92:
200:' system, where trees were cut down to act as fertilizer for crops. Due to environmental concerns, this cultivation system was stopped in favor of cultivating lands far away from homes, and returning later after harvest. Globalization has also introduced new foods crops, such as rice, potatoes, new varieties of sweet potatoes, different types of beans,
104:
The Lala are traditionally governed by chiefs. There are a number of chiefdoms that govern the Lala, including
Chitambo, Muchinda, Chisomo, Serenje, Kabamba, Mailo, Chibale, Mboshya and others. At the top of the hierarchy is the most senior chief, Chief Muchinda, who oversees the welfare of all Lala
274:
in
September. The word means "returning to the village from the farms." The purpose of the ceremony is to give thanks to the ancestral spirits and gods for providing good rains and a bountiful harvest. During the ceremony, aspects of the Lala culture are shown off, like dances, dramas, and songs.
253:
The Lala have also traditionally had an initiation ritual for girls upon getting their first period; they would be secluded from the community for a period of time, and be taught lessons, coupled with dances, in preparation for their adult life. This practice is similar to many other groups in
291:
Unlike some other groups in Zambia, the Lala practice monogamous marriages. There are three conventional ways of marrying among the Lala: a pre-arranged marriage between a man and a woman's families, a man and a woman asking permission from their families to marry each other, and a man who
228:' (a type of necklet made from hairs); this symbolizes an elder who is pure Lala. However, these days, very few Lalas wear such materials. With the advent of globalization, many Lala women have adopted the wearing of chitenge fabric and
207:
In the past, the Lala relied on fishing and hunting; hunting was done using traps, spears, a bow and arrow, and women and men would commonly go to the river to fish. However, this has become unsustainable with declining numbers of game.
244:
Like many other
Zambian societies, Lala entertainment takes the form of traditional songs, and evening storytelling around a fire. Dances of different kinds, such as the Kakele, are performed, and poetry and drama are very common.
105:
chiefdoms. He is helped by other chiefs, who are at the same level of hierarchy to each other. Each chief presides over a certain chiefdom with boundaries marked. The Senior Chief holds the title of '
140:
The Lala are traditionally small scale farmers, hunters, and fishermen. Staple foods include the cassava, finger millet, groundnuts, and maize. In the past, the main food of the Lala was '
128:'. It is an independent institution constructed to be an advisor to chiefs and other Lala community groups. According to Buckle in his 1976 manuscript on
292:
impregnated a woman is pressured by her family to take her as his wife. The man's family will take a dowry from a woman's family, consisting of a '
283:', along with locally grown crops are displayed. Traditional dress and crafts are also shown, like drawings, sculptures, hoes, axes, and others.
467:
594:
80:
121:', village headmen and women. They oversee a small area and are aided or followed by village elders, who uphold Lala tradition.
232:(head wraps), and men have adopted trousers, shorts, and chitenge tops. It is common to see such traditional dress during the '
270:
The
Ichibwela Mushi, also called Chibwelamushi, is a harvest festival celebrated by the Lala, Bisa, and Swaka in the
216:
The Lala people dress in a similar manner to other ethnic groups of Zambia. According to respondents, the Lala used '
67:
provinces of Zambia. In 2016, there was an effort to take inventory of the proverbs of the Lala in Luano
District.
220:', a type of material, to make shirts and other clothes with 'chilundu', a type of tree. Elderly women would use '
60:
56:
565:
36:
117:', who preside over a bigger area with multiple villages and headmen within a chiefdom. Below them are '
75:
Like many other ethnic groups in Zambia and South Africa, the Lala are said to have descended from the
51:
The Lala language, known locally as Ilala, is mutually intelligible/closely related with the Bisa and
410:
David
Livingstone Journeys in Central Province of Zambia Particularly Serenje and the People of Ilala
339:"Cultural Preservation Literacy in Zambia: A Case Study of the Lala People of Serenje District"
440:
129:
83:. Most of the Lala settled in the Central Province under chief Chitambo in Serenje District.
426:
91:
76:
64:
32:
540:
453:
271:
132:, he attests to the existence of chiefs and headmen among the Lala in Livingstone's time.
21:
52:
360:
588:
338:
300:' (blanket), and chitenge. In the past, money was not charged to the bride's family.
259:
492:"ubulunga - definition of ubulunga in A Dictionary of South African English - DSAE"
175:
17:
385:"UNESCO - Inventorying of proverbs of Lala community of Luano District of Zambia"
153:
196:' (mopane worms), and others. The crops were traditionally cultivated in the '
491:
124:
Separate from this hierarchy is the traditional council, referred to as '
181:
169:
159:
40:
384:
343:
Multidisciplinary
Journal of Language and Social Sciences Education
201:
145:
149:
262:. It is no longer commonly performed by many among the Lala.
337:
Benson
Mkandwire, Sitwe; Daka, Harrison (September 2018).
427:
https://twitter.com/bichriphoto/status/919864776964091904
95:
An infographic depicting the traditional Lala hierarchy.
515:
275:Traditional foods, like locally prepared beer, '
172:). Other traditional foodstuffs include kandolo
224:' (roots of a plant) from the water to make '
8:
412:. Lusaka: University of Zambia. p. 17.
192:' (African polony, also called chikanda), '
468:"What does impande yemifino mean in Zulu?"
90:
308:
449:
438:
31:are a Bantu ethnic group found in the
541:"ICHIBWELAMUSHI TRADITIONAL CEREMONY"
332:
7:
361:"Glottolog 4.2.1 - Lala (Lala-Bisa)"
330:
328:
326:
324:
322:
320:
318:
316:
314:
312:
566:"Our Man in Zambia : Lalaland"
109:', and the royal family is called '
14:
539:Tembo, Joseph (1 November 2019).
152:). The nshima could come from
1:
564:Baldwin, James (June 2004).
113:'. The third level are the '
81:Democratic Republic of Congo
611:
516:"Central Province, Zambia"
142:nshima ya maho na Mulimwa'
15:
349:– via ResearchGate.
16:Not to be confused with
595:Ethnic groups in Zambia
545:Zambia Railways Limited
96:
408:Buckle, A.G. (1976).
94:
87:Society & Culture
254:Zambia, such as the
204:, and other crops.
218:akamphangolishishi
97:
77:Luba-Lunda Kingdom
448:Missing or empty
186:' (African squash
184:), imyungu/umumbu
130:David Livingstone
55:languages of the
602:
580:
579:
577:
576:
561:
555:
554:
552:
551:
536:
530:
529:
528:
527:
512:
506:
505:
503:
502:
488:
482:
481:
479:
478:
464:
458:
457:
451:
446:
444:
436:
434:
433:
420:
414:
413:
405:
399:
398:
396:
395:
381:
375:
374:
372:
371:
357:
351:
350:
334:
258:ceremony of the
107:Kankomba-we-Lala
37:Central Province
33:Serenje District
610:
609:
605:
604:
603:
601:
600:
599:
585:
584:
583:
574:
572:
563:
562:
558:
549:
547:
538:
537:
533:
525:
523:
514:
513:
509:
500:
498:
490:
489:
485:
476:
474:
466:
465:
461:
447:
437:
431:
429:
422:
421:
417:
407:
406:
402:
393:
391:
383:
382:
378:
369:
367:
359:
358:
354:
336:
335:
310:
306:
289:
272:Mkushi district
268:
266:Ichibwela Mushi
251:
242:
234:Ichibwela Mushi
214:
138:
102:
89:
79:in present-day
73:
49:
25:
22:Laalaa language
12:
11:
5:
608:
606:
598:
597:
587:
586:
582:
581:
556:
531:
507:
483:
459:
415:
400:
389:ich.unesco.org
376:
352:
307:
305:
302:
288:
285:
267:
264:
250:
247:
241:
238:
213:
210:
176:sweet potatoes
137:
134:
126:Insaka ye Lala
101:
98:
88:
85:
72:
69:
48:
45:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
607:
596:
593:
592:
590:
571:
567:
560:
557:
546:
542:
535:
532:
521:
517:
511:
508:
497:
493:
487:
484:
473:
472:wordhippo.com
469:
463:
460:
455:
442:
428:
425:
419:
416:
411:
404:
401:
390:
386:
380:
377:
366:
365:glottolog.org
362:
356:
353:
348:
344:
340:
333:
331:
329:
327:
325:
323:
321:
319:
317:
315:
313:
309:
303:
301:
299:
295:
286:
284:
282:
278:
273:
265:
263:
261:
257:
248:
246:
240:Entertainment
239:
237:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
211:
209:
205:
203:
199:
195:
191:
189:
183:
179:
177:
171:
167:
163:
161:
155:
151:
147:
143:
135:
133:
131:
127:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
99:
93:
86:
84:
82:
78:
70:
68:
66:
62:
58:
54:
46:
44:
42:
38:
34:
30:
23:
19:
573:. Retrieved
569:
559:
548:. Retrieved
544:
534:
524:, retrieved
522:, 2020-04-14
519:
510:
499:. Retrieved
495:
486:
475:. Retrieved
471:
462:
450:|title=
430:. Retrieved
423:
418:
409:
403:
392:. Retrieved
388:
379:
368:. Retrieved
364:
355:
346:
342:
297:
293:
290:
280:
276:
269:
255:
252:
243:
236:' ceremony.
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
215:
206:
197:
193:
187:
185:
173:
165:
157:
141:
139:
125:
123:
118:
114:
111:Bena Nyendwa
110:
106:
103:
74:
50:
28:
26:
18:Serer-Laalaa
178:), ifipushi
162:), kalundwe
154:mielie-meal
29:Lala people
575:2020-07-30
550:2020-07-30
526:2020-07-30
501:2020-07-30
496:dsae.co.za
477:2020-07-30
432:2020-07-30
394:2020-07-30
370:2020-07-30
304:References
298:ubulangeti
296:' (hoe), '
249:Ceremonies
230:ichitambal
194:ifinkubala
570:bbc.co.uk
520:Knowledge
198:Chitemene
190:ichinyeka
100:Hierarchy
589:Category
441:cite web
287:Marriage
226:ubulungu
212:Clothing
156:of amale
119:Sulutani
115:Chilolos
61:Muchinga
57:Northern
47:Language
424:Twitter
279:' and '
222:impande
182:pumpkin
170:cassava
164:', or '
71:History
65:Luapula
35:of the
281:katubi
277:katata
260:Luvale
160:millet
146:nshima
63:, and
41:Zambia
294:sembe
202:maize
150:beans
148:with
53:Bemba
454:help
256:wali
166:tute
136:Food
27:The
188:),
180:' (
174:' (
168:' (
158:' (
39:of
20:or
591::
568:.
543:.
518:,
494:.
470:.
445::
443:}}
439:{{
387:.
363:.
345:.
341:.
311:^
59:,
43:.
578:.
553:.
504:.
480:.
456:)
452:(
435:.
397:.
373:.
347:1
144:(
24:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
