) is a small, formerly freshwater
14:
249:Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale
199:According to legend, the goddess
46:
39:
26:
144:
136:
128:
1:
64:
463:
223:Messinian Salinity Crisis
141:48.8 m (160 ft)
34:
25:
133:137 m (449 ft)
270:1956 Amorgos earthquake
243:On 12 October 1856 a
99:35.19056°N 25.71722°E
437:Landforms of Lasithi
176:: Λίμνη Βουλισμένη,
149:0 m (0 ft)
95: /
447:Landforms of Crete
306:on 14 January 2007
205:Orthodox Christian
104:35.19056; 25.71722
167:
166:
146:Surface elevation
454:
409:
408:
406:
404:
394:
388:
387:
385:
383:
373:
367:
364:
358:
357:
355:
353:
343:
337:
336:
334:
332:
322:
316:
315:
313:
311:
302:. Archived from
296:
178:Límni Voulisméni
110:
109:
107:
106:
105:
100:
96:
93:
92:
91:
88:
78:
50:
49:
43:
30:
18:
462:
461:
457:
456:
455:
453:
452:
451:
442:Lakes of Greece
427:
426:
418:
413:
412:
402:
400:
396:
395:
391:
381:
379:
375:
374:
370:
365:
361:
351:
349:
345:
344:
340:
330:
328:
324:
323:
319:
309:
307:
298:
297:
290:
285:
265:
170:Lake Voulismeni
118: countries
103:
101:
97:
94:
89:
86:
84:
82:
81:
61:
60:
59:
58:
57:
56:
55:
54:Lake Voulismeni
51:
21:Lake Voulismeni
12:
11:
5:
460:
458:
450:
449:
444:
439:
429:
428:
425:
424:
417:
416:External links
414:
411:
410:
389:
368:
359:
338:
317:
287:
286:
284:
281:
264:
261:
227:Zanclean Flood
186:Agios Nikolaos
165:
164:
162:Agios Nikolaos
159:
155:
154:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
123:
122:
119:
112:
111:
79:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
53:
52:
45:
44:
38:
37:
36:
35:
32:
31:
23:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
459:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
434:
432:
423:
420:
419:
415:
399:
393:
390:
378:
372:
369:
363:
360:
348:
342:
339:
327:
321:
318:
305:
301:
295:
293:
289:
282:
280:
278:
273:
271:
263:Urban legends
262:
260:
256:
252:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
230:
228:
224:
218:
215:
213:
209:
206:
202:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
163:
160:
156:
152:
148:
140:
132:
124:
120:
117:
113:
108:
80:
74:
71:
68:
42:
33:
29:
24:
19:
16:
401:. Retrieved
392:
380:. Retrieved
371:
362:
350:. Retrieved
341:
329:. Retrieved
320:
308:. Retrieved
304:the original
274:
266:
257:
253:
242:
237:
233:
231:
219:
216:
198:
177:
169:
168:
15:
268:during the
158:Settlements
102: /
77:Coordinates
431:Categories
283:References
192:island of
138:Max. depth
130:Max. width
87:35°11′26″N
382:9 October
277:Santorini
212:fireworks
90:25°43′2″E
66:Location
188:on the
208:Easter
201:Athena
121:Greece
403:5 May
352:5 May
331:5 May
310:5 May
194:Crete
190:Greek
174:Greek
116:Basin
70:Crete
405:2007
384:2019
354:2007
333:2007
312:2007
236:and
182:lake
433::
291:^
407:.
386:.
356:.
335:.
314:.
172:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
