485:, followed by roll-ups (mass meetings) of European diggers evicting Chinese miners from sections of the field. These events involved the quasi-legal posting of notices to quit, and were carried out ceremonially, with a brass band leading the marchers. There was little violence at first. Most of the Chinese moved to new diggings nearby, and some returned soon afterward. This pattern of behaviour was to be repeated on several occasions over the next eight months; there seemed to be an understanding from early in the Burrangong events that the Chinese would be tolerated if they remained in certain areas of the goldfield.
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then moved on to the Back Creek diggings, where 150–200 Chinese were encamped, they went about destroying tents and looting possessions. Many of the
Chinese were cruelly beaten, but no one was killed. About 1,000 Chinese abandoned the field and set up camp near Roberts' homestead at Currowang sheep station, 20 km away. There were two triggers for the violence: in Sydney the Legislative Council rejected the anti-Chinese bill, and a false rumour swept the goldfield that a new group of 1,500 Chinese were on the road to Burrangong. The
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Europeans tended to work alone or in small groups, concentrating on rich patches of ground, and frequently abandoning a reasonably rich claim to take up another one rumoured to be richer. Very few miners became wealthy; the reality of the diggings was that relatively few miners found even enough gold to earn them a living.
462:, a diplomatic agreement that subjects of the Chinese and British Empires would have reciprocal rights under their respective countries' laws. As the Australian colonies enacted British laws, it raised the question of whether New South Wales could legally exclude citizens of the Chinese Empire. A new
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over legislation to restrict
Chinese immigration. Chinese numbers on the New South Wales goldfields had been relatively small, but were rising in the wake of restrictions imposed in Victoria. Restrictive legislation had also been proposed in New South Wales as early as 1858 in the wake of Victorian
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generally worked in large organised groups, covering the entire ground's surface, so that if there was any gold there, the
Chinese miners usually found it. They lived communally and frugally, and could subsist on a much lower return than Europeans. The rural background of most of the Chinese diggers
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Tension between the two groups first surfaced as petty complaints: Europeans made stereotyped claims that the
Chinese muddied the water holes, they worked on the Sabbath, they were thieves, they had insanitary habits, they accepted low wages and would drive down the value of labour. But because the
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mining, where the gold was in small particles mixed with dirt, gravel and clay close to the surface of the ground, or buried in the beds of old watercourses or "leads". Extracting the gold took no great skill, but it was hard work, and generally speaking, the more work, the more gold the miner won.
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In ten months of unrest at
Burrangong, the most infamous riot on the gold fields occurred on the night of 30 June 1861 when a mob of between 2,000 and 3,000 European, North American and Australian-born gold miners attacked about 2,000 Chinese miners and drove the Chinese off the Lambing Flat, and
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and police reinforcements arrived from Sydney and stayed for a year. Some of the remaining
Chinese miners were reinstated on segregated diggings, the ringleaders of the riots were tried and two were gaoled. At the end of the affair, Burrangong was quiet and some Chinese miners were still there.
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The events at
Burrangong were well-recorded at the time, and have been analysed by a number of historians in recent decades. The Burrangong affair was arguably the most serious civil disorder that has ever happened in Australia, involving more people and lasting much longer than the
550:. It served as an advertisement for a public meeting that presaged the infamous Lambing Flat riots later that year. Painted by a Scottish migrant, it is a testimony to the transfer of cultural practices and values through migration. Though it has been claimed to be an example of
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suited them very well to life as alluvial goldminers: they were used to long hours of hard outdoor work as a member of a disciplined team, accustomed to simple sleeping quarters and basic food, and were satisfied with a much smaller return of gold than the majority of
Europeans.
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arrived in the days that followed, identified the leaders of the riot, and three were arrested two weeks later. The mob's reaction was an armed attack on the police camp by about a thousand miners on the night of 14 July, which the police broke up with gunfire and mounted
707:,1970; Seith, P., The Government, The Chinese and the Europeans at the Burrangong Goldfield, 1860–61, Research Essay, Australian National University, 1971 (National Library of Australia MS 2907); Seith, P., "The Burrangong (Lambing Flat) Riots 1860–61: a closer look",
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in New South Wales between
November 1860 and September 1861. Several place names are sometimes used interchangeably when describing these events. Burrangong was the name of the gazetted goldfield, and its principal settlement later became the modern town of
397:, and were driven off their find by Europeans. Similar events occurred in New South Wales, which was just feeling the impact of significant Chinese immigration. European miners drove Chinese off the diggings at
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in July 1854. Some of these incidents took the form of outright attempts at excluding the
Chinese from a goldfield, or a portion of it. Disputes between European and Chinese miners flared into brawls at
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These pressures gave rise to several violent protests against government policies across Victoria and New South Wales in the late 1850s and early 1860s. The first anti-Chinese demonstration occurred in
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The most notorious of these incidents, and the one which has generated more folklore than any other, was the so-called Lambing Flat Riot, actually a drawn-out series of incidents on the
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The Roll Up Banner with which a mob of 2,000–3,000 men rallied and attacked Chinese miners at Lambing Flat in June 1861. The banner is displayed in Lambing Flat, now known as Young.
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A number of Chinese miners petitioned the NSW Government for compensation due to their losses in the riots. However it is doubtful if any compensations was actually paid.
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in Australia for the next century. Some of the sources of conflict between European and Chinese miners arose from the nature of the industry they were engaged in. Most
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711:, 1974; Karen Schamberger, Difficult History in a Local Museum: The Lambing Flat Riots at Young, New South Wales Australian Historical Studies, 2017.
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art, the Chartist movement was not racial in nature and sought only to protect the poor from the rich. Nevertheless, along with the
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Schamberger, Karen (31 July 2017). "Difficult History in a Local Museum: The Lambing Flat Riots at Young, New South Wales".
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in the 1850s led to hostility toward Chinese miners on the part of many Europeans, which was to affect many aspects of
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Connolly, C.N., "Miners' Rights: explaining the 'Lambing Flat' riots of 1860–61" in Curthoys, A & Markus, A (eds)
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LAMBING FLAT. (1861, July 25). Empire (Sydney, NSW: 1850–1875), p. 4. Retrieved January 19, 2018, from
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with the inscription, 'Roll Up – No Chinese', the banner has been claimed by some as a variant of the
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was being drafted for debate in Parliament while the first gold miners were arriving at Burrangong.
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A banner period, painted on a tent-flap in 1861, is now on display at the Lambing Flat museum in
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it is a rare example of an historic Australian banner designed to rally support to a cause.
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Chinese were distinctive in appearance, language and dress, they became classic targets for
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Another important aspect of the story is the political events that were going on in
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824:. No. 181. New South Wales, Australia. 18 September 1863. p. 2029
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816:"CLAIMS OF CHINESE TO COMPENSATION FOR LOSSES DURING BURRANGONG RIOTS"
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The police briefly abandoned the field, but then a detachment of 280
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charges, leaving one rioter, William Lupton, dead and many wounded.
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Coates, Ian, 'The Lambing Flat riots', in Stannage, T. et al (ed).
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Identity, belonging and cultural diversity in Australian museums
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goldfield was the scene of repeated incidents, culminating in a
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Who are our Enemies?: racism and the working class in Australia
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Monosodium glutamate controversy (Chinese restaurant syndrome)
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set in and around Young at the time of the Lambing Flat riots
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demonstrations that took place in the Burrangong region, in
892:(NSW Migration Heritage Centre – Statement of Significance)
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Camp Hill (Lambing Flats) at time of Riot, Young , 1860-61
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Series of violent anti-Chinese demonstrations in Australia
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Carrington, D.L., "Riots at Lambing Flat 1860–1861",
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1384:Union Colliery Co of British Columbia v Bryden
1315:Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration (1885)
709:Royal Australian Historical Society Journal 60
705:Royal Australian Historical Society Journal 56
701:Royal Australian Historical Society Journal 46
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405:in 1856. Serious confrontations followed at
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2118:2024 Wakeley church stabbing aftermath riot
66:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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832:– via National Library of Australia.
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776:http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article60487537
1177:Canadian Brotherhood of Railway Employees
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221:Learn how and when to remove this message
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2077:1980-1985 Bathurst motorcycle race riots
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197:Relevant discussion may be found on the
861:"Objects through Time – Roll Up Banner"
843:Schamberger, Karen (1 September 2016).
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1430:Soviet deportations of Chinese people
385:. A party of Chinese en route to the
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101:adding citations to reliable sources
2149:Anti-Chinese sentiment in Australia
1534:Indonesian mass killings of 1965–66
464:Chinese Immigration Regulation Bill
303:The Lambing Flat riots banner flag.
2016:1854 Battle of the Eureka Stockade
2011:1804 Castle Hill convict rebellion
1511:Legislation on Chinese Indonesians
1362:Vancouver anti-Chinese riots, 1886
1346:1885 Chinese expulsion from Eureka
821:New South Wales Government Gazette
793:New South Wales Government Gazette
671:Unknown, Unknown (24 April 2020).
544:Flag of Scotland's. Andrew's Cross
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1668:Artificial Intelligence Cold War
1628:2014 Vietnam anti-China protests
1539:1967 anti-Chinese riots in Burma
636:– a historical fiction novel by
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1320:Chinese Immigration Act of 1885
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1906:Chinese, Japanese, dirty knees
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1658:China–United States trade war
1523:Internment of Chinese-Indians
1436:Chinese Immigration Act, 1923
863:. 26 May 2007. Archived from
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726:Australian Historical Studies
2026:1860-1861 Lambing Flat riots
1700:Boycotts of Chinese products
1623:2013 Tiananmen Square attack
1555:1969 race riots of Singapore
1529:1964 race riots in Singapore
1216:2nd Sangley Rebellion (1639)
849:(Thesis). Deakin University.
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2108:2005 Macquarie Fields riots
1690:2021 Solomon Islands unrest
1680:COVID-19 pandemic incidents
1577:May 1998 riots of Indonesia
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590:Rock Springs massacre, 1885
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269:34.3158444°S 148.2921833°E
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974:The Unparalleled Invasion
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1638:April 2014 Ürümqi attack
1447:Second Sino-Japanese War
1276:Chinese massacre of 1871
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274:-34.3158444; 148.2921833
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2067:1942 Battle of Brisbane
1768:Ita Martadinata Haryono
1648:2015 Plaza Low Yat riot
1598:Abacus Bank prosecution
1221:Sangley Massacre (1662)
530:The Lambing Flat banner
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460:Convention of Peking
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415:Buckland River
335:Events in the
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257:34°18′57.04″S
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153:February 2011
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114: –
113:
109:
108:Find sources:
102:
98:
92:
91:
86:This article
84:
80:
75:
74:
69:
67:
60:
59:
54:
53:
48:
43:
34:
33:
30:
19:
2096:21th century
2040:20th century
2025:
2004:19th century
1792:21st century
1763:Vincent Chin
1756:20th century
1742:Wong Kim Ark
1720:19th century
1586:21st century
1499:(1945–1947)
1494:
1449:(1937-1945)
1394:20th century
1263:
1251:19th century
1230:18th century
1203:17th century
1187:Uyoku dantai
1182:Tsagaan Khas
1114:Nazi Germany
964:Yellow Peril
946:(Sinophobia)
869:. Retrieved
865:the original
855:
845:
838:
826:. Retrieved
819:
810:
798:. Retrieved
791:
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770:
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729:
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708:
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695:
683:. Retrieved
679:
666:
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631:
538:. Bearing a
533:
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480:
468:
440:
428:
409:in 1857 and
370:
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250:
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211:January 2015
208:
189:
159:
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126:
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107:
95:Please help
90:verification
87:
63:
56:
50:
49:Please help
46:
29:
1931:Shina/Zhina
1911:Ching chong
1874:Michelle Go
1864:Xiaoxing Xi
1854:Sherry Chen
1839:Jiayang Fan
1773:Qian Xuesen
1568:(1975–1979)
1519:(1956–1965)
1491:(1945–1946)
1461:(1942-1945)
1455:(1937–1938)
1403:(1901–1973)
1380:(1892–1943)
1353:(1885–1923)
1311:(1882–1943)
1305:(1881–1944)
1266:(1860–1861)
1196:By incident
1119:Philippines
1024:Hideki Tojo
556:Eureka Flag
548:Eureka Flag
399:Rocky River
383:Castlemaine
345:gold mining
272: /
2164:1861 riots
2159:1860 riots
2133:Categories
1869:Yao Pan Ma
1829:Haoyang Yu
1804:Danny Chen
1783:Wen Ho Lee
1048:By country
952:Background
680:NSW.gov.au
645:References
419:major riot
411:Tambaroora
379:Daylesford
366:xenophobia
123:newspapers
52:improve it
1824:Gang Chen
1814:Eileen Gu
1799:Anming Hu
1737:Mary Tape
1713:By victim
1378:Geary Act
1124:Singapore
1065:Indonesia
1055:Hong Kong
746:164830516
622:in Mexico
321:Australia
199:talk page
58:talk page
1894:Chinaman
1513:(1950s-)
1134:Thailand
1092:Malaysia
899:Archived
871:6 August
828:6 August
800:6 August
685:24 April
562:See also
552:Chartist
516:soldiers
476:Ballarat
349:alluvial
192:disputed
1945:Related
1747:Yick Wo
1496:Bersiap
1151:Vietnam
1109:Myanmar
1034:Pol Pot
1029:Suharto
986:Minzoku
520:sailors
407:Adelong
374:Bendigo
357:Chinese
313:Chinese
137:scholar
1921:Chinky
1809:Ee Lee
1562:(1974)
1551:(1969)
1525:(1962)
1505:(1947)
1485:(1943)
1479:(1942)
1443:(1931)
1421:(1911)
1415:(1907)
1409:(1907)
1386:(1899)
1369:(1887)
1342:(1885)
1294:(1876)
1283:(1873)
1272:(1862)
1260:(1857)
1212:(1603)
1129:Taiwan
959:Coolie
744:
504:police
443:Sydney
395:Ararat
139:
132:
125:
118:
110:
1916:Chink
1887:Slurs
1082:Korea
1070:Japan
1060:India
742:S2CID
676:(PDF)
509:sabre
436:Young
389:from
144:JSTOR
130:books
1087:Laos
873:2019
830:2019
802:2019
687:2020
450:and
391:Robe
381:and
355:The
307:The
116:news
734:doi
474:at
401:in
99:by
2135::
1664:)
818:.
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754:^
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730:48
728:.
716:^
678:.
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61:.
1991:e
1984:t
1977:v
1660:(
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160:(
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151:(
141:·
134:·
127:·
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93:.
68:)
64:(
20:)
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