236:
339:. Later, the book states that no one dared live where Hjörleif settled because of the landvættir. Consistent with other accounts, this depicts Iceland as inhabited by landvættir and has been further argued to represent a belief that they may harm settlers if the appropriate ritual precautions are not carried out. Alternative suggestions have been made such as that the landvættir were angry because of the spilling of blood on the land they inhabited or that they had been frightened by it and so the land would not prosper.
20:
2161:
452:
62:. They are closely associated with specific locations and their wellbeing is presented as being required for the land they inhabit to be fruitful. In Old Norse sources, they are depicted as being potentially harmful and capable of driving away unwanted individuals and capable of being frightened through human actions such as usage of carved figureheads on ships or
664:, said that landvættir are "spirits and they in some way control the safety of the land, the fertility of the land, and so on." According to him, they are "tied to a spot in the landscape, to a huge rock, to a mountain, or to a specially beautiful place" and that place can be recognized by being more beautiful than "just a few yards away."
472:("rock-dweller") making an agreement with a man named Björn, who had few goats after fleeing from a lava flow. After this, a billy goat appears and has many children with his nanny goats, making him rich from all the livestock he owned. It describes that landvættir could be seen with Björn by those who had
374:
King Harald told a warlock to hie to
Iceland in some altered shape, and to try what he could learn there to tell him: and he set out in the shape of a whale. And when he came near to the land he went to the west side of Iceland, north around the land, where he saw all the mountains and hills full of
407:
with an iron staff followed by many other jötnar. It is unclear whether all these protective beings were considered landvættir, given that the bull is explicitly said to be followed by landvættir, however, the four figures are what most
Icelanders understand by the term. It is further unclear if the
269:
It was the beginning of the preamble of the heathen laws that men should not take ships to sea with carved figure heads upon their sterns, but if they did, they should take them off before they came in sight of land and not sail to land with gaping heads or yawning snouts lest the guardian feys of
566:
Relationships between people and landvættir have been further linked to a wider pattern of people in the same cultural context worshipping and receiving advice from spirits living in waterfalls, woods, and rocks at which they would make offerings. This is attested in Landnámabok, which records
364:
Haraldr konungr bauð kungum manni at fara í hamförum til Íslands ok freista hvat hann kynni segja honum. Sá fór í hvals líki. En er hann kom til landsins, þá fór hann vestr fyrir norðan landit; hann sá at fjöll öll ok hólar váru full af landvættum, sumt stórt en sumt
482:
are synonymous with landvættr, supported by the idea that landvættir live in stones, mountains and hills. It has been further suggested that in return, Björn may have been expected to make food offerings, as is recorded as being performed by women for landvættir in
235:
260:Þat var upphaf inna heiðnu laga, at menn skyldu eigi hafa höfuðskip í haf, en ef þeir hefði, þá skyldi þeir af taka höfuð, áðr þeir kæmi í lands sýn, ok sigla eigi at landi með gapandi höfðum eða gínandi trjónum, svá at landvættir fælist við.
3077:
542:
stones). These are stones in northwestern
Iceland that were described as having been respected as late as the 19th century, with it being seen as inappropriate to mow grass or let children play near them. The term
4017:
1311:"[Dixit] non se carere posse consortio praedecessorum suorum, 'He said he was unable to be without his predecessors': Attitudes towards the damnation of heathen ancestors in Old Norse-Icelandic literature"
607:
It has been argued that in early 12th century
Iceland, álfar and landvættir were conceived of as distinct beings, with landvættir living in fells and hills, and elves being more similar to gods. The account of a
616:, according to this proposition, would be an early stage in the merging of the two beings. The folklorish representation of elves would be a result of this later conflation, seen in later saga material like
3067:
4062:
3072:
568:
555:, where they were likely believed to dwell. Based on this living in rocks, it has been proposed that they are closely connected to landvættir and it has been noted that other beings in
319:
Landvættir are often depicted as deeply connected to a particular place and as being willing and able to harm people who live there if the landvættir do not consider them welcome.
3047:
403:
followed by snakes, toads and lizards who blew atter, or poison, at him, then a great bird with many smaller birds, next a large bull followed by landvættir and finally a huge
3042:
2219:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3037:
3032:
3027:
591:
which is eventually driven away when a bishop sprinkles the stone in which it lived with holy water. It has been noted that the being is likely modelled on landvættir and
89:, with which they were potentially identified at different points in history. Their belief and veneration has been revived in the modern period as part of the practice of
515:. Similarly, the author of the homily Heimslýsing ok Helgifrœði states that the willingness of some women to give offerings to landvættir results from their stupidity.
420:, however, retells the account from Heimskringla and refers to the beings instead as óvættir ("evil spirits"), consistent with it being told from a Danish perspective.
308:
2197:
1664:
3022:
3017:
2511:
2441:
4082:
2110:
408:
imagery of these four beings is drawn from traditional lore, but scholars typically belief it is heavily influenced by
Christian imagery of the
2917:
1947:
604:
and spirits of the dead, but others have interpreted them as nature spirits, since they sometimes live in land that has never been populated.
4280:
3480:
1449:
1365:
1291:
1243:
66:. Good relationships between humans and landvættir were believed to be fostered through acts like leaving out food for them however upon the
1310:
3354:
2601:
458:
where, according to Landnámabók, a man named Hjörleif was killed by his thralls and that was later not settled out of fear of landvættir.
435:, a horses head on a stake, as an insult to the landvættir. He curses them to not be able to find their dwellings until they have driven
2190:
3175:
3170:
491:. In this account, the women take food to stone piles or flat stones, hoping that in return the landvættir would make them prosperous.
4254:
3994:
3876:
2141:
1657:
2899:
1534:
1492:
1419:
1330:
399:
After this, the man in whale-shape swims around
Iceland and each time he reaches a new part he is driven away. First by a large
67:
1377:"ein lǫg ok einn siðr: Law, Religion, and their Role in the Cultivation of Cultural Memory in Pre-Christian Icelandic Society"
2183:
1222:
1142:
3424:
579:
recount a tale in which an
Icelandic farmer named Koðrán has a partnership with a spirit living in a stone referred to as a
443:
from Norway. The two are forced to abandon Norway the next year, although the saga intentionally leaves the cause unclear.
2164:
1650:
347:
28:
1622:
4037:
2055:
2040:
2591:
2501:
730:
En þæssir luttir heyra til villu ok hædins atrunaddar ok at trua a landvættir at se i lundum æda haugum æda forsum.
661:
222:
has been variously translated as "guardian spirits of a country", "land-spirits", "landwights" or "nature spirits".
4204:
4194:
3302:
3202:
2709:
2471:
2070:
3434:
323:
for example describes how two brothers, Ingólf and Hjörleif, went to settle
Iceland from Norway. Ingólf performed
4285:
3359:
440:
4295:
3227:
2228:
2015:
1354:
Noetzel, Justin T. (2018). "7 Outlaws and the Undead: Defining Sacred and
Communal Space in Medieval Iceland".
484:
141:: '*wekti' ("cause, sake, thing"), from Proto-Indo-European "*wekʷ-" ("to say, tell"). It is thus cognate with
3757:
3339:
3312:
3307:
3247:
3222:
2421:
657:
297:
depicts human waste is depicted as scaring elves, identified by some scholars as landvættir. In this account,
1355:
572:
4290:
4139:
673:
617:
158:
150:
130:
36:
1469:""fjöll öll ok hólar váru fullir af landvéttum":: The Old Norse landvættir and related mythological beings"
1156:
455:
332:
3009:
2927:
1522:
1435:
428:
298:
77:
Landvættir have been variously connected by scholars to other beings believed to inhabit the land such as
3962:
3894:
3884:
1166:
413:
3989:
1888:
55:
3451:
3242:
1503:
1233:
4199:
3556:
2333:
1673:
621:
142:
3364:
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2957:
2451:
1936:
1916:
336:
240:
138:
126:
51:
4052:
3252:
2869:
2854:
3772:
2794:
2206:
2010:
1455:
1406:
1297:
247:
206:
3899:
3822:
3787:
3782:
2864:
2694:
2303:
2258:
1983:
677:
625:
692:, religious belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence
4259:
4249:
4108:
4072:
3722:
3461:
2744:
2065:
2030:
1784:
1743:
1713:
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1361:
1287:
1239:
1218:
1138:
556:
512:
463:
417:
320:
3500:
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432:
3979:
3692:
3237:
3192:
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2809:
2634:
2391:
2233:
2090:
1954:
1845:
1820:
1388:
1279:
1128:
637:
560:
409:
351:
190:
82:
59:
3827:
3349:
4189:
3397:
3145:
2210:
2045:
1840:
1830:
1815:
1738:
1152:
400:
198:
174:
90:
4113:
3742:
3677:
3520:
3404:
2874:
2824:
2814:
2739:
1376:
1158:
The Book of the
Settlement of Iceland: Tr. from the Original Icelandic of Ari the Learned
19:
4103:
4098:
3967:
3850:
3845:
3802:
3732:
3727:
3647:
3536:
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182:
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63:
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2714:
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2506:
2115:
1941:
1642:
1410:
1301:
436:
2704:
2649:
2288:
3889:
3217:
2175:
1544:
1480:
613:
576:
503:
laws, written in the latter half of the 13th century, made illegal the belief that
473:
343:
24:
3792:
3752:
3632:
3617:
3257:
3138:
2972:
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3103:
2789:
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2664:
2654:
2619:
1960:
1930:
1850:
1723:
1235:
Myths and symbols in pagan Europe : early Scandinavian and Celtic religions
701:
488:
70:, the practice was labelled heretical and explicitly forbidden in the Norwegian
1563:
1459:
1283:
451:
4224:
3944:
3840:
3832:
3712:
3657:
3612:
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3592:
3409:
3108:
2749:
2674:
2669:
2624:
1970:
1965:
1902:
1895:
508:
424:
3329:
2844:
2293:
1402:
511:, were inhabited by landvættir, considering it a heresy and belonging to the
4179:
3984:
3952:
3862:
3817:
3717:
3566:
3551:
3292:
3155:
2774:
2724:
2719:
2639:
2146:
2060:
1774:
1439:
672:
The four beings identified as the landvættir of Iceland are depicted on the
549:
is not attested in Old Norse sources but can be reconstructed from the term
383:
278:
32:
4184:
3857:
3546:
3439:
2947:
2937:
2907:
2884:
2456:
2343:
2237:
1835:
1698:
1623:"Iceland's Goalkeeper-Film Director Makes Reveal Video for Bold New Crest"
4229:
4214:
4164:
4149:
4042:
3812:
3697:
3662:
3627:
3541:
3456:
3414:
3317:
3287:
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3187:
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2834:
2759:
2754:
2689:
2571:
2491:
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2431:
2416:
2328:
2298:
2283:
2273:
2105:
2100:
2035:
2020:
601:
500:
404:
71:
1393:
4174:
4022:
3762:
3682:
3652:
3597:
3515:
3392:
3272:
3262:
3128:
3123:
2942:
2912:
2614:
2609:
2566:
2426:
2383:
2363:
2318:
2278:
2250:
2050:
2005:
1976:
1909:
1871:
1794:
1688:
689:
609:
504:
324:
3622:
3587:
3297:
3207:
3197:
3150:
2992:
2932:
2644:
2581:
2544:
2496:
2411:
2080:
1810:
1789:
1764:
1708:
1331:"The (Re)conversion of the "Spirits of the Land" in Medieval Iceland"
695:
328:
4018:
Anthropomorphic wooden cult figurines of Central and Northern Europe
3133:
2977:
2779:
2526:
2521:
2461:
2353:
1733:
1468:
1267:
1527:
Myth and Religion of the North: the religion of ancient Scandinavia
23:
Four beings commonly identified as landvættir, as described in the
4219:
4209:
4169:
4159:
4154:
4077:
3602:
3429:
3374:
3282:
3277:
3212:
3160:
3113:
2997:
2982:
2879:
2829:
2819:
2799:
2784:
2769:
2764:
2729:
2679:
2629:
2576:
2559:
2549:
2536:
2481:
2466:
2406:
2401:
2323:
2268:
2263:
2095:
2085:
2025:
1855:
1769:
1718:
1703:
1693:
1441:
Signals of Belief in Early England: Anglo-Saxon Paganism Revisited
942:
940:
641:
450:
327:
often while his brother did not. Hjörleif was later killed by his
234:
105:
78:
47:
18:
16:
Beings in Old Nordic religion, later folklore and modern Heathenry
710:, venerated beings in Shinto, often associated with natural sites
4144:
4123:
3957:
3930:
3387:
3382:
3118:
2967:
2889:
2804:
2446:
2436:
2358:
2348:
2338:
2313:
2125:
2120:
2075:
2000:
1923:
1748:
1728:
981:
979:
915:
913:
707:
680:
coins, and the team crest of Iceland's national football teams.
307:("Shit-skerry") so that they would not defile with their faeces
2179:
1646:
412:. It has been noted that in an account of this same event from
3165:
2476:
2396:
1825:
356:
252:
125:) can be translated as "wight" or "being" and is derived from
805:
803:
801:
342:
They further feature in saga literature, for example in the
559:
are believed to live in these places too such as elves and
636:
Landvættir have been argued to not have had any role in
597:, closely resembling their portrayals in other sources.
3068:
people, clan, and place names in Germanic heroic legend
416:
does not reference the magic-worker or the landvættir.
165:
and Modern English "wight". It is further cognate with
1504:"Iceland's national football team gets a new identity"
1215:
Wights and Ancestors: Heathenism in a Living Landscape
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
335:
which Ingólf attributes to his lack of adherence to
4242:
4132:
4091:
4010:
4003:
3913:
3875:
3580:
3529:
3488:
3479:
3086:
3008:
2898:
2600:
2535:
2382:
2249:
2226:
2134:
1993:
1880:
1864:
1803:
1757:
1681:
1582:
931:
1529:(Repr ed.). Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press.
857:
764:
762:
600:Some scholars have suggested that landvættir are
1134:Heimskringla. Part two, Sagas of the Norse Kings
704:, spirits of a place in classical Roman religion
250:, a law aiming to prevent upsetting landvættir:
728:
592:
586:
580:
567:settlers giving offerings to a waterfall and a
550:
544:
535:
529:
477:
467:
362:
302:
258:
217:
120:
110:
985:
919:
528:Landvættir have been discussed in relation to
350:when they drive away a possible invasion from
2191:
1658:
1436:"Chapter 8 Living On: Ancestors and the Soul"
1137:. Translated by Laing, Samuel. London: Dent.
476:. It has been proposed that in this context,
8:
3920:
2220:Mythological Norse people, items and places
845:
495:Banning and criticism of belief and worship
375:guardian- spirits, some great, some small.
4007:
3485:
2246:
2198:
2184:
2176:
1665:
1651:
1643:
869:
3018:List of figures in Germanic heroic legend
1392:
1272:Constructing Nations, Reconstructing Myth
1253:de Vries, Jan (1956). "Das heilige Amt".
946:
792:
1033:
809:
612:being made to elves living in a hill in
1232:Davidson, Hilda Roderick Ellis (1988).
1057:
1045:
997:
970:
958:
904:
892:
833:
821:
746:
720:
1948:Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum
1603:"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wihtiz"
1545:"Old Icelandic Dictionary - Landvættr"
1021:
1523:Turville-Petre, Edward Oswald Gabriel
1487:. Translated by Hall, Angela. BOYE6.
1081:
1069:
1009:
753:
7:
270:the land should be scared thereat."
239:Carved animal headed posts from the
3078:named weapons, armour and treasures
768:
116:
4255:Heathenry (new religious movement)
1564:"Old Icelandic Dictionary - Vættr"
1485:A Dictionary of Northern Mythology
1255:Altgermanische Religionsgeschichte
1093:
632:Absence of mythological importance
301:sets aside a skerry that he names
14:
1420:"Ecocriticism and Eyrbyggja saga"
1335:Revue de l'histoire des religions
1318:Sagas and the Circum-Baltic Arena
780:
640:as they are not mentioned in any
2918:Austri, Vestri, Norðri and Suðri
2160:
2159:
1607:Wiktionary, the free dictionary
1587:Wiktionary, the free dictionary
1278:. Brepols Publishers: 111–130.
1238:. Manchester University Press.
3355:Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán
1309:Hughes, Thomas Andrew (2022).
1105:
50:") are spirits of the land in
1:
1381:Scandinavian-Canadian Studies
858:Þorgilsson & Ellwood 1898
231:Offence through human actions
4281:Creatures in Norse mythology
1268:"How Elvish were the Álfar?"
698:, Anglo-Saxon household gods
660:, former High Priest of the
3425:Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr
1434:Sanmark, Alexandra (2010).
1360:. Brill. pp. 175–200.
68:establishment of the church
4314:
4092:Festivals and holy periods
1284:10.1484/m.mmages-eb.3.3608
1274:. Making the Middle Ages.
1217:. Wiltshire: Wyrd's Well.
1155:; Ellwood, Thomas (1898).
466:, one account describes a
447:Association with fertility
315:Harming and scaring humans
103:
3360:Nine Mothers of Heimdallr
3073:named animals and plants
2217:
2155:
1629:. ABG-SI LLC. 1 July 2020
1418:Phelpstead, Carl (2014).
1329:Meyland, Nicolas (2013).
1186:"Saga Ólafs Tryggvasonar"
485:Heimslýsing ok Helgifrœði
46:("land spirits" or "land
3181:Black elves (Svartálfar)
2016:Early Germanic calendars
1568:Old Icelandic Dictionary
1549:Old Icelandic Dictionary
1427:Leeds Studies in English
676:, on the obverse of the
524:Relation to other beings
487:, a homily found in the
4063:Sacred trees and groves
3303:Hamskerpir and Garðrofa
3176:Light elves (Ljósálfar)
1682:Gods and divine figures
1467:Schanda, Flora (2018).
1375:Nygaard, Simon (2021).
1266:Gunnell, Terry (2007).
932:Saga Ólafs Tryggvasonar
729:
593:
587:
581:
573:Þorvalds þáttr viðfǫrla
545:
536:
478:
468:
363:
348:Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar
303:
259:
218:
189:and is the ancestor of
170:
162:
154:
146:
134:
121:
111:
37:coat of arms of Iceland
29:Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar
3921:
3171:Dark elves (Dökkálfar)
2820:Narfi (father of Nott)
1167:"Landnámabók (Part 4)"
674:Icelandic coat of arms
551:
530:
459:
372:
360:
311:, which he held holy.
267:
256:
243:
210:
202:
194:
186:
178:
40:
3313:Skinfaxi and Hrímfaxi
2592:Sister-wife of Njörðr
1903:Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem
1889:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
1357:Dealing With The Dead
1213:Blain, Jenny (2000).
658:Jörmundur Ingi Hansen
454:
238:
22:
4083:Wetlands and islands
3203:Fjörgyn and Fjörgynn
2135:Modern pagan revival
2111:Wetlands and islands
1961:Old English language
1674:Anglo-Saxon paganism
1473:University of Vienna
299:Þórólfr Mostrarskegg
149:and its descendants
3365:Narfi (son of Loki)
2512:Þorgerðr Hölgabrúðr
1994:Society and culture
1937:Finnesburg Fragment
1917:De temporum ratione
1394:10.29173/scancan205
1048:, pp. 119–121.
1012:, pp. 185–186.
1000:, pp. 167–168.
986:Turville-Petre 1975
961:, pp. 116–117.
920:Turville-Petre 1975
812:, pp. 103–104.
727:The Old Norse is: "
519:Further scholarship
507:, wooded areas and
429:Egil Skallagrímsson
241:Oseberg ship burial
139:Proto-Indo-European
127:Proto-West Germanic
52:Old Nordic religion
4011:Religious practice
3985:Old Norse language
3452:Váli (son of Loki)
3340:Líf and Lífthrasir
3248:Árvakr and Alsviðr
3243:Horses of the Æsir
3223:Hati Hróðvitnisson
2364:Váli (son of Odin)
2207:Old Norse religion
1627:Sports Illustrated
1589:. 6 September 2023
460:
427:, when in Norway,
244:
100:Name and etymology
41:
4268:
4267:
4260:Nordic Bronze Age
4250:Germanic paganism
4238:
4237:
4109:Germanic calendar
4073:Temple at Uppsala
3871:
3870:
3475:
3474:
3435:Þjálfi and Röskva
3379:Personifications
2242:and other figures
2173:
2172:
2031:Germanic paganism
1785:Hengist and Horsa
1744:Wayland the Smith
1502:Steven, Rachael.
1451:978-1-84217-395-4
1367:978-90-04-35833-1
1293:978-2-503-52393-4
1245:978-0-7190-2207-4
1129:Sturluson, Snorri
622:Hrólfs saga kraka
618:Norna-Gests þáttr
557:Germanic folklore
397:
396:
292:
291:
4303:
4286:Tutelary deities
4008:
3926:
3693:Grove of fetters
3486:
3193:Fjalar (rooster)
2953:Fjalar and Galar
2247:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2177:
2163:
2162:
1955:Nine Herbs Charm
1667:
1660:
1653:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1540:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1498:
1476:
1463:
1430:
1424:
1414:
1396:
1371:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1325:
1315:
1305:
1262:
1249:
1228:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1171:heimskringla.com
1162:
1148:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
995:
989:
983:
974:
968:
962:
956:
950:
944:
935:
929:
923:
917:
908:
902:
896:
890:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
825:
819:
813:
807:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
757:
751:
734:
732:
725:
653:Modern Heathenry
638:Nordic mythology
596:
590:
584:
554:
548:
541:
533:
513:heathen religion
481:
471:
414:Jómsvíkinga saga
410:Four Evangelists
367:
357:
352:Harald Bluetooth
306:
262:
253:
221:
124:
118:
114:
60:modern Heathenry
4313:
4312:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4296:Chthonic beings
4271:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4234:
4190:Norse cosmology
4128:
4087:
3999:
3995:Later influence
3909:
3867:
3581:Other locations
3576:
3525:
3471:
3398:Sumarr and Vetr
3082:
3004:
2894:
2695:Gjálp and Greip
2596:
2531:
2378:
2243:
2241:
2232:
2222:
2213:
2204:
2174:
2169:
2151:
2130:
2056:Metrical charms
1989:
1876:
1860:
1799:
1753:
1677:
1671:
1641:
1632:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1610:
1601:
1592:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1570:
1562:
1553:
1551:
1543:
1537:
1521:
1512:
1510:
1508:Creative Review
1501:
1495:
1479:
1466:
1460:j.ctt1cd0nf9.14
1452:
1444:. Oxbow Books.
1433:
1422:
1417:
1374:
1368:
1353:
1344:
1342:
1328:
1313:
1308:
1294:
1265:
1252:
1246:
1231:
1225:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1194:
1192:
1190:heimskringla.no
1184:
1175:
1173:
1165:
1153:Þorgilsson, Ari
1151:
1145:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1084:, pp. 7–8.
1080:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1008:
1004:
996:
992:
984:
977:
969:
965:
957:
953:
945:
938:
930:
926:
918:
911:
903:
899:
891:
876:
872:, pp. 8–9.
870:Phelpstead 2014
868:
864:
856:
852:
846:Landnámabók (4)
844:
840:
832:
828:
820:
816:
808:
799:
791:
787:
779:
775:
767:
760:
752:
748:
743:
738:
737:
726:
722:
717:
686:
678:Icelandic króna
670:
668:Popular culture
662:Ásatrúarfélagið
655:
650:
634:
571:. Beyond this,
552:landdísasteinar
531:landdísasteinar
526:
521:
497:
449:
377:
369:
337:heathen customs
317:
272:
264:
233:
228:
226:Medieval period
216:As a compound,
108:
102:
96:
91:modern Heathens
17:
12:
11:
5:
4311:
4310:
4307:
4299:
4298:
4293:
4291:Nature spirits
4288:
4283:
4273:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4095:
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4080:
4075:
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4065:
4060:
4055:
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4045:
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4030:
4025:
4020:
4014:
4012:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3955:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3941:
3927:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3885:Æsir–Vanir War
3881:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3723:Hoddmímis holt
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3557:Körmt and Örmt
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3492:
3490:
3483:
3477:
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3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
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3401:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3090:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2988:Sons of Ivaldi
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2606:
2604:
2598:
2597:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2557:
2547:
2541:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2388:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2334:Móði and Magni
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2244:
2227:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2215:
2214:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2195:
2188:
2180:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2150:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1995:
1991:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1980:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1951:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1913:
1906:
1899:
1892:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1868:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1821:Dwarf (Dweorh)
1818:
1813:
1807:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1759:
1758:Heroic figures
1755:
1754:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1662:
1655:
1647:
1640:
1639:
1619:
1609:. 9 April 2023
1599:
1579:
1560:
1541:
1535:
1519:
1499:
1493:
1477:
1464:
1450:
1431:
1415:
1372:
1366:
1351:
1326:
1306:
1292:
1263:
1250:
1244:
1229:
1223:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1182:
1163:
1149:
1143:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1098:
1086:
1074:
1062:
1060:, p. 150.
1050:
1038:
1036:, p. 260.
1026:
1024:, p. 132.
1014:
1002:
990:
988:, p. 233.
975:
963:
951:
947:Sturluson 1961
936:
924:
922:, p. 232.
909:
897:
874:
862:
860:, p. 177.
850:
838:
836:, p. 116.
826:
814:
797:
785:
773:
758:
745:
744:
742:
739:
736:
735:
719:
718:
716:
713:
712:
711:
705:
699:
693:
685:
682:
669:
666:
654:
651:
649:
646:
633:
630:
525:
522:
520:
517:
499:The Norwegian
496:
493:
456:Hjörleifshöfði
448:
445:
418:Knýtlinga saga
395:
394:
391:Modern English
387:
379:
378:
370:
333:Hjörleifshöfði
316:
313:
295:Eyrbyggja saga
290:
289:
286:Modern English
282:
274:
273:
265:
232:
229:
227:
224:
159:Middle English
151:Middle English
131:Proto-Germanic
129:'*wihti' from
101:
98:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4309:
4308:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4131:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4090:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4053:Öndvegissúlur
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4033:Heitstrenging
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4009:
4006:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3980:Völsung Cycle
3978:
3976:
3975:Tyrfing Cycle
3973:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3923:Gesta Danorum
3919:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3895:Fróði's Peace
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3534:
3532:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3420:Shield-maiden
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3094:Ask and Embla
3092:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
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3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3007:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
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2897:
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2868:
2866:
2863:
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2841:
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2818:
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2813:
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2808:
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2803:
2801:
2798:
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2783:
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2778:
2776:
2773:
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2698:
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2676:
2673:
2671:
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2658:
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2653:
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2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:Ingunar-Freyr
2553:
2552:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2525:
2523:
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2498:
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2468:
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2423:
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2413:
2410:
2408:
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2400:
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2327:
2325:
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2300:
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2277:
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2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2245:
2239:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2201:
2196:
2194:
2189:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2178:
2166:
2158:
2157:
2154:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2116:Wilweorthunga
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1943:
1942:Franks Casket
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1802:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1750:
1747:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:and mythology
1675:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1536:9780837174204
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1494:9780859915137
1490:
1486:
1482:
1481:Simek, Rudolf
1478:
1474:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1428:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1035:
1034:de Vries 1956
1030:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1003:
999:
994:
991:
987:
982:
980:
976:
972:
967:
964:
960:
955:
952:
949:, Chapter 37.
948:
943:
941:
937:
933:
928:
925:
921:
916:
914:
910:
906:
901:
898:
894:
889:
887:
885:
883:
881:
879:
875:
871:
866:
863:
859:
854:
851:
847:
842:
839:
835:
830:
827:
823:
818:
815:
811:
810:Davidson 1988
806:
804:
802:
798:
794:
793:OID-Landvættr
789:
786:
782:
777:
774:
770:
765:
763:
759:
755:
750:
747:
740:
731:
724:
721:
714:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
687:
683:
681:
679:
675:
667:
665:
663:
659:
652:
648:Modern period
647:
645:
643:
639:
631:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
605:
603:
598:
595:
589:
583:
578:
574:
570:
564:
562:
558:
553:
547:
540:
539:
532:
523:
518:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
494:
492:
490:
486:
480:
475:
470:
465:
457:
453:
446:
444:
442:
438:
437:Erik Bloodaxe
434:
430:
426:
421:
419:
415:
411:
406:
402:
392:
388:
385:
381:
380:
376:
371:
368:
366:
359:
358:
355:
353:
349:
345:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
314:
312:
310:
305:
300:
296:
287:
283:
280:
276:
275:
271:
266:
263:
261:
255:
254:
251:
249:
242:
237:
230:
225:
223:
220:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
123:
113:
107:
99:
97:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
75:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
38:
34:
30:
26:
21:
3943:
3936:
3929:
3900:Hjaðningavíg
3678:Glæsisvellir
3444:
3218:Gullinbursti
2865:Útgarða-Loki
2259:Almáttki áss
1984:Wið færstice
1982:
1975:
1953:
1946:
1929:
1922:
1915:
1908:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1804:Other beings
1631:. Retrieved
1626:
1611:. Retrieved
1606:
1591:. Retrieved
1586:
1571:. Retrieved
1567:
1552:. Retrieved
1548:
1526:
1511:. Retrieved
1507:
1484:
1472:
1440:
1426:
1384:
1380:
1356:
1343:. Retrieved
1341:(3): 333–354
1338:
1334:
1321:
1317:
1275:
1271:
1258:
1254:
1234:
1214:
1193:. Retrieved
1189:
1174:. Retrieved
1170:
1161:. T. Wilson.
1157:
1133:
1116:Bibliography
1101:
1089:
1077:
1072:, p. 7.
1065:
1058:Nygaard 2021
1053:
1046:Gunnell 2007
1041:
1029:
1017:
1005:
998:Sanmark 2010
993:
973:, p. 5.
971:Schanda 2018
966:
959:Gunnell 2007
954:
927:
907:, p. 4.
905:Schanda 2018
900:
893:Meyland 2013
865:
853:
841:
834:Gunnell 2007
829:
822:Noetzel 2018
817:
788:
776:
749:
723:
671:
656:
635:
626:Þiðriks saga
614:Kormaks saga
606:
599:
577:Kristni saga
565:
527:
498:
474:second sight
461:
422:
398:
393:Translation
373:
361:
344:Heimskringla
341:
318:
293:
288:Translation
268:
257:
245:
215:
109:
95:
76:
43:
42:
25:Heimskringla
4058:Reginnaglar
3990:Orthography
3963:Jómsvíkinga
3938:Poetic Edda
3851:Urðarbrunnr
3846:Mímisbrunnr
3778:Singasteinn
3708:Hindarfjall
3688:Gnipahellir
3668:Ginnungagap
3643:Fyrisvellir
3638:Fornsigtuna
3572:Vimur River
3562:Slidr River
3335:Jörmungandr
2745:Hrímgrímnir
2374:Vili and Vé
1931:Ealuscerwen
1872:Middangeard
1836:Eoten/Thurs
1573:18 November
1387:: 144–177.
1022:Hughes 2022
702:Genius loci
464:Landnámabók
346:version of
321:Landnámabók
248:Úlfljótslǫg
219:land-vættir
143:Old English
74:law codes.
56:folk belief
27:version of
4275:Categories
4225:Viking Age
4200:Philosophy
4068:Sonargöltr
3953:Runestones
3945:Prose Edda
3890:Fimbulvetr
3841:Hvergelmir
3808:Valaskjálf
3768:Sessrúmnir
3738:Jötunheimr
3713:Hlidskjalf
3703:Himinbjörg
3673:Glaðsheimr
3658:Gastropnir
3613:Bilskirnir
3593:Amsvartnir
3506:Gjallarbrú
3489:Underworld
3445:Landvættir
3345:Loddfáfnir
3323:Svaðilfari
3308:Hófvarpnir
3253:Blóðughófi
3233:Hildisvíni
3109:Aurvandill
2870:Vafþrúðnir
2855:Þrúðgelmir
2715:Harðgreipr
1971:Sutton Hoo
1966:Spong Hill
1613:29 October
1593:29 October
1554:30 October
1345:7 November
1324:: 128–134.
1224:0953904407
1195:31 October
1144:0460008471
1082:Blain 2000
1070:Blain 2000
1010:Simek 2008
741:References
644:material.
569:holy grove
509:waterfalls
425:Egils saga
104:See also:
44:Landvættir
33:supporters
4180:Mead hall
4114:Þorrablót
3968:Legendary
3863:Yggdrasil
3823:Víðbláinn
3818:Vanaheimr
3793:Þrymheimr
3788:Þrúðvangr
3783:Þrúðheimr
3753:Munarvágr
3743:Mímameiðr
3718:Hnitbjorg
3633:Fólkvangr
3618:Brávellir
3567:Vadgelmir
3552:Kerlaugar
3521:Niðafjöll
3481:Locations
3457:Valkyries
3405:Sæhrímnir
3293:Gulltoppr
3258:Falhófnir
3156:Einherjar
3139:Landdísir
2973:Mótsognir
2963:Hreiðmarr
2875:Víðblindi
2825:Sökkmímir
2815:Mögþrasir
2775:Hyrrokkin
2740:Hrímgerðr
2735:Hræsvelgr
2725:Helreginn
2720:Helblindi
2640:Bergelmir
2304:Ítreksjóð
2211:mythology
2147:Seax-Wica
2142:Heathenry
2061:Moot hill
1865:Locations
1775:Eormenric
1411:246009592
1403:2816-5187
1302:163209884
1206:Secondary
1176:17 August
754:OID-Vættr
546:landdísir
538:landdísir
431:erects a
384:Old Norse
309:Helgafell
279:Old Norse
207:Icelandic
87:landdísir
64:níðstangs
4243:See also
4165:Hamingja
4119:Vetrnætr
4104:Dísablót
4099:Álfablót
3905:Ragnarök
3813:Valhalla
3803:Útgarðar
3748:Myrkviðr
3733:Járnviðr
3728:Iðavöllr
3648:Gálgviðr
3628:Fensalir
3537:Élivágar
3511:Náströnd
3501:Éljúðnir
3370:Níðhöggr
3318:Sleipnir
3288:Gullfaxi
3188:Fimafeng
3104:Auðumbla
2923:Billingr
2850:Þrívaldi
2835:Suttungr
2790:Járnsaxa
2760:Hrungnir
2690:Gillingr
2685:Geirröðr
2665:Fárbauti
2655:Býleistr
2620:Angrboða
2572:Gullveig
2284:Heimdall
2274:Dellingr
2165:Category
2101:Weregild
2021:Folkmoot
1851:Wælcyrge
1525:(1975).
1483:(2008).
1131:(1961).
684:See also
602:chthonic
594:bergbúar
501:Gulating
489:Hauksbók
479:bergbúar
441:Gunnhild
433:níðstöng
405:bergrisi
304:Dritsker
72:Gulating
54:, later
4195:Numbers
4175:Kenning
4048:Worship
4004:Society
3914:Sources
3833:Vingólf
3828:Vígríðr
3798:Uppsala
3763:Okolnir
3683:Glitnir
3653:Gandvik
3608:Bifröst
3598:Andlang
3516:Niflhel
3462:Völundr
3410:Skírnir
3350:Móðguðr
3146:Dragons
3129:Byggvir
2958:Gandalf
2943:Dvalinn
2913:Andvari
2750:Hrímnir
2705:Gunnlöð
2675:Fornjót
2670:Fjölvar
2650:Bölþorn
2625:Aurboða
2615:Alvaldi
2567:Gersemi
2384:Ásynjur
2289:Hermóðr
2279:Forseti
2229:Deities
2051:Maypole
1977:Widsith
1910:Beowulf
1896:Æcerbot
1881:Sources
1795:Waldere
1583:"wight"
1121:Primary
769:*wihtiz
690:Animism
582:spámaðr
469:bergbúi
329:thralls
191:Swedish
133:: *
35:on the
4038:Horses
3877:Events
3858:Ýdalir
3837:Wells
3773:Sindri
3758:Nóatún
3623:Brimir
3588:Asgard
3547:Ífingr
3530:Rivers
3440:Vættir
3298:Gyllir
3208:Fylgja
3198:Fenrir
3151:Draugs
3087:Others
3010:Heroes
2993:Brokkr
2948:Fáfnir
2938:Dúrnir
2933:Durinn
2908:Alvíss
2900:Dwarfs
2885:Vörnir
2795:Laufey
2660:Eggþér
2645:Bestla
2602:Jötnar
2587:Njörðr
2582:Kvasir
2545:Freyja
2497:Snotra
2457:Njörun
2412:Gefjon
2369:Víðarr
2309:Lóðurr
2238:jötnar
2234:dwarfs
2081:Symbel
2041:Horses
2011:Burial
2006:Blōtan
1816:Dragon
1811:Cofgod
1790:Sceafa
1724:Saxnot
1714:Hretha
1709:Gefjon
1699:Ēostre
1633:6 July
1533:
1513:6 July
1491:
1458:
1448:
1409:
1401:
1364:
1300:
1290:
1261:: 260.
1242:
1221:
1141:
1094:Steven
696:Cofgod
588:ármaðr
561:dwarfs
401:dragon
365:smátt.
211:vættur
199:Danish
175:German
135:wihtiz
122:Vættir
119:
83:dwarfs
48:wights
4230:Völva
4220:Skald
4215:Seiðr
4210:Runes
4205:Rings
4170:Heiti
4155:Galdr
4150:Félag
4140:Death
4133:Other
4043:Hörgr
3958:Sagas
3698:Heiðr
3663:Gimlé
3603:Barri
3542:Gjöll
3467:Vörðr
3430:Troll
3415:Sköll
3375:Norns
3283:Grani
3278:Glenr
3268:Glaðr
3238:Hjúki
3213:Garmr
3166:Elves
3161:Eldir
3134:Dísir
3114:Beyla
3048:Hi–Hy
2998:Eitri
2983:Regin
2928:Dáinn
2880:Vosud
2860:Þrymr
2840:Þjazi
2830:Surtr
2800:Leikn
2770:Hymir
2765:Hrymr
2755:Hroðr
2730:Hljod
2710:Gymir
2700:Gríðr
2680:Gangr
2630:Baugi
2577:Hnoss
2560:Yngvi
2550:Freyr
2537:Vanir
2517:Þrúðr
2492:Skaði
2487:Sjöfn
2482:Sigyn
2467:Rindr
2452:Nanna
2432:Iðunn
2417:Gerðr
2407:Fulla
2402:Frigg
2329:Mímir
2324:Meili
2299:Hœnir
2269:Bragi
2264:Baldr
2106:Wicce
2096:Thyle
2091:Thing
2086:Thegn
2071:Rings
2066:Runes
2036:Hearg
2026:Frith
1856:Wight
1770:Beowa
1749:Wōden
1729:Þunor
1704:Frige
1694:Beowa
1456:JSTOR
1423:(PDF)
1407:S2CID
1314:(PDF)
1298:S2CID
781:wight
715:Notes
642:Eddic
505:howes
386:text
325:blóts
281:text
203:vætte
195:vätte
187:Wicht
183:Dutch
179:Wicht
171:wicht
167:Scots
155:wight
137:from
112:Vættr
106:Wight
79:elves
31:, as
4160:Goði
4145:Ergi
4124:Yule
4023:Blót
3931:Edda
3393:Nótt
3388:Elli
3383:Dagr
3330:Jörð
3273:Glær
3263:Gísl
3124:Búri
3119:Borr
3099:Auðr
3043:H–He
2968:Litr
2890:Ymir
2845:Þökk
2810:Logi
2805:Litr
2635:Beli
2610:Ægir
2472:Sága
2447:Lofn
2442:Irpa
2437:Ilmr
2427:Hlín
2359:Ullr
2349:Thor
2339:Odin
2319:Máni
2314:Loki
2294:Höðr
2251:Æsir
2209:and
2126:Yule
2121:Wyrd
2076:Scop
2001:Bēot
1924:Deor
1846:Neck
1841:Mare
1831:Ides
1780:Finn
1765:Ægil
1739:Wade
1635:2020
1615:2023
1595:2023
1575:2023
1556:2023
1531:ISBN
1515:2020
1489:ISBN
1446:ISBN
1399:ISSN
1362:ISBN
1347:2023
1288:ISBN
1240:ISBN
1219:ISBN
1197:2023
1178:2022
1139:ISBN
708:Kami
624:and
610:blót
575:and
439:and
205:and
163:wiȝt
147:wiht
85:and
58:and
4185:Nīþ
4028:Hof
3496:Hel
3228:Hel
3063:T–Y
3058:P–S
3053:I–O
3038:F–G
3033:D–E
3028:B–C
2978:Ótr
2780:Iði
2527:Vör
2522:Vár
2507:Syn
2502:Sól
2477:Sif
2462:Rán
2422:Gná
2397:Eir
2392:Bil
2354:Týr
2344:Óðr
2046:Law
1826:Elf
1734:Tiw
1719:Ing
1689:Ēse
1389:doi
1339:230
1280:doi
585:or
462:In
423:In
331:at
246:In
157:or
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