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406:, 'Gule of August'. However, Hutton says that "MacNeill's thesis of a pan-Celtic seasonal ritual, like her reconstruction of pagan rites, is so far un-proven" and to prove it "would involve a detailed knowledge of the religious calendar of the Anglo-Saxons before they arrived in England, which is impossible".
688:
Sunday in early
January, the Sunday after Epiphany and the day before work would begin again in the fields after Christmas festivities, when ploughs would be brought to church to be blessed; and Rogation days in May, the days before Ascension Day, when God's blessing would be sought on the growing crops.
730:
Thus Christ-Mass implies that season when the incarnation and birth of Christ, are commemorated in the Mass. In the same manner are formed Candle-Mass, Michaelmas, Lammas, &c. Lammas-day for instance, which falls on the 1st of August, is derived from the Saxon word Laf, a Loaf and MĂŠse, or Mass:
843:
For
Christians, Lammas has been a time for blessing loaves made of fresh wheat. In time, Christians also created a version of the Scottish Highland Quarter Cake for Lammas, which bore Christian symbols on the top. (Catholic Culture has a recipe.) In the Neopagan and Wiccan faiths, Lughnasadh is one
706:
How to
Pronounce the Names in Shakespeare: The Pronunciation of the Names in the Dramatis Personae of Each of Shakespeare's Plays, Also the Pronunciation and Explanation of Place Names and the Names of All Persons, Mythological Characters, Etc., Found in the Text, with Forewords by E.H. Sothern and
687:
August begins with Lammas Day, Loaf Mass Day, the day in the Book of Common Prayer calendar when a loaf baked with flour from newly harvested corn would be brought into church and blessed. It's one of the oldest points of contact between the agricultural world and the Church. The others were Plough
467:
The Lammas loaf should ideally be baked by members of the congregation, using local produce wherever possible. Other small loaves or buns, in the tradition of 'blessed bread,' may be distributed to the congregation. Part of the Lammas loaf may be used as the eucharistic bread on this occasion. Two
817:
Lammas means "Loaf Mass" which used to celebrate the first bread baked from the new crop of grain which began to be harvested at Lammas-tide. Processions to bakeries would take place and those working there would be blessed. Our ancestors, with their celebration of the new bread, recognised the
312:
Originally, Lammas was connected to the pagan festival of
Lughnasadh (pronounced "Loo-nah-sah"), one of the four major Celtic cross-quarter festivals. Lughnasadh marked the beginning of the harvest season, particularly the first grain harvest. It was named after the Celtic god Lugh, who was
704:
595:, is a collective initiative for nine self-built homes. It was the first such project to obtain planning permission based on a predecessor of what is now the sixth national planning guidance for sustainable rural communities originally proposed by the One Planet Council.
575:
is one of the few towns in
England that still celebrates its Lammas Fair and has a processional custom which stretches back over 900 years, led by the Lord Mayor. During the fair a white glove on a pole decorated with garlands is raised above the
371:, the wheat must have run low in the days before Lammas, and the new harvest began a season of plenty, of hard work and company in the fields, reaping in teams. In the medieval agricultural year, Lammas also marked the end of the
752:
Lammas Day. In the Romish Church this day is known as the feast of St. Peter ad
Vincula (St. Peter in the fetters), being the day on which the Apostle's imprisonment is commemorated... Lammas is a corruption of
436:
calendar when a loaf baked with flour from newly harvested corn would be brought into church and blessed. It's one of the oldest points of contact between the agricultural world and the Church. The others were
1441:
757:,*the loaf-mass. In the Early English Church it was customary on this day to offer an oblation of loaves made of new wheat, as the first-fruits of the harvest. In the Sarum Manual it is called
1404:
441:
in early
January, the Sunday after Epiphany and the day before work would begin again in the fields after Christmas festivities, when ploughs would be brought to church to be blessed; and
1391:
1029:
331:, "when the harvest ripened the priest went into the field and gathered a sheaf of first-ripened grain. Then he took that sheaf into the temple and waved it before the Lord." The
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writes "the time that the first of the harvest could be gathered would have been a natural point for celebration in an agrarian society". He says it is likely "that a
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269:
supposed that tenants of the
Cathedral of York, dedicated to St Peter in Chains, of which this is the feast, were required to bring a live lamb to the church.
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Lammas or Lammas Day (August 1st) means the loaf-mass day. The day of first fruit offerings, when a loaf was given to the priests in lieu of the first-fruits.
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Another name for the feast in the Middle Ages was the 'Gule of August'. It has been suggested, following the 18th-century Welsh clerical antiquary
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2513:
707:
Thomas W. Churchill and with a List of the Dramas
Arranged Alphabetically Indicating the Pronunciation of the Names of the Characters in the Plays
457:, "The Lammas loaf, or part of it, may be used as the bread of the Eucharist, or the Lammas loaf and the eucharistic bread may be kept separate."
356:. It was probably the day when loaves baked from the first of the wheat harvest were blessed at church. The loaves might then have been used in
2865:
1265:
Guinness, Bunny (16 Aug 2006). "Late summer growth". The Daily
Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 2009-06-03.
489:(1.3.19) it is observed of Juliet, "Come Lammas Eve at night shall she be fourteen." Another well-known cultural reference is the opening of
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directed that the Lammas loaf be broken into four parts, which were to be placed at the four corners of the barn, to protect the grain.
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patterns of readings are suggested, the first concerning the offering of the first-fruits and the second concerning the bread of life.
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Bringing a loaf of bread made from the new wheat crop to the church for a blessing, making loaves from the grain collected at harvest
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544:. In the Northern Hemisphere it takes place around 1 August, while in the Southern Hemisphere it is celebrated around 1 February.
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402:. She highlighted the apparent lack of a Continental Germanic festival on 1 August, and the apparent borrowing of the Welsh name
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to replace those lost to insect damage. They often differ slightly in shape, texture and/or hairiness from the earlier leaves.
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417:, commemorating Saint Peter's miraculous deliverance from prison, but in the liturgical reform of 1969 the feast of St
379:. At the end of hay-making a sheep would be loosed in the meadow among the mowers, for him to keep who could catch it.
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Nevill Drury (2009). "The Modern Magical Revival: Esbats and Sabbats". In Pizza, Murphy; Lewis, James R (eds.).
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of the early Church enjoined firstfruits be given of "money, clothes, and all of your possessions" (13:7).
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It having been customary on that day to make an offering to the Church, of a loaf made of new corn.
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episode "Day of the Devil", Lammas Day is presented as a Satanic (un)holy day, "the Devil's day".
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in May, the days before Ascension Day, when God's blessing would be sought on the growing crops.
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Ann Lewin explains the Christian feast of Lammas (Loaf Mass Day) and its importance in the
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have adopted the name and date of Lammas, making it one of the harvest festivals in their
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refers to a second crop of leaves produced in high summer by some species of trees in
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27:. For the festival celebrated by some neopagans also occasionally called Lammas, see
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on 1 August. The name originates from the word "loaf" in reference to bread and "
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Reported without comment in John Brand, Henry Ellis, J.O. Halliwell-Phillips,
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have adopted the name and date for one of their harvest festivals in their
960:
Unveiling the End Times in Our Time: The Triumph of the Lamb in Revelation
476:
to bakeries, where those working therein are blessed by Christian clergy.
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to bakeries, where those working therein are blessed by Christian clergy.
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453:, the mother church of the Anglican Communion, during the celebration of
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2601:
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643:
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332:
320:, The Christian Mass at the same time of year became known as Lammas.
161:
1277:"Bizarre Devon glove event cancelled for only third time in 900 years"
831:"You say Lammas, I say Lughnasadh: Christians, Pagans embrace harvest"
536:. It is the first of the three autumn festivals, the others being the
390:
festival had existed among the Anglo-Saxons on that date". Folklorist
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1955:
1748:
1492:
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568:
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Lammas was the name for the first day of August and was described in
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1369:'Inspector Morse' The Day of the Devil (1993) Reviews & Ratings
495:: "It fell about the Lammas tide when the muir-men win their hay."
572:
502:
299:
262:
227:
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in the universal calendar which do not normally fall on a Sunday.
1164:
Dancing Under an African Moon: Paganism and Wicca in South Africa
261:
Several antiquarians suggested that the name 'Lammas' came from '
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1625:
673:
Seasons of Grace: Inspirational Resources for the Christian Year
252:
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Archaeologia or, Miscellaneous tracts, relating to antiquity...
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Sunwyse: Celebrating the Sacred Wheel of the Year in Australia
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of eight sabbaths and is the first of three harvest festivals.
372:
432:
August begins with Lammas Day, Loaf Mass Day, the day in the
877:
Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain
1405:
Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America
580:. The fair now takes place on the first Thursday in July.
218:
While Lammas is traditionally a Christian holy day, some
908:
Observations on the Popular Antiquities of Great Britain
394:
linked Lammas with the Insular Celtic harvest festival
1410:
Lammas-tide by Leigh Hatts - Walking the Pilgrims' Way
195:
of harvest, with a loaf of bread being brought to the
16:
Christian holiday marking the blessing of First Fruits
923:
J. P. Bacon Phillips, inquiring the significance of "
413:
before 1886. Lammas also coincided with the feast of
748:
The Prayer-book: Its History, Language, and Contents
313:associated with light, craftsmanship, and harvest.
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1415:"A Little History of Lammas" - A Clerk of Oxford
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613:Lammas is a prominent plot point in the novel,
465:
430:
818:significance of Jesus being the bread of life.
2731:
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710:. Hinds, Hayden & Eldredge. p. 177.
675:. Hymns Ancient and Modern Ltd. p. 222.
8:
879:. Oxford University Press. pp. 330â331.
698:
696:
304:On Loaf Mass Day, bread is brought into the
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1191:. Victoria, Australia: Hihorse Publishing.
1017:English Villagers of the Thirteenth Century
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1166:. Cape Town: Zebra Press. pp. 79â86.
48:
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1401:The God in the Bread: A Sermon for Lammas
1347:"Image Archive | One Planet Council"
1141:. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
1008:
1006:
1004:
1084:The English and Scottish Popular Ballads
927:", "Lammas-Day and the Gule of August",
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203:falls at the halfway point between the
530:. Other neopagans use the Gaelic name
409:Lammas Day was one of the traditional
23:. For the summer growth of trees, see
750:. Wells Gardner, Darton. p. 85.
7:
1139:Witchcraft and Paganism in Australia
1060:. Canterbury Press. 19 August 2014.
944:(Society of Antiquaries of London),
308:to be blessed by a Christian cleric.
802:"Lammas-tide â 'the bread of life'"
2442:All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve
2436:All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day
1891:All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve
1885:All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day
985:Evangelical Dictionary of Theology
833:. David Crumm Media. 1 August 2018
507:Exeter's Lammas Fair glove in 2015
226:. It is also the same date as the
14:
1101:Handbook of Contemporary Paganism
1058:Common Worship: Times and Seasons
323:In Christianity, the offering of
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2699:
2600:
2551:
1541:
1330:"Annual Monitoring Report (PDF)"
1087:. Houghton Mifflin. p. 293.
987:. Baker Academic. p. 1203.
958:Rogers, Adrian (December 2003).
703:Irvine, Theodora Ursula (1919).
350:", being mentioned often in the
327:to God has a history, as in the
19:For the village in England, see
2705:Category: Festivals in England
1275:Parkman, Chloe (2 July 2020).
156:, "loaf-mass"), also known as
54:Lammas loaf owl with salt eyes
1:
2866:Christian festivals in Europe
1187:Bodsworth, Roxanne T (2003).
1081:Child, Francis James (1889).
421:was transferred to this day.
375:harvest that had begun after
242:The name 'Lammas' comes from
1850:Nativity of John the Baptist
962:. B&H Publishing Group.
191:to mark the blessing of the
2606:English festivals and fairs
1316:"Self build central images"
759:Benedictio novorum fructuum
2922:
2558:Catholic Church portal
1212:Jones, Eustace W. (1959).
983:Elwell, Walter A. (2001).
515:
18:
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2242:Mass of the Lord's Supper
1950:
1924:
1714:Mass of the Lord's Supper
1539:
1487:
1461:
724:Gandolphy, Peter (1815).
47:
1616:Presentation of the Lord
910:, new ed. 1899: vol. I,
726:An Exposition of Liturgy
360:: a book of Anglo-Saxon
2784:
2503:holy days of obligation
2415:Exaltation of the Cross
2039:Octave Day of Christmas
1879:Exaltation of the Cross
1030:"The Agricultural Year"
875:Hutton, Ronald (1996).
774:"The Agricultural Year"
492:The Battle of Otterburn
292:for "feast of August".
247:
211:. Christians also have
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2376:Saint John the Baptist
1019:, 2nd ed. 1991. p.371.
585:low-impact development
508:
470:
447:
344:Old English literature
309:
283:
179:" in reference to the
2886:Scottish quarter days
2871:Christian processions
2382:Saints Peter and Paul
2288:Sundays after Easter
1995:Immaculate Conception
1856:Saints Peter and Paul
1527:Immaculate Conception
1396:The Church of England
1034:The Church of England
778:The Church of England
746:Daniel, Evan (1909).
506:
472:Christians also have
434:Book of Common Prayer
411:Scottish quarter days
353:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
303:
2891:February observances
2881:Holidays in Scotland
2454:Presentation of Mary
2080:Purification of Mary
1903:Presentation of Mary
1137:Hume, Lynne (1997).
589:Tir y Gafel, Glandwr
2471:Ordinary Procession
2075:Baptism of the Lord
1769:Divine Mercy Sunday
1598:Baptism of the Lord
1585:Mary, Mother of God
1229:1959JEcol..47..169J
1162:Vos, Donna (2002).
931:, 2 August 1930:83.
671:Lewin, Ann (2011).
563:temperate countries
340:Anglo-Saxon England
189:liturgical calendar
172:Northern Hemisphere
164:celebrated in some
2876:August observances
2531:Liturgical colours
2045:Holy Name of Jesus
1302:"Project homepage"
1217:Journal of Ecology
1116:. pp. 63â67.
599:In popular culture
509:
474:church processions
415:St Peter in Chains
358:protective rituals
310:
276:, that this is an
213:church processions
199:for this purpose.
99:church processions
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2747:Wheel of the Year
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2613:English festivals
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2473:according to the
2425:Maternity of Mary
2420:Autumn Ember Days
2354:Summer Ember Days
2213:
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2165:Spring Ember Days
2006:Winter Ember Days
1920:
1919:
1916:
1915:
1533:December 17 to 23
1067:978-0-7151-2238-9
994:978-0-8010-2075-9
969:978-0-8054-2691-5
929:Notes and Queries
891:Clavis Calendaris
682:978-1-84825-090-1
593:Lammas Ecovillage
591:, Pembrokeshire,
528:Wheel of the Year
451:Church of England
419:Alphonsus Liguori
346:as "the feast of
316:In an example of
230:harvest festival
224:Wheel of the Year
160:, is a Christian
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2626:Mothering Sunday
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2510:Older calendars
2410:Nativity of Mary
2341:Pentecost Season
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2016:Christmas Season
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1552:Christmas Season
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2010:
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1931:Tridentine Mass
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1862:Transfiguration
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127:Related to
55:
40:
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21:Lammas, Norfolk
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392:MĂĄire MacNeill
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135:Rogation days
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42:Loaf Mass Day
37:
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26:
25:Lammas growth
22:
2820:
2650:
2630:Mother's Day
2546:Easter cycle
2498:
2475:Roman Ritual
2434:
2402:
2380:
2371:Sacred Heart
2363:
2328:
2259:Easter Vigil
2177:Annunciation
2171:Saint Joseph
2169:
2107:Septuagesima
2062:
2037:
2023:
1993:
1939:Latin Church
1883:
1866:
1854:
1840:Sacred Heart
1832:
1802:
1731:Easter Vigil
1676:Annunciation
1670:Saint Joseph
1668:
1590:
1583:
1559:
1525:
1476:Latin Church
1375:18 September
1373:, retrieved
1368:
1362:
1350:. Retrieved
1341:
1324:
1310:
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1280:
1270:
1261:
1220:
1216:
1214:"Quercus L."
1207:
1188:
1182:
1163:
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1138:
1132:
1100:
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1076:
1057:
1037:. Retrieved
1024:
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919:
911:
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835:. Retrieved
825:
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809:. Retrieved
781:. Retrieved
777:
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747:
729:
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719:
711:
705:
686:
672:
616:Lammas Night
614:
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548:Horticulture
531:
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463:specifies:
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348:first fruits
337:
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193:First Fruits
157:
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146:
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103:First Fruits
91:Celebrations
33:
2843:Calan Gaeaf
2499:Italic font
2249:Good Friday
2237:Chrism Mass
2200:Palm Sunday
2187:Passiontide
2070:Holy Family
1989:Rorate Mass
1721:Good Friday
1709:Chrism Mass
1681:Palm Sunday
1579:Holy Family
1110:Netherlands
587:project at
512:Neopaganism
481:Shakespeare
244:Old English
151:Old English
109:Observances
2860:Categories
2821:Calan Awst
2815:Lughnasadh
2524:Tridentine
2404:Assumption
2393:Visitation
2112:Sexagesima
1935:Roman Rite
1868:Assumption
1845:Visitation
1472:Roman Rite
1392:Lammastide
1352:14 January
755:hlaf-masse
650:References
619:(1983) by
518:Lughnasadh
499:Other uses
396:Lughnasadh
382:Historian
318:syncretism
267:John Brady
232:Lughnasadh
201:Lammastide
183:. It is a
168:countries
139:Lughnasadh
64:Christians
29:Lughnasadh
2810:Midsummer
2799:Calan Mai
2773:GƔyl Fair
2758:Midwinter
2671:Christmas
2656:Halloween
2349:Pentecost
2330:Ascension
2205:Holy Week
2025:Christmas
1810:Pentecost
1804:Ascension
1686:Holy Week
1561:Christmas
1286:13 August
1281:DevonLive
1245:0022-0477
914:"Lammas".
578:Guildhall
524:neopagans
404:GƔyl Awst
377:Midsummer
367:For many
284:GƔyl Awst
251:meaning "
248:hlafmĂŠsse
220:neopagans
181:Eucharist
154:hlÄfmĂŠsse
86:Christian
76:Anglicans
72:Lutherans
68:Catholics
2641:Hocktide
2541:Computus
2519:pre-1955
2227:Tenebrae
2139:Sundays
2099:Pre-Lent
2064:Epiphany
1963:Sundays
1760:Sundays
1638:Sundays
1592:Epiphany
1500:Sundays
1015:(1961).
811:1 August
783:1 August
628:See also
533:Lughnasa
369:villeins
207:and the
185:festival
121:1 August
2837:Samhain
2793:Beltane
2661:Souling
2536:Ranking
1937:of the
1933:of the
1474:of the
1470:of the
1453:of the
1253:2257253
1225:Bibcode
889:Brady,
644:Shavuot
604:In the
542:Samhain
333:Didache
296:History
265:mass'.
187:in the
170:in the
162:holiday
2786:Ostara
2767:Imbolc
2651:Lammas
2636:Easter
2495:Legend
2466:Legend
2282:Octave
1956:Advent
1754:Octave
1493:Advent
1251:
1243:
1195:
1170:
1145:
1120:
1106:Leiden
1064:
1039:14 May
991:
966:
837:14 May
679:
569:Exeter
362:charms
228:Gaelic
197:church
149:(from
147:Lammas
39:Lammas
2832:Mabon
1333:(PDF)
1249:JSTOR
573:Devon
522:Some
290:Welsh
2762:Yule
2514:1955
2469:P =
2127:Lent
2090:Lent
1626:Lent
1377:2017
1354:2022
1288:2022
1241:ISSN
1193:ISBN
1168:ISBN
1143:ISBN
1118:ISBN
1062:ISBN
1041:2020
989:ISBN
964:ISBN
948::67.
925:gule
912:s.v.
895:s.v.
839:2020
813:2023
785:2023
677:ISBN
540:and
263:lamb
258:".
256:mass
253:loaf
238:Name
177:Mass
117:Date
95:Mass
83:Type
2317:6th
2312:5th
2307:4th
2302:3rd
2297:2nd
2292:1st
2158:4th
2153:3rd
2148:2nd
2143:1st
1982:4th
1977:3rd
1972:2nd
1967:1st
1796:7th
1791:6th
1786:5th
1781:4th
1776:3rd
1764:2nd
1662:5th
1657:4th
1652:3rd
1647:2nd
1642:1st
1519:4th
1514:3rd
1509:2nd
1504:1st
1233:doi
571:in
555:or
483:'s
479:In
373:hay
338:In
280:of
2862::
1403:-
1394:-
1279:.
1247:.
1239:.
1231:.
1221:47
1219:.
1112::
1108:,
1104:.
1049:^
1032:.
1003:^
851:^
841:.
815:.
804:.
793:^
776:.
738:^
695:^
685:.
657:^
583:A
428::
288:,
234:.
137:,
133:,
101:,
97:,
74:,
70:,
2839:/
2830:/
2817:/
2808:/
2795:/
2782:/
2769:/
2760:/
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2628:(
2592:e
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1941:(
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1436:t
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1356:.
1335:.
1318:.
1304:.
1290:.
1255:.
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1176:.
1151:.
1126:.
1070:.
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761:.
623:.
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66:(
31:.
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