1897:
2575:
2548:
2650:
2487:
2678:
1850:
2060:
1557:
1684:
142:
1599:
2269:
2159:
2739:
2707:
1744:
2595:
2099:
2521:
1930:, staying below a depth of 200 m (660 ft) during the day and ascending into shallower water at night to feed. Typically measuring only 1 m (3.3 ft) in length, the crocodile shark is the smallest living mackerel shark. It can be distinguished by its elongated, cigar-shaped body, extremely large eyes, and relatively small fins. Substantial numbers are caught as
1960:
1882:. They grow up to 10 feet in adult length. The body tends to be brown in color with dark markings in the upper half. These markings disappear as they mature. Their needle-like teeth are highly adapted for impaling fish, their main prey. Their teeth are long, narrow, and very sharp with smooth edges, with one and on occasion two smaller cusplets on either side.
1797:
118:
2760:
1728:
has a few or less distinct keels. The teeth are gigantic. The fifth gill opening is in front of the pectoral fin and spiracles are sometimes absent. They are heavily built sharks, sometimes weighing nearly twice as much as sharks of comparable length from other families. Many in the family are
2908:
Donley, Jeanine M.; Sepulveda, Chugey A.; Aalbers, Scott A.; McGillivray, David G.; Syme, Douglas A.; Bernal, Diego (2012-04-13). "Effects of temperature on power output and contraction kinetics in the locomotor muscle of the regionally endothermic common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus)".
2963:
Shimada, Kenshu; Becker, Martin A.; Griffiths, Michael L. (2021-11-02). "Body, jaw, and dentition lengths of macrophagous lamniform sharks, and body size evolution in
Lamniformes with special reference to 'off-the-scale' gigantism of the megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon".
1782:. It is distinctive for its large head with rubbery lips. It is so unlike any other type of shark that it is classified in its own family, though it may belong in the family Cetorhinidae of which the basking shark is currently the sole member.
2461:
showing relationships within
Lamniformes. The topology of extant families is based on Vella & Vella (2020) and the placements of Cretoxyrhinidae and Otodontidae are based on Ferrón (2017), Cooper (2020), and Greenfield (2022).
1724:. Mackerel sharks have pointed snouts, spindle-shaped bodies, and gigantic gill openings. The first dorsal fin is large, high, stiff and angular or somewhat rounded. The second dorsal and anal fins are minute. The
1773:
known to have been caught or sighted as of 2012, including three recordings on film. Like the basking shark and whale shark, it is a filter feeder, and swims with its enormous mouth wide open, filtering water for
398:, shares the distinctive tooth histology of most lamniform sharks, which lack orthodentine, and is thus considered either the oldest lamniform or a sister group to all lamniforms. Lamniformes underwent a major
3007:
Jambura, Patrick L.; Kindlimann, René; López-Romero, Faviel; Marramà, Giuseppe; Pfaff, Cathrin; Stumpf, Sebastian; Türtscher, Julia; Underwood, Charlie J.; Ward, David J.; Kriwet, Jürgen (2019-07-04).
1645:
with a greatly enlarged mouth, which cruises leisurely over huge distances covering three miles every hour. During each of those hours, it strains about 1.5 million L of water through more than 5,000
362:, and a mouth extending behind the eyes. Species in two families of Lamniformes – Lamnidae and Alopiidae – are distinguished for maintaining a higher body temperature than the surrounding waters.
2014:, which contains at least 16 species of large (up to 10 metres (33 ft) in length) sharks with a specialised crushing dentition, known from the late Early to Late Cretaceous found worldwide.
1821:-shaped, beak-like snout, much longer than those of other sharks. The snout contains sensory organs to detect the electrical signals given off by the shark's prey. They also possess long,
3630:
5031:
4897:
1770:
3009:"Micro-computed tomography imaging reveals the development of a unique tooth mineralization pattern in mackerel sharks (Chondrichthyes; Lamniformes) in deep time"
1939:
4936:
3805:
418:, which have evolved into medium and large body sizes during the same timeframe. The causes of the decline are uncertain, but are likely to have involved both
3106:"Skeletal remains of the oldest known pseudocoracid shark Pseudocorax kindlimanni sp. nov. (Chondrichthyes, Lamniformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Lebanon"
3076:"The Late Jurassic shark Palaeocarcharias (Elasmobranchii, Selachimorpha) – functional morphology of teeth, dermal cephalic lobes and phylogenetic position"
406:
and became prominent elements of oceanic ecosystems. They reached their highest diversity during the Late
Cretaceous, but severely declined during the
1350:
3831:
4871:
4109:
3075:
4910:
414:. Lamniformes have severely declined over the last 20 million years, with only 15 species alive today, compared to over 290 extant species in the
4011:
867:
495:
1219:
1179:
460:
445:
3941:
Mikael
Siverson (1999). "A new large lamniform shark from the uppermost Gearle Siltstone (Cenomanian, Late Cretaceous) of Western Australia".
1306:
4300:
4066:
3993:
479:
1256:
919:
663:
512:
1289:
971:
935:
5036:
643:
984:
4040:
3761:
3781:
4998:
5041:
1829:
with an unusually long nose. Goblin sharks include one living genus and three extinct genera. The only known living species is
861:
1148:
4915:
4923:
903:
430:
The order
Lamniformes includes 10 families with 22 species, with a total of seven living families and 15 living species:
4102:
828:
2574:
2326:
A Late
Jurassic shark considered one of the closest relatives to the Lamniformes, alternately placed in its own order.
1896:
4819:
4806:
473:
1577:
are large sharks found in temperate and tropical oceans around the world. The common name refers to its distinctive,
141:
2861:
Pimiento, Catalina; Cantalapiedra, Juan L.; Shimada, Kenshu; Field, Daniel J.; Smaers, Jeroen B. (24 January 2019).
4941:
3906:
Mikael
Siverson; Marcin Machalski (2017). "Late late Albian (Early Cretaceous) shark teeth from Annopol, Poland".
4293:
1632:
2834:
2649:
2547:
843:
812:
506:
2486:
824:
4095:
3585:
2373:
2364:
1927:
965:
705:
669:
3277:
Bazzi, Mohamad; Campione, Nicolás E.; Kear, Benjamin P.; Pimiento, Catalina; Ahlberg, Per E. (2021-12-06).
3212:"An Analytical Approach for Estimating Fossil Record and Diversification Events in Sharks, Skates and Rays"
4746:
3861:
3835:
929:
419:
3493:
680:
4972:
4675:
1870:
are so-called because they inhabit sandy shorelines, and are often seen trolling the ocean floor in the
1344:
1277:
885:
657:
3432:
4990:
4824:
4008:
5026:
4951:
4845:
4793:
4286:
3717:
3535:
3447:
3339:
3223:
3168:
3020:
873:
607:
359:
5003:
2677:
2059:
4498:
4058:
4052:
3985:
2838:
1831:
911:
489:
4082:
4702:
4507:
3958:
3923:
3608:
3192:
2989:
2942:
2890:
2315:
2306:
1887:
1669:
has reduced its populations to the point where some have disappeared and others need protection.
1654:
1192:
1152:
1144:
1080:
1057:
1046:
961:
924:
399:
136:
1849:
4977:
1874:. They are found in warm or temperate waters throughout the world's oceans, except the eastern
1556:
369:, generally of medium-large size, including the largest macropredatory shark ever, the extinct
4959:
4832:
4684:
4474:
4207:
4062:
4036:
3989:
3757:
3695:
3563:
3475:
3431:
Frederickson, Joseph A.; Schaefer, Scott N.; Doucette-Frederickson, Janessa A. (3 June 2015).
3375:
3357:
3308:
3300:
3259:
3241:
3184:
3127:
3056:
3038:
2981:
2934:
2926:
2882:
1709:
1294:
1115:
851:
415:
332:
125:
4784:
4048:
3977:
2080:
shark with incredibly long, winglike pectoral fins, giving it a superficial resemblance to a
4902:
4712:
4651:
4382:
3950:
3915:
3685:
3675:
3600:
3553:
3543:
3465:
3455:
3411:
3365:
3347:
3290:
3249:
3231:
3210:
Guinot, Guillaume; Adnet, Sylvain; Cappetta, Henri (2012-09-05). MacKenzie, Brian R. (ed.).
3176:
3135:
3117:
3083:
3046:
3028:
2973:
2918:
2874:
2644:
2425:
2414:
2117:
2105:
2089:
1919:
1826:
1666:
1598:
1359:
1248:
1068:
468:
389:
371:
270:
4964:
3087:
1683:
4721:
4577:
4400:
4391:
4245:
4015:
2570:
2398:
2389:
2352:
2340:
2331:
2217:
2177:
2165:
2149:
2031:
2022:
1935:
1915:
1903:
1762:
1750:
1725:
1717:
1662:
1628:
1627:, and the second of three plankton-eating sharks, the other two being the whale shark and
1420:
1338:
1325:
1315:
1171:
1161:
1140:
1091:
1035:
584:
500:
484:
407:
340:
316:
1300:
3539:
3451:
3343:
3227:
3172:
3157:"Diversification of the Neoselachii (Chondrichthyes) during the Jurassic and Cretaceous"
3024:
1822:
4632:
4595:
4373:
4347:
4341:
4197:
4177:
4160:
4119:
3690:
3659:
3558:
3523:
3470:
3398:
Kriwet, Jürgen; Klug, Stefanie; Canudo, José I.; Cuenca-Bescos, Gloria (October 2008).
3370:
3327:
3254:
3211:
3140:
3105:
3051:
3008:
2516:
2482:
2438:
2234:
2225:
2065:
2051:
1997:
1990:
1840:
1787:
1701:
1635:
1574:
1563:
1506:
1188:
948:
573:
525:
455:
441:
366:
193:
183:
3524:"Regional endothermy as a trigger for gigantism in some extinct macropredatory sharks"
2862:
2738:
2706:
2268:
2158:
1769:
sharks. Since its discovery in 1976, only a few megamouth sharks have been seen, with
5020:
4558:
4437:
4150:
3962:
3927:
3857:
3777:
3713:
3612:
3416:
3399:
2993:
2673:
2205:
2196:
1766:
1734:
1658:
1642:
1616:
1604:
1433:
1283:
1269:
857:
651:
638:
629:
625:
107:
70:
4798:
4030:
3328:"Climate cooling and clade competition likely drove the decline of lamniform sharks"
3196:
2894:
4811:
4614:
4531:
4418:
4230:
4202:
4182:
4087:
3660:"The complete mitogenome of the Critically Endangered smalltooth sand tiger shark,
2946:
2701:
2594:
2356:
2182:
1966:
1950:
1814:
1803:
1743:
1721:
1590:
1497:
1490:
1475:
1464:
1453:
1442:
1428:
1330:
1211:
956:
521:
384:
336:
226:
3919:
3736:
3680:
3122:
2977:
4837:
3548:
3460:
3236:
4928:
4884:
4778:
4605:
4465:
4278:
4259:
4192:
3882:
3156:
2733:
2286:
2274:
2260:
2247:
2122:
2098:
2077:
1979:
1926:
waters from the surface to a depth of 590 m (1,940 ft). It performs a
1624:
1387:
1376:
1366:
1201:
1104:
993:
838:
739:
731:
592:
564:
548:
539:
422:
factors like competition and non-biotic factors like temperature and sea level.
377:
241:
206:
45:
3033:
2520:
1765:
is an extremely rare species of deepwater shark, and the smallest of the three
1708:, are large, fast-swimming sharks, found in oceans worldwide. They include the
4666:
4642:
4568:
4428:
4335:
4240:
4144:
3954:
3295:
3278:
2922:
2590:
2543:
2290:
2188:
2133:
1879:
1867:
1856:
1646:
1582:
1264:
1238:
1228:
1008:
797:
789:
781:
773:
765:
757:
749:
721:
713:
531:
403:
347:
90:
55:
4769:
3361:
3304:
3245:
3188:
3131:
3042:
2985:
2930:
4858:
4540:
4363:
4187:
3631:"List of skeletal material from megatooth sharks (Lamniformes, Otodontidae)"
3352:
2719:
2458:
2298:
2137:
2081:
2010:
1959:
1871:
1779:
1547:
1514:
1408:
1126:
976:
808:
556:
411:
153:
95:
3699:
3604:
3567:
3479:
3379:
3312:
3263:
3060:
2938:
2886:
3433:"A Gigantic Shark from the Lower Cretaceous Duck Creek Formation of Texas"
1796:
17:
4763:
4455:
4329:
4323:
4267:
4222:
4138:
4132:
3866:
3790:
3722:
2755:
2294:
2128:
1923:
1775:
1690:
1674:
1650:
1399:
1000:
820:
395:
351:
328:
173:
85:
80:
65:
60:
50:
2759:
1641:, found in all the world's temperate oceans. It is generally a harmless
331:). It includes some of the most familiar species of sharks, such as the
117:
4235:
2252:
1931:
1875:
1638:
693:
100:
75:
3752:
Stevens, J.; Last, P.R. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.).
3400:"A new Early Cretaceous lamniform shark (Chondrichthyes, Neoselachii)"
2878:
1977:
Contains 4 genera of shark from the mid-Late
Cretaceous, most notably
4889:
4489:
3326:
Condamine, Fabien L.; Romieu, Jules; Guinot, Guillaume (2019-10-08).
3104:
Jambura, Patrick L.; Stumpf, Sebastian; Kriwet, Jürgen (2021-09-01).
2141:
1818:
1713:
1578:
1019:
898:
163:
4740:
3180:
3074:
Landemaine, Olivier; Thies, Detlev; Waschkewitz, Jens (2018-11-01).
4876:
4863:
878:
Ehret, Macfadden, Jones, Devries, Foster & Salas-Gismondi, 2012
4985:
4522:
4353:
4169:
2443:
2076:
Tentatively assigned to
Lamniformes; an extremely unusual, likely
943:
410:, before rebounding to a high but lower diversity peak during the
320:
216:
2384:
Known throughout the
Cretaceous, possible Paleogene occurrence.
1620:
355:
4744:
4282:
4091:
3943:
Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences
300:
4850:
294:
3279:"Feeding ecology has shaped the evolution of modern sharks"
2863:"Evolutionary pathways toward gigantism in sharks and rays"
2301:(pictured), the largest shark ever, belongs to this group.
4032:
Sharks of the World: Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks
3653:
3651:
1825:
jaws. When the jaws are retracted, the shark resembles a
346:
Members of the order are distinguished by possessing two
288:
279:
1585:
which can be as long as the body of the shark itself.
2409:
7 species worldwide, known from the Late Cretaceous.
2084:, which it likely had a similar ecological niche to.
303:
291:
285:
3908:
Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology
276:
4753:
4710:
4701:
4664:
4640:
4631:
4603:
4594:
4566:
4557:
4520:
4487:
4463:
4454:
4426:
4417:
4371:
4362:
4258:
4221:
4168:
4159:
297:
282:
273:
3624:
3622:
3494:"20-Foot Monster Shark Once Trolled Mesozoic Seas"
3881:Bigelow, Henry B.; Schroeder, William C. (1953).
327:(which may also refer specifically to the family
3332:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3579:
3577:
3517:
3515:
1940:International Union for Conservation of Nature
1918:family. It is a specialized inhabitant of the
4294:
4103:
335:, as well as less familiar ones, such as the
8:
4741:
4707:
4637:
4600:
4563:
4460:
4423:
4368:
4301:
4287:
4279:
4165:
4110:
4096:
4088:
3887:. United States Government Printing Office
2058:
116:
31:
5032:Extant Early Cretaceous first appearances
4246:Myliobatiformes (stingrays and relatives)
4009:Greenpeace International Seafood Red list
3830:National Geographic (10 September 2010).
3756:. San Diego: Academic Press. p. 63.
3742:, 13 March 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
3689:
3679:
3557:
3547:
3469:
3459:
3415:
3404:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
3369:
3351:
3294:
3253:
3235:
3139:
3121:
3050:
3032:
2042:Contains a single Late Cretaceous genus,
1523:
4178:Hexanchiformes (frilled and cow sharks)
4035:Volume 2, FAO Species Catalogue, Rome.
2853:
1176:Taylor, Compagno & Struhsaker, 1983
1166:Taylor, Compagno & Struhsaker, 1983
2297:, and reached huge sizes. The species
383:The small ~1 metre (3.3 ft) long
3834:. National Geographic. Archived from
3393:
3391:
3389:
7:
4991:03A3DB49-C04F-B820-82E7-C066FE347817
4952:575f3639-3e66-4c49-a8ae-fc7bf79defde
4241:Rajiformes (skates and guitarfishes)
3155:Underwood, Charlie J. (March 2006).
3099:
3097:
2958:
2956:
4198:Heterodontiformes (bullhead sharks)
2725:
2693:
2666:
2637:
2563:
2536:
2509:
2502:
2475:
2465:
2436:Represented only by the Cretaceous
2245:Represented only by the Cretaceous
1878:. Sand sharks have a large second
1653:. Basking sharks have long been a
1423:(extinct, Late Cretaceous period)
1362:(extinct, Late Cretaceous period)
833:(mackerel sharks or white sharks)
708:(extinct, Late Cretaceous period)
25:
4208:Carcharhiniformes (ground sharks)
2351:5 species in two genera from the
1729:among the fastest-swimming fish.
4203:Orectolobiformes (carpet sharks)
3417:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00410.x
3088:10.1127/0375-0442/2018/0000/0085
2911:Fish Physiology and Biochemistry
2758:
2737:
2705:
2676:
2648:
2593:
2573:
2546:
2519:
2485:
2267:
2157:
2097:
1958:
1895:
1848:
1795:
1742:
1682:
1597:
1555:
269:
140:
4231:Torpediniformes (electric rays)
1934:, leading it to be assessed as
394:known from the Middle and Late
4188:Pristiophoriformes (sawsharks)
3664:(Lamniformes: Odontaspididae)"
1:
4213:Lamniformes (mackerel sharks)
4193:Squatiniformes (angel sharks)
4183:Squaliformes (dogfish sharks)
3920:10.1080/03115518.2017.1282981
3681:10.1080/23802359.2020.1814886
3658:Vella, N.; Vella, A. (2020).
3123:10.1016/j.cretres.2021.104842
3080:Palaeontographica Abteilung A
2978:10.1080/08912963.2020.1812598
1619:is the second largest living
1509:(extinct, Cretaceous period)
999:(extinct, Late Cretaceous to
365:Members of the group include
3549:10.1371/journal.pone.0185185
3461:10.1371/journal.pone.0127162
3237:10.1371/journal.pone.0044632
2432:
2429:
2424:
2405:
2402:
2397:
2380:
2377:
2372:
2347:
2344:
2339:
2322:
2319:
2314:
2281:
2278:
2273:
2241:
2238:
2233:
2212:
2209:
2204:
2187:, a genus from the mid-Late
2172:
2169:
2164:
2112:
2109:
2104:
2072:
2069:
2064:
2038:
2035:
2030:
2004:
2001:
1996:
1973:
1970:
1965:
1910:
1907:
1902:
1863:
1860:
1855:
1810:
1807:
1802:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1611:
1608:
1603:
1570:
1567:
1562:
3884:Fishes of the Gulf of Maine
2845:) to its seafood red list.
2355:, previously classified in
1914:Only one species is in the
1657:fish, as a source of food,
1392:Siverson and Lindgren, 2005
1096:(Zhelezko and Kozlov, 1999)
583:? (eagle sharks) (extinct,
5058:
4268:Chimaeriformes (chimaeras)
3034:10.1038/s41598-019-46081-3
2435:
2408:
2383:
2350:
2325:
2284:
2244:
2215:
2175:
2115:
2041:
1913:
1866:
1813:
1760:
1700:
1614:
1573:
1469:Underwood and Cumbaa, 2010
1339:Pseudocarcharias kamoharai
5037:Cartilaginous fish orders
4318:
4127:
4047:Joseph S. Nelson (2006).
4029:Compagno, Leonard (2002)
3976:Joseph S. Nelson (2006).
3955:10.1017/S0263593300002509
3296:10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.028
2923:10.1007/s10695-012-9641-1
2753:
2730:
2723:
2698:
2691:
2671:
2664:
2642:
2635:
2588:
2568:
2561:
2541:
2534:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2480:
2473:
2289:lived from the early-mid
2180:includes the sole member
1817:have a distinctive long,
1465:Cretoxyrhina agassizensis
254:
249:
137:Scientific classification
135:
124:
115:
34:
4236:Pristiformes (sawfishes)
3860:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
3780:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
3716:; Pauly, Daniel (eds.).
3668:Mitochondrial DNA Part B
2835:Greenpeace International
2366:†Pseudoscapanorhynchidae
1454:Cretoxyrhina denticulata
1443:Cretoxyrhina vraconensis
1288:(smalltooth sand tiger)
1232:Müller & Henle, 1839
782:Protolamna compressidens
722:Eoptolamna eccentrolopha
41:Early Cretaceous–present
4676:Smalltooth sand tiger (
3870:. January 2009 version.
3862:"Family Odontaspididae"
3794:. October 2005 version.
3726:. October 2013 version.
3629:Greenfield, T. (2022).
3353:10.1073/pnas.1902693116
2829:Sustainable consumption
2374:Pseudoscapanorhynchidae
2308:†Palaeocarchariidae (?)
2132:, both genera from the
1928:diel vertical migration
1003:) (megatoothed sharks)
880:(Hubbell's white shark)
798:Protolamna roanokeensis
315:"fish of prey") are an
5042:Taxa named by Lev Berg
3754:Encyclopedia of Fishes
3605:10.1144/geosci2020-115
2136:which have existed in
1655:commercially important
852:Carcharodon carcharias
740:Leptostyrax macrorhiza
670:Cetorhinus huddlestoni
130:Carcharodon carcharias
4973:Paleobiology Database
4499:Shortfin mako shark (
3584:Cooper, J.A. (2020).
3522:Ferrón, H.G. (2017).
2216:An extinct family of
2008:Only a single genus,
1922:, found worldwide in
1476:Cretoxyrhina mantelli
886:Carcharodon caifassii
485:Alopias superciliosus
360:nictitating membranes
4508:Longfin mako shark (
3289:(23): 5138–5148.e4.
1305:(bigeye sand tiger)
1109:Shimada et al., 2016
874:Carcharodon hubbelli
866:(great white shark)
608:Aquilolamna milarcae
4685:Bigeye sand tiger (
4475:Great white shark (
4059:John Wiley and Sons
4054:Fishes of the World
4049:"Order Lamniformes"
3986:John Wiley and Sons
3982:Fishes of the World
3978:"Order Lamniformes"
3832:"Sand Tiger Sharks"
3784:Mitsukurina owstoni
3540:2017PLoSO..1285185F
3452:2015PLoSO..1027162F
3344:2019PNAS..11620584C
3338:(41): 20584–20590.
3228:2012PLoSO...744632G
3173:2006Pbio...32..215U
3110:Cretaceous Research
3025:2019NatSR...9.9652J
2839:shortfin mako shark
2053:†Aquilolamnidae (?)
1832:Mitsukurina owstoni
1661:, animal feed, and
1388:Cardabiodon venator
1295:Odontaspis noronhai
1255:(sand tiger shark)
1212:Mitsukurina owstoni
1172:Megachasma pelagios
790:Protolamna gigantea
766:Protolamna borodini
758:Protolamna sokolovi
681:Cetorhinus piersoni
478:(pelagic thresher)
4703:Pseudocarchariidae
4652:Sand tiger shark (
4383:Pelagic thresher (
4120:cartilaginous fish
4061:. pp. 57–60.
4014:2010-04-10 at the
3988:. pp. 57–60.
3718:"Family Alopiidae"
3013:Scientific Reports
2966:Historical Biology
2571:Pseudocarchariidae
2316:Palaeocarchariidae
2275:Megatoothed sharks
2046:, with 3 species.
1889:Pseudocarchariidae
1349:(crocodile shark)
1316:Pseudocarchariidae
1216:D. S. Jordan, 1898
1206:D. S. Jordan, 1898
1178:(megamouth shark)
1081:Otodus auriculatus
1058:Otodus chubutensis
1047:Otodus angustidens
981:(Bonnaterre, 1788)
774:Protolamna carteri
652:Cetorhinus maximus
511:(common thresher)
494:(bigeye thresher)
450:(thresher sharks)
400:adaptive radiation
323:commonly known as
5014:
5013:
4960:Open Tree of Life
4747:Taxon identifiers
4738:
4737:
4734:
4733:
4722:Crocodile shark (
4697:
4696:
4627:
4626:
4590:
4589:
4578:Megamouth shark (
4553:
4552:
4450:
4449:
4413:
4412:
4401:Common thresher (
4392:Bigeye thresher (
4276:
4275:
4254:
4253:
4170:Selachii (sharks)
4068:978-0-471-25031-9
3995:978-0-471-25031-9
3586:"Scaling a giant"
2972:(11): 2543–2559.
2879:10.1111/evo.13680
2843:Isurus oxyrinchus
2825:
2824:
2816:
2815:
2807:
2806:
2798:
2797:
2789:
2788:
2780:
2779:
2771:
2770:
2624:
2623:
2615:
2614:
2606:
2605:
2450:
2449:
2416:†Truyolsodontidae
2091:†Cardabiodontidae
1984:found worldwide.
1481:
1470:
1459:
1448:
1437:
1414:
1404:
1393:
1382:
1377:Cardabiodon ricki
1371:
1348:
1334:
1320:
1304:
1287:
1273:
1254:
1249:Carcharias taurus
1244:
1233:
1217:
1207:
1196:
1177:
1167:
1156:
1132:
1121:
1116:Palaeocarcharodon
1110:
1097:
1086:
1074:
1063:
1052:
1041:
1030:
1014:
998:
982:
969:
952:
933:
917:
912:Isurus oxyrinchus
907:
891:
879:
865:
847:
832:
816:
699:
686:
675:
661:
647:
633:
617:
602:
582:
529:
510:
493:
477:
469:Alopias pelagicus
464:
449:
416:Carcharhiniformes
376:as well as large
261:
260:
245:
126:Great white shark
16:(Redirected from
5049:
5007:
5006:
4994:
4993:
4981:
4980:
4968:
4967:
4955:
4954:
4945:
4944:
4932:
4931:
4929:NHMSYS0021053496
4919:
4918:
4906:
4905:
4893:
4892:
4880:
4879:
4867:
4866:
4854:
4853:
4841:
4840:
4828:
4827:
4815:
4814:
4802:
4801:
4789:
4788:
4787:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4742:
4713:Pseudocarcharias
4708:
4638:
4601:
4564:
4461:
4424:
4394:A. superciliosus
4369:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4280:
4166:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4089:
4072:
4057:(4th ed.).
4018:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3984:(4th ed.).
3973:
3967:
3966:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3903:
3897:
3896:
3894:
3892:
3878:
3872:
3871:
3854:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3806:"Mitsukurinidae"
3802:
3796:
3795:
3774:
3768:
3767:
3749:
3743:
3734:
3728:
3727:
3710:
3704:
3703:
3693:
3683:
3674:(3): 3301–3304.
3662:Odontaspis ferox
3655:
3646:
3645:
3635:
3626:
3617:
3616:
3590:
3581:
3572:
3571:
3561:
3551:
3519:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3505:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3473:
3463:
3437:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3395:
3384:
3383:
3373:
3355:
3323:
3317:
3316:
3298:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3257:
3239:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3152:
3146:
3145:
3143:
3125:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3054:
3036:
3004:
2998:
2997:
2960:
2951:
2950:
2917:(5): 1507–1519.
2905:
2899:
2898:
2858:
2762:
2742:
2741:
2726:
2709:
2694:
2680:
2667:
2653:
2652:
2638:
2597:
2577:
2564:
2550:
2537:
2523:
2510:
2503:
2489:
2476:
2466:
2426:Truyolsodontidae
2417:
2392:
2391:†Serratolamnidae
2367:
2334:
2333:†Pseudocoracidae
2309:
2271:
2263:
2228:
2199:
2162:
2161:
2152:
2151:†Cretoxyrhinidae
2118:Cardabiodontidae
2106:Cardabiodontidae
2102:
2101:
2092:
2062:
2054:
2025:
2021:
1963:
1962:
1953:
1949:
1920:mesopelagic zone
1904:Crocodile sharks
1900:
1899:
1890:
1853:
1852:
1843:
1827:grey nurse shark
1800:
1799:
1790:
1751:Megamouth sharks
1747:
1746:
1737:
1687:
1686:
1677:
1667:Overexploitation
1601:
1593:
1560:
1559:
1550:
1524:
1479:
1468:
1457:
1446:
1432:
1412:
1402:
1391:
1380:
1369:
1360:Cardabiodontidae
1342:
1329:
1326:Pseudocarcharias
1318:
1298:
1281:
1278:Odontaspis ferox
1268:
1253:Rafinesque, 1810
1252:
1243:Rafinesque, 1810
1242:
1231:
1215:
1205:
1191:
1175:
1165:
1143:
1130:
1119:
1108:
1095:
1084:
1072:
1069:Otodus megalodon
1061:
1050:
1039:
1028:
1012:
996:
980:
960:
947:
928:
918:(shortfin mako)
916:Rafinesque, 1810
915:
902:
889:
877:
855:
842:
823:
811:
697:
684:
673:
662:(basking shark)
655:
642:
628:
611:
596:
576:
524:
504:
501:Alopias vulpinus
488:
472:
459:
444:
390:Palaeocarcharias
372:Otodus megalodon
310:
309:
306:
305:
302:
299:
296:
293:
290:
287:
284:
281:
278:
275:
240:
145:
144:
120:
105:
42:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
5057:
5056:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5017:
5016:
5015:
5010:
5002:
4997:
4989:
4984:
4976:
4971:
4963:
4958:
4950:
4948:
4940:
4935:
4927:
4922:
4914:
4909:
4901:
4896:
4888:
4883:
4875:
4870:
4862:
4857:
4849:
4844:
4836:
4831:
4823:
4818:
4810:
4805:
4797:
4792:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4749:
4739:
4730:
4693:
4660:
4623:
4586:
4549:
4516:
4483:
4446:
4438:Basking shark (
4409:
4358:
4314:
4307:
4277:
4272:
4250:
4223:Batoidea (rays)
4217:
4155:
4123:
4116:
4083:elasmo-research
4079:
4069:
4046:
4026:
4024:Further reading
4021:
4016:Wayback Machine
4007:
4003:
3996:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3890:
3888:
3880:
3879:
3875:
3856:
3855:
3851:
3841:
3839:
3838:on July 7, 2007
3829:
3828:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3810:www.helsinki.fi
3804:
3803:
3799:
3776:
3775:
3771:
3764:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3735:
3731:
3712:
3711:
3707:
3657:
3656:
3649:
3633:
3628:
3627:
3620:
3588:
3583:
3582:
3575:
3534:(9): e0185185.
3521:
3520:
3513:
3503:
3501:
3498:livescience.com
3492:
3491:
3487:
3446:(6): e0127162.
3435:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3397:
3396:
3387:
3325:
3324:
3320:
3283:Current Biology
3276:
3275:
3271:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3181:10.1666/04069.1
3154:
3153:
3149:
3103:
3102:
3095:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2962:
2961:
2954:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2831:
2826:
2817:
2808:
2799:
2790:
2781:
2772:
2736:
2702:Cretoxyrhinidae
2647:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2455:
2415:
2399:Serratolamnidae
2390:
2365:
2353:Late Cretaceous
2341:Pseudocoracidae
2332:
2307:
2261:
2227:†Haimirichiidae
2226:
2218:Late Cretaceous
2197:
2178:Cretoxyrhinidae
2166:Cretoxyrhinidae
2156:
2150:
2096:
2090:
2052:
2032:Archaeolamnidae
2024:Archaeolamnidae
2023:
2019:
1957:
1951:
1947:
1936:near threatened
1916:crocodile shark
1894:
1888:
1847:
1841:
1794:
1788:
1763:megamouth shark
1741:
1735:
1726:caudal peduncle
1718:porbeagle shark
1702:Mackerel sharks
1691:Mackerel sharks
1681:
1675:
1663:shark liver oil
1629:megamouth shark
1591:
1575:Thresher sharks
1564:Thresher sharks
1554:
1548:
1491:Serratolamnidae
1421:Cretoxyrhinidae
1218:(goblin shark)
1131:Siversson, 2017
1092:Otodus sokolovi
1073:(Agassiz, 1843)
1062:(Agassiz, 1843)
1051:(Agassiz, 1843)
1040:(Agassiz, 1838)
1036:Otodus obliquus
1029:(Agassiz, 1843)
970:(salmon shark)
934:(longfin mako)
585:Late Cretaceous
428:
408:K-Pg extinction
358:, eyes without
341:megamouth shark
325:mackerel sharks
272:
268:
239:
139:
111:
104:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:Order of sharks
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5055:
5053:
5045:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5019:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5008:
4995:
4982:
4969:
4956:
4946:
4933:
4920:
4907:
4894:
4881:
4868:
4855:
4842:
4829:
4816:
4803:
4790:
4775:
4759:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4745:
4736:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4718:
4716:
4705:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4682:
4672:
4670:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4648:
4646:
4635:
4633:Odontaspididae
4629:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4615:Goblin shark (
4611:
4609:
4598:
4596:Mitsukurinidae
4592:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4574:
4572:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4538:
4532:Salmon shark (
4528:
4526:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4505:
4495:
4493:
4485:
4484:
4482:
4481:
4471:
4469:
4458:
4452:
4451:
4448:
4447:
4445:
4444:
4434:
4432:
4421:
4415:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4398:
4389:
4379:
4377:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4356:
4350:
4348:Elasmobranchii
4344:
4342:Chondrichthyes
4338:
4332:
4326:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4311:mackerel shark
4308:
4306:
4305:
4298:
4291:
4283:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4264:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4227:
4225:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4174:
4172:
4163:
4161:Elasmobranchii
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4147:
4141:
4135:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4092:
4086:
4085:
4078:
4077:External links
4075:
4074:
4073:
4067:
4044:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4001:
3994:
3968:
3933:
3914:(4): 433–463.
3898:
3873:
3858:Froese, Rainer
3849:
3822:
3797:
3778:Froese, Rainer
3769:
3762:
3744:
3729:
3714:Froese, Rainer
3705:
3647:
3618:
3573:
3511:
3485:
3423:
3410:(2): 278–290.
3385:
3318:
3269:
3202:
3167:(2): 215–235.
3147:
3093:
3066:
2999:
2952:
2900:
2873:(2): 588–599.
2852:
2850:
2847:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2805:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2752:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2729:
2724:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2641:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2604:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2567:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2552:
2544:Odontaspididae
2540:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2513:
2508:
2506:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2492:
2491:
2483:Mitsukurinidae
2479:
2474:
2472:
2464:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2439:Truyolsodontos
2434:
2431:
2428:
2423:
2421:
2411:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2396:
2394:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2371:
2369:
2361:
2360:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2313:
2311:
2303:
2302:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2272:
2265:
2257:
2256:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2235:Haimirichiidae
2232:
2230:
2222:
2221:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2203:
2201:
2198:†Eoptolamnidae
2193:
2192:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2154:
2146:
2145:
2144:, and Europe.
2114:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2094:
2086:
2085:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2066:Aquilolamnidae
2063:
2056:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2016:
2015:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1998:Ptychodontidae
1995:
1993:
1991:Ptychodontidae
1986:
1985:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1964:
1955:
1944:
1943:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1901:
1892:
1884:
1883:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1854:
1845:
1842:Odontaspididae
1837:
1836:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1801:
1792:
1789:Mitsukurinidae
1784:
1783:
1767:filter-feeding
1759:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1739:
1731:
1730:
1704:, also called
1699:
1696:
1693:
1688:
1679:
1671:
1670:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1605:Basking sharks
1602:
1595:
1587:
1586:
1581:-like tail or
1572:
1569:
1566:
1561:
1552:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1520:
1519:
1507:Ptychodontidae
1503:
1502:
1501:
1487:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1471:
1460:
1458:Glückman, 1957
1449:
1447:Zhelezko, 2000
1417:
1416:
1415:
1413:Cappetta, 1980
1405:
1403:Siverson, 1999
1396:
1395:
1394:
1383:
1381:Siverson, 1999
1370:Siverson, 1999
1356:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1319:Compagno, 1973
1312:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1291:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1229:Odontaspididae
1225:
1224:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1189:Mitsukurinidae
1185:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1122:
1111:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1087:
1085:(Jordan, 1923)
1076:
1064:
1053:
1042:
1015:
1013:Gluckman, 1958
997:Gluckman, 1964
990:
989:
988:
987:
986:
973:
957:Lamna ditropis
939:
938:
937:
930:Guitart-Manday
921:
894:
893:
892:
881:
869:
805:
804:
803:
802:
801:
793:
785:
777:
769:
761:
745:
744:
743:
727:
726:
725:
702:
701:
700:
698:(Welton, 2013)
689:
688:
687:
685:(Welton, 2015)
676:
674:(Welton, 2014)
665:
622:
621:
620:
619:
618:
574:Aquilolamnidae
570:
569:
568:
560:
552:
544:
518:
517:
516:
515:
514:
497:
481:
427:
424:
367:macropredators
259:
258:
252:
251:
247:
246:
234:
230:
229:
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
204:
197:
196:
194:Elasmobranchii
191:
187:
186:
184:Chondrichthyes
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:
151:
147:
146:
133:
132:
122:
121:
113:
112:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
44:
43:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5054:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5005:
5000:
4996:
4992:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4947:
4943:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4899:
4895:
4891:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4860:
4856:
4852:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4834:
4830:
4826:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4795:
4791:
4786:
4780:
4776:
4771:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4743:
4727:
4725:
4720:
4719:
4717:
4715:
4714:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4700:
4690:
4688:
4683:
4681:
4679:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4655:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4645:
4644:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4620:
4618:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4583:
4581:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4559:Megachasmidae
4556:
4546:
4544:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4513:
4511:
4506:
4504:
4502:
4501:I. oxyrinchus
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4486:
4480:
4478:
4477:C. carcharias
4473:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4467:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4453:
4443:
4441:
4436:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4416:
4406:
4404:
4399:
4397:
4395:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4351:
4349:
4345:
4343:
4339:
4337:
4333:
4331:
4327:
4325:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4312:
4304:
4299:
4297:
4292:
4290:
4285:
4284:
4281:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4152:
4151:Gnathostomata
4148:
4146:
4142:
4140:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4126:
4121:
4113:
4108:
4106:
4101:
4099:
4094:
4093:
4090:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4042:
4041:92-5-104543-7
4038:
4034:
4033:
4028:
4027:
4023:
4017:
4013:
4010:
4005:
4002:
3997:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3972:
3969:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3937:
3934:
3929:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3913:
3909:
3902:
3899:
3886:
3885:
3877:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3859:
3853:
3850:
3837:
3833:
3826:
3823:
3811:
3807:
3801:
3798:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3785:
3779:
3773:
3770:
3765:
3763:0-12-547665-5
3759:
3755:
3748:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3737:Basking shark
3733:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3706:
3701:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3673:
3669:
3665:
3663:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3599:(10): 10–15.
3598:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3569:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3500:. 3 June 2015
3499:
3495:
3489:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3424:
3418:
3413:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3386:
3381:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3333:
3329:
3322:
3319:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3273:
3270:
3265:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3229:
3225:
3222:(9): e44632.
3221:
3217:
3213:
3206:
3203:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3148:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3100:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3067:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3003:
3000:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2904:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2857:
2854:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2828:
2821:
2820:
2812:
2811:
2803:
2802:
2794:
2793:
2785:
2784:
2776:
2775:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2735:
2728:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2703:
2696:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2620:
2619:
2611:
2610:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2591:Megachasmidae
2586:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2555:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2505:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2452:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2427:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2413:
2412:
2400:
2395:
2393:
2388:
2387:
2375:
2370:
2368:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2342:
2337:
2335:
2330:
2329:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2285:Extinct, the
2276:
2270:
2266:
2264:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2236:
2231:
2229:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2207:
2206:Eoptolamnidae
2202:
2200:
2195:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2184:
2179:
2176:Extinct, the
2167:
2160:
2155:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2119:
2116:Extinct, the
2107:
2100:
2095:
2093:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2078:planktivorous
2075:
2067:
2061:
2057:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2007:
1999:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1968:
1961:
1956:
1954:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1905:
1898:
1893:
1891:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1858:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1815:Goblin sharks
1805:
1804:Goblin sharks
1798:
1793:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1752:
1745:
1740:
1738:
1736:Megachasmidae
1733:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1692:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1643:filter feeder
1640:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1617:basking shark
1606:
1600:
1596:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1565:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1546:
1545:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1518:(16+ species)
1517:
1516:
1511:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1482:(ginsu shark)
1480:Agassiz, 1843
1478:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1245:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1208:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1141:Megachasmidae
1138:
1129:
1128:
1123:
1120:Casieer, 1960
1118:
1117:
1112:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1004:
1002:
995:
991:
985:
979:
978:
974:
972:
967:
963:
959:
958:
954:
953:
950:
946:
945:
940:
936:
931:
927:
926:
925:Isurus paucus
922:
920:
914:
913:
909:
908:
905:
901:
900:
895:
888:
887:
882:
876:
875:
870:
868:
863:
859:
854:
853:
849:
848:
845:
841:
840:
835:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
817:
814:
810:
806:
800:
799:
794:
792:
791:
786:
784:
783:
778:
776:
775:
770:
768:
767:
762:
760:
759:
754:
753:
752:
751:
746:
742:
741:
736:
735:
734:
733:
728:
724:
723:
718:
717:
716:
715:
710:
709:
707:
706:Eoptolamnidae
703:
696:
695:
690:
683:
682:
677:
672:
671:
666:
664:
659:
654:
653:
649:
648:
645:
641:
640:
635:
634:
631:
627:
623:
615:
610:
609:
604:
603:
600:
595:
594:
589:
588:
586:
580:
575:
571:
567:
566:
561:
559:
558:
553:
551:
550:
545:
543:(crow sharks)
542:
541:
536:
535:
533:
527:
523:
519:
513:
508:
503:
502:
498:
496:
491:
487:
486:
482:
480:
475:
471:
470:
466:
465:
462:
458:
457:
452:
451:
447:
443:
439:
438:
437:
436:
431:
425:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
391:
386:
381:
379:
375:
373:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
311:, from Greek
308:
266:
257:
253:
248:
243:
238:
235:
232:
231:
228:
225:
222:
221:
218:
217:Selachimorpha
215:
213:Subdivision:
212:
211:
208:
205:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
143:
138:
134:
131:
127:
123:
119:
114:
109:
108:Late Jurassic
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
33:
30:
19:
4754:
4724:P. kamoharai
4723:
4711:
4686:
4677:
4665:
4653:
4641:
4616:
4604:
4579:
4567:
4542:
4533:
4521:
4509:
4500:
4488:
4476:
4464:
4439:
4427:
4419:Cetorhinidae
4402:
4393:
4385:A. pelagicus
4384:
4372:
4352:Subdivision
4310:
4212:
4149:Infraphylum
4053:
4031:
4004:
3981:
3971:
3949:(1): 49–66.
3946:
3942:
3936:
3911:
3907:
3901:
3889:. Retrieved
3883:
3876:
3865:
3852:
3840:. Retrieved
3836:the original
3825:
3813:. Retrieved
3809:
3800:
3789:
3783:
3772:
3753:
3747:
3739:
3732:
3721:
3708:
3671:
3667:
3661:
3641:
3638:Paleoichthys
3637:
3596:
3593:Geoscientist
3592:
3531:
3527:
3502:. Retrieved
3497:
3488:
3443:
3439:
3426:
3407:
3403:
3335:
3331:
3321:
3286:
3282:
3272:
3219:
3215:
3205:
3164:
3161:Paleobiology
3160:
3150:
3113:
3109:
3079:
3069:
3016:
3012:
3002:
2969:
2965:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2870:
2866:
2856:
2842:
2832:
2754:
2731:
2699:
2674:Cetorhinidae
2672:
2645:Carchariidae
2643:
2589:
2569:
2542:
2515:
2481:
2469:
2456:
2437:
2419:
2357:Anacoracidae
2262:†Otodontidae
2246:
2220:lamniforms.
2183:Cretoxyrhina
2181:
2127:
2121:
2044:Archaeolamna
2043:
2009:
1978:
1967:Anacoracidae
1952:Anacoracidae
1830:
1771:55 specimens
1722:salmon shark
1706:white sharks
1705:
1633:cosmopolitan
1623:, after the
1592:Cetorhinidae
1542:Description
1533:Common name
1513:
1498:Serratolamna
1496:
1474:
1463:
1452:
1441:
1429:Cretoxyrhina
1427:
1386:
1375:
1337:
1324:
1293:
1276:
1263:
1247:
1237:
1210:
1200:
1193:D. S. Jordan
1170:
1160:
1125:
1114:
1103:
1090:
1079:
1067:
1056:
1045:
1034:
1025:Carcharocles
1024:
1018:
1007:
983:(porbeagle)
975:
955:
942:
923:
910:
897:
890:Lawley, 1876
884:
872:
850:
837:
825:J. P. Müller
807:Superfamily
796:
788:
780:
772:
764:
756:
748:
738:
730:
720:
712:
692:
679:
668:
650:
637:
626:Cetorhinidae
613:
606:
598:
591:
578:
563:
555:
547:
538:
522:Anacoracidae
499:
483:
467:
454:
434:
432:
429:
388:
385:carpet shark
382:
378:planktivores
370:
364:
345:
337:goblin shark
324:
312:
264:
262:
255:
236:
227:Galeomorphii
223:Superorder:
200:
129:
29:
5027:Lamniformes
4885:iNaturalist
4812:Lamniformes
4799:Lamniformes
4785:Lamniformes
4779:Wikispecies
4755:Lamniformes
4687:O. noronhai
4606:Mitsukurina
4580:M. pelagios
4541:Porbeagle (
4534:L. ditropis
4466:Carcharodon
4403:A. vulpinus
4260:Holocephali
3082:: 103–165.
3019:(1): 9652.
2734:Otodontidae
2470:Lamniformes
2457:Below is a
2287:Otodontidae
2248:Haimirichia
2123:Cardabiodon
1980:Squalicorax
1868:Sand sharks
1857:Sand sharks
1823:protrusible
1710:great white
1647:gill rakers
1625:whale shark
1367:Cardabiodon
1202:Mitsukurina
1105:Megalolamna
1075:(megalodon)
994:Otodontidae
977:Lamna nasus
839:Carcharodon
732:Leptostyrax
593:Aquilolamna
565:Ptychocorax
549:Scindocorax
540:Squalicorax
435:Lamniformes
402:during the
348:dorsal fins
333:great white
265:Lamniformes
237:Lamniformes
207:Neoselachii
35:Lamniformes
5021:Categories
4667:Odontaspis
4643:Carcharias
4617:M. owstoni
4569:Megachasma
4440:C. maximus
4429:Cetorhinus
4336:Vertebrata
4334:Subphylum
4145:Vertebrata
4143:Subphylum
3891:30 October
3842:8 December
3740:BBC Nature
3116:: 104842.
2849:References
2837:added the
2291:Cretaceous
2189:Cretaceous
2185:(pictured)
2134:Cretaceous
1880:dorsal fin
1631:. It is a
1583:caudal fin
1265:Odontaspis
1239:Carcharias
1162:Megachasma
1153:Struhsaker
1009:Cretalamna
904:Rafinesque
750:Protolamna
714:Eoptolamna
644:Blainville
639:Cetorhinus
532:Cretaceous
530:(extinct,
507:Bonnaterre
490:R. T. Lowe
461:Rafinesque
404:Cretaceous
356:gill slits
242:L. S. Berg
190:Subclass:
18:Lamniforme
4654:C. taurus
4510:I. paucus
4364:Alopiidae
4346:Subclass
3963:131195702
3928:133123002
3613:242895754
3362:0027-8424
3305:0960-9822
3246:1932-6203
3189:0094-8373
3132:0195-6671
3043:2045-2322
2994:224935604
2986:0891-2963
2931:0920-1742
2867:Evolution
2833:In 2010,
2720:Lamnoidea
2517:Alopiidae
2459:cladogram
2453:Phylogeny
2299:megalodon
2138:Australia
2082:manta ray
2011:Ptychodus
1872:surf zone
1780:jellyfish
1659:shark fin
1636:migratory
1549:Alopiidae
1515:Ptychodus
1409:Parotodus
1345:Matsubara
1127:Kenolamna
813:Bonaparte
809:Lamnoidea
557:Nanocorax
446:Bonaparte
442:Alopiidae
412:Paleogene
256:See text
250:Families
160:Kingdom:
154:Eukaryota
106:Possible
4764:Wikidata
4678:O. ferox
4543:L. nasus
4456:Lamnidae
4354:Selachii
4330:Chordata
4324:Animalia
4322:Kingdom
4139:Chordata
4133:Animalia
4131:Kingdom
4012:Archived
3867:FishBase
3791:FishBase
3723:FishBase
3700:33458146
3568:28938002
3528:PLOS ONE
3480:26039066
3440:PLOS ONE
3380:31548392
3313:34614390
3264:22957091
3216:PLOS ONE
3197:86232401
3061:31273249
2939:22527612
2895:59224442
2887:30675721
2756:Lamnidae
2295:Pliocene
2129:Dwardius
2120:include
1924:tropical
1776:plankton
1676:Lamnidae
1651:plankton
1579:thresher
1539:Species
1505:Family †
1489:Family †
1419:Family †
1400:Dwardius
1358:Family †
1149:Compagno
1001:Pliocene
992:Family †
858:Linnaeus
844:A. Smith
821:Lamnidae
704:Family †
658:Gunnerus
587:period)
572:Family †
534:period)
520:Family †
474:Nakamura
396:Jurassic
352:anal fin
329:Lamnidae
174:Chordata
170:Phylum:
164:Animalia
150:Domain:
4770:Q224470
4374:Alopias
4328:Phylum
4313:species
4309:Extant
4137:Phylum
4118:Extant
3815:7 April
3691:7782878
3559:5609766
3536:Bibcode
3504:7 April
3471:4454486
3448:Bibcode
3371:6789557
3340:Bibcode
3255:3434181
3224:Bibcode
3169:Bibcode
3141:7611798
3052:6609643
3021:Bibcode
2947:1100494
2293:to the
2253:Morocco
1938:by the
1932:bycatch
1876:Pacific
1639:species
1536:Genera
1527:Family
1512:Genus †
1495:Genus †
1434:Agassiz
1426:Genus †
1407:Genus †
1398:Genus †
1365:Genus †
1347:, 1936)
1331:Cadenat
1314:Family
1303:, 1955)
1286:, 1810)
1270:Agassiz
1227:Family
1187:Family
1139:Family
1124:Genus †
1113:Genus †
1102:Genus †
1017:Genus †
1006:Genus †
966:Follett
819:Family
747:Genus †
729:Genus †
711:Genus †
694:Keasius
691:Genus †
660:, 1765)
624:Family
590:Genus †
562:Genus †
554:Genus †
546:Genus †
537:Genus †
526:Capetta
509:, 1788)
456:Alopias
440:Family
426:Species
354:, five
233:Order:
180:Class:
4949:NZOR:
4916:159851
4864:1LAMNO
4490:Isurus
4340:Class
4122:orders
4065:
4039:
3992:
3961:
3926:
3760:
3698:
3688:
3644:: 1–9.
3611:
3566:
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3187:
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3130:
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3041:
2992:
2984:
2945:
2937:
2929:
2893:
2885:
2142:Canada
1819:trowel
1720:, and
1712:, the
1530:Image
1436:, 1843
1333:, 1963
1323:Genus
1272:, 1838
1262:Genus
1236:Genus
1199:Genus
1195:, 1898
1159:Genus
1155:, 1983
1151:&
1145:Taylor
1020:Otodus
968:, 1947
964:&
951:, 1816
949:Cuvier
941:Genus
932:, 1966
906:, 1810
899:Isurus
896:Genus
846:, 1838
836:Genus
831:, 1838
815:, 1835
646:, 1816
636:Genus
632:, 1862
616:, 2021
614:et al.
612:Vullo
601:, 2021
599:et al.
597:Vullo
581:, 2021
579:et al.
577:Vullo
528:, 1987
492:, 1841
476:, 1935
463:, 1810
453:Genus
448:, 1838
433:Order
420:biotic
387:-like
321:sharks
244:, 1958
110:record
5004:10209
4999:WoRMS
4986:Plazi
4978:34598
4965:32038
4942:30496
4903:10845
4898:IRMNG
4890:50870
4523:Lamna
3959:S2CID
3924:S2CID
3634:(PDF)
3609:S2CID
3589:(PDF)
3436:(PDF)
3193:S2CID
2990:S2CID
2943:S2CID
2891:S2CID
2444:Spain
2442:from
2251:from
1284:Risso
962:Hubbs
944:Lamna
829:Henle
350:, an
317:order
313:lamna
201:Clade
4937:NCBI
4911:ITIS
4872:GBIF
4859:EPPO
4851:1874
4820:BOLD
4063:ISBN
4037:ISBN
3990:ISBN
3893:2011
3844:2012
3817:2018
3758:ISBN
3696:PMID
3564:PMID
3506:2018
3476:PMID
3376:PMID
3358:ISSN
3309:PMID
3301:ISSN
3260:PMID
3242:ISSN
3185:ISSN
3128:ISSN
3057:PMID
3039:ISSN
2982:ISSN
2935:PMID
2927:ISSN
2883:PMID
2126:and
1778:and
1761:The
1714:mako
1649:for
1621:fish
1615:The
1301:Maul
862:1758
827:and
630:Gill
339:and
263:The
46:PreꞒ
4924:NBN
4877:885
4846:EoL
4838:3F5
4833:CoL
4825:225
4807:AFD
4794:ADW
3951:doi
3916:doi
3686:PMC
3676:doi
3601:doi
3554:PMC
3544:doi
3466:PMC
3456:doi
3412:doi
3408:154
3366:PMC
3348:doi
3336:116
3291:doi
3250:PMC
3232:doi
3177:doi
3136:PMC
3118:doi
3114:125
3084:doi
3047:PMC
3029:doi
2974:doi
2919:doi
2875:doi
2381:18
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2005:16
1974:39
319:of
295:ɔːr
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