1189:
1176:). Sufferers in the face of grief are not urged to a confidence in the goodness of God; in fact, God is accountable for the disaster. The poet acknowledges that this suffering is a just punishment, still God is held to have had choice over whether to act in this way and at this time. Hope arises from a recollection of God's past goodness, but although this justifies a cry to God to act in deliverance, there is no guarantee that he will. Repentance will not persuade God to be gracious, since he is free to give or withhold grace as he chooses. In the end, the possibility is that God has finally rejected his people and may not again deliver them. Nevertheless, it also affirms confidence that the mercies of Yahweh (the God of Israel) never end, but are new every morning (
1357:
1035:
1020:
42:
1632:
3228:
3240:
1512:
3252:
2856:
1380:
first-person witness changes – the narration is feminine in the first and second lamentation, and masculine in the third, while the fourth and fifth are eyewitness reports of
Jerusalem's destruction; conversely, the similarities of style, vocabulary, and theological outlook, as well as the uniform historical setting, are arguments for one author.
1123:
as overwhelming, and expectations of future redemption are minimal. Nonetheless, the author repeatedly makes clear that the city, and even the author himself, have profusely sinned against God, justifying God's wrath. In doing so, the author does not blame God but rather presents God as righteous, just, and sometimes even merciful.
1372:. The ascription of authorship to Jeremiah derives from the impetus to ascribe all biblical books to inspired biblical authors, and Jeremiah being a prophet at the time who prophesied its demise was an obvious choice. Additionally in 2 Chronicles 35:25 Jeremiah is said to have composed a lament on the death of King
1132:
only be for their good; a better day would dawn for them. Chapter 4 laments the ruin and desolation of the city and temple, but traces it to the people's sins. Chapter 5 (some) is a prayer that Zion's reproach may be taken away in the repentance and recovery of the people. In some Greek copies, and in the Latin
1122:
are evident in the book, such as mourning the desertion of the city by God, its destruction, and the ultimate return of the divinity; others "parallel the funeral dirge in which the bereaved bewails... and... addresses the ". The tone is bleak: God does not speak, the degree of suffering is presented
1379:
Scholars are divided over whether the book is the work of one or multiple authors. According to the latter position, each of the book's chapters was written by a different poet, and they then were joined to form the book. One clue pointing to multiple authors is that the gender and situation of the
1131:
The book consists of five separate poems. In the first chapter, the city sits as a desolate weeping widow overcome with miseries. In chapter 2, these miseries are described in connection with national sins and acts of God. Chapter 3 speaks of hope for the people of God: that the chastisement would
1169:"), the Sumerian laments (that we have) were recited on the occasion of the rebuilding of a temple, so their story has a happy ending, whereas the book of Lamentations was written before the return/rebuilding, and thus contains only lamentations and pleas to God with no response or resolution.
1393:
order of the pre-exilic Paleo-Hebrew alphabet/script further supports the position that they are not postexilic compositions. However, the sequence of the chapters is not chronological, and the poems were not necessarily written by eyewitnesses to the events. The book was compiled between
1376:, but there is no reference to Josiah in the book of Lamentations and no reason to connect it to Jeremiah. However, the modern consensus amongst scholars is that Jeremiah did not write Lamentations; like most ancient literature, the author or authors remain anonymous.
2859:
1331:
rhythm of three stresses followed by two, although the fifth chapter lacks this. Dobbs-Allsopp describes this meter as "the rhythmic dominance of unbalanced and enjambed lines". Again, few
English translations attempt to capture this. Exceptions include
1156:
literature of a thousand years earlier, that the destruction of the holy city was a punishment by God for the communal sin of its people. However, while
Lamentations is generically similar to the Sumerian laments of the early 2nd millennium BCE (e.g.,
1398:, whose work is dated to 550–538 BCE, seems to have known at least parts of Lamentations, the book was probably in circulation by the mid-6th century, but the exact time, place, and reason for its composition are unknown.
1188:
3643:
1203:
Lamentations consists of five distinct (and non-chronological) poems, corresponding to its five chapters. Two of its defining characteristic features are the alphabetic acrostic and its
1231:
Although some claim that purpose or function of the acrostic form is unknown, it is frequently thought that a complete alphabetical order expresses a principle of completeness, from
1225:, the first lines beginning with the first letter of the alphabet, the second with the second letter, and so on. Chapter 3 has 66 verses, so that each letter begins three lines.
3164:
3159:
1555:
And it came to pass, after Israel was taken captive, and
Jerusalem made desolate, that Jeremias sat weeping, and lamented with this lamentation over Jerusalem, and said,
3036:
1387:
date (586–520 BCE), and the poems probably originated from
Judeans who remained in the land. The fact that the acrostics of chapters 2–4 follow the
3328:
4260:
4142:
4341:
2082:
1152:, a funeral dirge for the loss of the city, and the "communal lament" pleading for the restoration of its people. It reflects the view, traceable to
4219:
1426:
is repeated after verse 22, so that the reading does not end with a painful statement, a practice which is also performed for the last verse of
4127:
4122:
1158:
3179:
4137:
2710:
2689:
2440:
2419:
2353:
2322:
3828:
1618:
41:
3154:
4489:
3934:
2156:
1006:
1859:
4255:
3929:
3790:
3184:
3029:
1344:
1172:
Beginning with the reality of disaster, Lamentations concludes with the bitter possibility that God may have finally rejected Israel (
3897:
2801:
2765:
2734:
2670:
2649:
2628:
2605:
2560:
2495:
2474:
2398:
2096:
2052:
1635:
The first page of the Book of
Lamentations in a codex of the Kethuvim in the Babylonian Hebrew Masoretic tradition (10th century).
4015:
3892:
3743:
3321:
963:
3174:
1805:
4275:
3169:
1503:, the book's third chapter is chanted on the 12th hour of the Good Friday service, which commemorates the burial of Jesus.
4484:
4479:
4334:
4229:
3022:
1937:
1361:
1356:
31:
4224:
4308:
3738:
3314:
1072:
958:
1550:, made in the last few centuries BCE. The Septuagint translation added an introductory line before the first stanza:
4448:
3912:
2578:
1864:
3944:
3923:
3917:
2125:
1477:
1473:
4327:
3939:
3907:
3902:
3638:
1034:
1019:
4509:
4265:
4245:
4117:
3974:
3835:
3575:
3085:
3002:
2458:
1162:
999:
4499:
2789:
1250:
English translations that attempt to capture this acrostic nature are few in number. They include those by
4101:
3984:
3969:
3959:
3551:
2164:
1720:
1598:
1500:
823:
2615:
Hillers, Delbert R. (1993). "Lamentations of
Jeremiah". In Metzger, Bruce M.; Coogan, Michael D. (eds.).
4385:
4050:
3989:
3979:
3887:
2981:
741:
257:
1631:
1209:
meter. However, few
English translations capture either of these; even fewer attempt to capture both.
4250:
4170:
3882:
3795:
3705:
3358:
3288:
2639:
2282:
1449:
1431:
1338:
1028:
925:
4192:
4157:
3954:
3633:
3416:
3386:
3244:
3138:
3122:
1279:
1166:
879:
619:
570:
500:
122:
3762:
4084:
3999:
3805:
3800:
3685:
3648:
3628:
3558:
2534:
2450:
2372:
2314:
1586:
1573:
1569:
1262:'s 26 uses 'A' to 'V' (omitting W, X, Y and Z), thus lacking the "A to Z" sense of completeness.
1196:
992:
905:
874:
2751:
2506:
490:
2838:
2430:
2409:
1519:
Many of the oldest surviving manuscripts are from centuries after the period of authorship. In
4406:
4285:
4094:
4089:
4030:
3862:
3772:
3715:
3536:
3526:
3376:
2797:
2761:
2730:
2706:
2700:
2685:
2666:
2645:
2624:
2601:
2589:
2556:
2526:
2491:
2470:
2454:
2436:
2415:
2394:
2349:
2318:
2092:
2048:
1515:
Known and hypothesized families of Hebrew Bible manuscripts, where "MT" is the
Masoretic Text.
1469:
934:
800:
790:
560:
317:
307:
102:
2429:
Berlin, Adele (2018). Coogan, Michael; Brettler, Marc; Newsom, Carol; Perkins, Pheme (eds.).
2343:
4504:
4494:
4458:
4270:
4165:
4147:
4079:
4067:
4025:
3964:
3949:
3840:
3728:
3521:
3466:
3446:
3426:
3282:
3200:
2953:
2518:
2462:
2068:
1869:
1594:
1565:
1536:
1384:
1369:
1297:
1255:
1228:
The fifth poem, corresponding to the fifth chapter, is not acrostic but still has 22 lines.
1108:
1039:
948:
785:
717:
668:
629:
585:
376:
302:
233:
1724:
4453:
4364:
4350:
4062:
4040:
3994:
3541:
3501:
3476:
3406:
3381:
3366:
3264:
3204:
2972:
2914:
2546:
2270:
1561:
1524:
1520:
1435:
1271:
1222:
1050:
805:
765:
727:
693:
609:
565:
550:
322:
282:
243:
188:
112:
82:
2507:"Using the Pe–Ayin Order of the Abecedaries of Ancient Israel to Date the Book of Psalms"
1452:, readings (often chanted) and choral settings of extracts from the book are used in the
1024:
4298:
4280:
4214:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3823:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3599:
3594:
3570:
3531:
3481:
3461:
3431:
3411:
3396:
3391:
3371:
3337:
3274:
3256:
2993:
2724:
2594:
1604:
1528:
1427:
1293:
1276:
Unlike standard alphabetical order, in the middle chapters of
Lamentations, the letter
1259:
1100:
870:
865:
860:
845:
840:
795:
732:
712:
634:
614:
599:
594:
555:
480:
457:
312:
223:
198:
178:
168:
92:
2827:
Book of Lamentations with Hebrew/English and MP3 chanting of the entire book in Hebrew
2680:
Lee, Archie C. C. (2008). "Book of Lamentations". In Sakenfeld, Katherine Doob (ed.).
1394:
586 BCE and the end of the 6th century BCE, when the Temple was rebuilt. Because
4473:
4390:
4369:
4045:
3854:
3723:
3589:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3486:
3456:
3354:
3006:
2985:
2964:
2960:
2897:
2720:
2538:
2364:
1813:
1415:
1407:
1395:
1104:
1088:
1084:
943:
835:
780:
775:
770:
750:
703:
678:
524:
417:
400:
297:
292:
287:
267:
1136:, Syriac, and Arabic versions, the last chapter is headed "The Prayer of Jeremiah".
4303:
4203:
4132:
4034:
3496:
3491:
3451:
3421:
3401:
3349:
3292:
3232:
3216:
3212:
2943:
2928:
2823:'s commentary, as well as numerous other classic Hebrew commentaries at Sefaria.org
2384:
1608:
1539:, i.e., 4Q111 (30‑1 BCE), 3Q3 (30 BCE–50 CE), 5Q6 (50 CE), and 5Q7 (30 BCE‑50 CE).
1532:
1485:
1411:
1333:
1221:. Chapters 1, 2, and 4 each have 22 verses, corresponding to the 22 letters of the
1096:
1092:
1076:
982:
760:
755:
673:
649:
624:
604:
447:
427:
277:
272:
49:
2755:
2660:
2617:
2550:
2485:
2388:
2345:
New Directions in Jewish American and Holocaust Literatures: Reading and Teaching
2083:"Chapter 18 Good Friday and the Copts: Glimpses in to the Drama of This Holy Day"
4432:
4186:
3782:
3700:
3695:
3609:
3604:
3436:
2274:
1543:
1493:
1481:
1251:
1119:
920:
915:
855:
850:
658:
386:
2887:
2876:
4175:
3268:
2848:
2790:
Kotzé, Gideon. "The Qumran Manuscripts of Lamentations: A Text-Critical Study"
2245:
1547:
1511:
1177:
1173:
541:
212:
157:
140:
17:
2832:
2530:
2522:
3690:
3239:
3059:
1941:
1489:
1442:
1438:, "so that the reading in the Synagogue might close with words of comfort".
1419:
910:
2826:
2432:
The New Oxford Annotated Bible with Apocrypha: New Revised Standard Version
4197:
3767:
3754:
3733:
3680:
3675:
3278:
3101:
2865:
2086:
1590:
1535:. Fragments containing parts of this book in Hebrew were found among the
1459:
1218:
1112:
953:
900:
895:
2376:
4209:
4074:
3014:
2816:
1133:
1080:
1068:
1064:
1023:
Image from "Jeremiah's Lament" of Francysk Skaryna (1517–1519), in the
340:
4427:
4180:
4057:
3441:
3306:
3106:
2935:
2917:
2835:: a fresh translation with linear Hebrew and English, on neohasid.org
2760:. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans.
1373:
663:
366:
1410:("Ninth of Av") (July–August), mourning the destruction of both the
1441:
In Christian tradition, readings from Lamentations are part of the
4319:
4020:
3341:
3080:
2820:
1630:
1510:
1465:
1360:
The lamentations of Jeremiah are depicted in this 1860 woodcut by
1355:
1327:
1234:
1187:
1153:
1147:
1033:
1018:
65:
3064:
2726:
The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants
2408:
Berlin, Adele (2014). Berlin, Adele; Brettler, Marc Zvi (eds.).
1589:
of Lamentations 1:12 are cited as texts in the English-language
1453:
1287:
1258:. In both cases their mapping of the 22 Hebrew letters into the
4323:
3310:
3018:
2644:. Vol. 16. Broadman & Holman Publishers. p. 448.
1978:
1976:
1940:. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Archived from
1247:(22nd letter); the English equivalent would be "from A to Z".
1242:
1560:
Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include
1296:
uses the standard modern alphabetical order; however, in the
2555:. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company.
1406:
Lamentations is recited annually by Jews on the fast day of
1418:(by the Romans in 70 CE). In many manuscripts and for
2596:
The Hebrew Bible Today: An Introduction to Critical Issues
2275:"Handel's Messiah: Biblical and Theological Perspectives"
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1103:(though there is no set order, per se). In the Christian
2900:(22 letters: A to Z, omitting four intermediate letters)
1963:
1961:
1959:
1750:
1748:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
2702:
A Catholic Introduction to the Bible: The Old Testament
2592:. In McKenzie, Steven L.; Graham, Matt Patrick (eds.).
2552:
A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature
1662:
1660:
2365:"The Alphabetic Acrostic in the Book of Lamentations"
1115:
is traditionally understood to have been its author.
2130:, vol. 2 (2nd ed.), Gale, pp. 355–362
2091:. Maxwell Institute Publications. pp. 365–366.
1896:
1894:
1881:
1879:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1388:
1317:
1308:
1285:
1277:
1240:
1232:
1204:
1145:
1058:
4441:
4415:
4399:
4378:
4357:
4238:
4156:
4110:
4008:
3853:
3816:
3781:
3752:
3714:
3659:
3566:
3550:
3348:
3147:
3131:
3115:
3094:
3073:
3052:
2829:. (Website also contains other books of the bible.)
2311:
Orlando Gibbons and the Gibbons Family of Musicians
2088:
Bountiful Harvest: Essays in Honor of S. Kent Brown
1622:: musical settings of the Lamentations (Knowledge).
1531:version. Since 1947 the whole book is missing from
1325:The book's first four chapters have a well-defined
499:
489:
479:
456:
446:
436:
426:
416:
385:
375:
365:
242:
232:
222:
197:
187:
177:
167:
121:
111:
101:
91:
81:
30:"Lamentations" redirects here. For other uses, see
2894:Translations maintaining both acrostics and qinah
2638:Huey, F. B. Jr. (1993). "Jeremiah, Lamentations".
2616:
2593:
2151:
2149:
1038:Greek translation of Lamentations 1:1–1:11 in the
2884:Translations maintaining metrical rhythm (qinah)
1368:Lamentations has traditionally been ascribed to
2580:Pe before Ayin in Biblical Pre-Exilic Acrostics
1193:Jeremiah Lamenting the Destruction of Jerusalem
2043:Ellicott, C. J. (2015) . "Lamentations 5:22".
2030:
4335:
3322:
3030:
2819:with multiple translations of the text &
2682:The New Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible
1982:
1924:
1845:
1414:(by the Babylonians in 586 BCE) and the
1000:
8:
2873:Translations maintaining acrostic structure
2018:
1457:
4342:
4328:
4320:
3563:
3329:
3315:
3307:
3037:
3023:
3015:
2905:
2888:New American Bible Revised Edition (NABRE)
2699:Pitre, Brant J.; Bergsma, John S. (2018).
2511:Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
2342:Aarons, Victoria; Levitsky, Holli (2019).
1007:
993:
829:
699:
534:
353:
153:
59:
36:
2414:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
2257:
2111:
1067:meaning "how") is a collection of poetic
2248:of Lamentations 1, accessed 19 June 2019
2220:
2208:
2184:
2069:Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges
1806:"Lamentations: introducing this version"
1754:
1644:
1272:Hebrew alphabet § ayin-pe reversal
1217:The first four chapters are written as
933:
887:
740:
702:
523:
470:
399:
356:
256:
211:
156:
48:
2411:The Jewish Study Bible: Second Edition
2232:
2196:
2140:
2124:P. W. Skehan (2003), "BIBLE (TEXTS)",
2045:A Bible Commentary for English Readers
1967:
1860:"I Form the Light and Create Darkness"
1791:
1779:
1739:
1707:
1651:
1292:(the 16th). In the first chapter, the
1159:Lamentation over the Destruction of Ur
1144:Lamentations combines elements of the
476:
413:
362:
219:
164:
78:
2879:(22 letters: A to V, omitting W to Z)
2371:. 69(4). Ramat Gan, Israel: 710–724.
1912:
1900:
1885:
1833:
1666:
1313:order found in chapters 2, 3, and 4.
7:
2006:
1619:Lamentations of Jeremiah the Prophet
4261:Other books referenced in the Bible
4220:New Testament manuscript categories
1994:
1307:), even the first chapter uses the
1054:
3791:Testaments of the Three Patriarchs
2662:Lamentations Through the Centuries
2071:on Isaiah 66, accessed 1 July 2019
1345:New American Bible Revised Edition
1300:version of the text (4QLam/4Q111,
25:
2619:The Oxford Companion to the Bible
2081:Robertson-Wilson, Marian (2011).
1542:There is also a translation into
3250:
3238:
3226:
2854:
2467:Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible
2163:. 5 January 2018. Archived from
1607:adapted some of the text in his
40:
4276:Biblical and Quranic narratives
2839:A synopsis of Eichah's chapters
2705:. Ignatius Press. p. 280.
2684:. Vol. 3. Abingdon Press.
2600:. Westminster John Knox Press.
2490:. Westminster John Knox Press.
2393:. Westminster John Knox Press.
2369:The Catholic Biblical Quarterly
1723:(1746–1763). "Lamentations 5".
1284:(the 17th letter) comes before
1087:("Five Scrolls") alongside the
3210:
2246:Brenton Septuagint Translation
1812:. ServiceMusic. Archived from
1726:Exposition of the Entire Bible
1612:How hath ye City sate solitary
1:
2833:Laments (R. David Seidenberg)
2757:The Text of the Old Testament
2505:First, Mitchell (June 2014).
1423:
1362:Julius Schnorr von Karolsfeld
1301:
1118:Some motifs of a traditional
32:Lamentations (disambiguation)
2849:Lamentations at Sacred Texts
2484:Dobbs-Allsopp, F.W. (2002).
2085:. In Skinner, Andrew (ed.).
1858:Renau, J.S. (20 July 2010).
1383:The book's language fits an
2864:public domain audiobook at
2794:Studia Semitica Neerlandica
2641:The New American Commentary
2623:. Oxford University Press.
2435:. Oxford University Press.
1492:, and at Evening Prayer on
1456:religious service known as
1389:
1318:
1309:
1286:
1278:
1241:
1233:
1205:
1146:
1083:("Writings") as one of the
1059:
4526:
4490:Texts assigned to Jeremiah
4449:Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)
4256:English Bible translations
3644:Song of the Three Children
2390:Lamentations: A Commentary
2031:Aarons & Levitsky 2019
1938:"The Book of Lamentations"
1865:Contemporary Poetry Review
1269:
1120:Mesopotamian "city lament"
29:
4294:
3193:
3180:American Standard Version
3000:
2990:
2979:
2969:
2958:
2950:
2940:
2933:
2925:
2908:
2665:. John Wiley & Sons.
2127:New Catholic Encyclopedia
2898:ServiceMusic translation
2845:Christian translations:
2577:First, Mitchell (2017).
2523:10.1177/0309089214536490
2019:Pitre & Bergsma 2018
1468:for 'darkness'). In the
1073:destruction of Jerusalem
4118:Intertestamental period
3245:Christianity portal
2659:Joyce, Paul M. (2013).
2588:Hayes, John H. (1998).
1472:, readings are used at
1163:Lament for Sumer and Ur
4400:Observances and events
4102:Apocalyptic literature
3739:Paralipomena of Baruch
2463:Rogerson, John William
1636:
1599:George Frideric Handel
1516:
1501:Coptic Orthodox Church
1458:
1365:
1200:
1042:
1031:
959:Paralipomena of Baruch
4386:Seventeenth of Tammuz
4358:Periods of observance
4266:Additional Scriptures
4230:New Testament uncials
3185:World English Version
2910:Book of Lamentations
2813:Jewish translations:
2590:"The Songs of Israel"
2363:Assis, Ellie (2007).
2309:Harley, John (1999).
1634:
1514:
1507:Surviving manuscripts
1359:
1305: 37 BCE – 73 CE
1191:
1037:
1022:
4485:6th-century BC books
4480:Book of Lamentations
4423:Book of Lamentations
4251:Bible version debate
4225:New Testament papyri
4171:Samaritan Pentateuch
3796:Testament of Abraham
3734:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
3289:Book of Ecclesiastes
3046:Book of Lamentations
1450:Western Christianity
1079:, it appears in the
1047:Book of Lamentations
1029:Belarussian language
954:1, 2, and 3 Meqabyan
4193:Muratorian fragment
4128:New Testament canon
4123:Old Testament canon
4016:Chapters and verses
3634:Additions to Daniel
3600:Additions to Esther
3139:Lamentations Rabbah
3123:Targum Lamentations
2547:Fitzmyer, Joseph A.
2143:, pp. 749–752.
1997:, pp. 566–567.
1794:, pp. 617–618.
1075:in 586 BCE. In the
1027:orthography of the
880:Additions to Daniel
846:Additions to Esther
3806:Testament of Jacob
3801:Testament of Isaac
3686:Prayer of Manasseh
3649:Bel and the Dragon
3629:Letter of Jeremiah
3257:Judaism portal
3175:King James Version
2851:KJV, Tan, Sep, Vul
2451:Clines, David J.A.
2317:. pp. 20–21.
2315:Ashgate Publishing
2161:The Way To Yahuweh
1983:Dobbs-Allsopp 2002
1925:Dobbs-Allsopp 2002
1846:Dobbs-Allsopp 2002
1637:
1587:King James Version
1574:Codex Marchalianus
1572:(5th century) and
1570:Codex Alexandrinus
1517:
1366:
1239:(first letter) to
1201:
1043:
1032:
906:Prayer of Manasseh
875:Letter of Jeremiah
4467:
4466:
4407:Seudah HaMafseket
4379:Days of obervance
4317:
4316:
4286:Textual criticism
3849:
3848:
3773:Psalms of Solomon
3716:Orthodox Tewahedo
3304:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3013:
3012:
2991:Succeeded by
2970:Succeeded by
2941:Succeeded by
2712:978-1-58617-722-5
2691:978-0-687-33365-3
2459:Dunn, James D. G.
2442:978-0-19-027611-9
2421:978-0-19-939387-9
2355:978-1-4384-7320-8
2324:978-1-840-14209-9
2260:, pp. 73–74.
2114:, pp. 35–37.
1742:, pp. 23–24.
1470:Church of England
1424:Lamentations 5:21
1266:Acrostic ordering
1107:, it follows the
1017:
1016:
977:
976:
971:
970:
935:Orthodox Tewahedo
861:Wisdom of Solomon
813:
812:
519:
518:
513:
512:
509:
508:
466:
465:
395:
394:
331:
330:
252:
251:
207:
206:
131:
130:
27:Book of the Bible
16:(Redirected from
4517:
4459:The Twelve Spies
4344:
4337:
4330:
4321:
4166:Dead Sea Scrolls
4148:Dating the Bible
4026:Historical books
3663:Eastern Orthodox
3576:Eastern Orthodox
3564:
3557:
3331:
3324:
3317:
3308:
3283:Eastern Orthodox
3255:
3254:
3253:
3243:
3242:
3233:Bible portal
3231:
3230:
3229:
3211:
3201:Book of Jeremiah
3196:
3195:
3170:Wycliffe Version
3039:
3032:
3025:
3016:
2951:Preceded by
2926:Preceded by
2906:
2877:Knox Translation
2868:Various versions
2858:
2857:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2752:Würthwein, Ernst
2747:
2745:
2743:
2716:
2695:
2676:
2655:
2634:
2622:
2611:
2599:
2584:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2542:
2501:
2480:
2446:
2425:
2404:
2380:
2359:
2329:
2328:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2279:
2271:Block, Daniel I.
2267:
2261:
2255:
2249:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2218:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2153:
2144:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2078:
2072:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2047:. Arkose Press.
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1980:
1971:
1965:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1889:
1883:
1874:
1873:
1868:. Archived from
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1758:
1752:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1730:
1717:
1711:
1705:
1670:
1664:
1655:
1649:
1566:Codex Sinaiticus
1537:Dead Sea Scrolls
1463:
1392:
1339:The Hebrew Bible
1321:
1312:
1306:
1303:
1298:Dead Sea Scrolls
1291:
1283:
1256:David R. Slavitt
1246:
1238:
1208:
1151:
1109:Book of Jeremiah
1062:
1056:
1040:Codex Sinaiticus
1009:
1002:
995:
830:
826:
824:Deuterocanonical
700:
696:
652:
588:
544:
535:
529:
477:
414:
407:
363:
354:
349:
345:
220:
165:
154:
149:
145:
79:
74:
70:
60:
54:
44:
37:
21:
4525:
4524:
4520:
4519:
4518:
4516:
4515:
4514:
4470:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4454:Alhambra Decree
4442:Historic events
4437:
4411:
4395:
4374:
4365:The Three Weeks
4353:
4351:The Three Weeks
4348:
4318:
4313:
4290:
4234:
4152:
4143:Christian canon
4106:
4041:Prophetic books
4004:
3935:2 Thessalonians
3930:1 Thessalonians
3845:
3812:
3777:
3748:
3710:
3669:
3655:
3583:
3555:
3554:
3546:
3357:
3353:
3344:
3335:
3305:
3300:
3286:
3272:
3265:Book of Ezekiel
3261:
3251:
3249:
3237:
3227:
3225:
3209:
3208:
3205:Christian Bible
3189:
3143:
3127:
3111:
3090:
3069:
3048:
3043:
3005:
2996:
2984:
2975:
2963:
2956:
2946:
2931:
2921:
2911:
2855:
2810:
2786:
2784:Further reading
2781:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2750:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2719:
2713:
2698:
2692:
2679:
2673:
2658:
2652:
2637:
2631:
2614:
2608:
2587:
2576:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2545:
2504:
2498:
2483:
2477:
2449:
2443:
2428:
2422:
2407:
2401:
2383:
2362:
2356:
2341:
2337:
2332:
2325:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2293:
2291:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2264:
2256:
2252:
2243:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2219:
2215:
2207:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2170:
2168:
2155:
2154:
2147:
2139:
2135:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2005:
2001:
1993:
1989:
1985:, pp. 4–5.
1981:
1974:
1966:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1936:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1907:
1899:
1892:
1884:
1877:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1832:
1828:
1819:
1817:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1790:
1786:
1778:
1761:
1753:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1719:
1718:
1714:
1710:, p. 1163.
1706:
1673:
1665:
1658:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1629:
1582:
1576:(6th century).
1568:(4th century),
1564:(4th century),
1562:Codex Vaticanus
1525:Leningrad Codex
1509:
1404:
1354:
1323:
1304:
1274:
1268:
1223:Hebrew alphabet
1215:
1186:
1142:
1129:
1111:as the prophet
1013:
973:
972:
827:
822:
815:
814:
697:
692:
685:
684:
683:
653:
648:
641:
640:
639:
589:
584:
577:
576:
575:
545:
540:
527:
515:
514:
405:
351:
347:
341:
333:
332:
327:
151:
147:
141:
133:
132:
76:
72:
66:
52:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4523:
4521:
4513:
4512:
4510:Major prophets
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4472:
4471:
4465:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4445:
4443:
4439:
4438:
4436:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4372:
4367:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4354:
4349:
4347:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4324:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4295:
4292:
4291:
4289:
4288:
4283:
4281:Synod of Hippo
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4215:Masoretic Text
4212:
4207:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4162:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4099:
4098:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4051:Minor prophets
4048:
4046:Major prophets
4038:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3890:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3859:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3824:Pseudepigrapha
3820:
3818:
3817:Classification
3814:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3787:
3785:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3763:Psalms 152–155
3759:
3757:
3750:
3749:
3747:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3631:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3417:1–2 Chronicles
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3363:
3361:
3346:
3345:
3336:
3334:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3311:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3295:) →
3275:Book of Baruch
3262:
3260:
3259:
3247:
3235:
3222:
3220:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3110:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3071:
3070:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3044:
3042:
3041:
3034:
3027:
3019:
3011:
3010:
2998:
2997:
2992:
2989:
2982:Roman Catholic
2977:
2976:
2971:
2968:
2957:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2939:
2932:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2892:
2891:
2890:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2830:
2824:
2809:
2808:External links
2806:
2805:
2804:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2766:
2748:
2735:
2723:, ed. (2010).
2721:Ulrich, Eugene
2717:
2711:
2696:
2690:
2677:
2671:
2656:
2650:
2635:
2629:
2612:
2606:
2585:
2574:
2561:
2543:
2517:(4): 471–485.
2502:
2496:
2481:
2475:
2455:"Lamentations"
2447:
2441:
2426:
2420:
2405:
2399:
2381:
2360:
2354:
2348:. SUNY Press.
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2330:
2323:
2301:
2262:
2258:Würthwein 1995
2250:
2237:
2235:, p. 753.
2225:
2223:, p. 105.
2213:
2201:
2199:, p. 750.
2189:
2177:
2157:"General Info"
2145:
2133:
2116:
2112:Würthwein 1995
2104:
2097:
2073:
2060:
2053:
2035:
2023:
2011:
2009:, p. 443.
1999:
1987:
1972:
1970:, p. 617.
1955:
1929:
1917:
1905:
1890:
1875:
1872:on 2024-02-29.
1850:
1838:
1836:, p. 712.
1826:
1796:
1784:
1759:
1757:, p. 420.
1744:
1732:
1712:
1671:
1669:, p. 168.
1656:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1615:
1605:Edward Gibbons
1602:
1581:
1578:
1558:
1557:
1529:Masoretic Text
1508:
1505:
1478:Evening Prayer
1403:
1400:
1353:
1350:
1322:
1315:
1294:Masoretic text
1267:
1264:
1260:Latin alphabet
1214:
1211:
1185:
1182:
1141:
1138:
1128:
1125:
1101:Book of Esther
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1004:
997:
989:
986:
985:
979:
978:
975:
974:
969:
968:
967:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
938:
937:
931:
930:
929:
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
890:
889:
885:
884:
883:
882:
877:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
828:
821:
820:
817:
816:
811:
810:
809:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
745:
744:
742:Minor prophets
738:
737:
736:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
707:
706:
704:Major prophets
698:
691:
690:
687:
686:
682:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
655:
654:
647:
646:
643:
642:
638:
637:
632:
627:
622:
620:1–2 Chronicles
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
591:
590:
583:
582:
579:
578:
574:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
547:
546:
539:
538:
531:
530:
528:(Christianity)
521:
520:
517:
516:
511:
510:
507:
506:
505:Divre Hayyamim
503:
497:
496:
493:
487:
486:
483:
473:
472:
468:
467:
464:
463:
460:
454:
453:
450:
444:
443:
440:
434:
433:
430:
424:
423:
420:
410:
409:
397:
396:
393:
392:
389:
383:
382:
379:
373:
372:
369:
359:
358:
352:
339:
338:
335:
334:
329:
328:
326:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
300:
295:
290:
285:
280:
275:
270:
264:
261:
260:
254:
253:
250:
249:
246:
240:
239:
236:
230:
229:
226:
216:
215:
209:
208:
205:
204:
201:
195:
194:
191:
185:
184:
181:
175:
174:
171:
161:
160:
152:
139:
138:
135:
134:
129:
128:
125:
119:
118:
115:
109:
108:
105:
99:
98:
95:
89:
88:
85:
77:
64:
63:
56:
55:
46:
45:
26:
24:
18:Lamentations 5
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4522:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4414:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4398:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4381:
4377:
4371:
4370:The Nine Days
4368:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4345:
4340:
4338:
4333:
4331:
4326:
4325:
4322:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4293:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4188:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4109:
4103:
4100:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4059:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4042:
4039:
4036:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3898:2 Corinthians
3896:
3894:
3893:1 Corinthians
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3856:
3855:New Testament
3852:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:New Testament
3834:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3751:
3745:
3744:Broader canon
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3636:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3457:Song of Songs
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3356:
3355:Old Testament
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3332:
3327:
3325:
3320:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3309:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3258:
3248:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3234:
3224:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3206:
3202:
3199:←
3198:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3165:Latin Vulgate
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3114:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3040:
3035:
3033:
3028:
3026:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3009:
3008:
3007:Old Testament
3004:
2999:
2995:
2988:
2987:
2986:Old Testament
2983:
2978:
2974:
2967:
2966:
2965:Old Testament
2962:
2955:
2949:
2945:
2938:
2937:
2930:
2924:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2907:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2878:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2802:9789004242098
2799:
2796:BRILL, 2013.
2795:
2791:
2788:
2787:
2783:
2769:
2767:0-8028-0788-7
2763:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2749:
2738:
2736:9789004181830
2732:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2672:9781118332641
2668:
2664:
2663:
2657:
2653:
2651:9781430086192
2647:
2643:
2642:
2636:
2632:
2630:9780199743919
2626:
2621:
2620:
2613:
2609:
2607:9780664256524
2603:
2598:
2597:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2581:
2575:
2564:
2562:9780802862419
2558:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2503:
2499:
2497:9780664237547
2493:
2489:
2488:
2482:
2478:
2476:9780802837110
2472:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2427:
2423:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2406:
2402:
2400:9780664229740
2396:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2385:Berlin, Adele
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2361:
2357:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2334:
2326:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2302:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2251:
2247:
2244:Brenton, C.,
2241:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2221:Fitzmyer 2008
2217:
2214:
2211:, p. 28.
2210:
2209:Fitzmyer 2008
2205:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2190:
2187:, p. 43.
2186:
2185:Fitzmyer 2008
2181:
2178:
2167:on 2024-09-01
2166:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2134:
2129:
2128:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2105:
2100:
2098:9780842528047
2094:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2067:Skinner, J.,
2064:
2061:
2056:
2054:9781345350784
2050:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2033:, p. 36.
2032:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1944:on 2023-11-18
1943:
1939:
1933:
1930:
1927:, p. 22.
1926:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1867:
1866:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1848:, p. 17.
1847:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1830:
1827:
1816:on 2024-05-18
1815:
1811:
1807:
1800:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1736:
1733:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1648:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1583:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1546:known as the
1545:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1513:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1446:
1444:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1416:Second Temple
1413:
1409:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1396:Second Isaiah
1391:
1386:
1381:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1329:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1170:
1168:
1167:Nippur Lament
1164:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1149:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1116:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1105:Old Testament
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1089:Song of Songs
1086:
1085:Five Megillot
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1036:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1010:
1005:
1003:
998:
996:
991:
990:
988:
987:
984:
981:
980:
965:
964:Broader canon
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
940:
939:
936:
932:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
892:
891:
888:Orthodox only
886:
881:
878:
876:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
833:
832:
831:
825:
819:
818:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
748:
747:
746:
743:
739:
734:
731:
729:
726:
724:
721:
719:
716:
714:
711:
710:
709:
708:
705:
701:
695:
689:
688:
680:
679:Song of Songs
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
651:
645:
644:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
592:
587:
581:
580:
572:
569:
567:
564:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
543:
537:
536:
533:
532:
526:
525:Old Testament
522:
504:
502:
498:
494:
492:
491:Ezra–Nehemiah
488:
484:
482:
478:
475:
474:
469:
461:
459:
455:
451:
449:
445:
441:
439:
435:
431:
429:
425:
422:Shir Hashirim
421:
419:
418:Song of Songs
415:
412:
411:
408:
404:
398:
390:
388:
384:
380:
378:
374:
370:
368:
364:
361:
360:
355:
350:
344:
337:
336:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
265:
263:
262:
259:
255:
247:
245:
241:
237:
235:
231:
227:
225:
221:
218:
217:
214:
210:
202:
200:
196:
192:
190:
186:
182:
180:
176:
172:
170:
166:
163:
162:
159:
155:
150:
144:
137:
136:
126:
124:
120:
116:
114:
110:
106:
104:
100:
96:
94:
90:
86:
84:
80:
75:
73:(Instruction)
69:
62:
61:
58:
57:
51:
47:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
4422:
4204:Vetus Latina
4202:
4185:
4138:Jewish canon
4133:Antilegomena
4035:Poetic Books
4031:Wisdom books
4009:Subdivisions
3922:
3627: /
3552:Deuterocanon
3472:Lamentations
3471:
3452:Ecclesiastes
3359:(protocanon)
3350:Hebrew Bible
3293:Hebrew Bible
3273:
3217:Hebrew Bible
3213:Book of Ruth
3155:Hebrew Bible
3116:Translations
3045:
3001:
2980:
2959:
2944:Ecclesiastes
2936:Hebrew Bible
2934:
2913:
2861:Lamentations
2860:
2817:Lamentations
2793:
2771:. Retrieved
2756:
2740:. Retrieved
2725:
2701:
2681:
2661:
2640:
2618:
2595:
2579:
2568:February 15,
2566:. Retrieved
2551:
2514:
2510:
2487:Lamentations
2486:
2469:. Eerdmans.
2466:
2431:
2410:
2389:
2368:
2344:
2310:
2304:
2292:. Retrieved
2287:
2281:
2265:
2253:
2240:
2228:
2216:
2204:
2192:
2180:
2169:. Retrieved
2165:the original
2160:
2136:
2126:
2119:
2107:
2087:
2076:
2063:
2044:
2038:
2026:
2014:
2002:
1990:
1946:. Retrieved
1942:the original
1932:
1920:
1908:
1870:the original
1863:
1853:
1841:
1829:
1818:. Retrieved
1814:the original
1810:ServiceMusic
1809:
1804:Lee, David.
1799:
1787:
1755:Hillers 1993
1735:
1725:
1715:
1654:, p. 1.
1647:
1617:
1611:
1609:verse anthem
1559:
1554:
1541:
1533:Aleppo Codex
1527:(1008) is a
1518:
1498:
1447:
1440:
1432:Ecclesiastes
1412:First Temple
1405:
1382:
1378:
1367:
1343:
1337:
1334:Robert Alter
1326:
1324:
1275:
1249:
1230:
1227:
1216:
1202:
1192:
1171:
1143:
1130:
1117:
1097:Ecclesiastes
1093:Book of Ruth
1077:Hebrew Bible
1046:
1044:
1025:Taraškievica
983:Bible portal
873: /
723:Lamentations
722:
674:Ecclesiastes
448:Ecclesiastes
438:Lamentations
437:
402:
342:
142:
67:
4433:Book of Job
4309:WikiProject
4187:Diatessaron
4158:Manuscripts
4111:Development
3913:Philippians
3783:Beta Israel
3701:4 Maccabees
3696:3 Maccabees
3610:2 Maccabees
3605:1 Maccabees
3387:Deuteronomy
3003:E. Orthodox
2773:January 26,
2233:Ulrich 2010
2197:Ulrich 2010
2141:Ulrich 2010
1968:Clines 2003
1792:Clines 2003
1780:Berlin 2014
1740:Berlin 2004
1708:Berlin 2018
1652:Berlin 2004
1544:Koine Greek
1494:Good Friday
1445:liturgies.
1352:Composition
1252:Ronald Knox
1063:, from its
921:4 Maccabees
916:3 Maccabees
856:2 Maccabees
851:1 Maccabees
571:Deuteronomy
123:Deuteronomy
4500:Tisha B'Av
4474:Categories
4391:Tisha B'Av
4246:Authorship
4176:Septuagint
4021:Pentateuch
4000:Revelation
3924:Laodiceans
3918:Colossians
3407:1–2 Samuel
3269:Protestant
3160:Septuagint
2961:Protestant
2313:. London:
2283:Didaskalia
2171:2024-09-13
1913:Joyce 2013
1901:First 2014
1886:First 2017
1834:Assis 2007
1820:2024-09-12
1721:Gill, John
1667:Hayes 1998
1627:References
1548:Septuagint
1408:Tisha B'Av
1402:In liturgy
1270:See also:
1099:, and the
610:1–2 Samuel
586:Historical
542:Pentateuch
501:Chronicles
471:Historical
348:(Writings)
148:(Prophets)
4085:Johannine
3945:2 Timothy
3940:1 Timothy
3908:Ephesians
3903:Galatians
3691:Psalm 151
3559:apocrypha
3537:Zechariah
3527:Zephaniah
3412:1–2 Kings
3377:Leviticus
3060:Jerusalem
2729:. Brill.
2539:170926400
2531:0309-0892
2007:Huey 1993
1640:Citations
1601:(HWV 56).
1490:Holy Week
1443:Holy Week
1420:Synagogue
1219:acrostics
1197:Rembrandt
1184:Structure
911:Psalm 151
801:Zechariah
791:Zephaniah
694:Prophetic
615:1–2 Kings
561:Leviticus
406:(Scrolls)
318:Zechariah
308:Zephaniah
248:Yekhezqel
238:Yirmeyahu
228:Yeshayahu
103:Leviticus
53:(Judaism)
4299:Category
4198:Peshitta
4095:Catholic
4090:Pastoral
4075:Epistles
4068:Synoptic
3955:Philemon
3768:2 Baruch
3755:Peshitta
3729:Jubilees
3681:2 Esdras
3676:1 Esdras
3571:Catholic
3522:Habakkuk
3467:Jeremiah
3447:Proverbs
3427:Nehemiah
3279:Catholic
3132:Analysis
3102:Acrostic
2954:Jeremiah
2866:LibriVox
2754:(1995).
2549:(2008).
2465:(eds.).
2453:(2003).
2387:(2004).
2377:43726112
2273:(2001).
1995:Lee 2008
1591:oratorio
1580:In music
1460:Tenebrae
1370:Jeremiah
1342:and the
1213:Acrostic
1154:Sumerian
1113:Jeremiah
1071:for the
949:Jubilees
901:2 Esdras
896:1 Esdras
786:Habakkuk
718:Jeremiah
669:Proverbs
630:Nehemiah
485:Daniyyel
403:Megillot
377:Proverbs
371:Tehillim
303:Habakkuk
234:Jeremiah
203:Melakhim
183:Shofetim
173:Yehoshua
117:Bemidbar
87:Bereshit
4505:Laments
4495:Ketuvim
4271:Studies
4239:Related
4210:Vulgate
4080:Pauline
4058:Gospels
3975:2 Peter
3970:1 Peter
3960:Hebrews
3863:Matthew
3753:Syriac
3639:Susanna
3542:Malachi
3502:Obadiah
3477:Ezekiel
3382:Numbers
3367:Genesis
3340:of the
3148:Sources
2973:Ezekiel
2742:May 15,
2335:Sources
2294:19 July
1595:Messiah
1499:In the
1486:Tuesday
1480:on the
1474:Morning
1436:Malachi
1390:pe-ayin
1310:pe-ayin
1254:and by
1178:3:22–33
1134:Vulgate
1127:Summary
1081:Ketuvim
1069:laments
1065:incipit
806:Malachi
766:Obadiah
728:Ezekiel
566:Numbers
551:Genesis
452:Qohelet
381:Mishlei
343:Ketuvim
323:Malachi
283:Obadiah
244:Ezekiel
193:Shemuel
143:Nevi'im
127:Devarim
113:Numbers
107:Wayiqra
83:Genesis
4428:Kinnot
4304:Portal
4181:Targum
3990:3 John
3985:2 John
3980:1 John
3888:Romans
3841:Jewish
3666:Others
3625:Baruch
3620:Sirach
3615:Wisdom
3595:Judith
3580:Others
3532:Haggai
3482:Daniel
3462:Isaiah
3442:Psalms
3432:Esther
3397:Judges
3392:Joshua
3372:Exodus
3074:People
2994:Baruch
2918:lament
2915:Hebrew
2800:
2764:
2733:
2709:
2688:
2669:
2648:
2627:
2604:
2559:
2537:
2529:
2494:
2473:
2439:
2418:
2397:
2375:
2352:
2321:
2095:
2051:
1523:, the
1521:Hebrew
1482:Monday
1454:Lenten
1434:, and
1428:Isaiah
1385:Exilic
1374:Josiah
1140:Themes
1055:אֵיכָה
1051:Hebrew
871:Baruch
866:Sirach
841:Judith
796:Haggai
733:Daniel
713:Isaiah
664:Psalms
650:Wisdom
635:Esther
600:Judges
595:Joshua
556:Exodus
481:Daniel
458:Esther
442:Eikhah
367:Psalms
357:Poetic
346:
313:Haggai
258:Minor
224:Isaiah
213:Latter
189:Samuel
179:Judges
169:Joshua
158:Former
146:
97:Shemot
93:Exodus
71:
50:Tanakh
4416:Texts
3965:James
3950:Titus
3724:Enoch
3590:Tobit
3517:Nahum
3512:Micah
3507:Jonah
3487:Hosea
3342:Bible
3338:Books
3107:Qinah
3086:Judah
3081:Jacob
3053:Place
2821:Rashi
2535:S2CID
2457:. In
2373:JSTOR
2278:(PDF)
1948:9 May
1597:" by
1466:Latin
1422:use,
1328:qinah
1319:Qinah
1206:qinah
1148:qinah
944:Enoch
836:Tobit
781:Nahum
776:Micah
771:Jonah
751:Hosea
462:Ester
401:Five
298:Nahum
293:Micah
288:Jonah
268:Hosea
199:Kings
68:Torah
4063:List
3995:Jude
3883:Acts
3878:John
3873:Luke
3868:Mark
3829:list
3706:Odes
3497:Amos
3492:Joel
3422:Ezra
3402:Ruth
3281:and
3095:Term
3065:Zion
2929:Ruth
2798:ISBN
2775:2019
2762:ISBN
2744:2017
2731:ISBN
2707:ISBN
2686:ISBN
2667:ISBN
2646:ISBN
2625:ISBN
2602:ISBN
2570:2019
2557:ISBN
2527:ISSN
2492:ISBN
2471:ISBN
2437:ISBN
2416:ISBN
2395:ISBN
2350:ISBN
2319:ISBN
2296:2011
2093:ISBN
2049:ISBN
1950:2020
1585:The
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1476:and
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1235:alef
1174:5:22
1165:," "
1161:," "
1060:ʾĒḵā
1045:The
926:Odes
761:Amos
756:Joel
625:Ezra
605:Ruth
495:Ezra
428:Ruth
391:Iyov
278:Amos
273:Joel
3556:and
3437:Job
2519:doi
2290:(2)
1488:of
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432:Rut
387:Job
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