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36:
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390:, there were concerns about the lack of piety at such events. While it was officially ordered that the entire congregation attend, bishops began urging their priests to invite only older and more pious men. This, they believed, would stop the drunken revelry. Royal Injunctions concerning the practice were reinterpreted to restrict and regulate participants of the festivities.
302:
texts from the 13th and 15th centuries show that the dragon was eventually moved to the rear of the procession on the vigil of the
Ascension, with the lion taking the place at the front. Illustrations of the procession from the early 16th century show that the arrangements had been changed yet again,
255:
and pray for its protection in the forthcoming year. This was also known in the northern parts of
England as 'Gang-day' or 'gan week', after the old English name for going or walking. This was also a feature of the original Roman festival, when revellers would walk to a grove five miles from the city
287:
text regarding
Rogation Days is dated from around 1173 to 1220. In it, celebrations in the south of England are described, in which processions were led by members of the congregation carrying banners which represented various biblical characters. At the head of the procession was the dragon,
352:
103 and 104 were sung, and people were reminded of the curses the Bible ascribed to those who violated agricultural boundaries. The processions were not mandatory, but were at the discretion of the local minister, and were also ascribed more importance when a public right of way needed to be
383:, a volume containing officially sanctioned homilies of the Elizabethan church, it was made clear that the English Rogation was to remember town and other communal boundaries in a social and historical context, with extra emphasis on the stability gained from lawful boundary lines.
443:. Their observance in the Latin Church subsequently declined, but the observance has revived somewhat since Pope John Paul II allowed Rogation days as a permitted, but not mandated, observance. For those Catholics who continue to celebrate Mass according to the
296:. After this there would be images of saints carried by the rest of the congregation. Many torches were present at each procession, weighing between 42 lb (19 kg) and 27 lbs (12 kg), which were bought by the church and parishioners jointly.
260:(1633), speaking of the birch tree, mentions another name: Cross-week: "It serveth well to the decking up of houses and banquetting-rooms, for places of pleasure, and for beautifying of streets in the Crosse or Gang Week, and such like."
455:
The new, Protestant version of the
Rogation days became such a fixture in Church life that the tradition was carried over to the English churches across the British Empire, including to the Americas by British colonists in Bermuda,
1364:
386:
For years after
Rogation Days were recognized, the manner in which they were observed in reality was very different from the official decree. Even before religious sensibilities turned towards the
35:
348:
priests were encouraged to bring their congregations together for inter-parish processions. At specific intervals, clerics were to remind their congregations to be thankful for their harvests.
268:
194:, at which a dog was sacrificed to propitiate Robigus, the deity of agricultural disease. The practitioners observing Robigalia asked Robigus for protection of their crops from
1357:
229:
1350:
318:, Rogation processions were used as a way to assist crop yields, with a notable number of the celebrations taking place in 1543 when there were prolonged rains.
329:'s holdings within the country, liturgical ceremonies were not officially condoned or recognized as an official part of worship. However, in the reign of Queen
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1126:
755:
A critical and practical elucidation of the Book of common prayer, and administration of the sacraments, and other rites and ceremonies of the Church
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472:, and in Anglican Provinces around the world. Although early Rogation celebrations were associated with rural life, agriculture and fishing, the
1961:
1917:
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are worn at the rogation litany and its associated Mass, regardless of what colour is worn at the ordinary liturgies of the day.
1967:
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for commerce and industry and the stewardship of creation, as well as a fruitful season, and rubrics were added for their use.
164:, meaning "to ask", which reflects the beseeching of God for the appeasement of his anger and for protection from calamities.
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The reform of the
Liturgical Calendar for Roman Catholics in 1969 delegated the establishment of Rogation Days, along with
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418:, were times when begging was "legitimate" for the period of celebration. Though not widely celebrated in the modern
210:
1465:
829:
Liszka, Thomas R. (2002). "The Dragon in the "South
English Legendary": Judas, Pilate, and the "A(1)" Redaction".
2315:
2099:
1767:
1762:
1598:
996:
Zika, Charles (1988). "Hosts, Processions and
Pilgrimages: Controlling the Sacred in Fifteenth-Century Germany".
257:
233:
20:
1128:
Religious
Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations
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Plagues, Priests, and Demons: Sacred
Narratives and the Rise of Christianity in the Old World and the New
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1027:
Stilgoe, John R. (1976). "Jack·o'·lanterns to Surveyors: The Secularization of Landscape Boundaries".
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375:, besought the church explicitly to label the tradition as a perambulation of the parish boundaries (
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or earlier, the Rogation Days are still kept, unless a higher ranking feast would occur on the day.
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The marches would follow prescribed routes, with York and Coventry being unique in their following
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1207:(3). Cambridge University Press on behalf of the American Society of Church History: 541–568.
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1035:(1). Forest History Society and American Society for Environmental History: 14–16 and 18–30.
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is celebrated on the 5th Sunday after Easter (also known as the 6th Sunday of Easter) in the
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falling on 25 April, the major rogation is transferred to the Tuesday after Easter (cf.
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Beasley, Nicholas M. (2007). "Ritual Time in British Plantation Colonies, 1650-1780".
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Cook, Albert Stanburrough (1926). "Augustine's Journey from Rome to Richborough".
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imagery or icons were banned from the processions. The then Archdeacon of Essex,
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Woodcut illustration of Pre-Reformation processional order, c. early 16th century
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penned a piece to capture the mood of the celebrations before their repression:
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Davenport, Edwin (1996). "Elizabethan England's Other Reformation of Manners".
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Reynolds, Roger E. (2000). "The Drama of Medieval Liturgical Processions".
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682:
Burriss, Eli Edward (1928). "Some Survivals of Magic in Roman Religion".
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874:"Some Account of Ancient Churchwarden Accounts of St. Michael's, Bath"
690:(2). The Classical Association of the Middle West and South: 112–123.
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A common feature of Rogation days in former times was the ceremony of
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Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday preceding Ascension Thursday (Minor)
360:. On other routes, altars were erected at certain locations where
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in the universal calendar which do not normally fall on a Sunday.
379:), further to distance it from the Catholic liturgy. In the book
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2012:
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Brand, John; Ellis, Henry; Hazlitt, William Carew, eds. (1905).
214:
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The Rogation Day ceremonies are thought to have arrived in the
217:
during the 7th century, it was not officially adopted into the
1241:
468:. Rogation days continue as an optional observance in the
201:
The minor Rogation days were introduced around AD 470 by
774:"Painful Places: Ritual Encounters with One's Homelands"
651:
A Table of the Movaeble Feasts, www.churchofengland.org
340:
Rogation processions continued in the post-Reformation
1072:"Begging on the Streets of Eighteenth-Century London"
403:
Where (though thou see'st not) thou may'st think upon
228:
The faithful typically observed the Rogation days by
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rogations are held on Monday to Wednesday preceding
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1292:. Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1158:General Norms for the Liturgical Year and Calendar
781:The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
669:, published 5 May 2018, accessed 24 September 2023
596:Catholic Customs & Traditions: A Popular Guide
593:
333:the celebrations were explicitly mentioned in the
292:, which would be followed by a lion, representing
16:Days of prayer and fasting in Western Christianity
813:
667:Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran Church, Terre Haute
337:, allowing them to resume as public processions.
213:in 511, and though the practice was spreading in
353:protected from agricultural or other expansion.
537:of 1960, no. 80); this will next occur in 2038.
422:, the holiday is still observed in some areas.
396:
19:"Rogation" redirects here. For other uses, see
1316:1985, p. 502 (about the rogation days in
913:
911:
909:
907:
186:The Christian major rogation replaced a pagan
1358:
251:, would proceed around the boundary of their
134:. They are observed with processions and the
8:
1272:Brand's popular antiquities of Great Britain
878:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
564:. Cambridge University Press. p. 100.
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2017:
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40:Blessing the Fields on Rogation Sunday at
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174:tradition. This day is also known in the
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1131:. Vol. 1. Abc-Clio. p. 749.
640:Rogation Days: A Rookie Anglican Guide
600:. Twenty-Third Publications. pp.
405:Me, when you yearly go'st Procession.
1253:"Rogation Days", The Episcopal Church
325:, the Crown having taken much of the
7:
1242:Book of Common Prayer (Online), p.18
410:In London, Rogation Days, just like
401:Under that Holy-oak, or Gospel Tree
2365:All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve
2359:All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day
1814:All Saints' Eve / All Hallows' Eve
1808:All Saints' Day / All Hallows' Day
872:Pearson, Charles Buchanan (1878).
303:this time also showing bearers of
142:rogation is held on 25 April; the
130:are days of prayer and fasting in
14:
2474:
1464:
1286:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.).
1125:Melton, J. Gordon (2011-09-13).
490:
232:in preparation to celebrate the
814:Brand, Ellis & Hazlitt 1905
1180:Our Lady of Guadalupe Seminary
445:General Roman Calendar of 1960
1:
1338:Catholic Encyclopedia article
344:much as they had before, and
1773:Nativity of John the Baptist
529:In the rare circumstance of
178:tradition as Rogate Sunday.
2523:
2481:Catholic Church portal
1280:Mershman, Francis (1912).
1079:Journal of British Studies
772:Houseman, Michael (1998).
18:
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314:During the reign of King
33:
21:Rogation (disambiguation)
1539:Presentation of the Lord
558:Reff, Daniel T. (2005).
256:to perform their rites.
2426:holy days of obligation
2338:Exaltation of the Cross
1962:Octave Day of Christmas
1802:Exaltation of the Cross
1310:Lingua e cultura ladina
1070:Hitchcock, Tim (2005).
752:Shepherd, John (1801).
69:Fasting and processions
2299:Saint John the Baptist
663:What is Rogate Sunday?
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381:Second Tome of Homelys
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230:fasting and abstinence
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2305:Saints Peter and Paul
2211:Sundays after Easter
1918:Immaculate Conception
1779:Saints Peter and Paul
1450:Immaculate Conception
1289:Catholic Encyclopedia
1283:"Rogation Days"
1176:"Liturgical Calendar"
1006:10.1093/past/118.1.25
932:10.1353/elh.1996.0015
684:The Classical Journal
474:Book of Common Prayer
441:episcopal conferences
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2377:Presentation of Mary
2003:Purification of Mary
1826:Presentation of Mary
1029:Environmental Review
963:Revue de Musicologie
758:. Oxford University.
321:During the reign of
280:in the 7th century.
264:In the British Isles
190:procession known as
182:Christian beginnings
136:Litany of the Saints
132:Western Christianity
2394:Ordinary Procession
1998:Baptism of the Lord
1692:Divine Mercy Sunday
1521:Baptism of the Lord
1508:Mary, Mother of God
592:Dues, Greg (1993).
498:Christianity portal
221:until the reign of
103:25 April; 26–28 May
87:25 April; 15–17 May
2454:Liturgical colours
1968:Holy Name of Jesus
1308:Vito Pallabazzer:
998:Past & Present
377:beating the bounds
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245:beating the bounds
211:Council of Orleans
148:Ascension Thursday
120:Ascension Thursday
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2348:Maternity of Mary
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2088:Spring Ember Days
1929:Winter Ember Days
1843:
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1839:
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1456:December 17 to 23
420:Church of England
373:Grindal of London
342:Church of England
335:royal reformation
283:The oldest known
125:
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95:25 April; 6–8 May
77:25 April (Major)
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2433:Older calendars
2333:Nativity of Mary
2264:Pentecost Season
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1201:Church History
1191:
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1091:10.1086/429704
1085:(3): 478–498.
1062:
1019:
1000:(118): 25–64.
988:
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969:(1): 127–142.
953:
926:(2): 255–278.
903:
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843:10.1086/493149
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787:(3): 447–467.
761:
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2247:Rogation Days
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2192:Easter Season
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2178:
2177:Holy Saturday
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2064:
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2058:Ash Wednesday
2056:
2055:
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2041:
2040:Quinquagesima
2038:
2036:
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2031:
2028:
2027:
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2023:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2001:
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1991:
1989:
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1954:Christmas Eve
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1649:Holy Saturday
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1557:Ash Wednesday
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1531:Ordinary Time
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1391:Ordinary Form
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628:Mershman 1912
624:
621:
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611:9780896225152
607:
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584:
582:
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571:9781139442787
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531:Easter Sunday
526:
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358:royal entries
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324:
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288:representing
286:
281:
279:
278:British Isles
270:
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128:Rogation days
121:
118:
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110:
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90:
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76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
37:
32:
29:Rogation days
27:
22:
2507:Latin Church
2469:Easter cycle
2421:
2398:Roman Ritual
2357:
2325:
2303:
2294:Sacred Heart
2286:
2251:
2246:
2182:Easter Vigil
2100:Annunciation
2094:Saint Joseph
2092:
2030:Septuagesima
1985:
1960:
1946:
1916:
1862:Latin Church
1806:
1789:
1777:
1763:Sacred Heart
1755:
1725:
1654:Easter Vigil
1599:Annunciation
1593:Saint Joseph
1591:
1513:
1506:
1482:
1448:
1399:Latin Church
1309:
1306:(in Italian)
1287:
1271:
1248:
1237:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1183:. Retrieved
1179:
1170:
1164:, p. 11
1157:
1153:Pope Paul VI
1147:
1127:
1082:
1078:
1065:
1032:
1028:
1022:
997:
991:
966:
962:
956:
923:
919:
881:
877:
867:
837:(1): 50–59.
834:
830:
809:
784:
780:
754:
747:
714:
710:
704:
687:
683:
666:
661:Sutton, J.,
657:
646:
635:
623:
615:
595:
560:
553:
525:
454:
434:
409:
398:
385:
380:
366:
355:
339:
320:
313:
298:
282:
275:
242:
227:
225:(died 816).
223:Pope Leo III
200:
185:
167:
166:
151:
143:
139:
127:
126:
2422:Italic font
2172:Good Friday
2160:Chrism Mass
2123:Palm Sunday
2110:Passiontide
1993:Holy Family
1912:Rorate Mass
1644:Good Friday
1632:Chrism Mass
1604:Palm Sunday
1502:Holy Family
884:: 309–329.
388:puritanical
364:were sung.
331:Elizabeth I
305:reliquaries
150:. The word
66:Observances
42:Hever, Kent
2502:Eastertide
2496:Categories
2447:Tridentine
2327:Assumption
2316:Visitation
2035:Sexagesima
1858:Roman Rite
1791:Assumption
1768:Visitation
1395:Roman Rite
1185:2021-05-12
616:Robigalia.
545:References
506:Ember days
437:Ember Days
316:Henry VIII
219:Roman rite
196:wheat rust
53:Christians
2272:Pentecost
2253:Ascension
2128:Holy Week
1948:Christmas
1733:Pentecost
1727:Ascension
1609:Holy Week
1484:Christmas
1229:164181942
1057:147330346
948:162365937
859:161491639
739:162451684
439:, to the
362:antiphons
249:choirboys
238:vestments
234:Ascension
192:Robigalia
108:Frequency
2464:Computus
2442:pre-1955
2150:Tenebrae
2062:Sundays
2022:Pre-Lent
1987:Epiphany
1886:Sundays
1683:Sundays
1561:Sundays
1515:Epiphany
1423:Sundays
1221:27645033
940:30030221
711:Speculum
484:See also
462:Barbados
451:Anglican
431:Catholic
416:Hocktide
346:Anglican
203:Mamertus
176:Lutheran
172:Anglican
152:rogation
2459:Ranking
1860:of the
1856:of the
1397:of the
1393:of the
1376:of the
1314:Belluno
1262:Sources
1100:2299/33
1049:3984295
898:3677891
851:1215582
801:3034156
731:2847160
696:3289524
511:Triduum
478:propers
458:Jamaica
309:incense
44:in 1967
2418:Legend
2389:Legend
2205:Octave
1879:Advent
1677:Octave
1416:Advent
1227:
1219:
1135:
1109:429704
1107:
1055:
1047:
1014:650830
1012:
983:947285
981:
946:
938:
896:
857:
849:
799:
737:
729:
694:
608:
568:
412:Easter
350:Psalms
327:Church
294:Christ
253:parish
161:rogare
111:annual
61:Violet
1225:S2CID
1217:JSTOR
1162:(PDF)
1105:JSTOR
1075:(PDF)
1053:S2CID
1045:JSTOR
1010:JSTOR
979:JSTOR
944:S2CID
936:JSTOR
894:JSTOR
855:S2CID
847:JSTOR
797:JSTOR
777:(PDF)
735:S2CID
727:JSTOR
692:JSTOR
517:Notes
300:Sarum
285:Sarum
188:Roman
158:verb
156:Latin
144:minor
140:major
2437:1955
2392:P =
2050:Lent
2013:Lent
1549:Lent
1133:ISBN
606:ISBN
566:ISBN
367:Any
307:and
215:Gaul
74:Date
2240:6th
2235:5th
2230:4th
2225:3rd
2220:2nd
2215:1st
2081:4th
2076:3rd
2071:2nd
2066:1st
1905:4th
1900:3rd
1895:2nd
1890:1st
1719:7th
1714:6th
1709:5th
1704:4th
1699:3rd
1687:2nd
1585:5th
1580:4th
1575:3rd
1570:2nd
1565:1st
1442:4th
1437:3rd
1432:2nd
1427:1st
1312:,
1209:doi
1095:hdl
1087:doi
1037:doi
1002:doi
971:doi
928:doi
920:ELH
886:doi
839:doi
835:100
789:doi
719:doi
414:or
2498::
1223:.
1215:.
1205:76
1203:.
1178:.
1155:,
1117:^
1103:.
1093:.
1083:44
1081:.
1077:.
1051:.
1043:.
1031:.
1008:.
977:.
967:86
965:.
942:.
934:.
924:63
922:.
906:^
892:.
880:.
876:.
853:.
845:.
833:.
821:^
795:.
783:.
779:.
764:^
733:.
725:.
713:.
688:24
686:.
674:^
665:,
614:.
604:.
602:39
580:^
460:,
311:.
205:,
198:.
1868:)
1864:(
1405:)
1401:(
1366:e
1359:t
1352:v
1320:)
1275:.
1231:.
1211::
1188:.
1141:.
1111:.
1097::
1089::
1059:.
1039::
1033:1
1016:.
1004::
985:.
973::
950:.
930::
900:.
888::
882:7
861:.
841::
816:.
803:.
791::
785:4
741:.
721::
715:1
698:.
630:.
574:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
