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25-50% of the rainfall in the Amazon basin comes from the forest, and if deforestation reaches 30-40% most of the Amazon basin will enter a permanent dry climate. In another article published by Nature, it points out that tropical deforestation can lead to large reductions in observed precipitation.
222:
A rain shadow is a dry area on the leeward side of a mountainous area (away from the wind). The mountains block the passage of rain-producing weather systems and cast a "shadow" of dryness behind them. Wind and moist air is drawn by the prevailing winds towards the top of the mountains, where it
522:
544:
Zemp, Delphine; Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich; Barbosa, Henrique; Sampaio, Gilvan; Hirota, Marina; Rammig, Anja (2015). "Cascading effects of deforestation and drying trends on reduced forest resilience in the Amazon region".
223:
condenses and precipitates before it crosses the top. In an effect opposite that of orographic lift, the air, without much moisture left, advances behind the mountains creating a drier side called the "rain shadow".
1776:
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874:
Malhi, Yadvinder; Roberts, J. Timmons; Betts, Richard A.; Killeen, Timothy J.; Li, Wenhong; Nobre, Carlos A. (11 January 2008). "Climate Change, Deforestation, and the Fate of the Amazon".
1478:
839:
Peter Greve; Boris
Orlowsky; Brigitte Mueller; Justin Sheffield; Markus Reichstein & Sonia I. Seneviratne (2014). "Global assessment of trends in wetting and drying over land".
81:, that evaporation rates from forested areas may exceed that of the oceans, creating zones of low pressure, which enhance the development of storms and rainfall through atmospheric
3174:
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by as much as 14 °C (25 °F) in just a matter of minutes. Central Europe enjoys a warmer climate due to the Föhn, as moist winds off the
Mediterranean Sea blow over the
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published a similar paper in support of this concept in 2009. In addition, with deforestation and/or destruction of grasslands, the amount of
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2001:
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475:"USGS Open-File Report 2012–1155: National Climate Assessment Technical Report on the Impacts of Climate and Land Use and Land Cover Change"
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Deforestation, and conversion of grasslands to desert, may also lead to cooling of the regional climate. This is because of the
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Zemp, Delphine; Schleussner, Carl-Friedrich; Barbosa, Henrique; Sampaio, Gilvan; Hirota, Marina; Rammig, Anja (12 April 2015).
123:
effect (sunlight reflected by bare ground) during the day, and rapid radiation of heat into space at night, due to the lack of
473:
Carleton, Thomas
Loveland, Rezaul Mahmood, Toral Patel-Weynand, Krista Karstensen, Kari Beckendorf, Norman Bliss, and Andrew.
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663:"Where do winds come from? A new theory on how water vapor condensation influences atmospheric pressure and dynamics"
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519:"Cascading effects of deforestation and drying trends on reduced forest resilience in the Amazon region"
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of moist and dry air, the air on the leeward slopes becomes warmer than equivalent elevations on the
138:
1108:
YouTube presentation: "Do forests attract rain?" from the Center for
International Forestry Research
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play a significant role. Some of these environmental changes are similar to those caused by the
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YouTube TED presentation by Allan Savory on using conservation grazing to green desert areas
1077:. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office. February 8, 2006. See January 22 entry.
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YouTube: "Green Desert," a documentary film about the effects of deforestation in
Indonesia
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983:"Rain comes from the ground not the sky, Fukuoka (masanobu fukuoka forum at permies)"
810:"Huge parts of world are drying up: Land 'evapotranspiration' taking unexpected turn"
518:
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93:
harvested (or condensed) by plants is greatly diminished. All of this contributes to
74:
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1127:
1113:
YouTube TEDx presentation by Peter
Westerveld on restored land helping to bring rain
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157:, are examples of methods that might help prevent or lessen these drying effects.
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Föhn can be initiated when deep low pressures move into Europe drawing moist
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927:"Tropical deforestation causes large reductions in observed precipitation"
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VIDEO: Reversing climate change is all very simple, says Peter
Westerveld
661:
A. M. Makarieva; V. G. Gorshkov; D. Sheil; A. D. Nobre; B.-L. Li (2013).
288:
276:
warming of air that has dropped most of its moisture on windward slopes (
189:
177:
146:
128:
1017:, translators Chris Pearce, Tsune Kurosawa and Larry Korn, Rodale Press.
19:
are wide-ranging and vary by region. Deforestation and exploitation of
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3154:
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1971:
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1103:
YouTube interview with Susan
Martinez, Ph.D., on "global drying" theory
246:
185:
474:
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1845:
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120:
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605:"Tropical drying trends in global warming models and observations"
393:
251:
201:
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296:
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1131:
731:"How forests attract rain: an examination of a new hypothesis"
90:
925:
Smith, C.; Baker, J. C. A.; Spracklen, D. V. (March 2023).
245:
is a type of dry, warm, down-slope wind that occurs in the
104:
This concept of land-atmosphere feedback is common among
2514:
Self-indication assumption doomsday argument rebuttal
1075:"South Dakota Weather History and Trivia for January"
41:
Major land surface changes affecting climate include
2440:
Safety of high-energy particle collision experiments
3648:
3617:
3550:
3408:
3079:
2954:
2865:
2822:
2815:
2781:
2585:
2576:
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2345:
2120:
1908:
1571:
1501:
1403:
1395:
United
Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
1319:
1231:
1169:
116:, said "rain comes from the ground, not the sky."
449:"How does land-use change affect climate change?"
3568:List of apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
729:Sheil, Douglas & Daniel Murdiyarso (2009).
283:). As a consequence of the different adiabatic
3466:List of dates predicted for apocalyptic events
184:to a higher elevation as it moves over rising
2471:Existential risk from artificial intelligence
2298:
1479:
1143:
8:
502:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
61:, or lack of grazing. These changes in the
2519:Self-referencing doomsday argument rebuttal
1028:"Deforestation causes cooling, study shows"
2819:
2622:Climate change and civilizational collapse
2582:
2305:
2291:
2283:
1486:
1472:
1464:
1150:
1136:
1128:
401:, also known as China's "Green Great Wall"
1997:Environmental issues in the United States
958:
699:
681:
607:. UCLA Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences.
547:EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts
87:American Institute of Biological Sciences
73:, in the atmosphere, limiting clouds and
3625:Centre for the Study of Existential Risk
3563:Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction
1982:Effects of climate change on agriculture
77:. It has been proposed, in the journal
778:Staniford, Stuart (December 29, 2011).
411:
1987:Effects of climate change on livestock
1431:Land use, land-use change and forestry
1081:from the original on December 19, 2014
1038:from the original on February 18, 2021
820:from the original on November 11, 2020
611:from the original on February 25, 2020
495:
420:"The Effect of Land Masses on Climate"
272:wind that results from the subsequent
1057:Peter Westerveld (December 8, 2010).
632:"Climate Change Is Drying Up Islands"
574:"Opinion - Deforestation and Drought"
249:(downwind side) of a mountain range.
7:
2642:Tipping points in the climate system
2241:
2097:Tropical cyclones and climate change
1380:Managed intensive rotational grazing
1015:: An Introduction to Natural Farming
790:from the original on August 29, 2017
2637:Extinction risk from climate change
2536:New World Order (conspiracy theory)
2130:Alternative fuel vehicle propulsion
392:, forest initiative in the African
3789:Climate change and the environment
3597:List of fictional doomsday devices
1256:Soil retrogression and degradation
780:"A Hypothesis about Global Drying"
525:from the original on 17 April 2021
399:Three-North Shelter Forest Program
14:
2617:Cataclysmic pole shift hypothesis
1777:pharmaceuticals and personal care
204:and, under the right conditions,
79:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
3733:
3732:
3720:
2878:Decline in amphibian populations
2252:
2251:
2240:
1928:decline in amphibian populations
1633:Deforestation and climate change
1411:Forest Landscape Integrity Index
1222:
1189:Deforestation and climate change
642:from the original on May 7, 2016
360:Tropical rainforest conservation
325:Deforestation and climate change
3784:Land surface effects on climate
3229:Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
2726:Land surface effects on climate
2699:Human impact on the environment
2330:Future of an expanding universe
2062:Land surface effects on climate
1519:Environmental impact assessment
1495:Human impact on the environment
1426:Land surface effects on climate
993:from the original on 2016-09-23
711:from the original on 2020-07-30
630:Niiler, Eric (April 11, 2016).
586:from the original on 2021-04-11
572:Robbins, Jim (9 October 2015).
485:from the original on 2018-08-21
430:from the original on 2021-01-25
176:Orographic lift occurs when an
161:Mountain meteorological effects
17:Land surface effects on climate
1331:Arid Lands Information Network
1:
3175:Interpretations of Revelation
2977:Cosmological phase transition
2883:Decline in insect populations
2335:Ultimate fate of the universe
1933:decline in insect populations
330:Assisted natural regeneration
291:slopes. Föhn winds can raise
3630:Future of Humanity Institute
3027:Potentially hazardous object
2927:Interplanetary contamination
3510:Nemesis (hypothetical star)
2659:Global terrestrial stilling
1360:Farmer-managed regeneration
3830:
3022:Asteroid impact prediction
2997:Heat death of the universe
2407:Mutual assured destruction
951:10.1038/s41586-022-05690-1
230:
215:
169:
34:
3714:
3640:Nuclear Threat Initiative
3573:List of apocalyptic films
3416:2011 end times prediction
3148:Prophecy of Seventy Weeks
3143:Abomination of desolation
3017:Asteroid impact avoidance
2847:List of extinction events
2689:Environmental degradation
2476:Technological singularity
2320:
2314:Global catastrophic risks
2235:
2170:Environmental engineering
2017:Environmental degradation
1794:fishing down the food web
1370:Great Green Wall (Africa)
1220:
1063:(YouTube). TEDxAmsterdam.
533:– via ResearchGate.
25:effects of global warming
3794:Climate change feedbacks
3635:Future of Life Institute
3537:Resurrection of the dead
3530:Post-tribulation rapture
2912:Colony collapse disorder
2175:Environmental mitigation
2032:Greenhouse gas emissions
1992:Environmental insecurity
1375:Great Green Wall (China)
1246:Historic desertification
1013:The One-Straw Revolution
750:10.1525/bio.2009.59.4.12
701:10.5194/acp-13-1039-2013
385:Great Plains Shelterbelt
188:. As the air mass gains
143:holistic land management
114:The One Straw Revolution
2461:Artificial intelligence
2222:Sustainable consumption
1563:Social ecology (ethics)
1421:Intact forest landscape
1194:Deforestation by region
896:10.1126/science.1146961
37:Deforestation by region
3590:List of disaster films
3431:Apocalyptic literature
2531:Malthusian catastrophe
2457:Synthetic intelligence
2165:Ecological engineering
1945:runaway climate change
1355:Ecological engineering
315:Ecological engineering
265:
196:, which can raise the
192:it quickly cools down
49:), and destruction of
2972:Coronal mass ejection
2434:Electromagnetic pulse
2395:Kinetic energy weapon
1548:List of global issues
1436:List of global issues
1034:. November 16, 2011.
255:
180:is forced from a low
31:Deforestation effects
3374:War of Gog and Magog
3051:Near-Earth supernova
2801:Human overpopulation
2605:Mass mortality event
2499:Anthropogenic hazard
2150:Community resilience
1950:in the United States
1918:Biodiversity threats
1591:cannabis cultivation
1558:Planetary boundaries
1524:Environmental issues
1514:Ecological footprint
1340:Conservation grazing
816:. October 11, 2010.
370:Weather modification
139:conservation grazing
129:atmospheric moisture
112:, who, in his book,
3814:Forest conservation
3446:Blood moon prophecy
3239:Number of the Beast
2837:Holocene extinction
2783:Earth Overshoot Day
2731:Ocean acidification
2694:Habitat destruction
2684:Ecological collapse
2390:Kinetic bombardment
2325:Future of the Earth
2212:Restoration ecology
2145:Climate engineering
2082:Ocean acidification
2072:Loss of green belts
2042:Holocene extinction
2037:Habitat destruction
1712:Environmental crime
1365:Flexible Mechanisms
1204:Mountaintop removal
943:2023Natur.615..270S
888:2008Sci...319..169M
853:2014NatGe...7..716G
692:2013ACP....13.1039M
559:2015EGUGA..1715338Z
365:Climate engineering
320:Restoration ecology
200:to 100% and create
3761:Doomsday scenarios
3327:Beast of the Earth
3219:Book of Revelation
3007:Virtual black hole
2987:False vacuum decay
2937:Pollinator decline
2900:Biological warfare
2890:Biotechnology risk
2741:Resource depletion
2227:Waste minimization
2185:Mitigation banking
2180:Industrial ecology
2140:Cleaner production
2092:Resource depletion
1628:Corporate behavior
1586:animal agriculture
1251:Moisture recycling
579:The New York Times
355:Tropical rain belt
340:Evapotranspiration
335:Moisture recycling
310:Forest restoration
266:
97:in these regions.
83:moisture recycling
67:evapotranspiration
21:natural landscapes
3771:
3770:
3602:Zombie apocalypse
3503:Postmillennialism
3298:Great Tribulation
3071:Stellar collision
3032:Near-Earth object
2982:Geomagnetic storm
2950:
2949:
2873:Biodiversity loss
2857:Genetic pollution
2811:
2810:
2600:Biodiversity loss
2563:Societal collapse
2541:Nuclear holocaust
2526:Economic collapse
2509:Doomsday argument
2427:Antimatter weapon
2280:
2279:
2102:Water degradation
1977:Ecological crisis
1923:biodiversity loss
1722:Industrialisation
1707:Genetic pollution
1553:Impact assessment
1461:
1460:
1441:Natural landscape
937:(7951): 270–275.
882:(5860): 169–172.
841:Nature Geoscience
670:Atmos. Chem. Phys
424:PBS LearningMedia
380:Al Baydha Project
345:Precipitationshed
198:relative humidity
63:natural landscape
3821:
3736:
3735:
3727:World portal
3725:
3724:
3686:Financial crisis
3515:Nibiru cataclysm
3493:Premillennialism
3337:Dhul-Suwayqatayn
3305:Son of perdition
3293:Olivet Discourse
3269:Whore of Babylon
2895:Biological agent
2842:Human extinction
2832:Extinction event
2820:
2791:Overexploitation
2721:Land consumption
2716:Land degradation
2583:
2445:Micro black hole
2353:Chemical warfare
2307:
2300:
2293:
2284:
2255:
2254:
2244:
2243:
2077:Phosphorus cycle
2057:Land consumption
2052:Land degradation
2027:Freshwater cycle
1826:Overexploitation
1799:marine pollution
1606:cocoa production
1488:
1481:
1474:
1465:
1404:Related articles
1226:
1152:
1145:
1138:
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1091:
1090:
1088:
1086:
1071:
1065:
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1054:
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999:
998:
979:
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972:
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922:
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915:
871:
865:
864:
861:10.1038/ngeo2247
836:
830:
829:
827:
825:
806:
800:
799:
797:
795:
775:
769:
768:
766:
760:. Archived from
735:
726:
720:
719:
717:
716:
710:
703:
685:
676:(2): 1039–1056.
667:
658:
652:
651:
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627:
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601:
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534:
532:
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508:
507:
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493:
491:
490:
470:
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463:
461:
460:
451:. Archived from
445:
439:
438:
436:
435:
416:
390:Great Green Wall
151:water harvesting
110:Masanobu Fukuoka
3829:
3828:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3809:Desertification
3799:Climate forcing
3774:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3746:Future problems
3719:
3710:
3644:
3613:
3580:Climate fiction
3546:
3421:2012 phenomenon
3404:
3310:Sheep and Goats
3197:2 Thessalonians
3075:
2992:Gamma-ray burst
2946:
2861:
2852:Genetic erosion
2807:
2777:
2768:Water pollution
2736:Ozone depletion
2632:Desertification
2572:
2487:
2422:Doomsday device
2402:Nuclear warfare
2341:
2316:
2311:
2281:
2276:
2231:
2190:Organic farming
2116:
2107:Water pollution
2087:Ozone depletion
2067:Loss and damage
1967:Desertification
1904:
1816:Overconsumption
1737:cleaning agents
1638:Energy industry
1601:meat production
1567:
1497:
1492:
1462:
1457:
1399:
1345:Desert greening
1315:
1233:Desertification
1227:
1218:
1199:Illegal logging
1165:
1163:desertification
1156:
1099:
1094:
1084:
1082:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1041:
1039:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1009:
1005:
996:
994:
987:www.permies.com
981:
980:
976:
924:
923:
919:
873:
872:
868:
847:(10): 716–721.
838:
837:
833:
823:
821:
808:
807:
803:
793:
791:
777:
776:
772:
764:
733:
728:
727:
723:
714:
712:
708:
665:
660:
659:
655:
645:
643:
629:
628:
624:
614:
612:
603:
602:
598:
589:
587:
571:
570:
566:
543:
542:
538:
528:
526:
516:
515:
511:
494:
488:
486:
472:
471:
467:
458:
456:
447:
446:
442:
433:
431:
418:
417:
413:
409:
404:
375:Desert greening
305:
281:orographic lift
235:
229:
220:
214:
174:
172:Orographic lift
168:
166:Orographic lift
163:
106:permaculturists
95:desertification
55:xeric woodlands
45:(especially in
39:
33:
12:
11:
5:
3827:
3825:
3817:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3776:
3775:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3741:Apocalypticism
3730:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3599:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3585:Disaster films
3582:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3570:
3560:
3558:Alien invasion
3554:
3552:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3506:
3505:
3500:
3498:Amillennialism
3495:
3485:
3483:Millenarianism
3480:
3479:
3478:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3436:Apocalypticism
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3332:Dhu al-Qarnayn
3329:
3324:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3301:
3300:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3278:Great Apostasy
3275:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3178:
3177:
3167:
3157:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3135:
3125:
3123:Last Judgement
3120:
3119:
3118:
3113:
3103:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3085:
3083:
3081:Eschatological
3077:
3076:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3024:
3019:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2945:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2880:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2826:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2803:
2796:Overpopulation
2793:
2787:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2773:Water scarcity
2770:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2748:
2746:Sea level rise
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2712:
2711:
2709:on marine life
2706:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2664:Global warming
2661:
2656:
2654:Global dimming
2651:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2612:Cascade effect
2609:
2608:
2607:
2597:
2591:
2589:
2587:Climate change
2580:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2506:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2480:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2417:Doomsday Clock
2414:
2409:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2370:
2368:Cyberterrorism
2365:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2310:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2287:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2248:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2217:Sustainability
2214:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2112:Water scarcity
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2047:Nitrogen cycle
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2012:Forest dieback
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1940:Climate change
1937:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1914:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1757:nanotechnology
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1619:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1577:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1541:on marine life
1533:
1532:
1531:
1529:list of issues
1521:
1516:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1498:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1476:
1468:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1407:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1263:
1261:Water scarcity
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1216:
1214:Slash-and-char
1211:
1209:Slash-and-burn
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1175:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1157:
1155:
1154:
1147:
1140:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1098:
1097:External links
1095:
1093:
1092:
1066:
1049:
1019:
1003:
974:
917:
866:
831:
801:
770:
767:on 2013-03-19.
721:
653:
636:Discovery News
622:
596:
564:
536:
509:
465:
440:
410:
408:
405:
403:
402:
396:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
347:
342:
337:
332:
327:
322:
317:
312:
306:
304:
301:
231:Main article:
228:
225:
216:Main article:
213:
210:
170:Main article:
167:
164:
162:
159:
155:keyline design
47:tropical areas
32:
29:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3826:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3804:Deforestation
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3756:Risk analysis
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3713:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3701:Social crisis
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3647:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:Organizations
3616:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3543:
3542:World to come
3540:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3488:Millennialism
3486:
3484:
3481:
3477:
3476:Messianic Age
3474:
3473:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3461:Gog and Magog
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3451:Earth Changes
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3288:New Jerusalem
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3264:War in Heaven
3262:
3260:
3259:Two witnesses
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3128:Second Coming
3126:
3124:
3121:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3078:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3033:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2892:
2891:
2888:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2864:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2818:
2814:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2627:Deforestation
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2568:World War III
2566:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2483:Transhumanism
2481:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2442:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2393:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:Technological
2344:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2315:
2308:
2303:
2301:
2296:
2294:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2249:
2247:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2200:Reforestation
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2155:Cultured meat
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2135:Birth control
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
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784:Early Warning
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455:on 2016-06-09
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260:air over the
259:
258:Mediterranean
254:
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206:precipitation
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194:adiabatically
191:
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135:Reforestation
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48:
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43:deforestation
38:
30:
28:
26:
22:
18:
3718:
3661:Cyberwarfare
3379:Third Temple
3234:Lake of fire
3044:Rogue planet
3012:Impact event
3002:Proton decay
2955:Astronomical
2905:Bioterrorism
2751:Supervolcano
2725:
2649:Flood basalt
2595:Anoxic event
2504:Collapsology
2492:Sociological
2363:Cyberwarfare
2061:
1893:urban sprawl
1888:Urbanization
1836:Particulates
1821:Overdrafting
1536:Human impact
1509:Anthropocene
1445:
1425:
1385:Oasification
1085:November 13,
1083:. Retrieved
1069:
1059:
1052:
1040:. Retrieved
1031:
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995:. Retrieved
986:
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840:
834:
822:. Retrieved
814:ScienceDaily
813:
804:
792:. Retrieved
783:
773:
762:the original
741:
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724:
713:. Retrieved
673:
669:
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644:. Retrieved
635:
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613:. Retrieved
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588:. Retrieved
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527:. Retrieved
512:
487:. Retrieved
478:
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457:. Retrieved
453:the original
443:
432:. Retrieved
423:
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293:temperatures
277:
267:
242:
238:
236:
221:
175:
133:
118:
113:
103:
99:
40:
16:
15:
3737:Categories
3706:Survivalism
3393:Zoroastrian
3249:Seven seals
3244:Seven bowls
3170:Historicism
3066:Solar flare
2942:Overfishing
2917:Defaunation
2704:coral reefs
2466:AI takeover
2385:Nanoweapons
2373:Cybergeddon
2358:Cyberattack
2007:Externality
2002:Coral reefs
1962:Defaunation
1831:Overgrazing
1804:overfishing
1784:Marine life
1658:electricity
1581:Agriculture
1447:Terra preta
1350:Ecoforestry
1274:Gobi Desert
1265:By region:
744:(4): 341+.
350:Water cycle
285:lapse rates
270:rain shadow
218:Rain shadow
212:Rain shadow
71:water vapor
69:, and thus
59:overgrazing
3778:Categories
3666:Depression
3656:Ransomware
3471:Messianism
3441:Armageddon
3426:Apocalypse
3214:Antichrist
3202:Man of sin
3099:Three Ages
2962:Big Crunch
2824:Extinction
2816:Biological
2578:Ecological
2450:Strangelet
2272:mitigation
2267:assessment
2262:by country
2160:Decoupling
2122:Mitigation
1851:Reservoirs
1772:pesticides
1717:Explosives
1695:reservoirs
1596:irrigation
1453:Wilderness
1320:Mitigation
1294:Mauritania
997:2016-05-16
738:BioScience
715:2016-05-14
590:2017-03-02
489:2016-05-17
459:2016-05-17
434:2016-05-17
407:References
233:Foehn wind
227:Foehn wind
145:, and, in
125:vegetation
108:, such as
51:grasslands
35:See also:
3551:Fictional
3398:Saoshyant
3283:New Earth
3254:The Beast
3187:Preterism
3160:Christian
3116:Kali Yuga
3061:Micronova
3056:Hypernova
2922:Dysgenics
2763:Verneshot
2669:Hypercane
2412:Dead Hand
2195:Recycling
1861:Transport
1846:Quarrying
1841:Pollution
1700:transport
1690:petroleum
1685:oil shale
1648:biodiesel
1179:Assarting
1010:1978 –
683:1004.0355
553:: 15338.
274:adiabatic
182:elevation
3691:Pandemic
3676:Epidemic
3671:Droughts
3525:Prewrath
3456:End time
3322:Al-Qa'im
3207:Katechon
3192:2 Esdras
3182:Idealism
3165:Futurism
3094:Maitreya
3089:Buddhist
2932:Pandemic
2380:Gray goo
2257:Category
1881:shipping
1866:aviation
1752:plastics
1742:concrete
1727:Land use
1643:biofuels
1611:palm oil
1416:Forestry
1299:Mongolia
1079:Archived
1036:Archived
991:Archived
969:36859548
912:33966731
904:18048654
818:Archived
788:Archived
758:85905766
706:Archived
640:Archived
609:Archived
584:Archived
523:Archived
498:cite web
483:Archived
428:Archived
303:See also
289:windward
268:It is a
190:altitude
178:air mass
147:drylands
3751:Hazards
3649:General
3520:Rapture
3369:Messiah
3357:Sufyani
3347:Israfil
3317:Islamic
3155:Messiah
3133:1 Enoch
2967:Big Rip
2679:Ecocide
2674:Ice age
2246:Commons
2022:Erosion
1972:Ecocide
1910:Effects
1856:Tourism
1789:fishing
1747:fashion
1670:fashion
1623:Bitcoin
1502:General
1335:Biochar
1279:Lebanon
1042:May 13,
1032:PhysOrg
960:9995269
939:Bibcode
884:Bibcode
876:Science
849:Bibcode
824:May 13,
794:May 13,
688:Bibcode
646:May 13,
615:May 13,
555:Bibcode
186:terrain
65:reduce
3681:Famine
3607:Zombie
3409:Others
3364:Jewish
3342:Dajjal
3224:Events
3138:Daniel
3039:winter
2866:Others
2756:winter
2556:winter
2551:famine
2546:cobalt
2250:
2239:
1811:Mining
1665:energy
1573:Causes
967:
957:
931:Nature
910:
902:
756:
529:16 May
202:clouds
121:albedo
85:. The
3696:Riots
3388:Norse
3352:Mahdi
3111:Kalki
3106:Hindu
2436:(EMP)
2205:urban
1876:roads
1767:paper
1762:paint
1309:Yemen
1304:Sahel
1284:Libya
1269:China
908:S2CID
765:(PDF)
754:S2CID
734:(PDF)
709:(PDF)
678:arXiv
666:(PDF)
394:Sahel
243:foehn
1871:rail
1653:coal
1616:(US)
1289:Mali
1161:and
1087:2016
1044:2016
965:PMID
900:PMID
826:2016
796:2016
648:2016
617:2016
531:2016
504:link
297:Alps
262:Alps
239:föhn
153:and
127:and
53:and
1900:War
955:PMC
947:doi
935:615
892:doi
880:319
857:doi
746:doi
696:doi
278:see
247:lee
241:or
91:dew
57:by
3780::
2459:/
1030:.
989:.
985:.
963:.
953:.
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933:.
929:.
906:.
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878:.
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752:.
742:59
740:.
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704:.
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674:13
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638:.
634:.
582:.
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551:17
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521:.
500:}}
496:{{
481:.
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1137:v
1089:.
1046:.
1000:.
971:.
949::
941::
914:.
894::
886::
863:.
859::
851::
845:7
828:.
798:.
748::
718:.
698::
690::
680::
650:.
619:.
593:.
561:.
557::
506:)
492:.
462:.
437:.
264:.
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